SAN BEDA COLLEGE OF ALBANG

Lecture in

VOLLEYBALL

William Morgan invented volleyball in 1895 at the Holyoke, Massachusetts, YMCA (Young Men's Christian
Association) where he served as Director of Physical Education. Morgan originally called his new game of
Volleyball, Mintonette. The name Volleyball came about after a demonstration game of the sport, when a
spectator commented that the game involved much "volleying" and game was renamed Volleyball.
William Morgan was born in the state of New York and studied at Springfield College, Massachusetts.
Ironically at Springfield, Morgan met James Naismith who invented basketball in 1891. Morgan was
motivated by Naismith's game of basketball designed for younger students to invent a game suitable for the
older members of the YMCA. William Morgan's basis for the new game of Volleyball was the then popular
and similar German game of Faust ball and a few other sports including: tennis (the net), basketball,
baseball and handball.The Morgan Trophy Award is presented annually to the most outstanding male and
female collegiate volleyball player in the United States. Established by the William G. Morgan Foundation in
1995 during the centennial year of volleyball, the trophy is named in honor of William Morgan.

Volleyball Court Dimensions

The Volleyball court is 60 feet by 30 feet in total. The net in placed in the center of the court, making each
side of the net 30 feet by 30 feet.

Center Line

A center line is marked at the center of the court dividing it equally into 30 feet squares, above which the
net is placed.

Attack Line

An attack line is marked 10 feet of each side of the center line.

Service Line

A service line, the area from which the server may serve the volleyball, is marked 10 feet inside the right
sideline on each back line.

The Net

The net is placed directly above the center line, 7 feet 4 inches above the ground for women and 8 feet
above the ground for men.

Poles

Volleyball poles should be set at 36 feet apart, 3 feet further out from the sidelines.

Ceiling Height

The minimum ceiling height should be 23 feet, though they should preferably be higher.
Volleyball Basic Rules

THE SERVE

( A ) Server must serve from behind the restraining line ( end line ) until after contact.

( B ) Ball may be served underhand or overhand.

( C ) Ball must be clearly visible to opponents before serve.

( D ) Served ball may graze the net and drop to the other side for point.

( E ) First game serve is determined by a volley, each subsequent game shall be served by the previous
game loser.

( F ) Serve must be returned by a bump only. no setting or attacking a serve.

SCORING

A. Rally scoring will be used.

B. There will be a point scored on every score of the ball.
C. Offense will score on a defense miss or out of bounds hit.
D. Defense will score on an offensive miss, out of bounds hit, or serve into the net.
E. Game will be played to 25 pts.
F. Must win by 2 points.

ROTATION

( A ) Team will rotate each time they win the serve.

( B ) Players shall rotate in a clockwise manner.

( C ) There shall be 4-6 players on each side.

PLAYING THE GAME ( VOLLEY )

( A ) Maximum of three hits per side.

( B ) Player may not hit the ball twice in succession ( A block is not considered a hit ).

( C ) Ball may be played off the net during a volley and on serve.

( D ) A ball touching a boundary line is good.

( E ) A legal hit is contact with the ball by a player body above and including the waist which does not
allow the ball to visibly come to a rest.

( F ) If two or more players contact the ball simultaneously, it is considered one play and the players
involved may not participate in the next play.

( G ) A player must not block or attack a serve.

( H ) Switching positions will be allowed only between front line players. ( After the serve only ).

BASIC VIOLATIONS
( A ) Stepping on or over the line on a serve.

( B ) Failure to serve the ball over the net successfully.

( C ) Hitting the ball illegally ( Carrying, Palming, Throwing, etc. ).

( D ) Touches of the net with any part of the body while the ball is in play. If the ball is driven into the net
with such force that it causes the net to contact an opposing player, no foul will be called, and the ball
shall continue to be in play.

( E ) Reaching over the net, except under these conditions:

1 - When executing a follow-through.

2 - When blocking a ball which is in the opponents court but is being returned ( the blocker must not
contact the ball until after the opponent who is attempting to return the ball makes contact). Except to
block the third play.

( F ) Reaches under the net ( if it interferes with the ball or opposing player ).

( G ) Failure to serve in the correct order.

( H ) Blocks or spikes from a position which is clearly not behind the 10-foot line while in a back row
position.

THE COURT

PLAYING AREA

Both indoor and outdoor courts are 18 m x 9mi (29'6" x 59').

Indoor courts also include an attack area designated by
a line 3 m (9'10") back from the center line.

