UTA013

Engineering Design Project-I

“Dynamics for the Mangonel-NO DRAG”.

Mr. A.S. Jawanda

Assistant Professor
Mechanical Engineering Department
Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala

Page 1
Objective

A small model Mangonel

Page 2
Objective

Can we predict the distance?

Page 3
Objective

A larger version!
Page 4
Objective

What are the factors that control the

distance? (The dynamics)
Page 5
Modelling
Bigger means further?
Some of the issues related to
scaling up are discussed in lecture “L5
Drawings and Assembly instructions
_TheMightyRomanMangonel” page 10.
(Reflect on these)

Page 6
Modelling
For a given “size”, can we maximise the
distance?
What are the key parameters that
control the distance?
Can we formulate a model that will help
us design our Mangonel?

Page 7
Modelling
Horizontal Distance of travel = D
Launch Velocity = v
Angle of launch = θ
Acceleration due to gravity = g

Page 8
Fundamentals
force = mass x acceleration (ma)
work = force x distance (Fs)
energy== work
power = rate of work (work/time)

Page 9
Derived Units
Force (1N=1kgm/s2)
Work (1J=1Nm=1kgm2/s2)
Energy (J)
Power (1W=1J/s)

Page 10
Dynamics
Starting with some basic equations

Speedav=distance/time
Accelerationav=velocity/time

Page 11
Dynamics
Can derive equations for linear motion
(for constant acceleration)
u=initial velocity
v=u+at v=final velocity
s=ut+1/2at2 t=time duration
v2=u2+2as a=acceleration
s=distance travelled

Page 12
Dynamics
Example 1: (1-D)
Kick a ball straight up. Given a
given initial velocity, how high will it
go?

Page 13
Dynamics
Example 1: (1-D) v=0 (at top)

Use equation:
v2=u2+2as s=? a=-g

s=u2/2g

u
Page 14
Dynamics
Example 2: (1-D)
Drop a rock from a cliff. How long
will it take to hit the ground/sea?

Page 15
Dynamics
Example 2: (1-D)

Page 16
Dynamics
Example 2: (1-D) u=0 (at top)

Use equation:
s=ut+1/2at2 s=? t (from stopwatch)

s=1/2at2

Page 17
Dynamics
Example 2: (1-D)
Example Result: t=3s =>s=44m

However!
s=1/2at2
t=2.5s =>s=31m
u=0 (at top)
t=3.5s =>s=60m

s=? t (from stopwatch) Sensitive to error: proportional to

square of t!

Page 18
Dynamics
Can we use these equations to model
the trajectory of the missile?
And hence predict the distance?

A 2-D problem!

Page 19
 Dynamics

Page 20
 Dynamics
3 4

y 2

s
1 x

Discretise the curve

Page 21
 Dynamics
3 4

y 2 v3 v4
v2

1 x
v1

Not u and v now but

v1, v2, v3, v4, etc…..

Page 22
 Dynamics
3 4

y 2

s1 s1y
1 x
s1x
We can decompose vectors (v, s, a)
into x, y components

Page 23
Dynamics

v=u+at becomes: Acceleration is constant (for

no drag of lift – we’ll return
•vx2=vx1+ax1Δt to this point later)
ax=0!
•vy2=vy1+ay1Δt ay=-g

s=ut+1/2at2 becomes: t2-t1= Δt (keep time interval

constant)

•Δsx=vx1Δt+1/2ax1Δt2
•Δsy=vy1Δt+1/2ay1Δt2
Page 24
Dynamics – Assignment1
Use Excel to study trajectory of missile

Page 25
Dynamics

Input Data Position t x y vx vy ax ay

Vel 10.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 8.66 5.00 0.00 -9.81
delt t 0.01 2.00 0.01 0.09 0.05 8.66 4.90 0.00 -9.81
theta (degrees) 30.00
theta (radians) 0.52

t2=t1+Δt

Page 26
Dynamics

Input Data Position t x y vx vy ax ay

Vel 10.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 8.66 5.00 0.00 -9.81
delt t 0.01 2.00 0.01 0.09 0.05 8.66 4.90 0.00 -9.81
theta (degrees) 30.00
theta (radians) 0.52

x2=x1+vx1Δt+1/2ax1Δt2

Page 27
Dynamics

Input Data Position t x y vx vy ax ay

Vel 10.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 8.66 5.00 0.00 -9.81
delt t 0.01 2.00 0.01 0.09 0.05 8.66 4.90 0.00 -9.81
theta (degrees) 30.00
theta (radians) 0.52

y2=y1+vy1Δt+1/2ay1Δt2

Page 28
Dynamics

Input Data Position t x y vx vy ax ay

Vel 10.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 8.66 5.00 0.00 -9.81
delt t 0.01 2.00 0.01 0.09 0.05 8.66 4.90 0.00 -9.81
theta (degrees) 30.00
theta (radians) 0.52

vx2=vx1+ax1Δt

Page 29
Dynamics

Input Data Position t x y vx vy ax ay

Vel 10.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 8.66 5.00 0.00 -9.81
delt t 0.01 2.00 0.01 0.09 0.05 8.66 4.90 0.00 -9.81
theta (degrees) 30.00
theta (radians) 0.52

vy2=vy1+ay1Δt

Page 30
Dynamics

Input Data Position t x y vx vy ax ay

Vel 10.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 8.66 5.00 0.00 -9.81
delt t 0.01 2.00 0.01 0.09 0.05 8.66 4.90 0.00 -9.81
theta (degrees) 30.00
theta (radians) 0.52

Const=0!

