LIFT,ESCALATOR AND MOVING WALKS

TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM
IN HIGH RISE BUILDINGS
 LIFT,ESCALATOR AND MOVING WALKS
WHAT IS LIFT?
A vertical transport equipment that efficiently moves people between
floors (levels, deck) of a building, vessel or other structure.
Generally powered by electric
motor that drive by traction cable and
counterweight systems like a hoist or
hydraulic pump.

Closed Lift (typical type)

Open Lift (bubble type)
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HYDRAULIC LIFT
A lift where the vertical movement is
done by hydraulic force.
•They use an underground cylinder
•common for low level buildings with 2–5
floors (up to 6–8 floors)
•have speeds of up to 200 feet/minute (1
meter/second)

GLASS LIFT
• Give passengers a visually stimulating
ride between floors.
• The car walls must be constructed with
laminated glass
•The glass lift consist of entrance area and
a viewing area
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PASSENGER ELEVATORS
Passenger elevators should be located at the circulation core of the building
and be grouped into banks when this is necessary and desirable.

• The required umber of elevators is determined by:

Building type
Building height
Number of stops
Floor use
Passenger volume

GOODS ELEVATORS
Elevator designed to carry goods, rather than
passengers.
Freight elevators are typically larger and capable of
carrying heavier loads than a passenger
elevator, generally from 2,300-4,500 kg.
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STRECHER ELEVATOR
Strecher elevator also cater to the health sector by
providing specialized range of Stretcher Elevators
suited for application in hospitals, health centers
and other similar places

CAPSULE ELEVATORS

Capsule Elevators act as Architectural highlights on

prestigious buildings. They can be called the
ornaments of a building as they enhance its beauty
and bring life into it
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AUTOMOBILE ELEVATORS

A car elevator is installed where ramps are considered

space-in conservative.
Car elevators are usually used in parking the vehicles at
different floors, automobile show rooms, automobile
service centers etc.

PANORAMIC ELEVATORS

Panoramic elevators , panoramic lift are designed

basically for malls and other commercials buildings.
It has an overlook over other elevators
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FIREMAN'S LIFT

•For buildings having height of 15m or more

described below :
•Lift car floor area of not less than 1.44 sq.m
• Loading capacity of not less than 544 kg (8
persons).
•Lift landing doors shall have minimum fire
resistance of two hours.
•The lift speed shall be 1.0 m/s or more
•Reachable time to the top floor from the ground (or
entrance) floor within 60 seconds.
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Machine room-less (MRL) elevators

• Most of the components fit within the shaft containing the elevator car;
and a small cabinet houses the elevator controller. Other than the
machinery being in the hoistway, the equipment is similar to a normal
traction elevator.
• Benefits
• Can operate at faster speeds than hydraulics but not normal traction
• Creates more usable space
 Use less energy (70-80% less than hydraulic elevators)
 Uses no oil
 Slightly lower cost than other elevators
 Units.
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Lift Categories According to the Function
• Trade Lift
- Crucial to the good performance to clients of the
building.
- Between 6 – 23 people.
- Speed of elevator 200 – 2000 ft/ min.
- Examples : offices, shopping mall and hotels

• Institution Lift
- Used in library, office, classroom or lecture hall located
at high altitudes.
• Store Lift

- Used to transport heavy goods but depends on types of

good transported.
- Elevator speed 50 – 150ft/min.
- 5000 lbs normal, load haul 20000 lbs.
- Usually used in shoppping complex, airports, hotels,
warehouse
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HIGH RISE LIFT

• Service requirement for high rise building is critical

to balance the upper and lower level services.
• The concept of zone system and sky lobby can be
used.
• Usually divided into zones where high level car will
not stop or pick passengers at lower level.
• Zone which too low will takes passengers down to
lower levels such as 5 – 10 levels below.
FIRE LIFT
Buildings over than 60ft high are required to
provide fire lift.
This lift controlled by a system back on in
emergencies.
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Components of lift
• Control room
• Guides
• Lift car
• Lift car door
• Car rail
• Counter weight
• Control panel
• Lift pit
• Buffer
• Hoist way
• Hoist rope
• Ventilation window
• Flexible cable
• Drive crank
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Lift sub-system

• Control Motion – includes motor, gear, engines, brakes and power supply.
• Control System - to get control the movements of the lift.
• Door Control – contained motor connecting lift car doors, platforms gates and door
safety devices.
• Safety Control – contain the safety gear,
speed controller for the first balance, heat
and lack of power.

GOVERNOR

• Usually placed at the top of lift shaft.

