Programmable Logic

Controllers

PLC Addressing and Basic

Instructions

Lecture 3-1

Basic addressing
• For the Allen-Bradley PLCs and the simulator
used, the input and output image areas (in
addition to other data) are held in “data files”
• Each “data file” holds information such as
– Discrete input values
– Discrete output values
– Values associated with timers
– Values associated with counters
– Status information
– Etc.

Lecture 3-2

3-1
PLC data files

Simulator data files AB PLC data files

Lecture 3-3

I/O memory mapping

• Basic AB PLC addressing
Data file type Slot number (not used with the simulator)
I – input
O – output
S – status
B – binary
T- timer X1:x.0/0 Bit number
C-counter

Data file number Word number: selects

(can be omitted for the a specific word in
basic data files) a data file

I/O located on the controller (embedded I/O) is slot 0.

I/O added to the controller (expansion I/O) begins with slot 1.
Lecture 3-4

3-2
Example Addressing

Digital Digital
CPU Input Output
Module Module Module
(slot 0) (slot 1) (slot 2)
16 inputs 8 outputs

Would occupy Would occupy

addresses addresses
I1:1.0/0 O0:2.0/0
through through
I1:1.0/15 O0:2.0/7

Lecture 3-5

Basic instructions
• Examine If Closed (XIC)
• Examine If Open (XIO)
• Output Energize (OTE)
• Output Latch (OTL)
• Output Unlatch (OTU)
• One-shot Rising (OSR)

Lecture 3-6

3-3
 Examine if closed (XIC)
• Alternate name: Normally open contact
• Use the XIC instruction in your ladder program to
determine if a bit is on.
– When the instruction is executed, if the bit addressed is on
(1), then the instruction is evaluated as TRUE.
– When the instruction is executed, if the bit addressed is off
(0), then the instruction is evaluated as FALSE.

Instruction symbol
Normally open switch is open

Normally open switch is closed

Lecture 3-7

Examine if open (XIO)

• Alternate name: Normally closed contact
• Use the XIO instruction in your ladder program to
determine if a bit is off.
– When the instruction is executed, if the bit addressed is on
(1), then the instruction is evaluated as FALSE.
– When the instruction is executed, if the bit addressed is off
(0), then the instruction is evaluated as TRUE.

Instruction symbol
Normally open switch is open

An XIO instruction inverts the Normally open switch is closed

state of the bit it references.
Lecture 3-8

3-4
 Output energize (OTE)
• Alternate name: coil
• This instruction is usually used in conjunction with
XIC or XIO or any other input instruction.
• If the logic preceding the OTE instruction is true (1),
the OTE instruction will be energized
Not energized
Instruction symbol

An OTE instruction can

only be the last
instruction on a rung. Energized

Lecture 3-9

Output latch (OTL)

• The OTL instruction is used only to turn
a bit on and latch it on

Initially not
energized

Instruction symbol
Energized
L
Latched

Lecture 3-10

3-5
 Output unlatch (OTU)
• The OTU instruction is used only to turn
a bit off and latch it off
• OTL and OTU are generally used in pairs

Instruction symbol

Lecture 3-11

One-shot rising (OSR)

• When the rung conditions preceding the OSR go from false-to-
true, the OSR instruction goes true also but for only one scan
• The address on the OSR instruction is a bit that is used to
reflect the state of the input to the OSR.

Instruction symbol

OSR I:1/0

OSR output
One PLC scan
Lecture 3-12

3-6
Branches
• Branches can be inserted in ladder logic programs to
create parallel combinations of various ladder logic
elements

Lecture 3-13

Multiple Series/Parallel Branches

• Multiple series/parallel branches can be utilized with

multiple inputs and also affecting multiple outputs in
parallel

Lecture 3-14

3-7