A

PROJECT REPORT
ON

UTILZATION OF WASTE PLASTIC IN MANUFACTURING OF

BRICKS ALONG WITH QUARRY DUST AND M-SAND
TO
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

SESSION 2019-20

Group Members:

GUIDE NAME : Mr. Abhay Singh

Submitted To :
MR. ADITYA PRATAP SINGH
HOD
( Civil Department)
ABSTRACT
There is considerable imbalance in the conventional building materials; there is a great
demand in recent past years. In quarries while cutting out the lateritic stone with help of
cutting machines which produces 15-20% of soil wastes which poses a problem of disposal &
utilizing the quarry waste.
The quantity of plastic waste in municipal solid waste collection is expanding rapidly ,the
rate of expansion is double for every 10 years .since it is non-biodegradable which remain
on earth for 4500 years without degradation & it is a great challenge in disposing of waste
plastics ,it is also danger in repeat recycling of plastic waste it poses a danger of being
transformed to a carcinogenic materials & only a small amount of pet bottles are recycled, it
has a many good characteristics such as versatility , hardness, resist to chemical, water
impacts.
In recent years ,the natural sand is replaced by the m-sand .m-sand is also used in mixture of
plastic & soil , in this work an attempt has been made to manufacture of bricks by using the
waste plastic in range of 60-80% by weight of lateritic quarry waste & m-sand mixture.
The bricks manufactured possess the properties such as neat & even-finishing with
negligible water absorption & which satisfies the compressive strength to a certain extent.

Keywords :
Waste Plastic, Bricks, Quarry Dust and M-Sand

Plastic Waste :
Plastic is the general common term used widely in current scenario. It is
synthetic or semi synthetic organic amorphous solid material. The word PLASTIC is
originated from the GREEK word PLASTIKOS means fit for moulding.
Brick :
A Brick is a building material used to construct walls, buildings, pavements and in
some other masonry construction work.

Quarry Dust :
It is a byproduct of the crushing process is a concentrated material to use as
aggregates. The rock has been crushed in various sizes ; during this process the dust
generated is called Quarry Dust.

M-Sand :
It is produced from hard granite stone by crushing. It is substitute for river sand for
concrete construction.
The trajectory of the planting unit depends on:
1. Point P
2. Length L1, L2, L3 and L4
3. Delta
Theta is the variable which varies from 0 to 360 degree. The trajectory is
plotted in MATLAB with all the variations of the above discussed variables. The
optimised plot was chosen for which the values are:
P: (-150, 10) mm
L1 = 150 mm
L2 = 60 mm
L3 = 50 mm
L4 = 160 mm
Delta = 101 degree
The plot of the trajectory is shown in Appendix. Also the variation in speed is
simulated. Plot of the simulation is shown in Appendix.
Plant Catching Mechanism
There are several parameters were considered in designing the plant catching
mechanism:
1. Place of catching
2. Number of plant per catching
3. Distance of travel
4. Releasing Point
5. Angle of Planting
Plant should not be damaged while catching and releasing by the planting arm.
Suitable speed, position and angle of catching and angle of planting, height of
tray, width and length of figures are the factors governing the proper planting
mechanism. Distance of travel was calculated according to walking speed of a
normal man.
Man walking speed = 30 m/min
Diameter of the ground wheel = 240 mm
Perimeter of the ground wheel = 2πr
= 2*π*120 mm
= 753 mm
Distance of plants = 180 mm
Number of plants per one ground wheel rotation = 4.18 ≈ 4
Tension of the plant should be enough to catch the plants and to prevent
release until end point and not to damage the plant during the process. Angle
of planting is decided by tray feeding point angle and moving direction.

Depth of Planting
Planting depth is important for growth of roots and to stand with the
submerge condition. Planting depth for the machine is set to be 50mm below
the ground level.

Designing of Tray
 Tray is to carry the seed mat and to direct the plants to planting arm. Basic
factors (width, length, angle, speed of movement) is considered in designing
the tray mechanism. As two plant rows are planted at once, two trays are
placed side by side for each planting hand. Movement of the tray per one
planting of arm is decided by the volume taken away from the planting finger
at a time. The length of the movement of tray is taken to be 5 mm. To make
constant feeding of the seed mat to the planting arm it should come down to
the end of the try by gravity. Higher angle reduces energy requirement to feed
the seed mat to transplanting arm while too much angle effect on falling down
and compaction of nursery at the end of the tray making difficult to take out
the plants from the nursery by transplanting arm. The final angle of the tray is
60°. The design of the tray is shown in appendix

Power Transmission system

All the power generation is achieved by wheel. Chain and sprocket mechanism
is used to transmit power to the planting unit.
No of teeth of sprocket at wheel = 34
No of teeth of sprocket at planting mechanism = 9
No of plants planted per wheel rotation = 34/9 = 3.8
Tray has to move very slowly relative to the wheel. The gear ratio is 9:1.

APPENDIX – 1

Plot of the trajectory of the planting fingers and the speed of the optimised
mechanism
1. Optimised length and angle of the Mechanism
2. Plot due to variation of length L3
3. Plot due to variation of length L4
4. Plot due to variation of angle delta
5. Plot of the speed of the planting finger
Trajectory of the head of Picking Mechanism