CISTEM’18 - Algiers, Algeria, October 29-31, 2018
A Robust Control Strategy for Three Phase Voltage
Source PWM Rectifier Connected to a PMSG Wind
Energy Conversion System
Youcef SAIDI Abdelkader MEZOUAR
Lab. of Electro-Tech. Eng Lab. of Electro-Tech. Eng
Faculty of Technology Faculty of Technology
Tahar Moulay University Tahar Moulay University
Saida (20000), Algeria Saida (20000), Algeria
saidi_ youcef_20@yahoo.com a.mezouar@yahoo.fr
Abstract— Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator
(PMSG) has been widely used in variable-speed Wind Energy
Conversion System (WECS). Fuzzy logic control (FLC) of the
generator side converter (rectifier) has the ability to have a
good regulation of the DC link voltage regardless of the
disturbances caused by the characteristics of the drive train.
The main focus of this paper is to present a model for a voltage
source rectifier which is connected to a PMSG in a wind
turbine system, where a FLC based on Voltage Oriented
Control (VOC) strategy is used to control the mentioned
rectifier. The simulation results, using Matlab/Simulink, are
presented to show the validity of the proposed model for the
PWM rectifier compared to those obtained from the PI
controller, and to evaluate the performance of the control
strategy.
Keywords— Voltage Oriented Control (VOC) ; Permanent
Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG); Wind Energy
Conversion System (WECS); Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC).
I. INTRODUCTION
Recently, the AC-DC converter applications are
increasing in industry, commerce and house utility.
Traditionally, the main parts of converters have been the
diodes and thyristors bridges to rectify the AC power. These
rectifiers have the advantages of being simple, robust and
having low cost. However, they generate harmonics and
reactive power in AC side, which results voltage distortion,
poor power factor at power supply side and slowly varying
rippled DC output at DC side. Therefore, a three-phase
PWM rectifier is a more interesting solution for industrial
applications, since it has more advantages such as adjustment
and stabilization of DC-link voltage, sinusoidal line current,
power factor control and bidirectional power flow [1-3]. One
of the most important industrial applications is wind energy,
among different wind power generation systems, variable-
speed wind turbine generators (VS-WTG) have attracted
great interests because of their high energy production
efficiency and low torque spikes [4]. The VS-WTG can
operate in the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) mode
to capture the maximum wind energy [5, 6]. Nowadays, there
are two types of generators which are used in large scale
wind turbines to transform the wind power into electrical
energy, such as: doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) and
permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) [6, 7].
Because of its ability to operate in all wind speed range and
do not require excitation current, PMSG shows good
performance in wind farm. As the fast development of wind
power technology, the efficiency of converter device in wind
978-1-5386-4988-6/18/$31.00 ©2018 IEEE
Yahia MILOUD Mohammed Amine
Lab. of Electro-Tech. Eng BENMAHDJOUB
Faculty of Technology Lab. of Electro-Tech. Eng
Tahar Moulay University Faculty of Technology
Saida (20000), Algeria Tahar Moulay University
miloudyahiadz@yahoo.fr Saida (20000), Algeria
benmahdjoub.mohammed@gmail.
com
power generation system has become another knotty problem
to improve wind power generation system performance [7].
The three-phase voltage source PWM rectifier control
issues are traditionally treated by fixed gain proportional
integral (PI) controllers. However, the fixed gain controllers
are very sensitive to parameter variations and generally
cannot provide good dynamic performance, Such as
discussed in [8, 9]. So, the controller parameters have to be
continually adapted. This problem can be solved by several
adaptive control techniques such as sliding mode control
(SMC) [10]. The design of all of the above controllers
depends on the exact system mathematical model.
On the other hand, the FLC technique does not
require precise modeling of the system. It employs the
strategy adopted by the human operator to control
complex processes and gives superior performance than
the conventional proportional-integral (PI) control. The
fuzzy algorithm is based on human intuition and
experience, and can be regarded as a set of heuristic
decision rules [11].
In this paper, a simple control strategy for three-phase
voltage source PWM rectifier with voltage oriented control
to improve the system’s robustness and dynamic response of
the dc bus voltage is proposed. The fuzzy logic control is
used in the outer voltage loop. In order to improve the
dynamic performances of the source current loop. Simulation
results show that compared to the conventional PI controller,
the FLC can reduce the three-phase rectifier’s voltage
fluctuation and improve the dynamic response of the dc-bus
significantly.
II. MODEL OF THREE-PHASE PWM RECTIFIER CONNECTED
TO A PMSG WECS
The topology of the WECS presented in this study is
depicted in Figure 1. It consists of a wind turbine, a gearbox,
a WFSG, Generator side converter (rectifier) and grid side
converter (inverter). In our strategy studied, the converter on
the generator is used to control the DC link voltage whatever
the disturbances caused by the characteristics of the wind
turbine drive train.
 CISTEM’18 - Algiers, Algeria, October 29-31, 2018

