The Effect of COVID-19 Pandemic to The Monthly Gross Family

Income Of Third Year Centro Escolar University School of

Accountancy and Management Students S.Y. 2020-2021: A
Comparative Analysis
Barrameda, Kathryn Taddaea; Bandiola, Frances Sophia; Bucot, Maria Alizah; Garcia, Thea Beatrice;
Rocera, Angela Louise; Macalino, Rei Aaron; and, Olea, PJ Sheed D.
Centro Escolar University, 9 Mendiola Street, San Miguel Manila, Philippines

ABSTRACT
The onset of COVID19 pandemic was unforeseen by the entire world. Nations experienced various
economic and social effects brought about by the crisis. Different measures taken
by each country has affected many households including their financial aspect.
This research paper would like to determine whether there is indeed a significant
difference between the monthly gross family income before and during the
COVID19 pandemic. The researchers were able to collect data from 50 Third
Year Centro Escolar University School of Accountancy and Management
Students. The researchers collected data regarding the students’ monthly family
income before and during the pandemic. They used the T-Test function in order
to interpret the data effectively. The researchers also tabulated the percentage of
incomes which have increased, decreased, or remained steady during the crisis.
Results from the study substantiated that there is a significant difference between
the two aforementioned variables. Furthermore, there were 54% of families
whose income decreased, 44% whose income remained steady, and 2% whose
income increased. Indeed, the COVID19 pandemic has significantly affected the
financial income of families. The pandemic has led most of the Filipinos
experience decline not only income but also in their quality of life.

Keywords: COVID19, monthly gross family income, increase, decrease, steady

1. INTRODUCTION
The Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) is a highly contagious disease that put the whole world under a
global pandemic. It has affected all segments of the population causing negative impacts on both social and
economic sector. With the measures taken by each country to contain the virus, it has affected many households
in variety of ways (UNDP, 2020).

The Philippines has been on community quarantine since March 15, 2020 where people’s movement was
limited to prevent the spread of the disease (Tomacruz, 2020). During the past months, several households have
experienced loss of livelihood, higher prices of staple goods, limited supply of basic necessities, and disruptions
in health care services and education.

Economically speaking, a survey conducted by Sanchez 2020 showed that about 78.1% of households with
a member earning below PHP 9,000.00 lost their jobs during the first month of lockdown. On the other hand,
about 66.7% of households with a member earning PHP 190,400.00 did not lose their jobs. For the middle-class
households, 55% lost their job during the first month of the implemented lockdown (Sanchez 2020).
 Social Weather Station (SWS) survey shows that 83% of Filipinos reported a decline in quality of life
compared a year ago; and government data shows that 44% of workers lost their jobs two months after
lockdown. Studies project that pandemic’s effects on unemployment, business shutdowns, and income would
increase household poverty by 7.2 percentage points (Villarin, 2020). In addition, parents and students assert
that the pandemic affected their household finances (Magsambol, 2020). Officials in the Philippine Higher
Education have warned that enrollment in both private and state universities and colleges is expected to plunge
by as much 70% this coming school year due to economic hardships (Romero, 2020). Budget insufficiency
brought by income decline pushed Filipino families to compromise essential needs such as education despite
being able to afford it before.

Bangham and Leslie (2020) states that the typical workers in the shutdown sector of the economy today are
the most worried about making ends meet if they lose their main source of income for a month. The coronavirus
pandemic is affecting the lives of many but individual experiences differ greatly depending on household
composition, employment and income level (Patrick and Garthwaite, 2020). Based on the key findings in the
Corona Virus Financial Impact tracker, Kempson and Poppe (2020) concludes that families struggle to pay bills
and credit commitments, few had sought assistance from creditors, and many recognize income insecurity.
These indirect effects were unexpected which is why most of the families find themselves financially
unprepared and insecure. Furthermore, the coronavirus crisis not only harms the pocketbooks of low-income
families but also affects their psychological well-being These effects are likely the result of both economic
hardship and anxiety about the coronavirus itself (Werth and Kopparam, 2020). Lack of employment, it being
one of the most strongly evidenced determinants of mental health, can decrease quality of life, social status,
self-esteem and achievement of life goals (Kousoulis et al., 2020). The entire world was in distress as a result of
COVID-19 threats, including the working population, students, and families, as the reality of the situation was
challenging to bear (Onyema, 2020).

