Assignment 1

Name : SaifAli Chogle

Roll No. : 12CO27
Topic – AI in Autonomous Cars

Abstract :
With the advancement of technology, the use of computers and smart devices is
increasing day by day. Increased usage and desire trigger the next step by making
life easier. At this point, artificial intelligence, which aims to solve problems and
eliminate requests, comes into play. In this section, first of all, artificial
intelligence is explained and general usage areas are explained with examples.
The objectives and levels of natural language processing (NLP), which is one of the
subfields of artificial intelligence, are mentioned. The classification of robots is
given in detail by making the most important definitions about the very popular
robotic field that attracts everyone’s attention. Image preprocessing, image
enhancement, image separation, feature extraction, and image classification
techniques are explained by explaining the logic of image processing, which is one
of the most important subfields of artificial intelligence. Problem solving, which is
the basic task of artificial intelligence, is explained in detail. Optimization related
to problem solving is defined and applications related to this field are given with
examples. Finally, today’s technology and autonomous systems that we will be
more closely integrated in the future are explained in detail.
Introduction:
Autonomous vehicles are automobiles that can go on the road without the
intervention of the driver by detecting the road, traffic flow, and environment
without the need of a driver thanks to the automatic control systems.
Autonomous vehicles can detect objects around them by using technologies and
techniques such as radar, light detection and ranging (LIDAR), GPS, odometry, and
computer vision. Let us see detailed information about the sensors.

LIDAR, which stands for light detection and ranging, was developed in 1960s for
the detection of airborne submarines and started to be used in 1970s. In the
following years, there has been an increase in the usage area and types of sensors
using LIDAR technique, both from air and land. An LIDAR instrument principally
consists of a laser, scanner, and specialized GPS .

Both natural and manmade environments can be displayed by LIDAR. In a study, it

is said to be very advantageous to use LIDAR for the emergency response
operations.
Artificial Intelligence in Autonomous Vehicle:
An Artificial Intelligence (AI) model for Autonomous Vehicle (AV) includes three
steps:
(1) Data collection, (2) Path planning, (3) Act

Step 1: Data Collection

AVs are equipped with multi-sensors and devices such as radars, cameras, and
communication to produce a huge data from its vehicle and environment. These
AVs data include the road, road infrastructure, other vehicles and every other
object on/near the road, parking, traffic information, transport and
environmental information just similar to a human driver. These data are then will
be sent to be processed as AV updated information. This is the first AV
communication with specific vehicle situations and environment conditions.

Step 2: Path Planning

The huge data from AV system will store and add with pervious driving
experiences from every ride in a database called Big Data. Also, an AI agent acts
on the Big Data to make meaningful decisions through strategy control. The
control strategy of path planning for AVs enables self-driving vehicles to find the
safest, most convenient, and most economically beneficial routes from point A to
point B by using the pervious driving experiences which help the AI agent make
much more accurate decisions in the future

Step 3: Act
Based on the decisions made by the AI agent, the AV is able to detect objects on
the road, maneuver through the traffic, parking spot, obstacles, entertainment,
traffic lights, bicycle, pedestrians, working areas, weather conditions, and other
vehicles without human driver interposition and goes to the destination safely.
Conclusion:

It seems that we are standing at the point on the timeline where it is difficult to
foresee the future of humanity in the context of Artificial Intelligence. We always
embrace new technologies which seemed to be changing our way of living.
However, the important fact here is that the kind of change we are embracing
must bring a positive outcome for the welfare of society and eventually of
humanity. Artificial intelligence is the kind of change which we certainly should
not take for granted. It is different than any other technology which humanity has
ever developed and the fact which makes it unique is its ability to act
autonomously. It is the change which not only starts exhibiting soon itspositive
impact on society but severely negative impacts, too. So, if we are embracing it as
a change which is expected to change the way we live, then we should be happily
ready to face the consequences whether it is related to employment, privacy, or
eventually the very existence of humanity. However, whatever the case will
eventually be, we certainly need a legal policy framework which can make sure to
mitigate the challenges associated with AI and compensate the affected parties in
case of a fatal error

Video Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aNkKZuKbVKc