UNIVERSITY OF THE EAST

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF RUBBER TIRES

RECYCLING MACHINE

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements of

Methods of Research for ME (NME 3201) for the Degree of

Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering

Submitted by:

Basiano, Ryn Andrew P.

SN: 20171120255

April 29, 2022, 2022

 Chapter 1- The Problem and its Background

1.1.Introduction

Rubber waste have been a major problem of environmental pollution in past decades, many

have considered the solution of recycling the rubber waste to lessen the pollution, Over the year

the number one cause of rubber waste mostly came from rubber tire.

Recently, in line with raising environmental concerns, researchers are now focusing on the

uses of recycled product. Waste rubber is one of the waste materials that has been recycled and

being used in many areas such in civil engineering, tires production, polymer composite, energy

source and many more. This paper highlighted the concern on the raising numbers of waste rubber

products generated globally and how does this waste rubber can cause a serious threat to the

environment. Re-use, recycle, recovery and pyrolysis are the common method in ensuring

sustainable management of waste products and it keeps emerging. This paper will discuss briefly

the development of recycling waste rubber into a composite material, the methods,

characterizations and improvements that contributed by the waste rubber on the composite’s

properties. Focus is on the development of composite filled with waste rubber tires, waste rubber

gloves, waste rubber condoms and few other wastes rubber products. Incorporation of waste rubber

fillers has improved the mechanical and physical properties of the composites. Thus, composites

with waste rubber fillers have created a new sustainable material and has potential to be applied

into various field.

Because tires are highly durable and non-biodegradable, they can consume valued space in

landfills. If waste tires are improperly managed, they may cause rubber pollution. In 1990, it was

estimated that over 1 billion scrap tires were in stockpiles in the United States. As of 2015, only
67 million tires remain in stockpiles.[2] From 1994 to 2010, the European Union increased the

number of tires recycled from 25% of annual discards to nearly 95%, with roughly half of the end-

of-life tires used for energy, mostly in cement manufacturing.

Therefore, we devise a framework for a sustainable and cheap rubber tire waste recycling

machine that can be implored in various sites where storage of industrial tire waste has been

accumulating.

Some of the byproducts of the recycled tires are fuel, rubberize asphalt road, and the major

thing that the recycled rubber tires be made of is repurposing which is re-purposed tires can also

be harnessed as an affordable alternative building material used in the framework of rammed Earth

thermal mass dwellings. This is beneficial across scales of production such as individually

sustainable housing.

Rows of stacks of tires are often used as barriers in motor racing circuits as a method of

dissipating kinetic energy over a longer period of time during a crash, comparatively to striking a

less malleable material such as a concrete or steel wall.

Many cattle farmers re-purpose old tractor tires as water troughs for their cattle by placing

them over natural springs or by piping stream water into them. These tires contain the water and

allow it to pool for the cattle without any additional interaction from the farmer. Most farmers also

include a drainage pipe near the top or in the center of the tire so excess water can drain off to

prevent overflow and erosion around the outside of the tire where the cattle would be.
1.2 Conceptual Framework

The machine will be easily operated it has a two-grinding mechanism to break down

the rubber tires in smaller pieces, it also has the washing station for removing dirt residue that

may cause problem when the melting process begin. Third the machine will have a sorting

station which will sort different types of rubber into their respective group, Fourth the machine

will have the melting area it will melt the categorized rubber by group so it can be made into

new type of byproduct, lastly is the testing area which where the initial byproduct will undergo

a series of testing to ensure that the quality of goods is up to the market's standard evaluation.

The machine will also have different stations for making by products like additives to

asphalt road, for making new tires, extracting fuel from rubber. It will also have many option

in going in the micro world the rubber use in making rubber tire may have a place in recycling

in terms of usage in different science lab can be a insulator or something only a rubber can do.
Figure 1: Conceptual Framework
1.3 Statement of the Problem

(1) By further improvising the current rubber tire recycling machine we can further reduce tire

waste in the environment and reduce of carbon emission in making the recycled by

products.

(2) The supply of rubber tires waste can be stable until human will never use rubber tires, So

the supply of the recycled byproducts can be maintained to a high efficiency.