• Placed in room equipped with a lifting
beam for maintenance purposes.
• Have electric motor, safety gear, guard
rail, diaphragm motion and gear.
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LIFT CAR :Platform where passengers or
goods is transported.

•Passenger elevators should be

located at the circulation core of the
building.

•minimum width and depth of the car

shall be 2000 mm
and 1291 mm.(for wheel chair)

•Height of the entrance to the lift car

shall not be less than 2 m.
•The rails shall be at least 38 mm
clear of the walls
• nominal height of 800 mm from the
floor.
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LIFT SHAFT: Constructed

with reinforced concrete.

counterweight :
GEARLESS MOTOR
•To grip the lift car
• Reduce the power of
GUARD RAIL: hold the generator
lift from crashing down • Reduce the brake to
if the rope break. stop the car lifts
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•alarm button and emergency stop switch shall be at a
height of 890 mm,
•highest floor button no higher than 1.37 m from the floor.
•letters or numbers shall be a minimum of 15 mm high

•control buttons shall be at least 19 mm min dimensions.

•standby power within 60

seconds after
failure of normal power. •in fire emergency, DO NOT USE LIFT. USE EXIT STAIRS. This
sign shall be in letters not less than 12 mm high.

• Ventilation window
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•The width of lift machine room shall be equal to be lift
(minimum of 2500 mm)
•The height shall not be less than 2.30 m throughout
under the lifting beam
•the trap door shall not be less than 1.0 m x 1.0 m
•machine room entrance is less than 1.5 m

SHAFT PIT – the bottom end of the

shaft is called pit. •Lift pits having depth more than 1.6 m
shall be provided
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LIFT DOOR

• Lift car is equipped with its own door

(sliding type).
• Security measure – resist the movement as
long as the door is still open.
• 2 types of sliding door :
1. Opened automatically when the lift stops
at
every level.
2. Swing door – will open when the lift
stopped
at the lobby.

LIFT lobby

If lift size is a
Lift size should be 1.5a-2.5a
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SKY LOBBY ZONE

• For building > 40 levels.

• A group lift with high speed moving lift
without interruption from the floor to
the sky lobby.
• The elevator will move with normal
velocity at the next level.

OTHER REQUIREMENTS

• Electrical panels and power outlets.

• Ventilation fan and lighting in engine room.
• Steps down and power sockets in the wells lift (lift pit).
• The structure for lifting the machinery room.
• Maintanence works.
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Selection Factor
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
• Utility – The function must be identified whether for commercial,
office of hospital.
• Capacity & number of lifts – depends on the access building pattern
and building size.
• Speed – depends on the number of stops, numbers of user and
transport cost.
• Type & size of lift gate – depends on the use or function.

PHYSICAL REQUIREMENTS
• Size of lift shaft – depends on lift cargo capacity
• Depth of lift shaft – depends on the speed of elevator
• Area of space in lift – depends on speed of elevators.
• Mechanical room size – depends on type and size of the lift
equipment.
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where A is width of lift

Two Car Arrangement

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where A is width of lift

Three Car Arrangement

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Four Car Arrangement

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Six Car Arrangement

where A is width of lift

where A is width of lift

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where A is width of lift

Eight Car Arrangement

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ADVANTAGES/DISADVANTAGES OF ELEVATOR

O Easier for consumer to use it at office, hospital, shopping mall and

etc.
O Provide comfortable to consumers.
O Can carry heavy things.
O Useful for emergency which is lift for fire extinguisher is provided.
O For business interests that require a lot of customers.

O Elevators require frequent maintenance

O high cost of energy to operate the elevator, the cost of the equipment
O risk of contamination from a hydraulic fluid spill from the hydraulic
tank and the noise and slow operating speeds.
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WHAT IS ESCALATOR?
An escalator is a moving staircase –
a conveyor transport device for
carrying people between floors of a
building.
•Designed on an incline of 27.3, 30, 35
degrees.
•If the height is more than 6m than
incline of 27.3 should be given

