Strength of Materials: A Doorway To Engineering & Design

STRENGTH OF MATERIALS
A DOORWAY TO ENGINEERING & DESIGN
Shaikh Faruque Ali

Department of Applied Mechanics
Indian Institute of Technology Madras
Chennai-600036
Shaikh Faruque ALI | AM2200 | Day1 | July Nov 2020 | Applied Mechanics Department — IIT Madras
A GLIMPSE OF ENGINEERING
MECHANICS
For
Strength of Materials
Shaikh Faruque ALI | AM2200 | Day1 | July Nov 2020 | Applied Mechanics Department — IIT Madras 2
Pre-requisites for SoM
Engineering Mechanics
o Free body diagrams
o Supports and boundary conditions
o Equilibrium of planar 2D bodies
o Internal and external forces
o BMD and SFD
o Geometrical parameters of regular shaped bodies
3
Pre-requisites for SoM
Engineering Mechanics
o Free body diagrams
o Supports and boundary conditions
o Equilibrium of planar 2D bodies
o Internal and external forces
o BMD and SFD
o Geometrical parameters of regular shaped bodies
Engineering Mathematics
o Ordinary differentials equations and solutions
o Matrix algebra
o Eigenvalue analysis
4
Free body diagram
All problems and illustrations are from
1. Engineering Mechanics, Statics, Mariam & Kraige, 7th Ed.
2. Engineering Mechanics, Statics, Hibbeler, 12th Ed.
Free body diagram
(b) (c)
(a)
6
Free body diagram
The lever ABC is pin supported at A and connected to a short link BD as shown. If the weight
of the members is negligible, determine the force of the pin on the lever at A.
FBD of member BD
7
Free body diagram
The lever ABC is pin supported at A and connected to a short link BD as shown. If the weight
of the members is negligible, determine the force of the pin on the lever at A.
FBD of member BD
FBD of member ABC

8
Free body diagram
(b)
FBD of complete system FBD of piston
9
Free body diagram
FBD of members
(b)
FBD of complete system
FBD of piston
10
Free body diagram
(c)
11
Free body diagram
(c)

FBD of members
12
Support and boundary conditions
Support reaction (Planar system)
Note two things:
Force / Moment Displacement / rotation
• Examples of reactions equivalent to an

unknown force with known line of
action.
14
• Reactions equivalent to a force of

unknown direction and magnitude.
• Reactions equivalent to a force and

a couple.
15
Support reaction (3D system)
16
Support reaction (3D system)
17
Roller support Hinge support
Fixed support
18
Internal and external forces
Internal & External forces
20
21
22
Static equilibrium of bodies
All problems and illustrations are from

1. Engineering Mechanics, Statics, Mariam & Kraige, 7th Ed.
2. Engineering Mechanics, Statics, Hibbeler, 12th Ed.
Equilibrium of 2 force system
• Consider a plate subjected to two forces F1 and F2
• For static equilibrium, the sum of moments about A

must be zero. The moment of F2 must be zero. It
follows that the line of action of F2 must pass
through A.
• Similarly, the line of action of F1 must pass

through B for the sum of moments about B to be
zero.
• Requiring that the sum of forces in any direction be

zero leads to the conclusion that F1 and F2 must
have equal magnitude but opposite sense.
24
Equilibrium of 3 force system
• Consider a rigid body subjected to forces acting at
only 3 points.
• Assuming that their lines of action intersect, the

moment of F1 and F2 about the point of intersection
represented by D is zero.
• Since the rigid body is in equilibrium, the sum of the

moments of F1, F2, and F3 about any axis must be
zero. It follows that the moment of F3 about D must
be zero as well and that the line of action of F3 must
pass through D.
• The lines of action of the three forces must be

