Processes Units

Naptha Feed

Cracking and quenching

Cracking Heater

Gasoline
Fractionator
Fractionator

Quench Tower

Cooling Tower
Compression and drying
Compressor:

Caustic Scrubber

Charged Gas Dryer

 Gasoline Strpper
Separation
Cold Box
 used for the removal of hydrogen
and light hydrocarbons, De-Methanizer
while minimizing ethylene losses.
Actetylene Converter
De-Ethanizer:
NOTE:Below two are attched
with de ethanizer,
de propanize, debutanizer, C2+
Condensor and C3+ splitter
Water Cooled Condensor: Ethylene Fractionator
Shell and TubCoile Type:
Fins C2+ splitter
Shell
Coil
Refrigerant
Coolant De-Propanizer
Shell and tube Type:

Coolant Tubes

C3+ splitter
Evaporative Condensor:
Blower motor
Air Blower De-Butanizer
Drift Eliminator
Water Spray nozzles
Refrigerant
Water Sump
Water pump MAPD reactor
Coiled Tubes Propylene Fractionator
Depantanizer

Reboiler:

C4-C5 Hydrogenation
Weir PGHU
Tube Bundle
Baffle Support Plates
G Type Shell
 Subparts

Tubes
Heat Transfer Section
Convetive Section
Stack
Steam Drum
Fan
De-Coking off gas seperator
Radiant Coils
cracked gas lines
LQE

Trays
Mist Extractor

Trays
Packing Column
Mist extractor

spray nozzle
 fan

collecting basin
body

Rotary Screw Compressor

Screws
After Cooler
Oil Cooler
Compressor power Disconnect
Oil Filter
Oil Seperator
Safety Valve
Pump(air end)
Electric Motor
Equipment Deck
Belt Guard
Air cleaner
System Controller
Flex Joint
Isolation Valve
Output Port
Tank
Pressure Gauge
Drain port
Atomatic Drain valve
Pretrap

caustic cooler
caustic recirculation pump
caustic scrubber
packing column
steam stripper
product pump

ed Gas Dryer
Integrated Master Regulator
Output Pressure Gauge
 Expansion Chamber
Body
Dry Air Output
Trapped Condensate
Strainer Valve
Drain Valve
Condensate Discharge Outlet

lene Converter

Packed Column
Mist Extractor
Plate
ne Fractionator

trays

Trays
Packed Column
Mist Extractor

trays

Trays
Packed Column
Mist Extractor

ene Fractionator

Hydrogenation
Process Units

Naptha Feed

Cracking
Cracking Heater

Fractionation
Gasoline Fractionator
Supporting Units for Gasoline Fractionator:
1.) Condensor

Note: Vapors at the top part of the column may

entrain liquid droplets which need to be
seperated from the vaopr phase. Vapor feed is
brought in to the condensation unit where
liquid present in the feed gets condensed and
are reintroduced to the main column where
they get seperated from vapor phase

2.)Note:
Reboiler:
Liquid at thebottom part of the column
may entrain gas which need to be seperated
from the liquid phase. Liquid feed is brought in
to the Reboiler unit where gas present in the
feed is removed and are reintroduced to the
main column where they get seperated from
liquid phase
 Note: Liquid at thebottom part of the column
may entrain gas which need to be seperated
from the liquid phase. Liquid feed is brought in
to the Reboiler unit where gas present in the
feed is removed and are reintroduced to the
main column where they get seperated from
liquid phase
PFO Stripper

Quenching
Quench Tower

Compression
1-Stage Compressor

Steam Turbine
2-Stage Compressor

Steam Turbine

3-Stage Compressor
Caustic Scrubbing Unit

4-Stage Compressor

Steam Turbine
 5-Stage Compressor

Drying
Charged Gas Dryer

Condensate Strpper

Seperation
Cold Box
Pressure Swing Adsorbtion Unit

De-Methanizer
Supporting Units for Gasoline De-Methanizer:
1.) Condensor

Note: Vapors at the top part of the column may

entrain liquid droplets which need to be
seperated from the vaopr phase. Vapor feed is
brought in to the condensation unit where
liquid present in the feed gets condensed and
are reintroduced to the main column where
they get seperated from vapor phase

2.) Reboiler:
 Note: Liquid at thebottom part of the column
may entrain gas which need to be seperated
from the liquid phase. Liquid feed is brought in
to the Reboiler unit where gas present in the
feed is removed and are reintroduced to the
main column where they get seperated from
liquid phase

