Other Learning Resources

Other Learning Resources For B,

∵ The sum of the lengths of the two shorter line
segments
Integrated Exercise B  (5  8) cm
 13 cm
Part A
 14 cm
1. Answer: C
∴ The set of line segments cannot form a triangle.
∵ DC is the angle bisector of ACB.
∴ ACD  DCB  34 For C,
∵ AB  AC ∵ The sum of the lengths of the two shorter line
segments
∴ ABC  ACB (base s, isos. △)
 (6  8) cm
 ACD  DCB
 14 cm
 34  34
 12 cm
 68
∴ The set of line segments can form a triangle.
In △ABC,
BAC  ABC  ACB  180 ( sum of △) For D,
∵ The sum of the lengths of the two shorter line
BAC  68  68  180 segments
BAC  44  (3  3) cm
 6 cm
2. Answer: D  7 cm
∵ AB, BC and BD are three altitudes of △ABC and they ∴ The set of line segments cannot form a triangle.
meet at its orthocentre.
∴ Bis the orthocentre of △ABC. 6. Answer: C
∵ PQRS is a parallelogram.
3. Answer: A ∴ OP  OR (diags. of // gram)
For I, 7 x  x3
∵ BD  DC
2x  4
∴ AD is a median of △ABC.
∴ I is true. x2
For II, OQ  OS (diags. of // gram)
∵ CE is an altitude of △ABC but it may not bisect AB. OQ  5(2) cm
∴ II may not be true.  10 cm
For III, it is true only if △ABC is an equilateral triangle. QS  OQ  OS
∴ III may not be true.  (10  10) cm
 20 cm
∴ The answer is A.

4. Answer: A 7. Answer: A
For I, AEF  AGF (opp. ∠s of // gram)
∵ PQ  PR and PS  QR  124
∴ QS  SR (prop. of isos. △) BED  AEF (vert. opp. ∠s)
∴ PS is a median of △PQR.  124
∴ I is true. BDE  45 (property of square)
For II, In △BDE,
∵ PQ  PR and PS  QR EBD  180  BED  BDE (∠ sum of △)
∴ RPS  SPQ (prop. of isos. △)  180  124  45
∴ PS is the angle bisector of RPQ.  11
i.e. The incentre of △PQR lies on PS.
∴ II is true. 8. Answer: B
For III, it is true only if △PQR is an equilateral triangle. In △AFG,
∴ III may not be true. ∵ AD  (3  3) cm  6 cm  DF and
The answer is A. AE  (2  2) cm  4 cm  EG
1
5. Answer: C ∴ DE   FG (mid-pt. theorem)
For A, 2
1
∵ The sum of the lengths of the two shorter line y   10
segments 2
5
 (4  7) cm
 11 cm
∴ The set of line segments cannot form a triangle.

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Mathematics in Action (3rd Edition) 3A Full Solutions

In △ADE, 11. Answer: C

∵ AB  BD and AC  CE
12. Answer: B
1
∴ BC   DE (mid-pt. theorem)
2 13. Answer: C
1
x  5
2
 2.5
∴ x  y  2 .5  5
 7.5

9. Answer: A Point A connects to 4 edges after folding. However, each

vertex of the base of a square pyramid connects to only
3 edges.

14. Answer: A

15. Answer: A
∵ CE is the projection of BE on plane CFED.
∴ BEC is the angle between BE and plane CFED.

Join GF. Part B

∵ ABCD is a parallelogram. 16. (a) In △CAY,
∴ AB  DC (opp. sides of // gram) ACY  180  90  CAY ∠ sum of △
∵ AB  DE  90  CAY
∴ DE  DC In △ABC,
∵ DE  DC and FD // BE YBC  ABC
 180  90  CAB ∠ sum of △
∴ BF  FC (intercept theorem)
 90  CAB
∴ II must be true.
∵ CAY  CAB
∵ DE  DC and GD // BC
∴ ACY  YBC
∴ EG  GB (intercept theorem)
∵ BG  GE and BF  FC (b) In △APC,
∴ FG // CE (mid-pt. theorem) CPX  CAP  ACY ext.  of △
∵ BA// FG and AG // BF In △ABX,
∴ ABFG is a parallelogram. PXC  BAX  YBC ext.  of △
∴ AG  BF (opp. sides of // gram) ∵ CAP  BAX given
∴ I must be true.
and ACY  YBC proved in (a)
∴ The answer is A.
∴ CPX  PXC
10. Answer: A ∴ CP  CX sides opp. equal s
Let BC = x cm and CD = y cm.
∵ AE // FC and CE // FA Alternative Solution
Let CAX  PAY   .
∴ AFCE is a parallelogram.
In △ACX,
∴ AE  FC (opp. sides of // gram)
CXP  180  90   ∠ sum of △
AD  DE  BC  BF
 90  
∵ AD  BC (property of rectangle)
In △APY,
∴ DE  BF
APY  180  90   ∠ sum of △
∵ BC : FB  3 : 1
 90  
x
∴ BF  cm CPX  APY  90   vert. opp. ∠s
3
∴ CPX  CXP
∵ Area of ABCD = 54 cm2
∴ CP  CX sides opp. equal ∠s
∴ xy  54
1 17. (a) ∵ I is the incentre of △ABC.
Area of △DFE   DE  CD
2 ∴ BAI  CAI ,
1 x ABI  CBI  x and
   y cm 2
2 3 BCI  ACI  y
xy In △ABC,
 cm 2
6 BAC  ABC  ACB  180  sum of △
54 70  x  x  y  y  180
 cm 2
6 70  2( x  y )  180
 9 cm 2
2( x  y )  110
x  y  55
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 Other Learning Resources