concurrent or parallel.
25
Equilibrium of 2D Planar system
Determinate systems
26
Indeterminate systems
27
(b)
(a)
(c) (d)
28
A fixed crane has a mass of 1000 kg and is used to lift a 2400 kg
crate. It is held in place by a pin at A and a rocker at B. The center of
gravity of the crane is located at G.
Determine the components of the reactions at A and B.
SOLUTION:
1. Create a free-body diagram for the crane.
2. Determine B by solving the equation for the sum of the moments
of all forces about A. Note there will be no contribution from the
unknown reactions at A.
3. Determine the reactions at A by solving the equations for the sum
of all horizontal force components and all vertical force
components.
4. Check the values obtained for the reactions by verifying that the
sum of the moments about B of all forces is zero.
29
• Determine B by solving the equation for the sum of the
moments of all forces about A.
Free body diagram å M A = 0 : + B(1.5m ) - 9.81 kN(2m )
- 23.5 kN(6m ) = 0
B = +107.1 kN
• Determine the reactions at A by solving the equations for

the sum of all horizontal forces and all vertical forces.
å Fx = 0 : Ax + B = 0
Ax = -107.1 kN
å Fy = 0 : Ay - 9.81 kN - 23.5 kN = 0
Ay = +33.3 kN
• Check the values obtained.

30
A loading car is at rest on an inclined track. The gross weight of the car and
its load is 5500 lb, and it is applied at at G. The cart is held in position by
the cable.
Determine the tension in the cable and the reaction at each pair of wheels.
SOLUTION:
• Create a free-body diagram for the car with the coordinate system aligned
with the track.
• Determine the reactions at the wheels by solving equations for the sum of
moments about points above each axle.
• Determine the cable tension by solving the equation for the sum of force
components parallel to the track.
• Check the values obtained by verifying that the sum of force components
perpendicular to the track are zero.
31
Free-body diagram • Determine the reactions at the wheels.
å M A = 0 : - (2320 lb ) 25in. - (4980 lb ) 6in.
+ R2 (50in.) = 0
R2 = 1758 lb
å M B = 0 : + (2320 lb ) 25in. - (4980 lb ) 6in.

- R1 (50in.) = 0
R1 = 562 lb
W x = +(5500 lb ) cos 25! • Determine the cable tension.

= +4980 lb å Fx = 0 : + 4980 lb - T = 0
W y = -(5500 lb ) sin 25! T = +4980 lb
= -2320 lb
32
• Determine the reactions at the wheels.
å M A = 0 : - (2320 lb ) 25in. - (4980 lb ) 6in.
+ R2 (50in.) = 0
R2 = 1758 lb
å M B = 0 : + (2320 lb ) 25in. - (4980 lb ) 6in.

- R1 (50in.) = 0
R1 = 562 lb
• Create a free-body diagram
W x = +(5500 lb ) cos 25! • Determine the cable tension.
= +4980 lb å Fx = 0 : + 4980 lb - T = 0
T = +4980 lb
W y = -(5500 lb ) sin 25!
= -2320 lb
33
SOLUTION:
• Create a free-body diagram for the
frame and cable.
• Solve 3 equilibrium equations for the
reaction force components and
couple at E.
The frame supports part of the roof of

a small building. The tension in the
cable is 150 kN.
Determine the reaction at the fixed
end E.
34
• Solve 3 equilibrium equations for the
reaction force components and couple.
4.5
å Fx = 0 : E x + (150 kN ) = 0
7.5
E x = -90.0 kN
6
å Fy = 0 : E y - 4(20 kN ) - (150 kN ) = 0
7.5
E y = +200 kN
• Create a free-body diagram for å M E = 0 : + 20 kN(7.2 m ) + 20 kN(5.4 m )

the frame and cable.
+ 20 kN(3.6 m ) + 20 kN(1.8 m )
6
- (150 kN )4.5 m + M E = 0
7.5
M E = 180.0 kN × m
35
SOLUTION:
• Create a free-body diagram of the joist.
Note that the joist is a 3 force body acted
upon by the rope, its weight, and the
reaction at A.
• The three forces must be concurrent for