Based on collected studies, it is evident that many families have been negatively affected financially.
The researchers, through its efforts, aim to give relevant findings to raise awareness about the current situation
of Filipino families especially the low to middle income earners with students enrolled in private institutions.
The researchers believe that job losses and income decline amidst pandemic is an uncontrollable factor for
families. Most of them find themselves helpless when they lose their only source of living. With these, it is
important for the government to anticipate the economic hardships and act upon it. Policymakers must ensure to
provide support to families, especially those who are heavily affected.

Consequently, this study aims to identify if there is any significant difference between the gross monthly
family income of the students before and during the pandemic. Many studies have explored aspects of mental
health and its relation to economic hardships experienced by Filipino families. However, these past studies have
not always sufficiently explored the possible significant differences between the families’ gross income before
and during the pandemic. In this study, the researchers aim to determine the level of decline in the gross family
income and if it impacts families’ quality of life to a certain degree.

In conducting this study, relevant facts such as statistical and government data were studied in order to gain
information about the current financial situation of the Filipino families. The researchers investigate the effect
of pandemic in the monthly gross income of families. To execute this, comparable data were gathered to
identify significant differences. The researchers use methods in this study known to save more time and allow
the researchers to study cause-and-effect relationships.
2. METHODS AND MATERIALS
This study aimed to see if there is a significant difference in the gross monthly family income before and
during the COVID-19 pandemic of 3 rd Year School of Accountancy and Management students S.Y. 2020 –
2021 in Centro Escolar University, Manila.

The researchers used non-experimental research design in order to achieve the quantitative data needed. For
the purpose of this research, survey form of data gathering was used with questionnaires as the main instrument
for data collection. It was disseminated through the convenience of Google Forms requiring the complete and
honest response from the participants.

This quantitative research was executed online at the School of Accountancy and Management Centro
Escolar University, Academic Year 2020 – 2021. The respondents were comprised of fifty (50) SAM students
composed of programs in Bachelor of Science in Accountancy, Business Administration major in Marketing
Management, and Business Administration major in Management. The questionnaires were given to
respondents from purposive sampling where own judgement is relied upon when choosing participants that fit
the characteristics and purposes of the study.

To interpret the collected data and information effectively, the researchers employed the following
statistical treatment:

1. T-Test
This treatment will determine if there is a significant difference in the monthly gross family income before
and during the COVID-19 pandemic. The researchers used Microsoft Excel in applying the said formula
for convenience. The computed value is then compared to its equivalent Tabular Value and its P-Value is
compared to the 0.05 Level of Significance used in the study in order to achieve the results.
Formula:
x́1− x́ 2 Where t = computed value
t= x1 = mean of 1st sample
2 2
SD SD
√ n1
1
+
n2
2 x2
SD1
SD2
n1
=
=
=
=
mean of 2nd sample
standard deviation of 1st sample
standard deviation of 2nd sample
total of 1st sample
n2 = total of 2nd sample

The study had open classes in its grouped data (More than 50,000 and Less than 10,000). According to
Glenn 2014, you may assume that those classes have the same width as other classes in order to get the
midpoint.

2. Percentage
This treatment will determine the percentage of those families who had an increase, decrease, or steady
income during the COVID19 pandemic.
Formula:
F Where % = Percentage
%= x 100 F = Frequency
N N = Total Number of Respondents
100 = Constant Value
3. RESULTS
The collected data were organized into a grouped data table as follows:
Gross Monthly Family Income Before COVID19 Pandemic
Class Frequency Class Mark <C >C
No. Class Interval (f) (x) FX F F x2F
1 50000 59000 15 54,500 817500 50 15 44553750000
2 40000 49000 9 44,500 400500 35 24 17822250000
3 30000 39000 6 34,500 207000 26 30 7141500000
4 20000 29000 14 24,500 343000 20 44 8403500000
5 10000 19000 4 14,500 58000 6 48 841000000
6 0 9000 2 4,500 9000 2 50 40500000
Total     50   1835000     78802500000
Figure 1. Grouped Data for Gross Monthly Family Income before COVID19 Pandemic

Gross Monthly Family Income During COVID19 Pandemic

Class Frequency Class Mark <C >C
No. Class Interval (f) (x) FX F F x2F
1 50000 59000 6 54,500 327000 50 6 17821500000
2 40000 49000 7 44,500 311500 44 13 13861750000
3 30000 39000 9 34,500 310500 37 22 10712250000
4 20000 29000 13 24,500 318500 28 35 7803250000
5 10000 19000 9 14,500 130500 15 44 1892250000
6 0 9000 6 4,500 27000 6 50 121500000
Total     50   1425000     52212500000
Figure 2. Grouped Data for Gross Monthly Family Income during COVID19 Pandemic

