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BAB Tenaga dan Perubahan Kimia

5 Energy and Chemical Changes

1 Tuliskan tiga perubahan fizik dalam peta bulatan di bawah.


Write three physical changes in the circle map below.

Penyejatan air
Evaporation of water

Perubahan
fizik
Physical
changes

Peleburan lilin Pembentukan


Melting of wax embun
Formation of dew

2 Tuliskan tiga perubahan kimia dalam peta dakap di bawah.


Write three chemical changes in the brace map below.

Pereputan daun
Decay of leaves

Perubahan kimia Respirasi sel


Chemical changes Cellular respiration

Pencernaan makanan
Digestion of food

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3 Bandingkan perubahan fizik dan perubahan kimia dalam peta buih berganda di bawah.
Compare physical changes and chemical changes in the double bubble map below.

Bahan
baharu tidak Bahan
terbentuk baharu terbentuk
New substance New substance
is not formed is formed

Perubahan Merupakan Perubahan


fizik perubahan jirim kimia
Physical They are changes Chemical
changes in matter changes
Tindak balas Tindak
kimia tidak berlaku balas kimia berlaku
Chemical reaction Chemical reaction
does not occur occurs
Tiada Perubahan
perubahan dalam dalam komposisi
komposisi kimia kimia
No change in Change in
the chemical the chemical
composition composition

4 Tuliskan contoh-contoh bahan yang membebaskan haba (tindak balas eksotermik) dan menyerap haba (tindak balas
endotermik) apabila melarut dalam air, dalam peta pokok di bawah ini.
Write examples of substances which release heat (undergo exothermic reactions) and absorb heat (undergo endothermic
reactions) when dissolve in water, in the tree map below.

Bahan larut dalam air


Substances that dissolve in water

Membebaskan haba (tindak balas eksotermik) Menyerap haba (tindak balas endotermik)
Release heat (undergo exothermic reactions) Absorb heat (undergo endothermic reactions)

Natrium hidroksida Ammonium nitrat


Sodium hydroxide Ammonium nitrate

Asid sulfurik pekat Ammonium sulfat


Concentrated sulphuric acid Ammonium sulphate

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5 Lengkapkan peta alir di bawah untuk menunjukkan susunan kereaktifan logam dengan oksigen atau air.
Complete the flow map below to show the arrangement of metals according to their reactivity with oxygen or water.

Natrium Kalsium Magnesium Aluminium Zink Besi


Sodium Calcium Magnesium Aluminium Zinc Iron

Kereaktifan semakin menurun/Reactivity decreases

6 Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas logam dengan air, oksigen atau asid dalam peta dakap di bawah.
Write the chemical equations for the reaction of a metal with water, oxygen or acid, in the brace map below.

Natrium dengan air Natrium + air → natrium hidroksida + hidrogen


Sodium with water Sodium + water → sodium hydroxide + hydrogen

Tindak balas Magnesium dengan oksigen Magnesium + oksigen → magnesium oksida


Reactions Magnesium with oxygen Magnesium + oxygen → magnesium oxide

Zink dengan asid hidroklorik Zink + asid hidroklorik → zink klorida + hidrogen
Zinc with hydrochloric acid Zinc + hydrochloric acid → zinc chloride + hydrogen

7 Susunkan karbon, plumbum, aluminium dan zink mengikut tertib kereaktifan yang semakin menurun dalam peta
alir yang disediakan.
Arrange carbon, lead, aluminium and zinc according to reactivity in descending order, in the flow map provided.

Aluminium Karbon Zink Plumbum


Aluminium Carbon Zinc Lead

Kereaktifan semakin menurun/Reactivity decreases

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8 Tuliskan lima logam yang perlu diekstrak melalui elektrolisis dalam peta bulatan di bawah.
Write five metals that need to be extracted by electrolysis, in the circle map below.

Kalium Magnesium
Potassium Magnesium

Logam
Natrium Metals Kalsium
Sodium Calcium

Aluminium
Aluminium

9 Lengkapkan peta buih di bawah dengan logam-logam yang boleh diekstrak dengan memanaskan bijihnya bersama
karbon.
Complete the bubble map below by stating the metals that can be extracted by heating their ores together with carbon.

Timah
Tin

Plumbum Logam Besi


Lead Metals Iron

Zink
Zinc

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10 Lengkapkan peta pelbagai alir di bawah tentang aplikasi elektrolisis.
Complete the multi-flow map below by stating the applications of electrolysis.

Penulenan logam
Purification of metals

Aplikasi
elektrolisis Pengekstrakan logam
Applications of Extraction of metals
electrolysis

Penyaduran logam
Electroplating of metals

11 Lengkapkan peta pelbagai alir di bawah dengan cara-cara untuk memperoleh penyaduran logam yang berkualiti
tinggi melalui elektrolisis.
Complete the multi-flow map below by stating the ways for obtaining a high quality metal plating by electrolysis.

Arus elektrik atau voltan yang kecil dialirkan.


A small electric current or voltage is used.

Elektrolit yang cair digunakan.


A dilute electrolyte is used.

Penyaduran
Kualiti tinggi
logam High quality
Metal plating

Tempoh penyaduran adalah lama.


The duration of electroplating is long.

Logam yang hendak disadur perlu dibersihkan.


The metal to be electroplated must be cleaned.

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12 Lengkapkan peta buih di bawah dengan pelbagai jenis sel (bateri).
Complete the bubble map below by stating the various types of cells (batteries).

Sel kering Bateri alkali


Dry cell Alkaline battery

Jenis sel
Akumulator asid- Types of cells Bateri
plumbum nikel-kadmium
Lead-acid Nickel-cadmium
accumulator battery

Sel merkuri
Mercury cell

13 Tuliskan sel atau bateri yang ‘boleh dicas semula’ dan ‘tidak boleh dicas semula’ dalam peta dakap di bawah.
Write the cells or batteries which are rechargeable’ and ‘non-rechargeable’, in the brace map below.

Akumulator asid-plumbum
Lead-acid accumulator
Tidak boleh dicas semula
Non-rechargeable
Bateri nikel-kadmium
Nickel-cadmium battery

Sel atau bateri


Cells or batteries

Sel kering
Dry cell

Boleh dicas semula Bateri alkali


Rechargeable Alkaline battery

Sel merkuri
Mercury cell

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14 Tuliskan kelebihan dan kekurangan akumulator asid-plumbum dalam peta pokok di bawah ini.
Write the advantages and disadvantages of the lead-acid accumulator, in the tree map below.

Akumulator asid-plumbum
Lead-acid accumulator

Kelebihan Kekurangan
Advantages Disadvantages

Tahan lama Mahal


Durable Expensive

Membekalkan voltan tinggi Berat


Supplies a high voltage Heavy

Dapat dicas semula Elektrolit mudah tertumpah


Rechargeable The electrolyte spills easily

15 Tuliskan bahan-bahan yang diperlukan dan yang dihasilkan dalam proses fotosintesis dalam peta pelbagai alir
di bawah.
Write the substances that are required and produced in the process of photosynthesis, in the multi-flow map below.

Karbon dioksida
Carbon dioxide

Glukosa
Glucose

Air
Water

Fotosintesis
Photosynthesis

Cahaya
Light

Oksigen
Oxygen

Klorofil
Chlorophyll

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