1.4 Objectives of the Study

• General Objective

To be able to further improve the current rubber tire recycling machine by 50 percent

maximum efficiency, and to be able to have steady supply of byproduct of rubber component using

rubber waste material that's been recycled with less carbon emission,

• Specific Objectives

• To be able to design a machine that can further harness the usage of rubber tire waste.

• To be able help nature less the burden of rubber waste in the environment.

• To help lessen the carbon emission of creating new type of product that has realize it full

potential.

• To help lessen the carbon emission of creating new type of product that has realize it full

potential.

• To help the people have a job around the wasteland of rubber tires.
1.5 Assumptions of the Study

In designing and fabricating the rubber tire recycling machine, the following assumptions

were made:

(1) A motor of 4 HP capacity can shred and grind the rubber tires into smaller pieces that can be

use as melting raw material for new product.

(2) Industrial steel plate, commercial bolts, nuts and nail to make the main body of the machine,

there are also the needs of a powerful motor and a pressure grinder that can break the rubber

tire in a smallest piece.

(3) There are over a million tons of rubber waste materials in every dumpster, and the raw material

will have a steady supply of materials.

1.6 Significance of the Study

This research shows a lot of significance in terms of the following matter:

(1) Set of machines that will provide better livelihood of the people around the dumpster

where will the rubber tires is. This study may help the country jobless people to have

opportunity while saving the environment.

(2) The research of rubber tire recycling machine will be road to a sustainable and greener

planet. We've taken the first step to be a planet which is concern to its mother nature, we

will help people and the economy together while we're saving the plant from other form of

waste.

(3) The grinding of materials and mixing of other chemical together with the raw material

of which the rubber chips, can be a source of new breakthrough in terms of insulating
 materials. The different experimentation for the new byproduct of rubber waste may lead

to a breakthrough of different materials that can achieved better insulation.

1.7 Scope and Delimitation of the Study

The major focus of this research is to find a sustainable byproduct of rubber products from

rubber tire waste. It involves to spinning grinder which power may up to 4 HP and a powerful

torque for best grinding results, it also composes of rinsing section that can help purify the

remaining residue in rubber chip product, lastly the melting station which will give the waste

material the final product. It can also consist of experimentation station which will be the main

laboratory for further breakthrough of insulating materials.

It is electricity and gas-powered thus must be set up near urban area for electrical supply,

its scope also includes different rubber waste other than rubber waste it can also include rubber

gloves, rubbers shoes, and any materials which consist of rubber.

1.8. Definition of Terms

Grinders use abrasion, often combined with compression to pulverize materials, usually to

produce granular products. Wheels, drums and plates may be used in the processes. These may be

either high or low speed machines, according to the type of material they are intended for.

Chippers normally use high speed rotary knives to reduce materials to flakes or chips. They can

be manually or automatically fed, and may be single or multiple stage machines. They may also

employ single or multiple drums or wheels with single or multiple knives.

Granulators are employed mostly for plastic recycling from production processes like injection

molding. These units use knives, rather than abrasive surfaces to reduce parts or trimmings, etc. to

fine particles that can them be reused easily in the production lines. Some granulators are equipped

with thermoforming units that form the output into easily handled scrap or production parts.

Granulators vary widely in size and mechanics according to the type of industry, types of materials

handled, and the location in which they will be used.

Hammermills are used to shatter or pulverize materials. The most common configuration is a

chamber containing a rotary drum with swiveling hammers of hardened bar or chain. The chamber

is typically gravity-fed, and output screens control the size of particle produced. Hammer material,

configuration and distribution, and rotation speed are a few of the factors that determine the type

of material that can be processed.

Shear Shredders employ rotary cutters or guillotine-style knives to cut materials rather than

pulverizing, chipping or grinding. Shears can be found in many different configurations for

different industries. Feed types, speeds and type and number of knives differ according to the

applications.

