UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS-LEGAZPI

RAWIS, LEGAZPI CITY

COLLEGE OF HEALTH SCIENCES

MODULE 1A
PRETEST Instruction: Please choose the letter which represents the best answer:

1. The average age at which menarche (first menstruation) occurs

a. 9 years old c. 15 years old
b. 12 years old d. 17 years old
2. The four body structures which plays a major role in the physiology of menstruation
a. Uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes, vagina
b. Hypothalamus, ovaries, uterus, fallopian tubes
c. Pituitary gland, uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries
d. Hypothalamus, Pituitary gland, ovaries, uterus
3. Basic units of heredity that determines both the physical and cognitive characteristics of
people
a. Genes c. Sex links
b. Chromosomes d. Gametes
4. The most sensitive period in pregnancy wherein teratogens may cause abnormalities to
the growing fetus
a. First trimester c. Third trimester
b. Second trimester d. All the time
5. The following, except for one are chromosomal syndromes that may result from genetic
abnormalities during pregnancy
a. Down syndrome c. Trisomy 18
b. Twins. d. None of them

Video link: Race to life (httpswww.youtube.com/watch?v=GyvIf7fV0Po)

Reaction:

ACTIVITY 1: Fertilization myths

Response Statement Response After

Before the the Lesson
Lesson

YES 1. Phases of the moon affect menstruation NO

YES 2. Reproductive hormones need to be ‘in YES

balance’

SUBMITTED BY: NGO, AMIEL SIMON (2BSN1)

SUBJECT ADVISER: MA’AM MARIA TERESSA NICOMEDES
 UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS-LEGAZPI
RAWIS, LEGAZPI CITY
COLLEGE OF HEALTH SCIENCES
NO 3. Lying prone after sex increases chances of NO
becoming pregnant

YES 4. Women were never meant to go through NO

menopause

YES 5. The female orgasm can’t just be for NO

pleasure — it must be related to improving
the chance of pregnancy

NO 6. The human papillomavirus vaccine is NO

associated with premature ovarian failure

NO 7. Men stay fertile forever YES

HOOK UP ACTIVITY Score: 13/15

ACTIVITY 3- Article review

Genetic Modification of Preimplantation Embryo

(Article Review)

MORALITY & POSSIBILITY

With the advancement of Science and Technology, the human life is nothing but in
the pace of advancing in every aspect of Science. As we are in the 21 st century, we are greeted
with numerous discoveries, including one that brings hope for the future. In an article I have
read entitled, “ Genetic Modification of Pre-Implantation Embryos: Toward Adequate Human
Research Policies”, It has cited some key advantages on improving the overall welfare of the
human life. With the hope of eradicating genetic abnormalities, In-vitro fertilization of embryo
promises to bring a successful implantation to the bearing mother, lessening the possible
development of abnormalities on the child even before birth. With this advancement, we are
creating a better world, a better life, and a better chance of living without any irregularities for
them. While the current research efforts to modify human genes incorporate somatic cell gene
transfer intervention, somatic cells (nonreproductive) cells are being modified without sufficient
evidence of safety and efficacy, that is by attempting to successfully deliver decent functioning
of genes to children and adults. Somatic Cell Intervention has a lower chance of producing a
positive outcome since modification of genes are post-natal. Unlike the PMG, its efforts to alter
the genes of in-vitro is less likely to fail since genetic alterations at this stage produces positive
desired functional effect and compliance are high.

SUBMITTED BY: NGO, AMIEL SIMON (2BSN1)

SUBJECT ADVISER: MA’AM MARIA TERESSA NICOMEDES
 UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS-LEGAZPI
RAWIS, LEGAZPI CITY
COLLEGE OF HEALTH SCIENCES
With this great technological advancement on genetic engineering, different legal
human departments, however, are addressing their concerns due to its unethical actions and
dangers since there are still discrepancies.

BENEFITS

 Successful germ line interventions could enable a direct subject’s descendants to avoid
genetic disease, to avoid being a carrier of genetic disease, or to benefit from mental
and physical enhancements (Walters and Palmer 1997).
 The approach could enable someone with 2 copies of the gene for Huntington’s Disease
to have a biological child unaffected by the disease. It also could allow parents to
“enhance” their children by promoting resistance to HIV infection or cancer
(Capecci 2000)

DANGER

 If a germ line genetic modification had adverse effects, the burdens could fall not only on
direct subjects but on their descendants as well.
 Health and Welfare if later-born children would be a major ethical and policy concern.
 The current oversight system would be ill prepared to respond because of the gaps in
the current federal policies protecting human subjects, PGM studies might not receive
adequate scientific and ethical scrutiny
 Whether genetic modifications in embryos were safe and effective for clinical use,
regular deficiencies and to create an opportunity to remedy the problems before PGM
studies are undertaken.
 Although numerous studies have been conducted since 1990, the approach has fallen
short of earlier expectations. To date, no somatic cell intervention has produced
sufficient evidence of safety and efficacy to gain approval for clinical use (FDA 2000).

NURSING CARE PLAN

Scenario: Mrs. Cruz, a 19-year old, came to the health center for prenatal checkup. She is on
her second month of pregnancy and with complaints of frequent vomiting and dizziness.
Although she does not smoke but their clients in the videoke bar does. She also drinks
occasionally when offered by clients. She would not have seek prenatal check-up if not for her
problems. Upon assessment, her BP was 90/60mmHg, RR- 110 bpm and PR 98bpm.

