Application of Software Engineering

Concepts in the Industry

Presented by,
Nirmalya Chaudhuri
Lead- Education and Research,
Infosys Technologies Limited

15-Jan-2011 ,
Silicon Institute of Technology
Objectives of this Session

• To get an overview of Typical IT Services

• To understand the Importance of Software Engineering
• To appreciate the IT services model and how it works.
• Understand Models and Frameworks
• Get an overview of Global Delivery Model (GDM)
• New Technology Implications

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Typical IT Services and Software Engineering..

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IT in Every day life
•Reprography

•ATM & Banking

•Web communication – messengers, mailers,

Community networking (Orkut, Facebook)

•Medicine and Healthcare

•Software's in your mobile phone

•Railway reservation system, Bill Payment

•Transport

•Finger tip access to information (Google, Ask)

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Basic Definitions
Business - A Business (also called a firm or an enterprise) is a legally recognized
organization designed to provide goods and/or services to consumers, governments or
other businesses.

•Commercial activity
•Importance of ethics
•Economics
•Innovation

Information Technology - Information Technology is the study, design,

development, implementation, support or management of computer based information
systems, particularly software applications and computer hardware.

•Information Storage
•Information processing
•Information transmission
•Information retrieval
•IT revolution

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 A Typical Business scenario ..
S
PROFIT
A
L
E
Sales S
efforts
Marketing T
Inputs

TOTAL COST
O

Other Inputs C
EXPENSES U
S
Labor T
O
Inputs of Land
/fixed assets M
Basic Inputs E
R
Raw material

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The Software Product / Service

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IT in the Business Realm
• Aerospace and Defense Practices.
• Automotive
• Banking and Capital Markets
• Communications, Media and Entertainment (CME).
• Energy Utilities and Services (EUS)
• Enterprise Solutions
• High Technology and Discrete Manufacturing.
• BPO
• Infrastructure Management Services (IMS)
• Insurance Healthcare Life Sciences (IHL)
• Independent Validation Solutions (IVS)
• Knowledge Services (KS)

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IT in the Business Realm
• Learning Services
• Product Engineering (PE)
• Product Lifecycle and Engineering Solutions (PLES)
• Retail
• System Integration (SI)
• ……………
• ………….
• …………….

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Typical IT services
• System study & Problem discovery (Consultancy)
– Necessary to scope and identify the business problem
– Map it to IT project solution
• Reengineering an entire system
– Change of technology and/or data management
– Change of work flows, user interfaces
• System Integration
– Enable diverse systems / applications, external interfaces and third
party products to communicate and process data in an integrated
manner
• Application development
– Develop new or enhance old applications to suit evolving business
needs
– Choice of product – Build vs Buy
• Maintenance services
– Understand current system and applications
– Provide production support and enhancements on ongoing basis

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 Software Engineering

Software Engineering is the application of a systematic,

disciplined, quantifiable approach to the development,
operation and maintenance of software; i.e., the application of
engineering to software.

- (IEEE Standard Glossary of Software Engineering Terminology)

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Software Engineering Approach
Software Engineering approach uses:

• Methods
• Project Planning and Estimation
• Requirement Analysis
• Design
• Algorithm Development
• Coding
• Testing
• Deployment
• Tools
• MS Project
• CASE Tools
• Coding Tools
• Testing Tools
• Procedures
• Software Development Life Cycle

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Challenges with IT organizations with globally
distributed development teams :

• Leveraging global expertise -

worldwide collaboration
• Accountability across time
zones
• Low cost, increasing
competition, tighter margins
• Alignment between business,
operations and IT
• Visibility
• Remote delivery
• Optimum resource allocation

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Best Practices :
• Organizational Process Templates for various practices e.g. Project
Planning, Proposal Management, Help Desk Support etc

• Integrated set of templates for IT Projects

– Application Development
– Package Implementation
– Application Maintenance
• A Collaborative Framework
– Workflow-driven Requirement, Change and Defect Management
– Central repository for Processes
– Integration capabilities with other tools

• Dashboards that gives a birds eye view of what happens to the

executive management

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Best Practices :
• Key metrics and indicators to assess the performance and response
of globally distributed teams

• Helping replicate homegrown best practices across the global

development centers, and enforce them through the workflow driven
processes. Capture knowledge in a library from past projects and repeat
success stories over and over again.