(b) In △BIC, ∵ ACB  45 (property of square)

BIC  CBI  BCI  180 ( sum of △) ∴ BCF  ACF  ACB
BIC  x  y  180  77.5  45
BIC  55  180  32.5
BIC  125
(b) x  BCF (opp. ∠s of // gram)
 32.5
18. Since the side of length 12 cm can be one of the equal CFE  BCF  180 (int.∠s, BC // EF)
sides or the base, we have to consider two cases:
( y  77.5)  32.5  180
Case 1:
The side of length 12 cm is one of the equal sides. y  70

12 cm 12 cm 21. ∵ ABCD is a rhombus.

∴ DA // CB (property of rhombus)
x cm ∴ DAB  180  ABC (int.∠s, DA // CB)
Let x cm be the length of the base.  180  108
Then, x  2  12  48  72
x  24 ∵ DAC BAC (property of rhombus)
∵ The sum of the lengths of the two shorter sides 1
∴ CAB   DAB
 (12  12) cm 2
 24 cm 1
  72
∴ It is impossible to form a triangle in this case. 2
Case 2:  36
The side of length 12 cm is the base. ∵ APQC is a rhombus.
∴ EAB  EAC (property of rhombus)
1
∴ EAB   CAB
2
y cm y cm
1
  36
2
 18
12 cm In △ABE,
Let y cm be the length of each equal side. AEB  180  EAB  ABE (∠ sum of △)
Then, 2 y  12  48  180  18  108
y  18  54
The length of the longest side = 18 cm q  AEB (vert. opp. ∠s)
∵ The sum of the lengths of the remaining two sides  54
 (12  18) cm
 30 cm
22. ∵ AF // BE // CD and AB  BC
 18 cm ∴ FG  GC and FE  ED (intercept theorem)
∴ A triangle can be formed in this case.
1
∴ The lengths of the other two sides are both 18 cm. ∴ GE   CD (mid-pt. theorem)
2
1
19. OBC  CDO (opp. ∠s of // gram)   12 cm
2
 55
 6 cm
∵ OB  OP (radii)
∴ OPB  OBP (base∠s, isos. △)
23. (a) There are 5 planes of reflection in the prism.
 55
a  OPB (alt.∠s, OD // BP) (b) The prism has 5 axes of rotational symmetry. 1 axis
 55 of 4-fold rotational symmetry and 4 axes of 2-fold
rotational symmetry.
20. (a) ∵ AC  AF
24. (a) (i) Number of dots on face X  2
∴ ACF  AFC (base s, isos. △)
In △AFC, (ii) Number of dots on face Y  6
CAF  ACF  AFC  180 (∠ sum of △) (iii) Number of dots on face Z  4
25  2ACF  180
ACF  77.5 (b) (i) Points E and G will coincide with point C.
(ii) Point B will coincide with point H.

131
Mathematics in Action (3rd Edition) 3A Full Solutions

25. 28. (a) (i) ∵ AD is a median of △ABC.

∴ BD  DC
∴ BC  BD  DC  2 DC
1
∴ DC  BC
2
Let h cm be the height of △ADC when we take
DC as its base.
26. (a) ∵ GB is the projection of HB on plane BCGF. Area of △ADC
∴ HBG is the angle between HB and plane 1
  DC  h cm
BCGF. 2
1 1
  BC  h cm
(b) ∵ HAB and ABCD intersect at AB, HA  AB and 2 2
DA  AB . 1
∴ HAD is the angle between planes HAB and   area of △ABC
2
ABCD. 1
  a cm 2
Part C 2
27. (a) ∵ O is the centroid of △ABC. given a
 cm 2
∴ AQ is a median of △ABC. 2
∴ BQ  QC (ii) ∵ CF is a median of △ADC.
∵ O is the orthocentre of △ABC. given ∴ AF  FD
∴ AQ is an altitude of △ABC. ∴ AD  AF  FD  2 FD
∴ AQ  BC 1
In △ABQ and △ACQ, ∴ FD  AD
2
AQ  AQ common side Let h cm be the height of △CFD when we take
BQ  CQ proved FD as its base.
∵ AQ  BC proved Area of △CFD
∴ AQB  AQC  90 1
  FD  h cm
∴ △ABQ  △ACQ SAS 2
1 1
(b) ∵ △ABQ  △ACQ proved in (a)   AD  h cm
2 2
∴ BAQ  CAQ corr. s, △s 1
∴ AQ is an angle bisector of   area of △ADC
2
△ABC. 1 a
By using similar proofs in (a),   cm 2
2 2
we have
△BCR  △BAR and a
 cm 2
△CAP  △CBP SAS 4
∴ CBR  ABR and
ACP  BCP corr. s, △s (b) ∵ DE is a median of △CFD.
∴ BR and CP are the angle ∴ CE  EF
bisectors of △ABC. ∴ CF  CE  EF  2 EF
∴ O is the incentre of △ABC. 1
∴ EF  CF
2
(c) ∵ △ABQ  △ACQ (proved in (a)) Let h cm be the height of △DEF when we take EF
∴ AB  AC (corr. sides, △s) as its base.
∵ △BCR  △BAR (proved in (b)) Area of △DEF
∴ BC  BA (corr. sides, △s) 1
  EF  h cm
∴ AB  BC  AC 2
∴ BAC  60 (prop. of equil. △) 1 1
  CF  h cm
In quadrilateral APOR, 2 2
PAR  APO  POR  ARO  (4  2)  180 1
  area of △CFD
( sum of polygon) 2
60  90  POR  90  360 1 a
  cm 2
POR  120 2 4
a
 cm2
8
Area of △ ABC a cm 2

