The Newtonian Laws of Motion:

- Sir Isaac Newton discovered the many fundamental relationships in mechanics that can
contribute to both human movement and physical activity

- Newtonians laws of motion include: First Law of Inertia, Second Law of Acceleration, and
Third Law of Action and Reaction

- They help to explain how you apply force to an object, how force determines the
movement of objects and how movement can become more efficient

- Understanding Newtons laws of motion can help to develop new skills, detect errors in
performance, improve safety, prevent injuries and can design new, more efficient
equipment.

Activity 4.1:

What three laws of physics are useful for analysing sports and physical activities?

The three laws of physics that are useful for analysing sport and pe are the first law of
inertia, second law of acceleration and the third law of action and reaction.

Explain how understanding Newtons law can help athletes?

Newtons laws are able to help athletes as it can assist them with preventing injuries,
detecting errors in their performance and can develop new skills.

Identify the units used to measure force?

Newtons second law is all about force and uses the formula F=ma to measure the force of
any object or person.

Linear Forces:

- No movement can start without an amount of force behind it

- Force is an action that is applied to an object to start, stop or cause changes in movement

- Some examples of force include gravity, friction, buoyancy, air resistance and lift

Designed for Force:

- When understanding the principles of acceleration, it makes things possible so that the
design of sporting equipment can be improved
- The human body isn’t designed, but different body shapes and qualities can make them
more efficient in some applications of force

Activity 4.2:

Describe Newtons second law of acceleration?

Newtons second law of acceleration deals with the application of force, and it states that
‘Any change in motion is directly proportional to the applied force and is made in the line of
the force ‘.

Explain the formula for Newtons second law of acceleration?

The formula for Newtons second law is F=ma. In this formula, F means force which is also
measured in Newtons, M is for mass and A is for acceleration.

Define Mass?

Mass can be defined as the amount of matter in an object, which is also measured in
kilograms. It can also be defined as a physicals body resistance to acceleration when a net
force is applied.

Apply and Analyse:

Question 1:
F= 0.5 x 60 = 30
The force of the ball that is kicked is 30.

Motion:
The motion of the athletes as well as that of the equipment being manipulated isi complex
and can fall into one of four categories:
linear motion (straight line)
Eg skiing
Angular motion (rotation around an axis)
Eg dancing (spin/ballet)
General motion (combination of linear and angular)
Eg Running
Projectile motion (flight of airborne objects)
Eg Tennis, jumping, throwing.
Factors that influence movement:
Mass Subject to the amount of matter of an object.
Weight Subject to the gravitational pull on an object due to it having mass.
Inertia A body’s reluctance to change its state of motion. Directly proportional to its mass.
Force A PUSH or PULL. A force can: speed up/ slow down/ stop/ change direction.

Volleyball skills:
-Jumping: Serve Hit flatter
Setter
Attacker/blocker
Shoulders spike
Legs Jump
Core Foundation of movement
Receiving serve/ Back court (less jumping)
Anticipation = more speed (reaction time)
Movement  explosive power