UNI-1 INTERNET web tech

Introducing Internet, Its Uses : Why Internet, Basic internet Tools, E-Mail, Ftp, Telnet, Usenet
News, Web Browsers, Search Engines, Yahoo, Archie, Info seek, Veronica, World Wide Web

How Internet works: Administration of Internet, How to go on Internet : Requirements,

Hardware, Software, ISP, Internet Account PPP/Shell
How to Use E-Mail Services On Internet Introducing Hotmail/Yahoo/Visa-Net, How To
Operate E-Mail address
Operation E-Mail Services : Sending Email, Forwarding, Saving, Reading etc., How to attach
files,

Internet is defined as an Information super Highway, to access information over the web. However It
can be defined in many ways as follows:
 Internet is a world-wide global system of interconnected computer networks.
 Internet uses the standard Internet Protocol (TCP/IP).
 Every computer in internet is identified by a unique IP address.IP Address is a unique set of numbers (such as
110.22.33.114) which identifies a computer location.
 A special computer DNS (Domain Name Server) is used to give name to the IP Address so that user can locate a
computer by a name.
 For example, a DNS server will resolve a name http://www.tutorialspoint.com to a particular IP address to
uniquely identify the computer on which this website is hosted.
 Internet is accessible to every user all over the world.

INTERNET USES:

Internet helps us to share information from any place in the world

Internet is a source of lot of information for education purposes

Internet enables fast transfer of news or incidents to people

Internet can be used for communication from end of the world to the other

Without internet, the world would move slow nowadays

Basic internet tools It is important to understand that there are important Internet protocols
other than HTTP. The other protocols work in much the same way as HTTP in that there is a piece of
client software making requests to a server machine running the appropriate server software. Here are
some of the most common and useful protocols.

Email (electronic mail) is a way to send and receive messages across the Internet. It's similar to traditional
mail, but it also has some key differences. To get a better idea of what email is all about, take a look at the
info graphic below and consider how you might benefit from its use.
File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is a client/server protocol used for transferring files to or exchanging files with a host
computer. It may be authenticated with user names and passwords. Anonymous FTP allows users to access files,
programs and other data from the Internet without the need for a user ID or password. Web sites are sometimes
designed to allow users to use 'anonymous' or 'guest' as a user ID and an email address for a password. Publicly
available flies are often found in a directory called pub and can be easily FTP ed to a user’s computer. FTP is also
the Internet standard for moving or transferring files from one computer to another using TCP or IP networks.
File Transfer Protocol is also known as RFC 959.
Telnet (TN) is a networking protocol and software program used to access remote computers and terminals over the
Internet or a TCP/IP computer network. Telnet was conceived in 1969 and standardized as one of the first Internet
standards by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF).
Usenet can be defined as a network where people exchange news. It is used for several purposes by people
and support groups for sharing information. Its' main purpose is to offer a network where users can post
information freely, which is then distributed. This allows others to access the information easily and as
quickly as possible. Usenet is regarded as one of the oldest networks. In fact, it was conceived in 1979. This
means that it was implemented before the World Wide Web. 
WEB Browsers: A web browser is the program you use to view pages and navigate the World Wide Web. A
wide array of web browsers is available for just about every platform you can imagine. Microsoft Internet
Explorer, for example, is included with Windows and Safari is included with Mac OS X. Mozilla Firefox,
Netscape Navigator, and Opera are all available for free.
Search engine refers to a huge database of internet resources such as web pages, newsgroups, programs,
images etc. It helps to locate information on World Wide Web. User can search for any information by
passing query in form of keywords or phrase. It then searches for relevant information in its database and
return to the user.

Yahoo! is one of the Internet's leading search engines. It is also the largest Web portal, providing links to thousands of other
websites. These links include sites from the Yahoo! Directory as well as news stories that are updated several times a day.

Archie is a program that allows you to search for files available on one or more FTP servers. It was commonly used in the
early 1990s, but has been replaced by standard web-based search engines and peer-to-peer (P2P) file sharing services.

Info seek, -A World Wide Web search engine developed by Infoseek’s Corporation. In addition to providing a full-text
search engine, Info seek also provides categorized lists of Web sites. This is similar to Yahoo!'s approach, though the
Infoseek's categorization is not as detailed or complete.

Veronica is a program that allowed you to search the files of the Internet's Gopher servers for a particular
search string. Like Archie, Veronica's equivalent program for FTP servers, Veronica is an indexing spider
that visits the Gopher sites, reads all the directory and file names, and then indexes them in one large index.
However, with the almost complete demise of Gopher servers (most content has probably been put on the
Web), Veronica has become a relic of the early 1990s.
World Wide Web The 1990s saw the explosion of Internet applications due to the emergence of the World Wide
Web (WWW). The Web was invented at CERN by Tim Berners-Lee. This invention has added the commercial
applications to the Internet
INTERNET ADMINISTRATION The Internet, with its roots primarily in the research domain, has evolved and
gained a broader user base with significant commercial activity. Various groups that coordinate Internet issues have
guided this growth and development. Appendix G gives the addresses, e-mail addresses, and telephone numbers for
some of these groups. Shows the general organization of Internet administration. E-mail addresses and telephone
numbers for some of these groups. Below figure shows the general organization of Internet administration.
IINTERNET ADMINISTRATION The Internet, with its roots primarily in the research domain, has evolved and
gained a broader user base with significant commercial activity. Various groups that coordinate Internet issues have
guided this growth and development. Appendix G gives the addresses, e-mail addresses, and telephone numbers for
some of these groups. Shows the general organization of Internet administration. E-mail addresses and telephone
numbers for some of these groups. Below figure shows the general organization of Internet administration. I

An ISP (Internet service provider) is a company that provides individuals and other companies access to the Internet
and other related services such as Web site building and virtual hosting. An ISP has the equipment and the
telecommunication line access required to have a point-of-presence on the Internet for the geographic area served.
The larger ISPs have their own high-speed leased lines so that they are less dependent on the telecommunication
providers and can provide better service to their customers. Among the largest national and regional ISPs are AT&T
WorldNet, IBM Global Network, MCI, Netcom, UUNet, and PSI Net.

Internet (PPP) Accounts A PPP (Point-to-Point Protocol) account is an Internet account that uses the PPP communications protocol. PPP is
the most popular type of Internet account because the most popular software--Internet Explorer, Netscape Navigator, Outlook Express,
Eudora, and other programs--is designed to work with PPP accounts. Occasionally, you may run into a SLIP (Serial Line Internet Protocol)
or CSLIP account (Compressed SLIP), which are old, less-reliable protocols than PPP, but which work the same way. This book refers to
PPP, CSLIP, and SLIP accounts as dial-up Internet accounts.

Shell Account

 .Text only. No graphics.

 Your computer dials into a "host" computer that is a part of the Internet.

 Your computer never becomes a part of the Internet. It just acts as a "dummy" terminal to the host computer.

 You do not have access to the data on your hard disk drive and floppy disks while connected.

 Software needed: A communications program that can dial out. Ex. ProComm, Telix

 Where to get a shell account: Internet Service Provider, Colleges and other organizations you may be a part of

 Cost: $5 to $20 per month.

 You don't need a powerful computer. Almost any computer will do.

 Visa Net system is the largest and most sophisticated consumer financial transaction processing system in the world. It provides worldwide
telecommunications and payment data processing, authorizes and settles payments, and offers a range of value-added services such as
risk management and fraud control service