After utilizing the data above, the researchers were able to compute the following measures:
Mean 36700 Mean 28500
Variance 233836734.7 Variance 236734693.9
SD 15291.72112 SD 15386.18516
Figure 3. Mean, Variance, and Standard Deviation of Figure 1 Figure 4. Mean, Variance, and Standard Deviation of Figure 2

The computed data above were used in order to proceed with the T-Test Function as follows:
T-Test 2.672920717
Tabular Value 1.984467455
P-Value 0.008808774
Figure 5. Computed T-Test, Tabular Value, and P-Value

Computed Value Tabular Value Decision

Family Reject Null. Accept Alternative.
2.672920717 1.984467455
Income There is Significant Difference.

If the computed value is greater than its equivalent tabular value, then the null hypothesis must be rejected
and the alternative hypothesis must be accepted. Based on the results of the study, the computed value is 2.67
and the tabular value is 1.98. Since the computed value is greater than the tabular value, the researchers must
reject the null hypothesis and accept the alternative hypothesis that there is a significant difference between the
two given situations.

Level of
P-Value Decision
Significance
Reject Null. Accept Alternative.
Family Income 0.008808774 0.05
There is Significant Difference.

Accordingly, when the computed P-value is less than the significance level used, then the null hypothesis
must be rejected and the alternative hypothesis must be accepted. Based on the results of the study, the
computed P-value is 0.0088 and the significance level used is 0.05. Since the computed P-value is less than the
significance level, the researchers must reject the null hypothesis and accept the alternative hypothesis that there
is a significant difference between the two given situations.

Consequently, the researchers determined the respective percentages of those families whose gross monthly
income increased, decreased, or maintained. There were 27 families whose income decreased, 22 families
whose income were maintained or steady, and 1 family whose income increased. The equivalent percentages
were as follows:

Gross Monthly Family Income During COVID19 Pandemic

Increase Decrease Steady
2%

44%

54%

Figure 6. Percentage of Increase, Decrease, and Steady Gross Monthly Income During COVID19 Pandemic
4. DISCUSSION
Based on the previous collected studies, it is evident that many families’ financial needs have been
negatively affected especially the low to middle income earners. Job losses and income decline brought by the
pandemic is an uncontrollable factor for families as markedly evidenced by similar studies and surveys. Most of
the families found themselves helpless when they lost their only source of living. Majority of studies exploring
the impact and effect of pandemic in the economy have noticeable similarities – many families suffer economic
hardships as they experience decline in their monthly income. Indirect effects of the pandemic such as business
shutdowns and lack of employment also affect the psychological well-being of families as it contributes to their
increasing degree of anxiety.

In this study, the results state that there is a significant difference in the gross monthly family income of the
CEU SAM students and comparing it with the computed percentages, majority of the CEU SAM students are
currently experiencing financial difficulties. 54% of the respondents experienced decrease in their monthly
income. This indicates that the outcome of the current study is in consonance with the previous related studies.
More than half of the students have expressed that their gross monthly family income decreased during the
pandemic. This is probably caused by the multiple negative effects of the pandemic previously elaborated.
Many employees and workers have been cynically affected as business entities have shut down; some retracted
due to limited operations and some were forced to declare bankruptcy. The pandemic has led most of the
Filipinos experience decline not only income but also in their quality of life.

On the other hand, a substantial percentage of 44% of the respondents whose families’ gross monthly
income were steady even during the pandemic. Centro Escolar University, being a private institution, has
students who are well-off and may not be seriously affected by the crisis. Regardless, as statistically proven,
there is still significant difference between the gross monthly family income of the students before and during
the Corona Virus 2019 pandemic.

An exception to the results is a single outlier who is a respondent that stated an increase in their gross
monthly family income despite the pandemic situation. It was accounted as an outlier because it did not follow
the general trend of the rest of the data.

5. CONCLUSION
It was concluded and determined from the study that indeed, there is a significant difference and effect in
the monthly gross family income of Third Year Centro Escolar University School of Accountancy and
Management Students School Year 2020 - 2021.

As Villarin 2020 substantiated, the pandemic affected the increase in unemployment, closing of businesses,
and income differences. Meaning, the indirect effects of the crisis has significantly distressed the economic
environment experienced by the country. Furthermore, the parents and the students themselves have professed
that their household finances were severely affected by the COVID19 pandemic (Magsambol, 2020). Truly, the
coronavirus pandemic is having an impact on the lives of the Filipino people. However, experiences vary
notably depending on the composition of household, employment status, and income level of the individual
families (Patrick and Garthwaite, 2020). This denotes that those who have negative measures on the
aforementioned aspects will more likely experience a heavier bludgeon.

