KLE COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND

1 TECHNOLOGY, CHIKODI.

Smart Electronic Walking Stick for Blind People

Presented By,
Ms. Arsha M. Mulla (2KD16CS018) Ms. Poornima R. Hiremath(2KD16CS059)
Ms. Ashwini C. Talawar (2KD16CS021) Ms. Vidya V. Patil (2KD16CS110)
Guided By,
Prof. Satish S. Bhojannawar.
Associate Professor and HOD Of CSE
KLE College Of Engineering and Technology,
Chikodi.

Dept.of CSE KLECET,Chikodi. 2019-20

2 PRESENTATION OUTLINE

 INTRODUCTION
 LITRETURE SURVEY
 SYSTEM DESIGN
 IMPLEMENTATION
 TESTING
 REFERENCES

Dept.of CSE KLECET,Chikodi. 2019-20

3 INTRODUCTION
 Independence is the important methodology in
achieving objectives, dreams and goals in life.
 Visually impaired or blind persons find themselves
challenging the dangerous paths to go out
independently.
 Presently, blind people use a white stick as a tool for
direction, when they move or walk.
 Blind people who suffer from a severe reduction in
vision that can not be corrected with conventional
means, such as a refractive correction or medication
and reduces a person’s ability to function at certain
or all task.

Dept.of CSE KLECET,Chikodi. 2019-20

4 (Continued..)

 Here, we develop a tool which can serve as a blind stick being more efficient
and helpful than the conventional one.
 The system facilitates blind people to navigate independently without any
external help.
 The system is linked with a GSM-GPS module to pin-point the location of
the blind person and to establish a to way communication path in a wireless
fashion.
 The system is equipped with obstacle sensors such as ULTRASONIC and IR
sensor to alert the blind person.

Dept.of CSE KLECET,Chikodi. 2019-20

5 LITRETURE SURVEY
YEAR AUTHOR JOURNAL REVIEW
/CONFERRENCE

2014 K. Ramarethinam, IEEE Conference It helps the blind people

Mrs K. Thenkumari, in improving their
P. Kalaiselvan communication ability
and not to depend on
none during walking in
even unknown areas.
2015 Kher Chaitrali S., IEEE Conference It aims to solve the
Dabhade Yogita A., problems faced by blind
Kadam Snehal K., people in their daily life,
Dhamdhere Swati D., also takes measures to
Deshpande Arati V. ensure their safety.

Dept.of CSE KLECET,Chikodi. 2019-20

6 YEAR AUTHOR JOURNAL REVIEW
/CONFERRENCE

2016 Jini. S, IEEE Conference It focuses on the

Swetha. P, development and
Akshara. P. S, evaluation of a navigation
Jishnu S, system that makes use of
Karthik global positioning system,
Selvan. voice and ultrasonic sensor
for obstacle detection.
2017 Jismi Johnson, IEEE Conference It gives good results in
Nikhalrajan P, Detecting obstacles in front
Nivya M of the user.
Thomas,
Rakendh C S,
Sijo T
Varghese.

Dept.of CSE KLECET,Chikodi. 2019-20

7 SYSTEM DESIGN
DFD
LEVEL-0

Dept.of CSE KLECET,Chikodi. 2019-20

8 DFD LEVEL-1

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9 DFD LEVEL-2

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10 FLOW CHART

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11 Use Case Diagrams

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12 Use Case Diagrams

Dept.of CSE KLECET,Chikodi. 2019-20

13 Use Case Diagrams

Dept.of CSE KLECET,Chikodi. 2019-20

14 Use Case Diagrams

Dept.of CSE KLECET,Chikodi. 2019-20

15 Sequence Diagram
Obstacle detection

Dept.of CSE KLECET,Chikodi. 2019-20

16 Sequence Diagram
Water detection

Dept.of CSE KLECET,Chikodi. 2019-20

17 Sequence Diagram
Fire detection

Dept.of CSE KLECET,Chikodi. 2019-20

18 Sequence Diagram
Location tracking

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19 Activity Diagram

Dept.of CSE KLECET,Chikodi. 2019-20

20 IMPLEMENTATION
Hardware Implementation

Dept.of CSE KLECET,Chikodi. 2019-20

21 MODULES

 Microcontroller
 Object detection module
 Water detection module
 Fire detection module
 Heart beat module
 GPS and GSM module
 LCD
 Emergency switch
 Buzzer