Page 31
Dynamics

Input Data Position t x y vx vy ax ay

Vel 10.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 8.66 5.00 0.00 -9.81
delt t 0.01 2.00 0.01 0.09 0.05 8.66 4.90 0.00 -9.81
theta (degrees) 30.00
theta (radians) 0.52

Const=-g

Page 32
Dynamics

Copy formula
Input Data Position t x y vx vy ax ay
down
Vel
delt t
10.00
0.01
1.00
2.00
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.09
0.00
0.05
8.66
8.66
5.00
4.90
0.00
0.00
-9.81
-9.81
theta (degrees) 30.00 3.00 0.02 0.17 0.10 8.66 4.80 0.00 -9.81
theta (radians) 0.52 4.00 0.03 0.26 0.15 8.66 4.70 0.00 -9.81
5.00 0.04 0.35 0.19 8.66 4.61 0.00 -9.81
6.00 0.05 0.43 0.24 8.66 4.51 0.00 -9.81
7.00 0.06 0.52 0.28 8.66 4.41 0.00 -9.81
8.00 0.07 0.61 0.33 8.66 4.31 0.00 -9.81
9.00 0.08 0.69 0.37 8.66 4.21 0.00 -9.81
10.00 0.09 0.78 0.41 8.66 4.11 0.00 -9.81
11.00 0.10 0.87 0.45 8.66 4.02 0.00 -9.81
12.00 0.11 0.95 0.49 8.66 3.92 0.00 -9.81
13.00 0.12 1.04 0.53 8.66 3.82 0.00 -9.81
14.00 0.13 1.13 0.57 8.66 3.72 0.00 -9.81
15.00 0.14 1.21 0.60 8.66 3.62 0.00 -9.81
Page 33
16.00 0.15 1.30 0.64 8.66 3.53 0.00 -9.81
17.00 0.16 1.39 0.67 8.66 3.43 0.00 -9.81
18.00 0.17 1.47 0.71 8.66 3.33 0.00 -9.81
Dynamics
Input Data Position t x y vx vy ax ay
Vel 10.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 8.66 5.00 0.00 -9.81
delt t 0.01 2.00 0.01 0.09 0.05 8.66 4.90 0.00 -9.81
theta (degrees) 30.00 3.00 30.01 0.17 0.10 8.66 4.80 0.00 -9.81
theta (radians) 0.52 4.00 30.53 0.26 0.15 8.66 4.70 0.00 -9.81
5.00 1.40
30.53 0.35 0.19 8.66 4.61 0.00 -9.81
6.00 30.53 0.43 0.24 8.66 4.51 0.00 -9.81
7.00 1.20
30.53 0.52 0.28 8.66 4.41 0.00 -9.81
8.00 30.53 0.61 0.33 8.66 4.31 0.00 -9.81

Plot x versus y 9.00 1.00

30.53 0.69 0.37 8.66 4.21 0.00 -9.81
10.00 30.53 0.78 0.41 8.66 4.11 0.00 -9.81

using chart 11.00 0.80

30.53 0.87 0.45 8.66 4.02 0.00 -9.81
12.00 30.53 0.95 0.49 8.66 3.92 0.00 -9.81

wizard
13.00 0.60
30.53 1.04 0.53 8.66 3.82 0.00 -9.81
14.00 30.53 1.13 0.57 8.66 3.72 0.00 -9.81
15.00 0.40
30.53 1.21 0.60 8.66 3.62 0.00 -9.81
16.00 30.53 1.30 0.64 8.66 3.53 0.00 -9.81
17.00 0.20
30.53 1.39 0.67 8.66 3.43 0.00 -9.81
18.00 30.53 1.47 0.71 8.66 3.33 0.00 -9.81
19.00 0.00
30.53 1.56 0.74 8.66 3.23 0.00 -9.81
20.00 30.53
0.00 1.65
2.00 0.77
4.00 8.66
6.00 3.13
8.00 0.00
10.00 -9.81
21.00 30.53 1.73 0.80 8.66 3.04 0.00 -9.81
22.00 30.53 1.82 0.83 8.66 2.94 0.00 -9.81

Page 34
Assignment 1
Mangonel Dynamics Design Tool using Excel
Work in groups and/or individually in computer rooms today and during week to

1.Create excel spreadsheet as demonstrated

2.Plot x versus y
3.Study effect of changing velocity
4.Study effect of changing angle

An assignment will be set based on this work. Assignment to be submitted

individually – no copying!

Page 35
 Good luck!

Reference Lectures by Dr. Gareth J. Bennett

Trinity College Dublin

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