UMBILICAL CORD REFERENCES:

PROLAPSE WEBSITE:
Labour and Delivery Care
In umbilical cord prolapse, a loop of Module: 8. Abnormal
the unbilical cord slips down in front Presentations and Multiple
of the presenting fetal part. Prolapse
Pregnancies. (n.d.).
may occur at any time after the
membranes rupture if the presenting Retrieved from
fetal part is not fitted firmly into the https://www.open.edu/open
cervix. learncreate/mod/oucontent
It is an obstetrical emergency /view.php?
because the cord is at high risk for id=276&printable=1.
compression, blocking oxygen and
blood flow to the baby.

In these cases, an emergency C- BOOK:

section is often necessary Maternal & Child Health

MATERNAL
Nursing: Care of the
Childbearing &
Childrearing Family 8th
Volume
by JoAnne Silbert-Flag AND CHILD
HEALTH
Adele Pillitteri

Made by:
Maquilan, Mary Paulinne
Pavadora, Julie Marie Maternal Complications:
Plathe, Paulene YOU NEED TO KNOW
 HYDRAMNIOS
Amniotic fluid never becomes
stagnant because its constantly
being newly formed and absorbed
by direct contact with the fetal
surface of the placenta.
At term, the amount of amniotic
fluid has grown so much it ranges
from 800 ml to 1200ml and is at
least mearured . More or less can to
HYDRAMNIOS or
OLIGOHYDRAMNIOS.
HOW TO IDENTIFY IT?
1. Hydramnios is having more than
2,000ml or pockets of fluid larger
than 8cm through ultra sound.  It
can occur in women with diabetes
and also caused by atresia or
anencephaly.
2. Oligohydramnios is the reduction
of fluid less than then normal
rande and detected by ultrasound.
FACE, BROW, BREECH
PRESENTATION
BREECH
PRESENTATION
FACE Presentation
The fetus has extended the head to
make the face the presenting part. Means either the buttocks or the
From this position, extreme edema feet are the first body parts that
and distortion of the face may occur. will contact the cervix.
This can cause a difficult birth, with
the presenting point influencing
the degree of difficulty.
PES OF BREECH PRESENTATION:
1. Complete
The fetus has the thighs tightly flexed
on the abdomen; both the buttocks
and the tightly flexed feet present to
BROW Presentation
the cervix.
Because the head is only moderately
2. Frank
flexed, the brow or sinciput becomes
The hips are flexed but, the knees are
the presenting part.
extended to rest on the chest. The
buttocks alone present to the cervix.
3. Footling
Neither the thighs nor lower legs are
flexed. Single-footling breech.
Double-footling breech.