Dept.of CSE KLECET,Chikodi. 2019-20

22 Microcontroller
 OBJECTIVE:
Microcontroller is nothing but a our Arduino Board.It is
an open source microcontroller board based on the
micro chip ATmega 328P micro controller and developed
by Arduino, the board is equipped with sets of digital
input and output pins that may be interfaced to various
expansion boards and other circuits. The board has 14
digital pins, 6 analog pins and programmable with the
Arduino IDE via type B USB cable. It can be powered
by USB cable or by an external volt battery, though it
accepts voltages between 7 and 20 volts.

Dept.of CSE KLECET,Chikodi. 2019-20

 Object Detection Module

OBJECTIVE:
Object Detection Module is nothing but a Ultrasonic Sensor. Devices that use electrical–
mechanical energy transformation to measure distance from the sensor to the target
object. Apart from distance measurement, they are also used in ultrasonic material
testing, Object detection, position detection, ultrasonic mouse, etc.
INPUT AND OUTPUT:
Ultrasonic Sensor Consists of 4 pins. They are
 Vcc: connect to 5V dc
 Trigger: pulse input that triggers the sensor
 Echo: indicates the reception of echo from the target
 Gnd: ground final
 Water Detection Module

OBJECTIVE:
A Water Detection Module is nothing but a Water Sensor. A water sensor is a device
used in the detection of the water level for various applications. It detects the water if
present in front of the blind person.
INPUT and OUTPUT:
Water Sensor consists of 3 pins. They are
 S pin(Signal Pin): Analog Output
 +Vcc: Power Supply between 3.3V to 5V
 Gnd: Ground final
 Fire Detection Module

OBJECTIVE:
A Fire Detection Module is nothing but a Fire Sensor. A Fire sensor is designed to detect
and respond to the presence of a flame or fire if present in front of the blind person.
INPUT AND OUTPUT:
Fire Sensor consists of 3 pins. They are
 Vcc: 3.3-5V power supply
 Dout : Digital output
 GND: Ground
 Heart Beat Module

OBJECTI VE:
Heart Beat Module is nothing but Heart Beat Sensor. Heart beat sensor is connected
to the Arduino pin and this sensor is used to sense the heartbeat rate of that particular
person and it will be uploaded to the cloud for the future analysis.
INPUT AND OUTPUT:
Heart beat sensor consists of 3 pins. They are
 Gnd: Ground
 Vcc: Voltage +5V otherwise +3.3V
 S pin: Signal Pin
 GPS(Global Positioning System) Tracking Device

OBJECTIVE:
GPS is a device that is capable of receiving information from GPS satellites and then to
calculate the devices geographical position. Using suitable software, the device may
display the position on a map, and it may offer direction.
SIM900L: Here we have used sim slot SIM900L module.
 INPUT AND OUTPUT:
Arduino Uno SIM900L module
+5v Vcc pin
GND Ground Pin
PIN10 TXD Pin
PIN11 RXD Pin
 LCD(Liquid Crystal Display)

OBJECTIVE:
Here we have used 2x16 line LCD Display. It is a flat panel display used to display
the detected distance between sensor and any obstacle or fire or water etc.

 Emergency Switch
OBJECTIVE:
The emergency switch is used by the blind person when he will be in a critical
condition then location of the blind person will be read from the GPS and it will be
sent to the care taker using the SIM900L of the blind person.
 Buzzer

OBJECTIVE:
The buzzer will be beeped when any obstacle/fire/water etc will be detected. Along
with the buzzer an audio will also be announced to intimate the blind person.
30 Software Implementation

 For Smart Electronic Walking Stick for Blind People, we are using Arduino IDE
software.
 The open source Arduino software makes it very easy to write code and
upload it to the board.
 Here we are using C programming language to program these
microcontroller.

Dept.of CSE KLECET,Chikodi. 2019-20

31 Testing

 Testing is defined as an activity to check whether the actual results match the
expected results and to ensure that the software system is defect free.
 There are three phases-
1. Unit testing
2. Integration testing
3. System testing

Dept.of CSE KLECET,Chikodi. 2019-20

32 Unit Testing

 Unit testing is the first level of testing.