Ωt R
λ= (4)
V
PWM Rectifier Network
Transformer Grid By using the equation (3), the resulting mechanical
PMSG ∼ equation of the generator shaft is given as follows [14]:
Gearbox
dΩ g 1
= (Tg - Tem - f v Ω g )
Generator Side Grid Side
Converter Converter (5)
Turbine dt J

Fig. 1. Wind energy conversion chain based on PMSG

Where Tem is the electromagnetic torque, J is the total
moment of inertia and f v is the coefficient of viscous
A. Aerodynamic Subsystem friction.
The aerodynamic power, which is converted by a wind The typical characteristics giving the aerodynamic power
turbine, is dependent on the power coefficient. It is given by of a wind turbine, operating at variable speed, according to
[12]: the different wind speeds, are shown in Figure 3. The
maximum energy efficiency is indicated in this figure, by
1
Pt = C p (λ, β)ρπR 2V 3 connecting all the points of maximum power (MPP) of each
2 (1) power curve Paer , opt where the maximum power coefficient
c5
c2
C p (λ, β) = c1 ( - c3β - c4 )e λi + c6 λ C p_ max is retained.
λi
2

aerodynamic power (pu)

Where is the air density, R is the blade length and V is 14m/s
the wind velocity. The power coefcient C p depends on the 1.5
Pitch control
ratio λ and the pitch angle β is shown in Figure 2.
12m/s
1
0.6 MPPT
Cp-max =0o 10m/s
Coefficient de puissance Cp

0.5
8m/s
0.4 6m/s
=5o 0 4m/s
0.2 0.5 1 1.5
o
=10 generator shaft speed Ωg (pu)
0 =20o
Fig. 3. Aerodynamic powers various speed characteristics for
=15o different wind speeds, with indication of the maximum
-0.2 power with tracking curve.
0 5 opt 10 15
λ
Fig. 2. Power coefficient variation against tip speed ratio
B. Electrical Subsystem (PMSG and converter)
and pitch angle. The circuit diagram of the three-phase two level
voltage source rectifier structure Connected to a PMSG
The turbine torque is the ratio of the output power Pt to Wind Energy Conversion System is shown in Figure 4. In
the shaft speed Ω t : order to set up math model, it is assumed that the filter
P reactor is linear, IGBT is ideal switch and lossless [15].
Taer = t (2)
Ωt idc
The turbine is normally coupled to the generator shaft iL
through a gearbox whose gear ratio G is chosen in order to iC
Ωt Zr
set the generator shaft speed within a desired speed range. a
Turbine b vdc C RL
Ignoring the transmission losses, the torque and shaft speed and
of the wind turbine, referred to the generator side of the Z c
Gearbox r
gearbox, are given by:
Zr
Taer Ωg PMSG
Tg = , Ωt = (3)
G G
Fig. 4. Circuit schematic of three-phase voltage-source PWM rectifier
Where Tg is the driving torque of the generator and Connected to PMSG WECS.
Ω g is the generator shaft speed, respectively.
Where ias , ibs and ics , are phase currents, C is
The power coefcient C p depends on the ratio λ and the smoothing capacitor across the DC bus, RL is the load
pitch angle β . This ratio is between linear speed at the tip of resistance, and iL is load current. The classical electrical
the blades and the wind speed [13]: equations of the PMSG and converter in the PARK frame
are written as follows [16-18]:
 CISTEM’18 - Algiers, Algeria, October 29-31, 2018