Chapter 2 – Review of Related Literature

Foreign Literatures (Give at least 10)

This chapter presents information and studies conducted related to the project. The

following reviews are obtained from different sources such as books, journals, reports and other

related works:
 According to Wang, et al (2020) the rapid production of car around China and all around

the world cause caused numerous tires to be scrapped, and their disposal has become a significant

challenge. Performance analysis is conducted to evaluate the carbon emissions produced in the

production process of crumb rubber, modified asphalt, and styrene–butadiene–styrene modified

asphalt. The reduction potential of carbon emissions when using crumb rubber for road

construction is measured to contribute to the sustainable management of waste tires. The results

demonstrate that the prediction model employed for prediction of waste tire production is robust,

and the prediction results can be used to evaluate waste tire recycling. In addition, crumb rubber

can be used as an efficient and environmentally friendly method for recycling end-of-life tires.

Expanding the proportion of rubber powder asphalt application is an effective method for

balancing the supply and demand contradiction of crumb rubber. Moreover, the potential for

energy savings and emissions reduction, in addition to the economic benefits of using crumb

rubber modified asphalt, are significantly higher than those employing styrene–butadiene–styrene

modified asphalt. These results indicate the possibility of a circular economy and decreased

dependence on non-renewable asphalt resources.

According to Olivares, et al (2016) there are studies and experiment of creating something

out of the different byproduct can be produce for the rubber filler that will be come from the

recycled rubber tire product such as:

• An experimental acoustical characterization of rubberized concrete with and without fibers

was carried out.

• Concrete with fibers partially coated with rubber can be used for sound absorption.

• Rubberized concrete with fibers has a better NRC than rubberized concrete.

• Concrete with 80–100% of FCR have an absorption coefficient similar to other EPC
 • High volumes of recycled rubber can be revalorized in non-structural concrete panels for

sound barriers.

Some other people also study extensive research of how to use rubber to a maximum

efficiency Svoboda, et al (2018) aim his study to the utilization of rubber in the building industry,

especially the use of granulate as rubber filler in concrete. It has been found that the use of rubber

granulate as a substitute for natural aggregates in a concrete mix has a significant impact on the

properties of concrete. Although studies on the utilization of rubber granulate in a concrete mix

have been conducted in different sectors and in different research areas, it is clear that we do not

know much about it yet. That is why it is necessary to continue and to obtain more information

about the properties of concrete based on recycled rubber.

Other also have further study the extensive use of rubber in the seas which will help prevent

and maintain marine biodiversity. Lin, et al (2008) Tire rubber is flexible and has hydrophobic

(oil-philic) characteristics, making it a good candidate as an oil adsorbent. In this paper, the

possibility of applying waste tire powder as a sorbent for the recovery of spilled oil was explored.

The results indicate that 2.2 g of motor oil can be adsorbed to each gram of 20 mesh tire powder.

Due to its elastic property, waste tire powder is re-usable for over 100 times without decreasing its

oil absorption efficiency. Therefore, at least 220 g of motor oil can be recovered per gram of waste

tire powder, which is very competitive to commercial sorbent. The results of this study indicated

that sorption efficiency increased as the tire powder particle size decreased, and decreased as the

environmental temperature increases. When applying the waste tire powder to oil slicks on

seawater, the oil sorption efficiency is shown to be better than if it was on fresh water. Efforts have

been made to enhance the waste tire powder's oil sorption efficiency. Results indicated that the
highest efficiency was obtained when the waste tire powder was pre-cleaned by n-hexane,

followed by water cleaning > un-cleaned > dishwashing liquid cleaned > seawater cleaned.

Compared to a commercial oil sorbent, the result indicated that waste tire powder was

economically more feasible, if it was re-used for 100 times. More efforts are encouraged to

enhance the waste tire powder's oil sorption capacity without decreasing its re-usable

characteristics.

