CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

The internet of things (IOT) is a system of interrelated computing devices,

mechanical and digital machines, objects, animals or people that are provided with
unique identifiers (UIDs) and the ability to transfer data over a network without
requiring human-to-human or human-to-computer interaction. IOT helps people live
and work smarter as well as gain complete control over their lives. In addition to
offering smart devices to automate homes, IOT is essential to business. IOT enables
companies to automate processes and reduce labor costs. It also cuts down on waste
and improves service delivery, making it less expensive to manufacture and deliver
goods as well as offering transparency into customer transactions.
IOT touches every industry, including healthcare, finance, retail and
manufacturing. Sensors are even used in farming to help monitor crop and cattle
yields and predict growth patterns. As such, IOT is one of the most important
technologies of everyday life and it will continue to pick up steam as more businesses
realize the potential of connected devices to keep them competitive.
There are numerous real-world applications of the internet of things, ranging
from consumer IOT and enterprise IOT to manufacturing and industrial IOT (IIOT).
In the consumer segment, for example, smart homes that are equipped with smart
thermostats, smart appliances and connected heating, lighting and electronic devices
can be controlled remotely via computers and smartphones. So, IOT home automation
system is built as a project.

1.1. IOT Home Automation System

In this system, there are four sections such as web control, local monitoring,
Field Control Unit (FCU) and security. IOT is a great way of making things smart by
connecting the sensors to the internet and allowing them to communicate with user’s
smartphone. It enables the user to deploy the conditions far away from home and
control everything remotely in web control system. In web control system, all of the
sensors are connected to the Node MCU board and the results can be seen in the smart
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phone or PC.
Local monitoring and control section is intended a low-cost Wi-Fi based
automation system for smart home automation system in order to monitor and control
home appliances remotely using mobile phone or monitor. The main purpose of this
monitoring system is to monitor the system by using LCD and Web page. By using
these, user can monitor the home condition via Web page even if they are not at
home. And then, all of the conditions via from the sensors are sent to the FCU section.
The system is designed for the following reason. These are
a. To provide a feeling of freshness in the house by using exhaust and inhale fan
b. Check and fill main water tank if needed
c. Plant to be watered to keep optimum moisture level
d. Lit up garden lights if dark
The proposed system is a home automation system which consists of web
server, LCD and sensors. Server and LCD control and monitor the various
sensors. This system is configured with temperature and humidity, water level,
moisture and light sensor.

1.2. Aims and Objectives

In this project, three main purposes are included. The first one is to learn how
to integrate the multiple controller systems into a single functioning unit for desired
application like interfacing, device to device communication. The second point is to
understand the world of IOT concepts. The next point is to learn how to apply those
concepts.