Methane Refigeration

De-Ethanizer:

Supporting Units for Gasoline De-Ethanizer:

1.) Condensor

Note: Vapors at the top part of the column may

entrain liquid droplets which need to be
seperated from the vaopr phase. Vapor feed is
brought in to the condensation unit where
liquid present in the feed gets condensed and
are reintroduced to the main column where
they get seperated from vapor phase
Note: Vapors at the top part of the column may
entrain liquid droplets which need to be
seperated from the vaopr phase. Vapor feed is
brought in to the condensation unit where
liquid present in the feed gets condensed and
are reintroduced to the main column where
they get seperated from vapor phase

2.) Reboiler:
Note: Liquid at thebottom part of the column
may entrain gas which need to be seperated
from the liquid phase. Liquid feed is brought in
to the Reboiler unit where gas present in the
feed is removed and are reintroduced to the
main column where they get seperated from
liquid phase

Actetylene Converter

Ethylene Fractionator
De-Propanizer
Supporting Units for Gasoline De-Ethanizer:
1.) Condensor

Note: Vapors at the top part of the column may

entrain liquid droplets which need to be
seperated from the vaopr phase. Vapor feed is
brought in to the condensation unit where
liquid present in the feed gets condensed and
are reintroduced to the main column where
they get seperated from vapor phase
2.) Reboiler:
Note: Liquid at thebottom part of the column
may entrain gas which need to be seperated
from the liquid phase. Liquid feed is brought in
to the Reboiler unit where gas present in the
feed is removed and are reintroduced to the
main column where they get seperated from
liquid phase

MAPD reactor

Propylene Fractionator

Depantanizer
Supporting Units for Gasoline De-Ethanizer:
1.) Condensor

Note: Vapors at the top part of the column may

entrain liquid droplets which need to be
seperated from the vaopr phase. Vapor feed is
brought in to the condensation unit where
liquid present in the feed gets condensed and
are reintroduced to the main column where
they get seperated from vapor phase

2.) Reboiler:
Note: Liquid at thebottom part of the column
may entrain gas which need to be seperated
from the liquid phase. Liquid feed is brought in
to the Reboiler unit where gas present in the
feed is removed and are reintroduced to the
main column where they get seperated from
liquid phase
 Note: Liquid at thebottom part of the column
may entrain gas which need to be seperated
from the liquid phase. Liquid feed is brought in
to the Reboiler unit where gas present in the
feed is removed and are reintroduced to the
main column where they get seperated from
liquid phase

C4-C5 Hydrogenation

PGHU
Components

Cracking Tubes
Radiant Zone
Convection Section
Wall Burner
Transfer Line Exchanger(TLE)
Condensation Unit
Economizer
Feed Preheater
Quench Oil-BFW preheater
Quench Oil Feed Preheater
Process Steam Super heater
HP steam Super heater
HC/Steam Superheater

Tray Type:
Overhead

Maintenance Access(Top)
Reflux Inlet
Tray Drain-Off
Maintenance Access(Middle)
Chimney
Feed Inlet
Reboiler Drain-Off Point
Reboiler Return inlet
Level Instrument
Maintenance Access(bottom)
Bottoms

Packed Type:
Gas Outlet
Liquid Inlet
Liquid Distributor
Packing
Packing Support
Body Flange
Maintenance Access
Gas Inlet
Level Instrument
Liquid Outlet
cartridge support rods

Water Cooled Condensor:

Shell and TubCoile Type:
Fins
Shell
Coil
Refrigerant
Coolant
Shell and tube Type:
Coolant Tubes

Evaporative Condensor:
Blower motor
Air Blower
Drift Eliminator
Water Spray nozzles
Refrigerant
Water Sump
Water pump
Coiled Tubes

Air condenser Unit:

Steam turbine
Steam turbine Distributor
Axial Flow Fan
Below
Dog Bone
Rupture Disk
Duct Drain Pot
Drain Pot Pump
Deaerator
Condensate Tank
Condesnsor Pump
Vaccum system
Steel Support Structure
ATM
Condensate return Line

Weir
Tube Bundle
Baffle Support Plates
G Type Shell

trays
shell
Feed inlet/Outlet

Mist Eliminator
Gas Outlet
Scrubbing Liquor Inlet
Spray Headers
Gas Inlet
Manhole
Scrubbing Liquor Outlet
Trays