•The speed of the escalator, shall

not be more than 0.63 m/s for 30o
angle of incline
and 0.50 m/s for 35o angle of
incline.
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Types of escalators
Parallel: These type of escalator go up and down simultaneously.
1 Speed: 0.5m/s
2 Inclination: 30, 35
3 Step width: 800 / 1000
4 Power: 50 Hz / 3p
5 Handrails: Rubber /Stainless steel
6 Step: stainless steel
7 Landing plate: anti skid stainless steel.
8 Operation: Emergency stop button/ Key switch.
9 Illumination: lighting under upper and lower landing steps.
10 Indicator: Failure indicator on control cabinet.
Multi parallel:
1 Speed: 0.5m/s
2 Inclinations: 30, 35
3 Step widths: 800 / 1000
4 Power: 50 Hz / 3p
5 Handrails: Rubber /Stainless steel
6 Step: stainless steel
7 Landing plate: anti skid stainless steel
8 Operation: Emergency stop button/ Key switch / Inspection operation.
9 Illumination: lighting under upper and lower landing steps.
10 Indicator: Failure indicator on control cabinet.
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Spiral type escalators: These are used to enhance the architectural beauty and to save the
space.
1 Inclined Angle : 30"
2 Rated Speed [m/sec] : 25
3 Number of Persons : 6300 per hour
4 Rated Speed (mtrs./sec.) :25 m/ min.
5 Vertical Rise ( m ) : 3500 ~ 6600

Criss-cross: They stacks the escalators that go in single direction and reduces
structural space requirement.
1 Step width: 600 / 800 / 1000
2 Power: 300V / 50 Hz / 3p
3 Handrails: Rubber /Stainless steel.
4 Step: stainless steel.
5 Landing plate: anti skid stainless steel.
6 Emergency stop button / Key switch
7 lighting under upper and lower landing steps.
8 Indicator: Failure indicator on control cabinet.
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30° inclination This inclination UP” ESCALATOR NEXT TO STAIRCASE : It

provides the highest traveling is preferred that staircases be located
comfort and maximum safety for adjacent to the escalator if the escalator is
the user. the primary means of transport between
35° inclination The 35° escalator is floors.
the most efficient solution as it
requires less space and can be
implemented more cost-effectively.
However, this inclination is
perceived as too steep if rises
exceed 5 m – particularly in
downward travel.
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COMPONENTS OF THE ESCALATOR:

• Landing Platforms.
•Truss.
•Tracks.
•Steps.
•Handrail.
•Escalator Exterior (Balustrade).
•Drive system.
•Auto-Lubrication System.
•Braking system.
•Safety devices.
•Electrical & Control Systems.
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Handrail-
•operating speed is less than 0.35 m/s
•the handrail width not more than 75mm
•Each moving handrail height not less
than 300 mm.
BALUSTRADE-
•The thickness of the glass
balustrade
shall not be less than 6 mm.
•Height 680 mm vertically above the
nose line of the steps,

DECK BOARD- These are used for preventing

clothing from getting caught and other such
problems.

deck board
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TRUSS –
•The truss is a hollow metal structure
•that bridges the lower and upper landings.
• The ends of the truss are attached to the top
and bottom landing platforms via steel or
concrete supports.

FLOOR PLATE-
•flush with the finished floor steps

• in front of the escalator shall be a

minimum of 3 m.

•STEPS-
•Trade shall not be less than 400 mm

•Riser shall not be more than 220 mm.

•front and back edges of the steps are each connected to two wheels.
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• LANDING PLATFORMS:
• 2 plat form

• Tracks:
• The track system is built into the truss to
guide the step chain, which continuously
pulls the steps from the bottom platform
and back to the top in an endless loop.

COMB PLATE

• The comb plate is the piece between the

stationary floor plate and the moving step.
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•Standard transportation speed ranges
between 0.5 to 0.65m/s
For a speed of 0.5m/s the theoretical capacity
is:
•600mm step width -4500 persons per hour
•800mm step width -6750 persons per hour
•1000mm step width -9000 persons/hour

•escalators having a vertical rise

not more than 6 m.
•Minimum head room shall not be
less than 2.3 m.
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WIDTH OF ESCALATOR CROSS-SECTION OF AN ESCALATOR

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ESCALATOR WIDTH

In accordance with a worldwide standard,the width of

the step to be used is 60 cm
(for one person), 80cm (for one-to-two people) and
100cm (for two people width)
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SAFETY
• Safety is also major concern in escalator design.
• Fire protection of an escalator floor-opening may
be provided by adding automatic sprinklers or
fireproof shutters to the opening, or by installing the
escalator in an enclosed fire-protected hall.