With this, the researchers once again substantiated the effect of the COVID19 pandemic in the economic
and social facets undergone by the Filipino families. This is with the hopes of raising awareness with what the
Filipinos experienced and are currently experiencing amidst the crisis. With that, the government, educational
institutions, and other relevant organizations should take into account these studies and results in their chosen
courses of actions. These numbers and information should be considered in the planning and execution of
strategies proposed by the said organizations so as to pursue the connotation the no Filipino should be left
behind.
REFERENCES
Bangham, G., & Leslie, J. (2020, June). An audit of household wealth and the initial effects of the coronavirus crisis
on saving and spending in Great Britain. Standard Life Foundation.

Chakraborti, I., & Maity, P. (202). COVID-19 outbreak: Migration, effects on society, global environment and
prevention. Science of the Total Environment.

Kempson, E., & Poppe, C. (2020, April). Corona Virus Financial Impact Tracker. United Kingdom: Standard Life
Foundation.

Kousoulis, A., Shari, M., Krepaz Keay, D., Solomon, S., Lombardo, C., Yap, J., et al. (2020, May). The COVID-19
Pandemic, Financial Inequality and Mental Health. Mental Health Foundatiom.

Magsambol, B. (2020, July 8). Over 200,000 students transfer from private to public schools amid pandemic.

Onyema, M. (2020). Impact of Coronavirus Pandemic on Education. Journal of Education and Practice.

Patrick, R., & Garthwaite, K. (2020, April). COVID realities: families on low incomes during the pandemic. United
Kingdom: Nuffield Foundation.

Romero, P. (2020, July 1). College Enrollment May Plunge By Up To 70 Percent, Officials Warn.

Sanchez, M. J. (2020, May 4). Effect of ECQ on jobs due to coronavirus COVID-19 Philippines 2020, by income.
Philippines.

UNDP. (2020). COVID-19 Socio Economic Impact. United Nations Development Programme.

Villarin, T. (2020, July 24). [ANALYSIS] Stingy Duterte fights the coronavirus with whiplash. Philippines.

Werth, A., & Kopparam, R. (2020, April 1). How the coronavirus pandemic is harming family well-being for U.S.
low-wage workers.

Tomacruz, S. (2020, March 13). What is 'community quarantine' and will it work?. Retrieved from
https://rappler.com/newsbreak/iq/things-to-know-community-quarantine.

Glen, S. (2017, December 10). Midpoint / Class Mark (in Statistics). Retrieved from //www.statisticshowto.com/mid
point-in-statistics/
APPENDIX 1
SAMPLE ONLINE QUESTIONNAIRE

THE EFFECT OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC TO THE MONTHLY GROSS FAMILY INCOME OF THIRD
YEAR CENTRO ESCOLAR UNIVERSITY SAM STUDENTS S.Y. 2020-2021: A COMPARATIVE
ANALYSIS

1. How many persons live in your household?

o Less than 2
o 2 to 4
o 5 to 7
o More than 7

2. Average monthly family income from January to February 2020 (BEFORE PANDEMIC)
o P 50,000 and above
o P 40,000 to P 49,000
o P 30,000 to P 39,000
o P 20,000 to P 29,000
o P 10,000 to P 19,000
o Less than P 10,000