Suction Flange
Inlet Guide Vane
Coupling Hub
Suction Bearing & Assembly
Diffuser Passage
Stator
Balance Piston
Discharge Bearing & Seal Assembly
Impeller
Discharge Volute Casing
Discharge Flange

Rotor Shaft
Shaft Sleeve
Shaft
Oil Ring
Exhaust End Journal Bearing
Carbon Ring Assembly
Exhaust and sealing Gland
Casing Cover
Sentinel valve
Rotor Disc Assembly
Steam End Sealing Gland
Rotor Locating Bearing
Rotor Locating Bearing
T-Governor
Governor Linkage
Steam Chest
Governor Valve
Steam End Bearing housing
Steam End Support
Steam End Casing
Nozzle Ring
Reversing Blade Assembly
Exhausting End Casing
Exhaust End casing

Suction Flange
Inlet Guide Vane
Coupling Hub
Suction Bearing & Assembly
Diffuser Passage
Stator
Balance Piston
Discharge Bearing & Seal Assembly
Impeller
Discharge Volute Casing
Discharge Flange

Rotor Shaft
Shaft Sleeve
Shaft
Oil Ring
Exhaust End Journal Bearing
Carbon Ring Assembly
Exhaust and sealing Gland
Casing Cover
Sentinel valve
Rotor Disc Assembly
Steam End Sealing Gland
Rotor Locating Bearing
Rotor Locating Bearing
T-Governor
Governor Linkage
Steam Chest
Governor Valve
Steam End Bearing housing
Steam End Support
Steam End Casing
Nozzle Ring
Reversing Blade Assembly
Exhausting End Casing
Exhaust End casing

Suction Flange
Inlet Guide Vane
Coupling Hub
Suction Bearing & Assembly
Diffuser Passage
Stator
Balance Piston
Discharge Bearing & Seal Assembly
Impeller
Discharge Volute Casing
Discharge Flange

Preheater
Caustic Tower
4- Caustic Ciculation Pump(Weak
/Intermediate/Strong/Water Wash)
Spent Caustic Coalescer
Spent Caustic Degassing Pump

Suction Flange
Inlet Guide Vane
Coupling Hub
Suction Bearing & Assembly
Diffuser Passage
Stator
Balance Piston
Discharge Bearing & Seal Assembly
Impeller
Discharge Volute Casing
Discharge Flange

Rotor Shaft
Shaft Sleeve
Shaft
Oil Ring
Exhaust End Journal Bearing
Carbon Ring Assembly
Exhaust and sealing Gland
Casing Cover
Sentinel valve
Rotor Disc Assembly
Steam End Sealing Gland
Rotor Locating Bearing
Rotor Locating Bearing
T-Governor
Governor Linkage
Steam Chest
Governor Valve
Steam End Bearing housing
Steam End Support
Steam End Casing
Nozzle Ring
Reversing Blade Assembly
Exhausting End Casing
Exhaust End casing

Suction Flange
Inlet Guide Vane
Coupling Hub
Suction Bearing & Assembly
Diffuser Passage
Stator
Balance Piston
Discharge Bearing & Seal Assembly
Impeller
Discharge Volute Casing
Discharge Flange

Integrated Master Regulator

Output Pressure Gauge
Expansion Chamber
Body
Dry Air Output
Trapped Condensate
Strainer Valve
Drain Valve
Condensate Discharge Outlet

trays
shell
feed inlet
feed outlet

Turbo Heat Expander

Charcoal Adsorber
Fixed Bed Adsorber:
Plate-fin heat exchangers
Filter Cartridges
Nitrogen Vaporizer
Helium Bath
Multilayer super insulation shield
Cold Circulator
Ejector Pump
Pressure difference and level indicators
Wall penetrations
Process Piping including high and Low Pressure Piping
Cryogenic extended stem Valves
Auxiliary Units(Pressure Relief valves,turbo
expanders, vacum Pumping Units)

Wet Air Inlet

4 way solenoid valve/Lower Divertor Valve
Recycle Timer
Wet air outlet
Drying Chambers/Adsorber
Regeneration Flow Valve
Check Valves
Dry Air Outlet
Upper Divertor Valve
Heat Exhanger
Compressor