• To limit the danger of overheating, adequate

ventilation for the spaces that contain the motors
and gears must be provided.
• It is preferred that a traditional staircase be located
adjacent to the escalator if the escalator is the
primary means of transport between floors.
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Escalators construction
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• A moving staircase used to

• Escalator takes up more
carry people from one floor of
space because it is built in
a building to another.
a incline which stretches
• Can be placed in the same
out a certain length
physical space as one might
depending on how high it
install a staircase.
needs to reach.
• Escalators are quite convenient
• It is not safe to take a
due to the fact that they are
stroller, walker or even a
quite safe in case of a
cart on an escalator.
emergency.
• On top of that a escalator can
transport a large amount of
people at the same time.
• Can always walk up on one side
to get to the top faster if you
want.
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Moving Walk-
is a slow moving conveyor mechanism that
transports people across a horizontal or
inclined plane over a short to medium
distance.
. They are often installed in pairs, one for
each direction

• Used for carrying passengers,

horizontally
•An incline up to a maximum of 15
degree.
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Types of Moving walkways

1. According To Inclination Angle
2. Horizontal and Inclined Walkways
a- Zero degrees inclination “Horizontal” Moving Walkways.
b- Up to 15 degrees inclination “Inclined” Moving Walkways.
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•Operating speed is less than 0.35 m/s or the
width is no more than 530 mm.

•normal handrail height not less than

300 mm
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Proper inclination Moving walks

• Inclinations of 10°, 11° and
12° are the common
international standard for
inclined moving walks.
• Users find that a 10°
inclination provides the most
comfortable ride. A 12°
inclination is used whenever
the space available is limited.
• Horizontal moving walks can
generally be provided for
inclinations between 0° and
6°.
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(Access cover)
(Gear box)
(Drive motor)
(Service track) (Comb plates)
(Handrail)
(Pallets)
(Balustrade panels)
(Front plates)
(Decks)
(Pallet chain sprockets)
(Newel ends)

(Handrail drive wheels)

(Tracks)
(Pallets chain) (Truss)
(Controller)

(Lower reversing station)

Moving walkways basic components

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According To the Flat Moving Surface
Pallet Type
A continuous series of flat metal plates mesh together to form a walkway.
Most have a metal surface, though some models have a rubber surface for
extra traction.

Moving Belt Pallet Type Moving walkways

These are generally built with mesh metal belts or rubber walking surfaces over
metal rollers.

Moving Belt Moving Walkway

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According To the Speed

Slow- speed Standard type

half normal walking speed, or 30–40m/min. The slow speed of the walkway causes
impatience, and passengers often walk on the walkway itself or on the adjacent floor
rather use the slower walkway.
High-speed walkways

Using the high-speed walkway is like using any other moving walkway, except that for
safety there are special procedures to follow when joining or leaving.

High-speed walkways
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• Airports

Moving walkways are commonly used in larger airports, as passengers –

often with heavy luggage in tow – typically need to walk considerable distances.
Moving walkways may be used:

• Museum exhibits
Moving sidewalks may be used:

• to ensure that a museum exhibit is viewed in a certain sequence

• to provide a particular aesthetic effect
• to make sure the crowd moves through at a reliable pace.
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• Zoos
Similar to museums, some zoological park exhibits have a moving walkway to ease
guests through an animal display or habitat.

Theme parks

Some amusement park rides, such as

continuous-motion dark
rides like Disney's Haunted Mansion, make
use of a moving sidewalk to assist passengers
in boarding and disembarking rides and
attractions. Some examples include:
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• Theatre

The Phantom of the Opera by Andrew Lloyd Webber uses a travelator in the
number 'The Phantom of the Opera' (act one, scene six), to give the illusion the
Phantom and Christine are traveling the catacombs below the Paris Opera House a
great distance to the Phantom's lair on the subterranean lake.

• Public transport
Moving walkways are useful for remote platforms in underground subway/metro
stations, or assisting with lengthier connections between lines, for example:
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Metro stations moving walkway

• Skiing
• Moving walkways known as Magic
carpets are also used in ski resorts

Underground subway moving walkway

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• Supermarkets
• Hyundai
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THE DIFFERENCE
LIFTS vs ESCALATORS vs MOVING
WALKWAYS
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MOVING
LIFTS(ELEVATOR) ESCALATOR
WALKWAYS

HORIZONTAL OR
MOVEMENT GOES VERTICAL MOVING STAIRS INCLINED
MOVING

a type of
vertical transport equipment
a conveyor is a slow moving
transport device for conveyor mechanism
that efficiently moves people or
that transports people
FUNCTION goods between floors carrying people across a horizontal or
(levels, decks) of a between floors of a inclined plane over a
building, vessel or other
structure. building. short to medium distance

a single-width escalator
traveling at about 1.5 feet
speeds of up to 2,000 feet per speeds of 90 to 120 feet
SPEED minute (10 m/s)
(0.5 m) per second can
per minute
move about 2000 people
per hour.
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OMNIA FERDOUS TALULDER