According to Donatelli, et al (2018) the production of activated carbon from waste tires by

means of a two-steps process: steam gasification of starting material followed by steam activation

of char. In particular the evaluation of the most appropriate hold time value for the activation step,

in terms of quality and amount of activated carbons produced, and the energy balance of the overall

process were performed. The hold time was choose as the best compromise between a high surface

area of final product and a not excessively low burn-off value. Investigations were carried out

through seven experimental tests on a pilot plant based on a rotary kiln reactor. Studies performed

pointed out that, when other process parameters were kept constant (in steam gasification:

temperature is 850 °C, steam to feed ratio is 1, mean residence time of material is 6 min, carrier

flowrate of N2 is 0.9 Nm3h−1; in steam activation: temperature is 920 °C, steam to char ratio is 2,

carrier flowrate of N2 is 1 Nm3h−1), a hold time in activation step set to 3 h is the best choice,

resulting in a surface area of 786 m2·g−1 and a burn-off value equal to 78.4%. Moreover, the

energy balance of the overall process which goes from waste tires to activated carbon was

performed: if 1 kg·h−1 of waste tires are gasified and activated for three hours, an input power of

3.5 kW is requested. After the experimental tests, a theoretical model was developed, based on the

Arrhenius equation whose parameters were determined from a sigmoidal regression of the

experimental data. The theoretical model showed results in good agreement with the experimental
data, especially for hold times greater than 2 h, and can represent a useful tool to make decision

choices.

And some studies shown significance in society such as Presti, et al (2021) Textile fibers

are another component derived from tire recycling typically disposed of in landfills or used in

energetic valorization. This paper wants to re-ignite interest in this secondary product by

evaluating its use as a valuable resource in asphalt mixtures. Indirect tensile tests, dynamic

modulus, fatigue resistance, and permanent deformation tests were performed on a series of AC14

asphalt mixtures manufactured with two binders, namely 50/70 and 35/50 pen, using several binder

and fiber contents. The results indicate that incorporating fibers of tire recycling is not problem-

free. Results have shown that can be advisable in pavement applications whenever the investigated

fiber-modified mixtures allowed to incorporate at least 6.5% binder content with great benefit for

pavement performance.

Local Literatures (Give at least 3)

According to Cabahug, et al (2016) the feasibility of crumb rubber material derived from

waste rubber tires to partially replace fine aggregates in the production of concrete hollow blocks

(CHB). Three mixtures in the proportions of 20%, 40% and 60% crumb rubber replacement were

evaluated for compressive strength of CHB at curing age of 7 days, 14 days and 28 days

respectively. A conventional CHB was also prepared to serve as basis for comparing

compressive strengths. Results revealed that all mixtures did not attain the standard minimum

requirements specified on NSCP on compressive strength of conventional load bearing concrete

hollow blocks. Results from this experimental investigation showed that by increasing

percentage replacement of fine aggregates with crumb rubber aggregates created proportional

reduction of the compressive strength making the CHB unable to attain required strength for

load-bearing structures.

In other studies, according to Danila, et al (2019) From an economic viewpoint, locally-

sourced carbon from recycled rubber was identified to be a potential filler substitute to

commercial carbon black in rubber tire. In this research, methodical measures were used to

compare several properties of rubber compounds reinforced with carbon from recycled rubber

(CRR) and commercial carbon black fillers to systematically qualify such substitution.

Thermogravimetric analysis elucidated the overall thermal stability of the compounds, the

degradation behavior of their components and the purity of the fillers used. Differential Scanning

Calorimetry and Rubber Process Analyzer test results revealed the difference in polymer network

contribution and filler-filler interaction observed in the compounds, which collectively described

the reinforcing effect of the fillers in the material. Conclusively, the difference in composition of

fillers used resulted in the alteration of reinforcing effects in the rubber compounds.

According to Barcala, et al (2016) This study determined the feasibility of producing an

eco-friendly product called ecotile made from High- Density Polyethelene (HDPE) plastic. Like

a gray ceramic tile with black spots, ecotile is smooth and shiny, and it is good for floor

finishing. BMM Enterprise would distribute the ecotiles to the different stores in Calamba City

and Sta. Rosa City, Laguna. Marketing survey showed the viability of the project for it would

supplement the demand for tiles. The project would cost Php 4,632,178.37 for the first year of

operation which included the acquisition of property and equipment, production expense, selling
and administrative expense and the contingency cost of 10%. Partners would combine their

financial resources and managerial abilities to operate the business.