• Monitoring SLAs for violations and discrepancies

• Helping achieve lowest TCO due to optimum resource allocation.

• Involving client in every process, through workflows, and give them a

sense of control

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Best Practices
• Documenting plans that assure results; reviews, metrics
and feedback establishes a 'check-and-balance'
mechanism

• Collaborating with outsourcing partners to deliver

more value through innovation

• Ensuring an optimum mix of internal and outsourcing

partner resources in the transformation programs

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Models and Frameworks

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CMM

Productivity and Quality

Change Management 5 Optimizing

Defect Prevention

Product and 4 Managed Continuously

Process Quality Improving

Engineering Predictable
Process
3 Defined
Standard,
Project Consistent
Management
2 Repeatable
Disciplined
Heroes 1 Initial
Project Risk

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IT Services Model in brief

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Outsourcing
• What is Outsourcing?
• Why does a client outsource IT projects?
– Elimination of non-core activities
– Access to greater Skill Pool/Intellectual Capital
– Economies of scale w.r.t. infrastructure, expertise etc.
– Risk Sharing/Reduction
– Cost benefit
• What is off-shoring?
– Why India?

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GDM – Global Delivery Model
Origin of GDM
What is GDM ?
Executing GDM

Copyright © 2007, Infosys Technologies Ltd

Components of a typical business

Sales Product Dev.

Processes

Marketing
Supplier
Processes Training

Company
HR
Planning
Management

Finance and other Customer

Support Relationship
Management

Public
Responsibility

Information
Management

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How do we organize business?

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Role of IT in Business

Automation of (business) processes

– Employee pay roll processing
Improve Speed and efficiency of transactions
– Airline reservation
Enable new business processes
– On-line customer service
Make informed decisions based on data
– Decision to introduce a new product

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Payroll Processing Example

• Employee attendance & time reporting

• Salary information
• Tax & witholding calculations
• Money transfer to employee account
• Money transfer to Government agencies – Tax dept,
Social Security etc.,
• Information to employee
• Annual report for filing taxes

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Automating Payroll Processing

• Employee attendance & time reporting

• Salary information
• Tax & witholding calculations
• Money transfer to employee account
• Money transfer to Government agencies – Tax dept,
Social Security etc.,
• Information to employee
• Annual report for filing taxes

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Automation Options

• Buy applications that have the functionality

• Build required functionality

– Build with internal team
– Build with joint team – internal+sub-contractors
• Ask somebody else to build the functionality
– Outsource application building
• Ask somebody else to run the complete process
– Outsource business process

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Activities in building the application

Discovery Phase
Scoping &
Requirement analysis
Design & Build Phase
Design (high level) Detailed design
User interface design Build
Coding
Testing & defect fixing
Documentation
Deploy Phase
On-site testing & integration
User Workshops
Integration
Application release
Post implementation support Phase
Bug fixes
Rapid reaction support Warranty support
Maintenance

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 Outsourcing Application Development –
Role of location for the activity
Discovery Phase
Scoping &
Requirement analysis
Design & Build Phase
Design (high level) Detailed design
User interface design Build
Coding
Testing & defect fixing
Documentation
Deploy Phase
On-site testing & integration
User Workshops
Integration
Client Application release
Locatio
n Post implementation support Phase Any
Locatio
Bug fixes n
Rapid reaction support Warranty support
Maintenance

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GDM – Global Delivery Model

The intelligent break down of tasks to facilitate execution from

a location where it makes the most business sense and putting
in place people, technology and process to facilitate the
achievement of this is called GDM

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Global Delivery Model
Client Location / PDC Offshore Development Centers in India

Discovery Phase
Scoping
Requirement analysis
Design & Build Phase
Design (high level) Design (high level)
User interface design User interface design
Detailed design
Build
Coding
Testing & defect fixing
Documentation
Deploy Phase
On-site testing & integration
User Workshops
Integration
Application release
Post implementation support Phase

Rapid reaction support Bug fixes

Warranty support
Maintenance

Weekly status
Infosys On-site co-coordinator + Job allocation
Queries & Clarification
Off-shore project leader
Customer mgr
Leverage workday
Smart work breakdown

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Why GDM?
GDM improves your odds: by addressing your business concerns
GDM offers variable cost depending on Global
Clients would like to see a location from where the service is executed. This
Total cost of ownership reduction in TCO allows CXOs to pick one that makes the most
economic sense.

