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5. Substructure Design

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Bridge Substructures mainly consist of

 Abutments and Wingwalls
Piers and Columns
Bearings

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Back
wall
Wi n g
Wall

Bearing Pier Cap

Abutment
H a mme r
he a d p i e r

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RC PIER DESIGN – Hammer Head Pier

1. General Data:- Bridge dimensions, Loading
Specifications, Design Standard and
Necessary material properties
2. Relevant Superstructure Data
3. Preliminary Pier Dimensions :- Pier Cap, Pier
Column, Pier Footing
4. Computations of Dead Load Effects :-
Superstructure Dead Loads, Pier Cap Dead
Loads, Pier Column Dead Loads, Pier Footing
Dead Loads, Weight of Soil on top of foofting.

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5. Computation of Live Load Effects(Support

Reactions on the Girders when lanes are
loaded) :- Design H S 20- 44, Design
Tandem/Military Loading, Lane Loading
6. Breaking Force (Horizontal Load)
7. Wind Loads:-
• Wind Load from superstructure:- (Horizontal
pier design wind loads-Longitudinal and
transverse directions), Vertical reactions from
transverse wind load on superstructure

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• Vertical Wind Load on superstructure

• Wind load on vehicles :- Horizontal design
vehicular wind loads (Longitudinal and
Transverse Direction), Vertical reactions from
transverse wind load on vehicle
• Wind load on substructure (Pier)
7. Earthquake Load
8. Temperature Loadings if significant

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9. Combinations of load effects

• Vertical Loads:- Superstructure dead loads,
Vehicular live loads including impact, Vertical
reactions from transverse wind load on
superstructure, Vertical reactions from
transverse wind load on vehicle, reaction due
to vertical wind load superstructure,
• Horizontal Loads:-
 Longitudinal Horizontal Loads :- Due to
breaking load, temperature load, wind load
on superstructure, wind load on vehicle,
wind load directly on pier

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 Transverse Horizontal Loads:- Due to wind

load on superstructure, wind load on vehicle,
wind load directly on pier
10. Load factors and combination of loads for
required strength categories
11. Computation of force effects (Internal
Forces) on structural elements
• Pier cap force effects:- Bending moments,
Shear forces and Torsion
• Pier column force effects:- Axial force,
Transverse moment, Longitudinal moment,
Transverse shear, Longitudinal shear

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• Pier footing force effects:- Axial force,

Transverse moment, Longitudinal moment
12. Design of Structural Elements
• Design of Pier Cap:- Design for flexure, Design
for shear and torsion
• Design of Pier Column:- Design for Axial force
and Biaxial Bending, Design for shear
• Design of footing:- Bearing capacity check,
Punching shear check, Design for flexure,

 Detail statical analysis and design of RC

Hammerhead pier

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Masonry Abutment and Wingwall

Design
1. General Data:- Necessary Bridge dimensions,
Loading Specifications, Design Standard and
Material properties
2. Active and Passive Pressure coefficients using
Rankin or Columb pressure theories
3. Loading Calculations:- From dead loads, Live
Loads
4. Load Combinations
5. Load and Moment Calculations

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6. Stability Check
• Location of resultant force
• Bearing pressure check
• Stabilty against sliding
• Design of footing:- check depth for wide beam
shear, flexure design

 Detail statical analysis and design of Masonry

Abutment and Wingwall

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