Foreign Literatures (Give at least five from www or http)

According to Mater (2020). Studies have shown that the incorporation of waste tire

rubber aggregates reduces the strength, increases permeability and decrease thermal conductivity

of concrete. However, only a few studies have investigated the effect of surface-modified rubber

aggregates on the properties of concrete. This study investigates the effect of the surface treatment

of waste tire rubber as coarse aggregates with different oxidizing solutions and different treatment

durations on the mechanical, durability and thermal properties of concrete. The effect of these

treatments on the compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, water permeability, thermal

conductivity and diffusivity of concrete was investigated. Results show that Ca(ClO)2 has a more

positive effect on the strength and permeability compared to NaOH solution and water.

Experimental results were statistically analyzed using ANOVA and Post Hoc tests. The analyses

showed that the improvement of concrete strength is only significant when the treatment with

NaOH and Ca(ClO)2 is prolonged to 72 h. Furthermore, the microstructural analysis of concrete

showed that the improvement in the strength is due to the improved bonding between cement paste

and rubber aggregates as a result of surface treatment. This microstructural improvement also

resulted in lower water permeability of concrete. However, the thermal conductivity and

diffusivity increased when the surface treatment duration increases as there are less air voids in the

samples. This study shows that, with appropriate pretreatment, a certain percentage of natural

aggregates can be safely replaced with waste tire rubber aggregates while maintaining sufficient

quality of the resulting concrete.

 According to Genescà (2022) Rubber has great importance in the industrial field,

especially for cars (as tires), and regarding many other important applications with rubbers, which

vary greatly in scope. This Special Issue will analyze new techniques and strategies for treating,

recycling, valuing, and reusing rubber waste. The aim is to provide a broad vision of these new

techniques and strategies, and to evaluate the results of these techniques in order to give a second

life to these rubbers once they have served their primary use. This Special Issue will provide a

scientific perspective of these strategies to enable the reuse, valorization, and recycling of waste

rubber. Once their useful life has come to an end, rubber materials may present difficulties for

reuse or recycling. In 2017, 13% of US tires were sold in the used tire market after serving their

primary use. Of the tires that were scrapped, 43% were burnt as tire-derived fuel, with cement

manufacturing the largest user, while another 25% were used to make ground rubber, 8% were

used in civil engineering projects, 17% were disposed of in landfills, and 8% had other uses. Hence,

a topic of interest for this Special Issue is in the analysis of aspects related to the application of

new techniques or new uses, in addition to attempts to recycle, reuse, or other proposals to deal

with waste rubber. This Special Issue will focus on new treatments or uses for waste rubber, and

will be cover the recycling, reuse, and valorization of waste rubber.

This research focused on using ground tire rubber (GTR) with different grain sizes

as a replacement for the mineral aggregates used in a cement-based mixture suitable for extrusion-

based Additive Manufacturing. The use of two types of GTR particles and the possibility to apply

rubberized mixtures in advanced manufacturing technologies are the innovative aspects of this

work. At the base of this strategy is the possibility of achieving cementitious aggregates, which

would potentially be improved regarding some technological-engineering requirements (lightness,

thermal-acoustic insulation, energy dissipation capacity, durability) and environmentally

sustainable. The integration of waste tires into cement-based materials is a promising solution for

the reuse and recycling of such industrial waste. In addition, this approach may involve a

considerable reduction in the use of natural resources (sand, water, coarse mineral aggregates)

needed for the building materials production. The purpose of the research was to investigate the

effect of sand-GTR replacement on certain chemical-physical properties of mixtures (permeable

porosity, surface wetness, and water absorptivity), closely related to material durability. Besides,

the role of rubber on the printability properties of the fresh material was evaluated. GTR fillers do

not alter the rheological properties of the cement material, which was properly extruded with better

print quality than the reference mixture. Concerning chemical-physical characterization, the GTR

powder-granules synergy promotes good compaction of the mixture, hinders the cracks

propagation in the cement matrix, decreases the permeable porosity, improves the surface

hydrophobicity and preserves optimal water permeability. Sambucci et al. (2020)

Rubber has become an indispensable material for the technological

development of civilization, including simple balloon and complex rocket propellant. Rubber