3. Average monthly family income from March to July 2020 (DURING PANDEMIC)
o P 50,000 and above
o P 40,000 to P 49,000
o P 30,000 to P 39,000
o P 20,000 to P 29,000
o P 10,000 to P 19,000
o Less than P 10,000
APPENDIX 2
MICROSOFT EXCEL FILE RAW DATA
Name Course Year Level Family Member Income Before Income During Effect
BUCOT, MARIA ALIZAH L. BS Accountancy 3RD YEAR 5 to 7 P 50,000 and above P 30,000 to P 39,000 Decrease
Macalino, Rei Aaron Carlo P. BS Accountancy 3RD YEAR 2 to 4 P 50,000 and above P 50,000 and above Steady
Kathryn Barrameda BS Accountancy 3RD YEAR 2 to 4 P 50,000 and above P 50,000 and above Steady
Rocero, Angela Louise S. BS Accountancy 3RD YEAR More than 7 P 50,000 and above P 30,000 to P 39,000 Decrease
Jaira Flores BSBA Management 3RD YEAR 5 to 7 P 10,000 to P 19,000 Less than P 10,000 Decrease
Garcia, Thea Beatrice BS Accountancy 3RD YEAR 2 to 4 P 30,000 to P 39,000 P 10,000 to P 19,000 Decrease
Frances Sophia BS Accountancy 3RD YEAR 5 to 7 P 20,000 to P 29,000 Less than P 10,000 Decrease
Andrea BSBA Management 3RD YEAR 5 to 7 P 30,000 to P 39,000 P 10,000 to P 19,000 Decrease
Quenee Ragual BSBA Management 3RD YEAR 5 to 7 P 50,000 and above P 30,000 to P 39,000 Decrease
Danica Carolino BSBA Management 3RD YEAR 2 to 4 P 20,000 to P 29,000 Less than P 10,000 Decrease
Panganiban BSBA Management 3RD YEAR 2 to 4 P 40,000 to P 49,000 P 30,000 to P 39,000 Decrease
Carlos benito BSBA Marketing Management 3RD YEAR More than 7 P 20,000 to P 29,000 P 20,000 to P 29,000 Steady
Christine Tauyan BSBA Management 3RD YEAR 5 to 7 P 20,000 to P 29,000 P 20,000 to P 29,000 Steady
Kristine Ramos BSBA Marketing Management 3RD YEAR 2 to 4 P 40,000 to P 49,000 P 20,000 to P 29,000 Decrease
Lagunday, Jeann Mariz BSBA Management 3RD YEAR 2 to 4 P 50,000 and above P 50,000 and above Steady
Aaron BSBA Marketing Management 3RD YEAR 2 to 4 P 40,000 to P 49,000 P 20,000 to P 29,000 Decrease
Gia Anne Miciano BSBA Marketing Management 3RD YEAR 2 to 4 P 50,000 and above P 50,000 and above Steady
Grash Lita BSBA Marketing Management 3RD YEAR 2 to 4 P 50,000 and above P 50,000 and above Steady
Angelito A. De Guzman III BSBA Marketing Management 3RD YEAR 2 to 4 P 10,000 to P 19,000 P 10,000 to P 19,000 Steady
Chevrolet Padasas BSBA Marketing Management 3RD YEAR 5 to 7 P 50,000 and above P 30,000 to P 39,000 Decrease
Ederlyn Galman BSBA Management 3RD YEAR 2 to 4 P 40,000 to P 49,000 P 40,000 to P 49,000 Steady
Pamela BSBA Management 3RD YEAR 2 to 4 P 20,000 to P 29,000 P 10,000 to P 19,000 Decrease
Mejilla, Isabela Bernadette A. BSBA Management 3RD YEAR 5 to 7 P 30,000 to P 39,000 P 30,000 to P 39,000 Steady
Bryan Marvin E. Resulta BSBA Management 3RD YEAR 2 to 4 P 20,000 to P 29,000 P 20,000 to P 29,000 Steady
Jaye BSBA Management 3RD YEAR 5 to 7 P 40,000 to P 49,000 P 30,000 to P 39,000 Decrease
Ria Lozeriaga BSBA Management 3RD YEAR 2 to 4 P 20,000 to P 29,000 P 10,000 to P 19,000 Decrease
Aaron Felizmena BSBA Marketing Management 3RD YEAR 5 to 7 P 40,000 to P 49,000 P 40,000 to P 49,000 Steady
Baygan, John Arlene BSBA Marketing Management 3RD YEAR 5 to 7 P 50,000 and above P 40,000 to P 49,000 Decrease
Dionisio, Pamela Andrea B. BSBA Management 3RD YEAR More than 7 P 50,000 and above P 50,000 and above Steady
Sheila Rosario BSBA Management 3RD YEAR 2 to 4 P 20,000 to P 29,000 P 10,000 to P 19,000 Decrease
PJ Sheed D. Olea BS Accountancy 3RD YEAR 2 to 4 P 30,000 to P 39,000 P 10,000 to P 19,000 Decrease
Lopez, Diovedi P. BSBA Management 3RD YEAR 2 to 4 P 20,000 to P 29,000 P 40,000 to P 49,000 Increase
Carlos Benito BSBA Marketing Management 3RD YEAR More than 7 P 20,000 to P 29,000 P 20,000 to P 29,000 Steady
April Javier Business Management 3RD YEAR 5 to 7 P 40,000 to P 49,000 P 30,000 to P 39,000 Decrease
Renz Calalan BS Management Accounting 2ND YEAR 5 to 7 P 30,000 to P 39,000 P 20,000 to P 29,000 Decrease
Eric Gabrielle Tuadles BSBA Marketing Management 2ND YEAR 5 to 7 P 50,000 and above P 20,000 to P 29,000 Decrease
Joane Kazaira Biaco BS Accountancy 2ND YEAR 5 to 7 P 40,000 to P 49,000 P 20,000 to P 29,000 Decrease
Jonavel Ortega BS Management Accounting 2ND YEAR 2 to 4 P 10,000 to P 19,000 Less than P 10,000 Decrease
Joanne Shena P. Bolima BS Accountancy 2ND YEAR 2 to 4 P 20,000 to P 29,000 P 20,000 to P 29,000 Steady
Justine C. Lacorte BS Accountancy 2ND YEAR 2 to 4 Less than P 10,000 Less than P 10,000 Steady
MIRIAM MYLES M BALLERAS BS Accountancy 2ND YEAR 2 to 4 P 50,000 and above P 40,000 to P 49,000 Decrease
Van Cleef B. Tagal BS Accountancy 2ND YEAR More than 7 P 20,000 to P 29,000 P 20,000 to P 29,000 Steady
Klarisse Notario BS Accountancy 2ND YEAR 5 to 7 P 10,000 to P 19,000 P 10,000 to P 19,000 Steady
Wendy Nicole Tan BSBA Financial Management 2ND YEAR 2 to 4 P 30,000 to P 39,000 P 30,000 to P 39,000 Steady
Ryan Leopardas BSBA Management 3RD YEAR 5 to 7 P 50,000 and above P 40,000 to P 49,000 Decrease
Ayroso, Elandrew Jeorge A. BSBA Financial Management 2ND YEAR 5 to 7 Less than P 10,000 Less than P 10,000 Steady
Alek BSBA Financial Management 2ND YEAR 5 to 7 P 40,000 to P 49,000 P 40,000 to P 49,000 Steady
Solis, Julianne Miguel N. BS Accountancy 2ND YEAR 5 to 7 P 20,000 to P 29,000 P 20,000 to P 29,000 Steady
Carmela General BS Accountancy 3RD YEAR 5 to 7 P 20,000 to P 29,000 P 10,000 to P 19,000 Decrease
Daisy Ceniza BS Accountancy 3RD YEAR 2 to 4 P 50,000 and above P 20,000 to P 29,000 Decrease