Tray Type:
Overhead
Maintenance Access(Top)
Reflux Inlet
Tray Drain-Off
Maintenance Access(Middle)
Chimney
Feed Inlet
Reboiler Drain-Off Point
Reboiler Return inlet
Level Instrument
Maintenance Access(bottom)
Bottoms

Packed Type:
Gas Outlet
Liquid Inlet
Liquid Distributor
Packing
Packing Support
Body Flange
Maintenance Access
Gas Inlet
Level Instrument
Liquid Outlet
cartridge support rods

Water Cooled Condensor:

Shell and TubCoile Type:

Fins
Shell
Coil
Refrigerant
Coolant
Shell and tube Type:
Coolant Tubes

Evaporative Condensor:
Blower motor
Air Blower
Drift Eliminator
Water Spray nozzles
Refrigerant
Water Sump
Water pump
Coiled Tubes

Air condenser Unit:

Steam turbine
Steam turbine Distributor
Axial Flow Fan
Below
Dog Bone
Rupture Disk
Duct Drain Pot
Drain Pot Pump
Deaerator
Condensate Tank
Condesnsor Pump
Vaccum system
Steel Support Structure
ATM
Condensate return Line
Weir
Tube Bundle
Baffle Support Plates
G Type Shell

Tray Type:
Overhead
Maintenance Access(Top)
Reflux Inlet
Tray Drain-Off
Maintenance Access(Middle)
Chimney
Feed Inlet
Reboiler Drain-Off Point
Reboiler Return inlet
Level Instrument
Maintenance Access(bottom)
Bottoms

Packed Type:
Gas Outlet
Liquid Inlet
Liquid Distributor
Packing
Packing Support
Body Flange
Maintenance Access
Gas Inlet
Level Instrument
Liquid Outlet
cartridge support rods

Water Cooled Condensor:

Shell and TubCoile Type:

Fins
Shell
Coil
Refrigerant
Coolant
Shell and tube Type:
Coolant Tubes

Evaporative Condensor:
Blower motor
Air Blower
Drift Eliminator
Water Spray nozzles
Refrigerant
Water Sump
Water pump
Coiled Tubes

Air condenser Unit:

Steam turbine
Steam turbine Distributor
Axial Flow Fan
Below
Dog Bone
Rupture Disk
Duct Drain Pot
Drain Pot Pump
Deaerator
Condensate Tank
Condesnsor Pump
Vaccum system
Steel Support Structure
ATM
Condensate return Line

Weir
Tube Bundle

Baffle Support Plates

G Type Shell

lead Bed reactor

Guard Bed reactor
Heater
Green Oil Remover

Tray Type:
Overhead
Maintenance Access(Top)
Reflux Inlet
Tray Drain-Off
Maintenance Access(Middle)
Chimney
Feed Inlet
Reboiler Drain-Off Point
Reboiler Return inlet
Level Instrument
Maintenance Access(bottom)
Bottoms

Packed Type:
Gas Outlet
Liquid Inlet
Liquid Distributor
Packing
Packing Support
Body Flange
Maintenance Access
Gas Inlet
Level Instrument
Liquid Outlet
cartridge support rods

Tray Type:
Overhead
Maintenance Access(Top)
Reflux Inlet
Tray Drain-Off
Maintenance Access(Middle)
Chimney
Feed Inlet
Reboiler Drain-Off Point
Reboiler Return inlet
Level Instrument
Maintenance Access(bottom)
Bottoms

Packed Type:
Gas Outlet
Liquid Inlet
Liquid Distributor
Packing
Packing Support
Body Flange
Maintenance Access
Gas Inlet
Level Instrument
Liquid Outlet
cartridge support rods

Water Cooled Condensor:

Shell and TubCoile Type:

Fins
Shell
Coil
Refrigerant
Coolant
Shell and tube Type:
Coolant Tubes

Evaporative Condensor:
Blower motor
Air Blower
Drift Eliminator
Water Spray nozzles
Refrigerant
Water Sump
Water pump
Coiled Tubes

Air condenser Unit:

Steam turbine
Steam turbine Distributor
Axial Flow Fan
Below
Dog Bone
Rupture Disk
Duct Drain Pot
Drain Pot Pump
Deaerator
Condensate Tank
Condesnsor Pump
Vaccum system
Steel Support Structure
ATM
Condensate return Line
Weir
Tube Bundle