Industry worldwide is using on an average 50% of raw materials. These materials were mostly

petroleum-based, except natural rubber (NR), steel cord and bead wire. Using of these petroleum-

based raw materials not only depletes natural resources, but also produces more extreme

environmental hazards. The waste tire rubber problem is of great magnitude and has far reaching

environmental and economic implications. There are some ways for recycling of rubber, such as

reclaiming technology, surface treatment, grinding and pulverization technology, devulcanization

technology. Methods of devulcanizing rubber (or elastomers) have been researched almost since
the time of the discovery of the rubber/sulfur vulcanization process. By devulcanization process

the cross-links in the structure of rubber are broken and devulcanized rubber can be revulcanized

into a raw material for rubber industry, which is a highly valued form of waste rubber. This study

provides a review of the recent advances in understanding of methods of recycling rubber and

claims that the capacity of thermomechanical and mechanochemical devulcanization methods of

recycling waste tire rubber can be improved in future studies. Gursel et al. (2018)

Environmental pollution caused by solid wastes is increasing in the last decades;

one of these is referred to automotive tires, which are recycled by different methods, including

mechanical grinding. One of the most recurrent applications is to use recycled particles as fillers

in building materials, as hydraulic concrete. Nevertheless, detrimental values on the mechanical

properties are obtained when they are added. For solving these problems, in this work, a novel

proposal is to modify the physicochemical properties of the waste automotive tire particles,

previously obtained by grinding process, by using gamma irradiation in order to use them as

reinforcements of hydraulic concrete. The results show that improvements on the mechanical

properties depend of gamma irradiation as well as concentration and size of waste tire particles.

Moreover, SEM images are related to mechanical properties; for instance, rough surface of the tire

particles changes when applying irradiation; more smooth surfaces are created, due to the cross-

linking of polymer chains. Nevertheless, for higher doses, cracks are observed which are produced

by scission of the polymer chains. Barrera et al. (2015).

 Chapter 3-Methodology

This chapter presents the methods on how the data from experiment are gathered and

analyzed. It explains also how the Rubber Tire Recycling Machine was fabricated. Finally, the

system design is briefly discussed with the use of diagrams.

3.1 Research Methodology

The study aims to reduce rubber waste and help people in the nearby dumpster area to have

a sustainable livelihood while helping reduce rubber waste. This study is conducted in nearby

dumpster are near CAMANAVA and is said to be in its experimental phase, the study is

continuously being change for the better adaptability of the workers around the dumpster area.

3.2 Data Processing and Analysis

LEAVE THIS AREA BLANK

3.3 Fabrication and Design of Rubber Tire Recycling Machine
Figure 1. The Rubber Tire Recycling Machine (Front View)
Figure 2. The Rubber Tire Recycling Machine (Top View)
Figure 3. The Rubber Tire Recycling Machine ( Components)
Figure 4. Rubber Tire Recycling Machine (General Dimensions)
Figure 5. Rubber Tire Recycling Machine (Dimensions of Components)
Project Components
1. Rotor - The rotor on a shredder has saw teeth cutters that mesh with knives to shred scrap and

waste.

2. Blades - Blades are at the heart of a shredder but must be chosen carefully to fit the material to

be shredded since not all blades can be used on all materials. They are made of hardened alloyed

steel and may be coated to add to their useful life.

3. Housing - The housing contains all of the components of the shredder and is made of heavy-

duty metal.

4. Motor - The motor on a shredder operates at a slow speed to lessen its stress. The slow rotating

speed and high torque allows the shredder to shred a variety of materials.

5. Power Systems - The two types of shredders are hydraulic and electric. Electric systems are

preferred since they take up less space and can process most materials. Hydraulic power is better

for heavy duty processing and can handle overloads from batch feeding.

6. Feeding - Batch and meter feeding are the most common feeding methods, where batch feeding

is designed to shred large quantities of material. Metered feeding is placing materials in the

shredder at an even flow and normally employs some form of conveyor.

7. Grabbing - This is the process whereby the shredder takes the material and pulls it down into

the cutting blades. Its function is determined by the size and shape of the cutter hook as well as the

texture and weight of the material.

