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GP CAPT NC CHATTOPADHYAY
Fluid Kinematics
Velocity Field
Continuity Equation
Fluid Kinematics
Streamline
Pathline
Streakline
In the Eulerian Method
Stream-tube
Continuity
Equation of a
Steady Flow
Stream-tube
Simply called flow rate The symbol normally used for discharge is Q. The
discharge is the volume of fluid flowing per unit time. Multiplying this by
the density of the fluid gives us the mass flow rate. Consequently, if the
density of the fluid for example is 850 and time is 1 sec for 0.857 cubic m
Derivation of the Continuity Equation
Similarly, the mass fluxes leaving the volume on the opposite faces are
CONTINUITY EQUATION
All of these added together must equal
the mass of fluid accumulating in the
volume,
The Continuity Equation may be simplified for some common flow situations
as follows. If the fluid may be treated as incompressible (as is the case with
water or in low velocity air flows), the density will be constant. The Continuity
Equation then becomes
CONTINUITY
Another example of the
use of the continuity
principle is to determine
the velocities in pipes
coming from a junction.
Total mass flow into the junction
= Total mass flow out of the
junction
r1Q1 = r2Q2 + r3Q3
When the flow is incompressible
(e.g. if it is water) r1 = r2 = r
PROBLEM
If pipe 1 diameter = 50mm,
mean velocity 2m/s, pipe 2
diameter 40mm takes 30% of
total discharge and pipe 3
diameter 60mm. What are the
values of discharge and mean
velocity in each pipe?
Practice numericals
As discussed