‫}‪{Steady and un steady flow‬‬

‫صهيب خالد احمد‬ ‫االسم‬

‫‪Aerodynamic ll‬‬ ‫المادة‬
‫المرحلة‪/‬الفر ثالثة‪/‬طائرات‬
‫ع‬

‫‪page1‬‬
 ‫نبراس محمد‬.‫د‬ ‫المشرف‬

Introduction
stedy versus un steady flow models the traditional approach to river modeling
has been the use of hydrologic routing to determine discharge and steady flow
analysis to compute water surface faces ,this methode is a simplification of true
river hydraculies,which is more correctly representded by un steady flow
.nevertheless, the traditional analysis provides adequate answers in many cases
.this section identifies when to use un steady analysis

Steady flow

A steady flow is the one in which the quantity of liquid flowing per second
through any section, is constant.This is the definition for the ideal case. True
steady flow is present only in Laminar flow. In turbulent flow, there are continual
fluctuations in velocity. Pressure also fluctuate at every point. But if this rate of
change of pressure and velocity are equal on both sides of a constant average
value, the flow is steady flow. The exact term use for this is mean steady flow.
Un steady flow
low is one where the properties do depend on time. It is needless to say that any
start up process is unsteady. Many examples can be given from everyday life-
water flow out of a tap which has just been opened. This flow is unsteady to start
with, but with time does become steady. Some flows, though unsteady, become
steady under certain frames of reference. These are called pseudo steady flows.
On the other hand a flow such as the wake behind a bluff body is alwaysunsteady.

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Unsteady flows are undoubtedly difficult to calculate while with steady flows, we
have one degree less complexity

DIffrenet between steady flow and un steady flow

1- Steady flow

For steady flow, all fluid flow properties (e.g., velocity, temperature,

pressure, and density) are independent of time. That is,

where Φ represents a fluid property. The properties, however, may vary

from point to point, which means that they could be a function of space

(i.e., T = T(x, y, z), p = p(x, y, z) and ρ = ρ(x, y, z)). In the study of fluid

mechanics it is often assumed that the flow is steady to simplify the

analysis but yet give a realistic representation of the real flow field. This

is particularly true of basic books on Fluid mechanics, such as this

eBook.

On the other hand, most flows encountered in real world applications

are unsteady flows. It should be noted, steady flow does not mean the

velocity and accelerations are constant. Flow in a curved pipe or through

a nozzle may be steady, but the velocity and/or acceleration is not

constant. This is a common misconception based in part on particle

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dynamics for rigid bodies.

(Steady flow)1(‫) شكل رقم‬

2-un steady flow

For unsteady flow, the fluid properties are function of time (i.e., T =
T(x, y, z, t), p = p(x, y, z, t) and ρ = ρ(x, y, z, t)). Unsteady flows can be

further divided into periodic flow, no periodic flow and random flow.

The graphical representations of these flows are given in the figure. For

periodic flow, the property change is repeated in a predictable manner

whereas the fluid motion and properties are difficult to predict in

random flow as in turbulent flow.

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 Unsteady Flow: (a) Periodic Flow ( ‫شكل رقم‬
)2:
(b) Non-Periodic Flow and(c) Random
Flow

closely to the steady flow energy equation is relation between pressure , velocity
and elevation in a frictionless flow, now called Bernoulli equation

.for an unsteady frictionless flow

2 2

∫ dv dp 1
ds+∫ + ( v¿ ¿22 −v 21 )+ g (z2 −z1 )=0 ¿
1 dc 1 p 2

.for an steady frictionless flow

р1 1 2 р2 1 2
+ ( v 1) + g z1= + ( v 2 ) + g z 2=const
p 2 p 2

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Problem; Using the figure shown in the picture, find the
amount of water height in points y 1 and y2?

Conclusions

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Steady flow: flow properties at any given point in space are constant in
time
Unsteady flow: flow properties at any given point in space change with
time

References

[1]- Pijush K. Kundu 1990 “Fluid mechanics

[2]-M. Hanif Chaudhry “Open-Channel Flow”second edition

[3]- https://link.springer.com/

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