The following sample formulas were used for calculations for the translation of the effect:
=IF(AND(E2="P 50,000 and above",F2="P 50,000 and above"),"Steady",IF(AND(E2="P 50,000 and above",F2="P 40,000 to P
49,000"),"Decrease","Decrease"))
=IF(AND(E6="P 10,000 to P 19,000",F6="P 10,000 to P 19,000"),"Steady",IF(AND(E6="P 10,000 to P 19,000",F6="P 50,000
and above"),"Increase",IF(AND(E6="P 10,000 to P 19,000",F6="P 40,000 to P 49,000"),"Increase",IF(AND(E6="P 10,000 to P
19,000",F6="P 30,000 to P 39,000"),"Increase",IF(AND(E6="P 10,000 to P 19,000",F6="P 20,000 to P
29,000"),"Increase",IF(AND(E6="P 10,000 to P 19,000",F6="Less than P 10,000"),"Decrease","Decrease"))))))
=IF(AND(E7="P 30,000 to P 39,000",F7="P 30,000 to P 39,000"),"Steady",IF(AND(E7="P 30,000 to P 39,000",F7="P 50,000
and above"),"Increase",IF(AND(E7="P 30,000 to P 39,000",F7="P 40,000 to P 49,000"),"Increase",IF(AND(E7="P 30,000 to P
39,000",F7="P 20,000 to P 29,000"),"Decrease","Decrease"))))
=IF(AND(E13="P 20,000 to P 29,000",F13="P 20,000 to P 29,000"),"Steady",IF(AND(E13="P 20,000 to P 29,000",F13="P
50,000 and above"),"Increase",IF(AND(E13="P 20,000 to P 29,000",F13="P 40,000 to P 49,000"),"Increase",IF(AND(E13="P
20,000 to P 29,000",F13="P 30,000 to P 39,000"),"Increase",IF(AND(E13="P 20,000 to P 29,000",F13="P 10,000 to P
19,000"),"Decrease","Decrease")))))