UNIVERSITY OF DAR ES SALAAM

BUSINESS SCHOOL
DEPARTMMENT OF GENERAL MANAGEMENT

COURSE CODE: MK 314

COURSE NAME: LEADERSHIP AND SUPERVISORY SKILLS

COURSE INSTRUCTOR: DR. GLADNESS SALEMA

TYPE OF WORK: GROUP WORK

GROUP PARTICIPANTS

NAME REG. NUMBER COURSE

MAUGO ALEX 2017-04-07852 BCOM IN HRM

NELSON HILKIA 2017-04-07882 BCOM IN HRM

NTENGO AGNESS E 2017-04-11981 BCOM IN HRM

KADAGALA NEEMA 2017-04-07864 BCOM IN HRM

JULIUS GLORIA 2017-04-07856 BCOM IN HRM

QUESTION

With examples, explain under which conditions employee oriented is more effective and under which
conditions production oriented is more effective.
A contingency theory is an organizational theory that claims behavior of leader depend on a
certain condition or situation that influence a behavior. There is no linear relationship between
behavior and the leader reaction. The theory assume that the leader’s ability to lead is contingent
upon various situational factors including the leader’s preferred style like production oriented
and employee oriented, the capability and behavior of the followers and also various other
situation factors.

Production oriented is management philosophy used in a company whereby choose to ignore

their employee’s needs and focus on efficiently building a quality product. This type of
organization believes that if they can make the best mousetrap, their customers will come to
them. Leader focus on complete tasks and also the won’t involve employees participation they
will just give the employee the schedule of what is supposed to be done and when the task is
needed to be completed so as to meet the deadline, production oriented or task oriented
emphasizing the use of rules, procedures and close supervision of subordinates, hence they more
focused on production needs.

Employee oriented that is relationship oriented emphasizing concern for employee welfare,
needs, advancement and personal growth. Management or leader are more focused on employee
satisfaction and participate together with employee in achieving the organization objectives or
goals. This management philosophy it’s increase motivation to the employees which may lead to
increase in production. The following are conditions where employee and production oriented is
more effective in the organization.

Production oriented is more effective under the following conditions;

In situations where the deadline is suppose to be meet; when meeting a deadline the
production oriented is more effective in this condition organization can use production oriented
in order to accomplish the task at hand, they will deploy all the efforts to the production process
so as to meet the particular deadline, for example in the banks organization the management can
use production oriented in situation like this so as to ensure good services to their clients or
customers on time.

Production oriented is effective when employees show enthusiasm towards their work but have a
little technical knowledge of their job tasks: under this condition happen when employees have
strong desire and feeling on the job but they lack skills, knowledge in the performing of the job,
the situation will force a leader and management of the organization to use production oriented
in order to achieve the main objectives of the organization by increasing the production capacity.

Production oriented is more effective when employee show little motivation: under the condition
of little motivation of employees towards their works can force management and organization
leader to use production oriented approach in order to increase the organization production

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capacity. Employee little motivation can be caused by job dissatisfaction, poor job design,
employee conflict and poor compensation system.

Production oriented is more effective when there is employee incapability: this situation can
force leader of the organization to use production oriented since employees lack ability to
achieve efficiently in the production activities. For example in the banking sector a leader can
use this approach in the banking in order to control his or her employees to be more productive
and attain organization objectives.

Employee oriented is more effectives under the following conditions

Employee turnover reduction: employee oriented is more effective when organization wants to
solve the problem of turnover rate, where by management need to value their employees by
developing attractive rewards packages system such as salary and wages increases and providing
special privileges to employee’s development. These are used in the banking sector where by
management value employees as the part and parcel of the organization.

In condition of increasing motivation of employees;- when an organization wants to increase

employees motivation in the organization employee oriented approach is more effective because
the leaders are more focused on the needs of the employees and are concerned of their welfare of
which this will lead to employees to become more motivated in performing activities that lead to
achieving organizational goals since they will see that the leaders care about them and hence
employee motivation will increase.

In condition whereby organization employ new talented employees, since employee oriented
management style tends to energize employees because it make them appreciated for the work
they do and make employee feel that the make difference in the organization which result to
better effort to increase overall performance of the organization.

Generally production and employee oriented are both management philosophy, focus or state of
mind which help organization in improving their productivity which may result in profit
maximization as well as the growth and survival of the organization.

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REFERENCES