static equilibrium. Therefore, the reaction
A man raises a 10 kg joist, of R must pass through the intersection of the
length 4 m, by pulling on a rope. lines of action of the weight and rope
Find the tension in the rope and forces. Determine the direction of the
the reaction at A. reaction force R.
• Utilize a force triangle to determine the
magnitude of the reaction force R.
36
• Create a free-body diagram of the joist.
• Determine the direction of the reaction
force R.
AF = AB cos 45 = (4 m ) cos 45 = 2.828 m
CD = AE = 12 AF = 1.414 m
BD = CD cot(45 + 20) = (1.414 m ) tan 20 = 0.515 m
CE = BF - BD = (2.828 - 0.515) m = 2.313 m
CE 2.313
tana = = = 1.636
AE 1.414
a = 58.6!
37
• Determine the magnitude of the reaction
force R.
T R 98.1 N
= =
sin 31.4! sin 110! sin 38.6!
T = 81.9 N
R = 147.8 N
38
Equilibrium of 3D system
• Six scalar equations are required to express the
conditions for the equilibrium of a rigid body in the
general three dimensional case.
å Fx = 0 å Fy = 0 å Fz = 0
åMx = 0 åMy = 0 åMz = 0
• These equations can be solved for no more than 6

unknowns which generally represent reactions at supports
or connections.
• The scalar equations are conveniently obtained by applying the

vector forms of the conditions for equilibrium,
! ! ! !
å F = 0 å M O = å (r ´ F ) = 0
39
SOLUTION:
• Create a free-body diagram for the sign.
• Apply the conditions for static

equilibrium to develop equations for
the unknown reactions.
A sign of uniform density weighs 270

lb and is supported by a ball-and-
socket joint at A and by two cables.
Determine the tension in each cable
and the reaction at A.
40
Equilibrium of 3D Planar
! ! !
rD - rB
TBD = TBD ! !
rD - rB
! ! !
- 8i + 4 j - 8k
= TBD
12
!
(! !
= TBD - 23 i + 13 j - 23 k )
! ! !
rC - rE
TEC = TEC ! !
rC - rE
! ! !
• Create a free-body diagram for the - 6i + 3 j + 2 k
= TEC
sign. 7
! 3! 2!
Since there are only 5 unknowns, 6 (
= TEC - 7 i + 7 j + 7 k )
the sign is partially constrain. It is
free to rotate about the x axis. It is,
however, in equilibrium for the
given loading.
41
! ! ! ! !
å =
F A + TBD + TEC - (270 lb ) j = 0
!
i: Ax - 23 TBD - 76 TEC = 0
!
j: Ay + 13 TBD + 73 TEC - 270 lb = 0
!
k: Az - 23 TBD + 72 TEC = 0
! ! ! ! ! ! !
åMA ( ) ( )
= rB ´ TBD + rE ´ TEC + 4 ft i ´ - 270 lb j = 0
!
j: 5.333 TBD - 1.714 TEC = 0
!
• Apply the conditions for k: 2.667 TBD + 2.571TEC - 1080 lb = 0
static equilibrium to
develop equations for the Solve the 5 equations for the 5 unknowns,
unknown reactions.
TBD = 101.3 lb TEC = 315 lb
! " ! !
A = (338 lb )i + (101.2 lb ) j - (22.5 lb )k
42
A few amazing structures
The Howrah bridge, Kolkata
Source@Google
43
A few amazing structures
Source@Google
44
THANKS TO ALL
sfali@iitm.ac.in

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STRENGTH OF MATERIALS

A DOORWAY TO ENGINEERING & DESIGN

Shaikh Faruque Ali

FBD of member ABC

FBD of complete system FBD of piston

FBD of complete system

FBD of complete system

FBD of complete system

Force / Moment Displacement / rotation

• Examples of reactions equivalent to an

• Reactions equivalent to a force of

• Reactions equivalent to a force and

Roller support Hinge support

All problems and illustrations are from

• For static equilibrium, the sum of moments about A

• Similarly, the line of action of F1 must pass

• Requiring that the sum of forces in any direction be

• Assuming that their lines of action intersect, the

• Since the rigid body is in equilibrium, the sum of the

• The lines of action of the three forces must be

• Determine the reactions at A by solving the equations for

• Check the values obtained.

å M B = 0 : + (2320 lb ) 25in. - (4980 lb ) 6in.

W x = +(5500 lb ) cos 25! • Determine the cable tension.

å M B = 0 : + (2320 lb ) 25in. - (4980 lb ) 6in.

The frame supports part of the roof of

• Create a free-body diagram for å M E = 0 : + 20 kN(7.2 m ) + 20 kN(5.4 m )

• The three forces must be concurrent for

• These equations can be solved for no more than 6

• The scalar equations are conveniently obtained by applying the

• Apply the conditions for static

A sign of uniform density weighs 270

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