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Cambridge IGCSE and O Level: Additional Mathematics
Cambridge IGCSE and O Level: Additional Mathematics
Sue Pemberton
®
Cambridge IGCSE and O Level
Additional
Mathematics
Coursebook
Contents
Acknowledgements vi
Introduction vii
How to use this book viii
1 Sets 1
1.1 The language of sets 2
1.2 Shading sets on Venn diagrams 6
1.3 Describing sets on a Venn diagram 9
1.4 Numbers of elements in regions on a Venn diagram 10
Summary 15
Examination questions 16
2 Functions 19
2.1 Mappings 20
2.2 Deinition of a function 21
2.3 Composite functions 23
2.4 Modulus functions 25
2.5 Graphs of y = |f(x)| where f(x) is linear 28
2.6 Inverse functions 30
2.7 The graph of a function and its inverse 33
Summary 36
Examination questions 37
3 Simultaneous equations and quadratics 41
3.1 Simultaneous equations (one linear and one non-linear) 43 iii
3.2 Maximum and minimum values of a quadratic function 46
3.3 Graphs of y = |f(x)| where f(x) is quadratic 52
3.4 Quadratic inequalities 55
3.5 Roots of quadratic equations 57
3.6 Intersection of a line and a curve 60
Summary 62
Examination questions 64
4 Indices and surds 67
4.1 Simplifying expressions involving indices 68
4.2 Solving equations involving indices 69
4.3 Surds 73
4.4 Multiplication, division and simpliication of surds 75
4.5 Rationalising the denominator of a fraction 78
4.6 Solving equations involving surds 81
Summary 85
Examination questions 85
5 Factors and polynomials 88
5.1 Adding, subtracting and multiplying polynomials 89
5.2 Division of polynomials 91
5.3 The factor theorem 93
5.4 Cubic expressions and equations 96
5.5 The remainder theorem 100
Summary 104
Examination questions 105
6 Logarithmic and exponential functions 107
6.1 Logarithms to base 10 108
6.2 Logarithms to base a 111
6.3 The laws of logarithms 114
6.4 Solving logarithmic equations 116
Contents
15 Differentiation 2 341
15.1 Derivatives of exponential functions 342
15.2 Derivatives of logarithmic functions 346
15.3 Derivatives of trigonometric functions 350
15.4 Further applications of differentiation 355
Summary 361
Examination questions 362
16 Integration 365
16.1 Differentiation reversed 366
16.2 Indeinite integrals 369
16.3 Integration of functions of the form (ax + b)n 371
16.4 Integration of exponential functions 372
16.5 Integration of sine and cosine functions 374
16.6 Further indeinite integration 376
16.7 Deinite integration 380
16.8 Further deinite integration 383
16.9 Area under a curve 385
16.10 Area of regions bounded by a line and a curve 391
Summary 396
Examination questions 397
17 Kinematics 400
17.1 Applications of differentiation in kinematics 402
17.2 Applications of integration in kinematics 410
Summary 416
Examination questions 417
Answers 419
Index 449
Acknowledgements
Past examination paper questions throughout are reproduced by permission of Cambridge
International Examinations.
vi
Introduction
This highly illustrated coursebook offers full coverage of the Cambridge IGCSE® and O Level Additional
Mathematics syllabuses (0606 and 4037). It has been written by a highly experienced author, who
is very familiar with the syllabus and the examinations. The course is aimed at students who are
currently studying or have previously studied Cambridge IGCSE® Mathematics (0580) or Cambridge O Level
Mathematics (4024).
The coursebook has been written with a clear progression from start to inish, with some later chapters
requiring knowledge learned in earlier chapters. Where the content in one chapter includes topics
that should have already been covered in previous studies, a recap section has been provided so that
students can build on their prior knowledge.
At the start of each chapter, there is a list of objectives that are covered in the chapter. These objectives
have been taken directly from the Cambridge IGCSE® Additional Mathematics (0606) syllabus.
‘Class discussion’ sections have been included. These provide students with the opportunity to discuss
and learn new mathematical concepts with their classmates, with their class teacher acting as the
facilitator. The aim of these class discussion sections is to improve the student’s reasoning and oral
communication skills.
Worked examples are used throughout to demonstrate each method using typical workings and
thought processes. These present the methods to the students in a practical and easy-to-follow way that
minimises the need for lengthy explanations.
The exercises are carefully graded. They offer plenty of practice via ‘drill’ questions at the start of each
vii
exercise, which allow the student to practise methods that have just been introduced. The exercises
then progress to questions that typically relect the kinds of questions that the student may encounter
in the examinations. ‘Challenge’ questions have also been included at the end of most exercises to
challenge and stretch high-ability students.
Towards the end of each chapter, there is a summary of the key concepts to help students consolidate
what they have just learnt. This is followed by a ‘Past paper’ questions section, which contains real
questions taken from past examination papers.
The answers to all questions are supplied at the back of the book, allowing self- and/or class-assessment.
A student can assess their progress as they go along, choosing to do more or less practice as required.
The answers given in this book are concise and it is important for students to appreciate that in the
examination they should show as many steps in their working as possible.
A Practice Book is also available in the Additional Mathematics series, which offers students further
targeted practice. This book closely follows the chapters and topics of the coursebook, offering
additional exercises to help students to consolidate concepts learnt and to assess their learning after
each chapter. ‘Clues’ and ‘Tips’ are included to help students with tricky topics. A Teacher’s resource
CD-ROM, to offer support and advice, is also available.
Recap – check that you are familiar with the introductory skills required for
viii the chapter.
Note – quick suggestions to remind you about key facts and highlight important
points.
Challenge Q – challenge yourself with tougher questions that stretch your skills.
ix
Summary – at the end of each chapter to review what you have learnt.
Examination questions – exam-style questions for you to test your knowledge and
understanding at the end of each chapter.