­ d Regarding Figure 5, the current of the axis d is set to zero

°vds = -( Rs + Rr )ids - ( Ls + Lr ) dt ids + f em , d while the reference current ids is set by the DC link voltage
° regulator.
° d
®vqs = -( Rs + Rr )iqs - ( Ls + Lr ) iqs + f em, q (6) →

° dt → β
° dvdc vdc q
°C dt = ( S d ids + S q iqs ) - R
¯ L
is
With f em,d and f em,q are the crosses coupling terms i s
→

between the d-axis and q-axis: v s = vds vs d

­° f em , d = ω ( Ls + Lr )iqs i qs
® (7) ϕ i ds
°̄ f em , q = -ω ( Ls + Lr )ids + ωφ f
θ →

v s α
Where Rs , Ls , Rr , Lr ,are the stator phase resistance and i s
inductance, the rectifier line resistance and inductance,
respectively and ω = Ω g p pmsg is the electrical speed and Fig. 5. Voltage oriented control (VOC).

p pmsg is the pair pole number, ids and iqs are the direct and
quadrate stator currents, φ f is magnetic flux. S d , S q are
input voltage of rectifier, switch function in synchronous
rotating d-q coordinate, respectively and vdc is the dc-bus
voltage.
The electromagnetic torque is expressed as [19]:
3 controllers to make the actual currents ( ids and iqs )
Tem = p pmsg φ f iqs
2 * and iqs
III. CONTROL STRATEGY FOR THE THREE-PHASE PWM
RECTIFIER CNNECTED TO A PMSG WECS
A. Voltage Oriented Control (VOC)
As described in [20], the principle of this control (VOC)
consists of using a current loop, developed by analogy with
the vector control of electrical machines. It consists of
orienting the current vector in the same direction as that of
the voltage vector, by controlling the current vector in the
two revolving axes d and q.
iqs = is , ids = 0
There are three control loops in the VOC strategy. The
error between the reference dc-bus voltage vdc * and the
sampled dc-bus voltage vdc is processed by FLC, which
* . As in the inner
produces the reference active current iqs
loops, d-axis currents loop and q-axis current loop use PI
(8)
* ). Then, the errors
track their reference values ( ids
are processed in two conventional PI controllers to produce
the output signals of vds * and vqs* , after coordinates
transformation, v *sa , v *sb and v*sc which can be obtained
and used to produce switching signals S a , S b and S c by
two-level pulse with modulation (PWM).
Finally, the overall simulation scheme of a three phase
PWM Rectifier connected to a PMSG WECS is given in
Figure 6.

RL
vdc
fem ,d
ids
*
+ - v*ds v*sa
PI + dq
-
GSC

v*sb
PWM

vdc ids
v*dc *
iqs + + v*qs v*sc
abc
+ - PI -
iqs fem ,q

ids dq
ias
fem ,d ibs Turbine
 ( Ls + Lr ) iqs
iqs ics
fem ,q - ( Ls + Lr )ids +  f abc Gearbox

Ωg
PMSG
ω d θ Ωt
dt
Encodeur

Fig. 6. The block diagram of the generator-side control.

 CISTEM’18 - Algiers, Algeria, October 29-31, 2018

Fig. 9 shows the block diagram of the fuzzy control.

B. Controllers synthes
1) PI regulator synthesis
In order to control the converter used, we must perform a y* e K Inference u
+_ Ku

D efuzzificatio n
e System

F uzzification
decoupling by compensation. To make the “d” and “q” axes y
completely independent. The parameters of the corrector are
calculated with a method of imposition of the poles. It is
possible to generate reference voltages from given reference d de Rules
Kde
quantities. The design of this controller is simple. Figure 7, 8 dt Base
shows the system scheme regulated by a PI corrector.

idq
*
,s εs Ki ,s
v*dq,s As idq,s Fig. 9. Fuzzy logic structure.
K p ,s + 1 + Ts s
+ - s The input and output linguistic variables of the fuzzy
controller have been quantized in the following five fuzzy
subsets.
Fig. 7. Current-control loop of GSC.
TABLE II. THE FUZZY CONTROL RULE BASES [20]