Clients require 24*7 Highly resilient to any type of disaster networked

environment with flexibility to deliver services from
De-risking availability of services at all any location around the world with very high and
times efficient recoverability.

Shrinking cycle times is the GDM offers extended workdays across multiple
Time-to-market order of the day
time-zones (multiple locations) for faster project
completion.

Clients expect high quality Virtual teams connected through seamless flow of
Quality delivered with high information and access to experts and knowledge
predictability bases at multiple places/sites.

Reacting to quickly
GDM offers access to resources at multiple
Scalability and flexibility changing Environment is locations ensuring high flexibility.
critical for the client

Clients need innovation and GDM allows us to tap the best brains from across
Best global talent global now-how the globe

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The elements of GDM
Bringing it together
High Quality Skilled & enough
& Personnel
Processes

GDM
Where it all comes together !

Execute at Extended
Low price & best location workdays

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How does GDM work?

Global Delivery Model splits work into logical components and

distributes these components to perform them where it creates the
maximum value for the client.

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 Outsourcing – Infosys Model
• Pros of GDM
– Cost Benefits
– Time zone advantages
– Ready infrastructure
– Intellectual Capital
– Leverage vendor’s PM
capabilities What is Global
– Judiciously leverage Delivery Model?
offshore/onsite resources Infosys Global Delivery Model (GDM) is based on the basic
principle of doing work where it makes most economic sense
• Cons of GDM with the least amount of acceptable risk. It is thus the key driver
of engagement success and value realization for our clients.
– Client is at a remote
location The GDM framework offers a well-oiled mechanism where the
– Connectivity demands project teams are located physically at different locations, but
– Communication is slower are perfectly co-coordinated with seamless communication and
clearly defined process guidelines.
– Loss of direct supervision
for client

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Myths about GDM
I may Lose control over the project
• GDM has several inherent mechanisms to keep clients up to date on all project related activities at remote locations.
• A detailed project plan is shared and discussed with the client and updated on an ongoing basis.
• A weekly status report covering all aspects of the project is reviewed on a conference call.
• This forum is also used to highlight all high priority open issues.
• Depending on criticality, some projects have a steering committee, comprising senior management from the client
organization and Infosys, to jointly review the progress of the project.
• All documents including the latest project plans and status reports are available on an easily accessible shared folder

I will have to work with remote teams during non-working hours

• Not at all.
• A typical project team has resident project manager/coordinators at the customer site to handles all
co-ordination and direct communication with the remote team

Any company working from offshore can deliver through GDM

• While the concept of the GDM framework may be similar across organizations, the supporting people, processes, and
infrastructure make the critical difference.
• Global HR Policies with high standards of recruitment to ensure a group of highly motivated people with
complementary skills to successfully execute the project
• A culture of teamwork, transparency, and customer orientation that truly transcends geographical boundaries
• World class infrastructure
• Mature Quality processes in a distributed environment and highly quality focused workforce
• Presence at multiple locations to minimize risk and provide the necessary flexibility to ramp-up
• Substantial experience and expertise in GDM

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Impact of New Technologies

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“New Technology”

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Consumer behaviour

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Business Imperative

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Gartner Hype Cycle

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Thank You !

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Infosys Structure
Infosys

Insurance Healthcare &

Retail, Distribution and

Media & Entertainment
Consulting

(CME) Communication

Manufacturing. (MFG)
Banking and Capital

Service Providers,
Infosys

Energy, Utilities &

Life sciences (IHL)
China

Services (EUS)
Integrated
Markets (BCM)

CPG (RETL)
Business Units Infosys
Australia
Infosys
BPO

Domain Competency Group (Consulting Services)

Enterprise Solutions (ES)

Independent Validation Services (IVS)

Infrastructure Management Service (IMS)

Enterprise
Capability units Product Engineering, Product Lifecycle Engineering

System Integration Services (SI)

Strategic Global Sourcing (SGS)

Software Engineering and Technology Labs (SETLabs)

Corporate Infosys
Tech IS Quality HR E&R SA&A
Enablers Leadership
Services
Institute
Infosys subsidiaries

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