 It is the process of ensuring individual components of a piece of software at code
level are functional and work as they were designed to.
 We have unit test for sensors-
 Sensors tests
ultrasonic sensor, water sensor, fire sensor, heart beat sensor are tested
individually with Arduino.

Dept.of CSE KLECET,Chikodi. 2019-20

33 Integration testing

 Integration testing is a level of software testing where individual units are

combined and tested as a group.
 The purpose of this level of testing is to expose faults in the interaction between
integrated units.
 The main function or goal of this testing is to test interface between the units.

Dept.of CSE KLECET,Chikodi. 2019-20

34 System Testing

 System testing is a black box testing method to evaluate the completed and
integrated system.
 The proposed system is designed, implemented and tested for practical use.
 The system is able to handle 6 states that may face blind person.
 The system will respond to each state according to a specific program which is
Arduino coded.

Dept.of CSE KLECET,Chikodi. 2019-20

35 Test Cases

Ultrasonic Sensor

Sensor Type Threshold Expected output Actual output

Ultrasonic thr < 10cm Beep sound Beep sound
Sensor thr > 10cm No response No response

Dept.of CSE KLECET,Chikodi. 2019-20

36 Test Cases

Water Sensor

Sensor type Threshold Expected output Actual output

Water sensor If water present Beep sound or Voice command
near to blind water detected like “water
person. present”

Dept.of CSE KLECET,Chikodi. 2019-20

37 Test Cases

Fire Sensor

Sensor type Threshold Expected output Actual output

Fire sensor If fire or flame Beep sound or Voice command
present near to fire detected like “fire present”
blind person.

Dept.of CSE KLECET,Chikodi. 2019-20

SNAPSHOTS

Smart Electronic Walking Stick Hardware Kit

Object Detection by Ultrasonic Sensor
Water Detection by Water Sensor
Fire Detection by Fire Sensor
GPS and GSM tracked message
Smart Electronic Walking Stick with Kit
38 REFERENCE
 Jismi Johnson, NikhalRajan P, Nivya M Thomas, Rakendh C S, Sijo T Varghese,
“Smart Walking Stick for Blind”, International Journal of Engineering
Science Invention Research & Development; Vol. III, Issue IX, pp. 557-560,
March 2017.
 K. Ramarethinam, Mrs K. Thenkumari, [Assist.Prof], P.Kalaiselvan, “Navigation
System for Blind People Using GPS & GSM Techniques ,” International Journal
of Advanced Research in Electrical, Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering ,
Vol. 3, Special Issue 2, pp.398-405, April 2014.
 Kher Chaitrali S., Dabhade Yogita A., Kadam Snehal K., Dhamdhere Swati D.,
Deshpande Aarti V., “An Intelligent Walking Stick for the Blind,” International
Journal of Engineering Research and General Science Volume 3, Issue 1, January-
February, pp.1057-1062, 2015.

Dept.of CSE KLECET,Chikodi. 2019-20

39 (Continued..)
 Jini.S, Swetha.P, Akshara.P.S, Jishnu S, Karthik Selvan, “Voice Maps for Visually
Impaired with Obstacle Detection,” International Journal on Recent and Innovation
Trends in Computing and Communication, Volume: 4 Issue: 3., pp.14-16, March
2016.
 G. Gayathri, M. Vishnupriya, R. Nandhini and M. Banupriya “Smart Walking Stick
for Visually Impaired.” International Journal of Engineering and Computer Science,
vol. 3, number 3, pp. 4057-4061, 2014.
 R. Radhika, P.G. Pai, S. Rakshitha and R. Srinath “Implementation of Smart Stick
for Obstacle Detection and Navigation.” International Journal of Latest Research in
Engineering and Technology, vol. 2, number 5, pp. 45-50, 2016.
 M.H. Mahmud, R. Saha and S. Islam “Smart Walking Stick – An Electronic
Approach to Assist Visually Disabled Persons.” International Journal of Scientific
and Engineering Research, vol. 4, number 10, pp. 111-114, 2013.

Dept.of CSE KLECET,Chikodi. 2019-20

40

THANK YOU

Dept.of CSE KLECET,Chikodi. 2019-20