Area of △ DEF a cm 2
8
8
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 Other Learning Resources

∴ The ratio of the area of △ABC to that of 32. (a) ∵ EH  AC (given)

△DEF is equal to 8 : 1. ∴ EHG  90
BGH  90 (property of square)
29. (a) ∵ O is the circumcentre of △ABC and BD = DC. ∵ AEFC is a rhombus.
∴ ODR is the perpendicular bisector of BC. ∴ AC // EF
EHG  HEB  180 (int. ∠s, GH // BE)
(b) In △BDP and △CDQ,
90  HEB  180
BPD  CQD alt. s, BO // RC
HEB  90
BDP  CDQ vert. opp. s
BGH  GBE  180 (int. ∠s, GH // BE)
BD  CD given
90  GBE  180
∴ △BDP  △CDQ AAS
GBE  90
(c) ∵ △BDP  △CDQ (proved in (b)) ∴ BEHG is a rectangle.
∴ DP  DQ (corr. sides, △s)
(b) AE  AC property of rhombus
In △DOP and △DRQ,
AC  BD property of square
DOP  DRQ (alt. s, BO // RC)
BD  2 BG property of square
ODP  RDQ (vert. opp. s)
HE  BG property of rectangle
∴ △DOP  △DRQ (AAS) ∴ AE  2 HE
∴ OP  RQ (corr. sides, △s)
(c) AE  2 HE
30. (a) In △AEB and △CFD,
HE 1
ABD  CDB alt.∠s, AB // DC 
AE 2
ABE  180  ABD adj. ∠s on st. line
1
 180  CDB sin EAH 
2
 CDF adj. ∠s on st. line
EAH  30
AB  CD opp. sides of // gram BAC  45 (property of square)
BE  DF given ∴ BAE  BAC  EAH
∴ △AEB  △CFD SAS
 45  30
 15
(b) ∵ △AEB  △CFD proved in (a)
∴ AE  CF corr. sides,  △s
AEB  CFD corr. ∠s,  △s 33. (a)
∴ AE // FC alt. ∠s equal
∴ AECF is a parallelogram. opp. sides equal
and //

31. (a) ∵ QD  BD given

∴ QDB  90
(b) Total surface area of the solid in (a)
AKB  90 property of rhombus
 (6  5  3  2  5  6  2) cm 2
 QDB  30 cm 2
∴ QD // AC corr. ∠s equal
In △BDQ, 34. (a) (i) OC is the projection of VC on plane ABCD.
∵ BK  KD property of rhombus (ii) VCO is the angle between VC and plane
and PK // QD ABCD.
∴ BP  PQ intercept theorem
∵ BK  KD and BP  PQ (b) BC is the line of intersection of planes VBC and
1 ABCD.
∴ PK   QD mid-pt. theorem In △VBC,
2
∵ △VBC is an isosceles triangle with VB = VC and
QD  2  PK
M is the mid-point of BC.
 AK given
∴ VM  BC (prop. of isos. △)
In square ABCD,
(b) ∵ QD  AK (proved in (a)) ∵ OB  OC (property of square)
KC (property of rhombus) and BM  MC (given)
QD // KC (proved in (a)) ∴ OM  BC (prop. of isos. △)
∴ CDQK is a parallelogram. ∴ VMO is the angle between planes VBC and
(opp. sides equal and //) ABCD.

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Mathematics in Action (3rd Edition) 3A Full Solutions

(c) ∵ △VAB  △VCB (SSS)

∴ VBA  VBC (corr. ∠s, △s)
AB  CB
NB  NB (common side)
∴ △ABN  △CBN (SAS)
∴ ANB  CNB (corr. ∠s, △s)
 90
∵ VAB and VBC intersect at VB, AN  VB and
CN  VB .
∴ ANC is the angle between planes VAB and
VBC.

134