8. Control Systems - With the advancement of technology, modern shredders for industrial use

have touch panel control systems that allow for in process adjustments to shredding eliminating

the need to access the mechanism to make changes and adjustments.

 Chapter 3-Methodology

Estimated Cost

Material Quantity Dimensions/Capacity Estimated Cost

6 mm Metal Sheet 1 2400 mm x 4000 mm PHP 5000.00

(Mild Steel)

Flat Bar 1 2 in. wide, 40 ft. long PHP 180.00

Angle Bar 1 2 in. wide, 40 ft. long PHP 360.00

Electric Motor 1 8 HP, 5240 rpm PHP 14255.00

100 mm x 12mm x
Hammer Mill Blade 20 PHP 4000.00
200mm

3
Main Shaft / Rotor 1 60 mm/ 1 𝑖𝑛 diameter PHP 1076.00
16

Pulleys 4 3 kilo PHP 300.00

V-Belt 2 ****** PHP 600.00

3 mm -Metal Slab 1 100mm x 100mm PHP 1237.00

Mini Rubberr Smelter 1 ******* PHP 39864.79

Molder * Different Sizes PHP 5000.00

Drying Rack 3 20m x 20 m PHP 2000.00

Bearings 2 60 mm diameter PHP 400.00

 Miscellaneous
(Welding rods, bolt and PHP 1500.00
****** ******
nuts, etc.)

TOTAL ESTIMATED COST: PHP 75,774.79

REFERENCE

Foreign Literatures (Give at least 10)

• Wang, Q.-Z., Wang, N.-N., Tseng, M.-L., Huang, Y.-M., & Li, N.-L. (2019,

November 21). Waste Tire Recycling Assessment: Road application potential and

carbon emissions reduction analysis of crumb rubber modified asphalt in China.

Journal of Cleaner Production. Retrieved March 11, 2022, from

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0959652619342817

• Medina, N. F., Flores-Medina, D., & Hernández-Olivares, F. (2016,

November 9). Influence of fibers partially coated with rubber from tire recycling

as aggregate on the acoustical properties of rubberized concrete. Construction

and Building Materials. Retrieved March 11, 2022, from

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0950061816317494

• Svoboda1, J., Vaclavik1, V., Dvorsky1, T., Klus1, L., & Zajac1, R. (2018,

July 1). IOPscience. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering.

Retrieved March 11, 2022, from https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1757-

899X/385/1/012057/meta

• Lin, C., Huang, C.-L., & Shern, C.-C. (2008, July 24). Recycling waste tire

powder for the recovery of oil spills. Resources, Conservation and Recycling.

Retrieved March 11, 2022, from

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0921344908000852

• Molino, A., Donatelli, A., Marino, T., Aloise, A., Rimauro, J., & Iovane, P.

(2017, November 6). Waste tire recycling process for production of steam

activated carbon in a pilot plant. Resources, Conservation and Recycling.

 Retrieved March 11, 2022, from

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0921344917303579

• Application of textile fibres from tire recycling in asphalt mixtures. Taylor &

Francis. (n.d.). Retrieved March 11, 2022, from

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14680629.2021.1972034

Local Literatures (Give at least 3)

• Danila1, E. C., Lanwang2, M., & Diaz1, L. L. (2019, May 1). IOPscience.
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. Retrieved March 17,
2022, from https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1757-
899X/540/1/012008/meta

• Mindanao Journal of Science and Technology. (n.d.). Retrieved March 17, 2022,
from https://mjst.ustp.edu.ph/index.php/mjst

• Philippine ejournals| Production and marketing of tiles ... (n.d.). Retrieved March
17, 2022, from https://ejournals.ph/article.php?id=11043

Foreign Literatures (Give at least five from www or http)

• International Journal of Polymer Science,

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/ijps/2015/234690/

• Periodicals of Engineering and Natural Sciences,

http://pen.ius.edu.ba/index.php/pen/article/view/167

• MDPI, https://www.mdpi.com/2313-4321/5/2/11/htm/

• MDPI, https://www.mdpi.com/journal/recycling/special_issues/rey_rubber_waste

• Frontiers in Materials,

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmats.2020.00090/full