SUBMITTED BY: NGO, AMIEL SIMON (2BSN1)

SUBJECT ADVISER: MA’AM MARIA TERESSA NICOMEDES
 UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS-LEGAZPI
RAWIS, LEGAZPI CITY
COLLEGE OF HEALTH SCIENCES

ASSESSMENT DIAGNOSING PLANNING IMPLEMENTATION EVALUATION

Subjective: Nursing Dx Patient Goal COLLABORATIVE After 2 hours of
 Complain  Risk for After 2 hours of 1) Determine Nursing
s of fetal Nsg. Intervention, and note Intervention, the
frequent defects the following goals conditions patient was able to
vomiting R/t will be met: that successfully:
and exposur  Patient will resulted to  Verbalize
dizziness. e to be mindful frequent understandi
 Drinks smoke and be dizziness ng of the
occasiona and aware of and possible
lly when alcohol the risks vomiting. risks and
offered by as and complicatio
clients. evidenc possible 2) Monitor ns
 Does not ed by complicati Vital Signs.  Adapt on
smoke Vomitin ons to her Rationale: To detect the
but g and child. and monitor any treatment
clients in Dizzines  Patient will medical problems regimen in
the s continue to and to obtain provide
videoke  Deficien provide a Baseline data. safe
bar does. t safe pregnancy
knowled pregnancy. 3) Monitor her  Prevent any
Objective: ge R/t  Patient will on-going complicatio
 Name: poor be free fetal ns or risks
Mrs. Cruz awarene from developme acquired
 Age: ss on Vomiting nt. from little
19y/o risks of and Rationale: To ensure awareness
VITAL SIGNS smoke Dizziness that the growth and from
 BP- and  Patient’s development are in
90/60mm alcohol vital signs normal condition.
Hg intake will
 RR- resume to 4) Encourage
110bpm its normal patient to
 PR- state. postpone or
98bpm eliminate
activity
from work.
Rationale: To avoid
areas highly
exposed on smoke
and alcohol.
5) Encourage
patient to
eliminate

SUBMITTED BY: NGO, AMIEL SIMON (2BSN1)

SUBJECT ADVISER: MA’AM MARIA TERESSA NICOMEDES
UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS-LEGAZPI
RAWIS, LEGAZPI CITY
COLLEGE OF HEALTH SCIENCES
drinking of
alcohol and
staying on
highly
smoking
area.
Rationale:
Drinking and
Smoking can
lead to
miscarriage,
health issues,
and may get
genetic
abnormalities.

6) Encourage
patient to
sleep at
least 8 hrs.
a day.
Rationale:
Sleeping helps
to reduce stress
and improves
health
circulation.

7) Reinforce
the
importance
of adhering
to
treatment
regimen
and keeping
follow up
appointmen
ts.
Rationale: To
reduce the risk
of pregnancy
complications.

8) Instruct in
and
encourage

SUBMITTED BY: NGO, AMIEL SIMON (2BSN1)

SUBJECT ADVISER: MA’AM MARIA TERESSA NICOMEDES
 UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS-LEGAZPI
RAWIS, LEGAZPI CITY
COLLEGE OF HEALTH SCIENCES
used of
relaxation
technique
such as
breathing,
imaging,
and
listening to
music.

9) Provide
comfort
measures.

Learning Skills
A bit
confused

Perfect!
Can’t understand


1. I CAN IDENTIFY the
periods when the
developing body
systems of the fetus
are most susceptible to
genetic disorders.


2. I CAN COMPARE
different theories of
procreation.


3. I CAN CONSTRUCT
appropriate nursing
diagnosis and nursing
measures to prevent

SUBMITTED BY: NGO, AMIEL SIMON (2BSN1)

SUBJECT ADVISER: MA’AM MARIA TERESSA NICOMEDES
 UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS-LEGAZPI
RAWIS, LEGAZPI CITY
COLLEGE OF HEALTH SCIENCES
genetic alterations.


4. I CAN RECOGNIZE
environmental hazards
that may predispose
genetic abnormalities

POST TEST: Please choose the letter which represents the best answer

1. The first menstruation which occurs during the age of puberty

a. Adrenarche c. Telarche
b. Menarche d. Menorrhea
2. The four body structures which plays a major role in the physiology of menstruation
a. Uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes, vagina
b. Hypothalamus, ovaries, uterus, fallopian tubes
c. Pituitary gland, uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries
d. Hypothalamus, Pituitary gland, ovaries, uterus
3.) This determines both the physical and cognitive characteristics of people
a. Gametes c. Sex links
b. Chromosomes d. Genes

4.) Teratogens may greatly cause abnormalities to the growing fetus during this stage
a. First trimester c. Third trimester
b. Second trimester d. All the time
c.
5.) The most common genetic abnormality that may occur during pregnancy is
a. Down syndrome c. Trisomy 18
b. Twins d. None of them

SUBMITTED BY: NGO, AMIEL SIMON (2BSN1)

SUBJECT ADVISER: MA’AM MARIA TERESSA NICOMEDES