Prepared by

PATEL UTSAV
And
AMIN DHRUV
HANDLING OF COAL IN THERMAL
POWER PLANT

1) Out-Plant Handling
2)In-Plant Handling
Introduction…
 Thermal power plant use fossil fuels, i.e.
1) Solid fuel such as coal
2) Liquid fuel such as oil
3) Gaseous fuel such as gas

 The choice of fuels, their preparation and

feeding, and their methods of firing deserve
special attention for a power plant.
 since our country is deficient in petroleum products,
the main fuel use in steam power plant is coal.
Main target :
To receive, process ,stored and feed coal.
Bunkering of coal.
Unloading of coal.
Stacking of coal.

Constituents of coal:-
Carbon:-42.9%
Hydrogen:-2.96%
Nitrogen:-0.91%
Sulphur:-0.33%
 The coal handling facility is the life line of a
coal-fueled power plant.

 Modern plants have high coal demands due

to increase in sizes of turbine generator
units.

 Thus, coal handling facilities have to

become more flexible, more reliable, and
capable of handling larger quantities of coal
in less time than ever before.
OUT-PLANT HANDLING OF COAL…
 Define :-
The transportation of coal from coal mines to
power plant is known as out-plant coal handling.

 Due to increase in power plant capacity the coal

requirements per day are considerably large.
 The mode of transporting coal from the
mines to the power plant is determine by the
location of the plant relative to the location
of mines and also by the available practical
methods of transportation such as i.e.

 Sea or river (waterways)

 Railways
 Highways(roads)
 conveyors
 Use at plant
Transportation Boats/barges
near the sea
by waterways shore/river
bank

Important for
Transportation Trains
plants which
by rail are located
interior

Transportation Mostly use

Truck were roads are
by road provided
 Distance b/w
Transportation ropeway
mine and plant
by ropeways is less than 10
km.

Transportation Anywhere we
pipeline can fix the
by pipeline pipeline
TRANSPORTATION BY
WATERWAYS…
 If the power plant is situated on the bank of
river or near sea shore, it is often economical
to transport coal in boats or barges.
 It is then unloaded mechanically by cranes
or grab buckets.
 Then it is placed in storage yard or directly
to the conveyor system to be carried to
power plant.
TRANSPORTATION BY RAIL…
 In India, the coal supply to power plants is
mainly by railways.
 This mode of transport plays very important
role for power plant which are located interior.
 A railway sliding line is taken into the power
station and coal is delivered either in the storage
yard or close to the point of consumption.
 The capacity of the railway siding should be
equal to three days requirement of the plant.
TRANSPORTATION BY ROAD…
 The transportation of coal by road is
possible for small and medium size plant
only due to traffic restrictions and
transportation cost.

 The great advantage of this system is that

the coal can be carried directly into the
power house up to the point of
consumption.
TRANSPORTATION BY
ROPEWAYS…
 The transportation of coal by ropeways is
particularly used when the distance b/w the
mine and power plant is less than 10 km.

 This mode of transportation is very efficient.

 It supplies the coal continuously and free

from worker’s strike.
TRANSPORTATION BY
PIPELINE…
 The power plants are far away from the coal
mines and the existing railway facilities are
not sufficient to cope with the increasing
demands in the most of the countries.
 The transportation of coal by pipe line is
considered most speedy and efficient
method among all available.
 In this mode of coal transportation, coal
slurries from remote mine are supplied to
power plant by pipe line.
ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES OF
PIPELINE TRANSPORTATION…
 Advantages
 It is unaffected by
variation of climate &
weather.
 Capable of transporting
very large quantities of
coal.
 Noise and dust problem is
considerably reduced.
 Men power requirement is
low.
 Disadvantages
 It requires high capital
&operating cost.
 It requires large quantity of
water as 1 kg of coal
requires 1 kg of water.
 Power plant must be able
to use coal with added
surface moisture.
STORAGE OF COAL…
Purpose of coal storage

 To store the coal for a period of 30-90

Days, therefore the plant is not require to be
shut down due to failure of coal supply.

 To permit choice of the date of purchase

allowing the management to take advantage
of seasonal market conditions in price of
coal.
 Storage of coal is primarily a matter of
production against coal strikes, failure of
transportation system & general coal shortages.
 It cost more as there is risk of spontaneous
combustion, interest on capital cost of coal,
possibility of loss & deterioration during storage,
handling cost required by storage & reclamation,
cost of area required & many others.
 10% of annual conception is sufficient in most of
the cases, although the factors such as nearness
coalfields, transportation facilities & weathering
effects on coal must also be considered.
 Storage of
coal

Dead
Live/active
/outdoor
storage
storage

Heaps/piles Under water

storage storage
DEAD/OUTDOOR STORAGE…
 In this storage, the coal required at the
power plant is stored in dead storage in the
form piles lid directly on the ground.
 The coal stored has tendency to combine
with oxygen of air & during this process call
loss sum of its heating value and ignition
quality.
 Due to oxidation the coal may ignite
spontaneously.
 This can be avoided by storing coal in
following ways……
1)STOCKING THE COAL IN
HEAPS OR PILES
 Generally concrete floored area is used to prevent
the flow of air from the bottom for stocking the
coal.
 Coal is stored in the form of heaps or piles up to a
height of 10-12 m directly on the concrete ground.
 During storage of coal in heaps the coal should
be compacted in layer of 15-30 cm in thickness. It
effectively prevents the air circulation in the
interior of pile.
 Second method of removing the heat of
oxidation is the air is, allowed to move through
the layers evenly so that air may remove the
heat of reaction and avoid burning.

 The sealing stored pile is desirable in order to

avoid the oxidation of coal after packing an air
tight layer of coal.

 Asphalt, fine coal dust, & bituminous coating

are the materials commonly used for these
purpose.
 2)UNDER WATER STORAGE
 The possibility of slow oxidation and
spontaneous combustion can be completely
alimented by storing the coal under water.
 Following points should be kept in mind during
selecting the site for storage and piling :
 Coal should be stored on solid ground free from water.
 The coal handling coast should be minimum.
 Fire fitting equipment must be available near the storage.
 The piles should be built up as far as possible compact.
The coal storage area should be cleared of all
foreign matter having a low ignition temp.
LIVE/ACTIVE STORAGE
 Live coal storage implies the reclaiming and
combustion of coal that has been stored for only a
relatively short time, usually less than a weak.
 Coal from a live coal storage pile is usually supplied
to combustion equipment without the use of
mobile equipment.
 The coal is usually stored in the vertical cylinder
bunkers or coal bins or silo. Coal from silo is
transferred to the boiler greet.
 Live coal storage bunkers are normally constructed
with a diamond shaped cross section storage area.
 The storage bunkers are made of steel or reinforced
concrete to store the live coal.
THANK YOU
FOR YOUR
ATTENTION