Baffle Support Plates

G Type Shell

Hydrogenation Reactor
Separator drum

Trays
Mist extractor
Shell
feed Inlet
feed outlet
downcomer
lip seal
liquid seal
cartridge support rods

Tray Type:
Overhead
Maintenance Access(Top)
Reflux Inlet
Tray Drain-Off
Maintenance Access(Middle)
Chimney
Feed Inlet
Reboiler Drain-Off Point
Reboiler Return inlet
Level Instrument
Maintenance Access(bottom)
Bottoms

Packed Type:
Gas Outlet
Liquid Inlet
Liquid Distributor
Packing
Packing Support
Body Flange
Maintenance Access
Gas Inlet
Level Instrument
Liquid Outlet
cartridge support rods

Water Cooled Condensor:

Shell and Tube Type:

Fins
Shell
Coil
Refrigerant
Coolant
Coolant Tubes

Evaporative Condensor:
Blower motor
Air Blower
Drift Eliminator
Water Spray nozzles
Refrigerant
Water Sump
Water pump
Coiled Tubes

Air condenser Unit:

Steam turbine
Steam turbine Distributor
Axial Flow Fan
Below
Dog Bone
Rupture Disk
Duct Drain Pot
Drain Pot Pump
Deaerator
Condensate Tank
Condesnsor Pump
Vaccum system
Steel Support Structure
ATM
Condensate return Line

Weir
Tube Bundle
Baffle Support Plates
G Type Shell

Heat Exhanger
Quench Tower
Separator
Heater
Stablizer
https://www.valin.com/resources/articles/confirm-best-practices-for-compressed-air-in-refineries

https://www.chemengonline.com/ethylene-production-via-cracking-ethane-propane/

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Cracking and quenching. Initially, an ethane-propane mixture is fed to furnaces in which

From a decanter downstream from the

Compression and drying. The compression of the cracked gas is performed across five s

Separation.

At this point, condensates from the chilling train are fed to a series of se

The top of the deethanizer, composed primarily of ethylene and ethane, is fed to an acety

The deethanizer bottom stream is fed to a depropanizer, which distills C3 components in

recycled to the compressors, while polymer-grade (PG) propy

stripper http://encyclopedia.che.engin.umich.edu/Pages/Separatio

https://sci-hub.tw/https://
ir-in-refineries

re is fed to furnaces in which, under high-severity conditions, it is cracked, forming ethylene, propylene and other byproducts. The furn
formation of undesirable byproducts.

anter downstream from the quench tower, heavies, condensed dilution steam, tar and coke are removed. Cracked gas from the quenc

as is performed across five stages. After the third stage of compression, carbon dioxide and sulfur are removed from the cracked gas b
subsequently dried by molecular sieves that remove most of the water.

Separation. The dried cracked gas is fed to a cold box for the removal of hydrogen and light hydrocarbons, while minim

train are fed to a series of separation columns. In the first column (demethanizer), methane is obtained from the top and further used

nd ethane, is fed to an acetylene converter and then fractionated in the C2-splitter. In this column, lights are removed from the overhe
column as a side stream. Ethane, from C2-splitter bottoms, is recycled to the cracking furnaces.

ch distills C3 components in the overheads. This overhead stream is catalytically hydrotreated for methyl acetylene and propadiene re
e polymer-grade (PG) propylene is drawn from the column as a side stream. Propane from C3-splitter bottoms is recycled to the crack

umich.edu/Pages/SeparationsChemical/Strippers/Strippers.html

https://sci-hub.tw/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtice.2016.04.027
d other byproducts. The furnace outlet stream is subsequently fed to a water-based quench, to prevent further reactions and

Cracked gas from the quench is then directed to compression and separation.

oved from the cracked gas by caustic soda and water washes in a caustic scrubber. The compressed cracked gas is cooled and
st of the water.

t hydrocarbons, while minimizing ethylene losses.

m the top and further used in the cold box, while the bottom stream is fed to a second column (deethanizer).

re removed from the overheads and recycled to the compression system, while polymer-grade (PG) ethylene is drawn from the
ed to the cracking furnaces.

acetylene and propadiene removal, and then fed to the C3-splitter. In this column, lights are removed from the overheads and
oms is recycled to the cracking furnaces. A C4+ stream is obtained from the depropanizer bottoms.
ther reactions and

d gas is cooled and

er).

ne is drawn from the

the overheads and