v*dc εdc K i ,dc iq*,s AL vdc e

NL NS ZE PS PL
K p,dc + e
+ - s 1 + TL s
NL NL NL NL NS ZE
NS NL NS NS ZE PS
ZE NL NS ZE PS PL
Fig. 8. Voltage-control loop of GSC. PS NS ZE PS PS PL
PL ZE PS PL PL PL
* *
In fact, the errors ( idq , s - idq , s ) and the errors ( v dc - v dc )
are processed by the PI corrector, in order to design the Where the error e and its rate of change de are the input
*
reference voltages vdq variables; K e , K de and K u are inputs and outputs scaling
,s .
gains. For the proposed FLC of DC link voltage, we use
Using the Laplace transformation, the closed-loop diagram scheme of Figure 6, there are two input signals to
transfer function is given as follows: the FLC, the DC link voltage error and the change of the
1+ A K p error:
A A Ki
FTBF = ( ( K p s + K i )) ( s 2 + s ( )+ ) (9)
T T T edc (n) = v dc
* ( n) - v dc ( n) (10)
In current-control loop we have:
Their changes in error:
A = As = 1 (Rr + Rs ) ; T = Ts = 1 (Lr + Ls )
Δedc (n) = vdc
* ( n) - vdc ( n - 1) (11)
In voltage-control loop we have:
A = AL = RL ; T = TL = RL C The fuzzy sets have been determined as: NL, Negative
Large, NS, Negative Small and ZE, Zero, PS, Positive
Small, PM positive medium, PL, Positive Large,
TABLE I. THE CALCULATED PI GAINS respectively. The input/output variables used in this paper are
fuzzified by seven symmetrical and triangular membership
K p, s K i, s functions (MFs) (Figures 10(a), (b) and (c)) normalized in
PI controller (2 Ts ξ ω0 - 1) As Ts ω02 As the universe of discourse between -1 and +1.
Value 150 10
K p , dc K i , dc μe μde
NL NS ZE PS PL NL NS ZE PS PL
PI controller (2 TL ξ ω0 - 1) AL TL ω02 AL 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0

Value 0.7 5.5

2) Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC)

To regulate the DC link voltage, Fuzzy Logic Control e de
(FLC) is used because of the nonlinearity of the system. The
-1.00 -0.70 -0.35 0 0.35 0.70 1.00 -1.00 -0.70 -0.35 0 0.35 0.70 1.00
basic formation of a FLC is consisted of four parts:
Fuzzification block determining inputs membership values. (a) (b)
The Fuzzy Inference System FIS evaluates at each time
which control rules are appropriate, using the fuzzy
knowledge based block. The deffuzification block calculates
the crisp output of the rules leading to the optimal
plant control.
 CISTEM’18 - Algiers, Algeria, October 29-31, 2018

μdu Rectifier Parameters

NL NS ZE PS PL
1.0 1.0 Parameters Value
The input inductance Rr 37 mH
The input resistance Lr 0,3 
The output capacitor C 1100 F
du
-1.00 -0.70 -0.35 0 0.35 0.70 1.00
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PI FLC PI FLC
400 400 20 20
wg wg Tem Tem
0 0
300 300
Wg (rad /s)

Tem (N.m)
-20 -20
255 255
200 200
250
250 -40 -40
245
100 100 245
240 -60 -60
235 240
0.5 1 1.5 2 0.5 1 1.5 2
0 0 -80 -80
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 0 0.5 1 1.5 2
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 0 0.5 1 1.5 2
600 600 1.5 1.5
500 500 iL iL
400 400 1 1
VDC (V)

IL (A)
300 300
0.5 0.5
200 200
100 vdc* 100 vdc*
0 0
vdc vdc
0 0
-100 -100 -0.5 -0.5
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 0 0.5 1 1.5 2

30 30 20 30
ias ibs ics
ias ibs ics
20 20 20
Zoom iabc-s (A)
10
10 10 10
Iabc-s (A)

0 0 0 0

-10 -10 -10

-10
-20 -20 -20

-30 -30 -20 -30

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 1 1.05 1.1 1.15 1 1.05 1.1 1.15
400 400 400 400
vas vbs vcs vas vbs vcs vas vbs vcs vas vbs vcs
Zoom vabc-s (V)

200 200 200 200

vabc-s (V)

0 0 0 0

-200 -200 -200 -200

-400 -400 -400 -400

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 1 1.05 1.1 1.15 1 1.05 1.1 1.15

Fig. 11. Simulation results of the three-phase PWM Rectifier connected to a PMSG WECS.