Lines on the court are 5cm (2" wide).

NET HEIGHT 

Net height for men, co-ed mixed 6, & outdoor is 2.43 meters or 7'11-5/8".
Net height for women, 7'4-1/8".

The height of the net shall be 8'.

BALL 
The ball weighs between 9 and 10 ounces. Ball pressure is between 4.5 and 6.0 pound

Volleyball Lingo Translation

When the ball is served to the other team, and no

"Ace"
one touches it.

When the team that served the ball makes a

"Sideout"
mistake, causing the ball to go to the other team.

When a player jumps above the height of the net,

"Roof"
and blocks the ball.

When a player jumps about the height of the net,

"Stuff" blocks the ball, and the ball goes back at the person
who attacked(spiked) the ball.

When a player makes a save from a very difficult

"Dig"
spike.

When a team spikes the ball and it either ends in a

"Kill"
point or a sideout.

Skills

Competitive teams master six basic skills: serve, pass, set, attack, block and dig. Each of these skills
comprises a number of specific techniques that have been introduced over the years and are now
considered standard practice in high-level volleyball.
Serve
A player stands behind the inline and serves the ball, in an attempt to drive it into the opponent's court. His
or her main objective is to make it land inside the court; it is also desirable to set the ball's direction, speed
and acceleration so that it becomes difficult for the receiver to handle it properly. A serve is called an "ace"
when the ball lands directly onto the court or travels outside the court after being touched by an opponent.

In contemporary volleyball, many types of serves are employed:

 Underhand: a serve in which the player strikes the ball below the waist instead of tossing it up and
striking it with an overhand throwing motion. Underhand serves are considered very easy to receive
and are rarely employed in high-level competitions.
 Sky ball serve: a specific type of underhand serve occasionally used in beach volleyball, where the
ball is hit so high it comes down almost in a straight line. This serve was invented and employed
almost exclusively by the Brazilian team in the early 1980s and is now considered outdated. In Brazil,
this serve is called Jornada nas Estrelas (Star Trek).
 Topspin: an overhand serve where the player tosses the ball high and hits it with a wrist span,
giving it topspin which causes it to drop faster than it would otherwise and helps maintain a straight
flight path. Topspin serves are generally hit hard and aimed at a specific returner or part of the court.
Standing topspin serves are rarely used above the high school level of play.
 Float: an overhand serve where the ball is hit with no spin so that its path becomes unpredictable,
akin to a knuckleball in baseball.
 Jump serve: an overhand serve where the ball is first tossed high in the air, then the player makes
a timed approach and jumps to make contact with the ball, hitting it with much pace and topspin. This
is the most popular serve amongst college and professional teams.
 Jump float: an overhand serve where the ball is tossed high enough that the player may jump
before hitting it similarly to a standing float serve. The ball is tossed lower than a topspin jump serve,
but contact is still made while in the air. This serve is becoming more popular amongst college and
professional players because it has a certain unpredictability in its flight pattern.
Set
The set is usually the second contact that a team makes with the ball. The main goal of setting is to put the
ball in the air in such a way that it can be driven by an attack into the opponent's court. The setter
coordinates the offensive movements of a team, and is the player who ultimately decides which player will
actually attack the ball.

As with passing, one may distinguish between an overhand and a bump set. Since the former allows for
more control over the speed and direction of the ball, the bump is used only when the ball is so low it
cannot be properly handled with fingertips, or in beach volleyball where rules regulating overhand setting
are more stringent. In the case of a set, one also speaks of a front or back set, meaning whether the ball is
passed in the direction the setter is facing or behind the setter. There is also a jump set that is used when
the ball is too close to the net. In this case the setter usually jumps off his or her right foot straight up to
avoid going into the net. The setter usually stands about ⅔ of the way from the left to the right of the net
and faces the left (the larger portion of net that he or she can see).

Sometimes a setter refrains from raising the ball for a teammate to perform an attack and tries to play it
directly onto the opponent's court. This movement is called a "dump". [15] The most common dumps are to
'throw' the ball behind the setter or in front of the setter to zones 2 and 4. More experienced setters toss the
ball into the deep corners or spike the ball on the second hit.
Pass
Also called reception, the pass is the attempt by a team to properly handle the opponent's serve, or any
form of attack. Proper handling includes not only preventing the ball from touching the court, but also
making it reach the position where the setter is standing quickly and precisely.
Attack
The attack, also known as the spike, is usually the third contact a team makes with the ball. The object of
attacking is to handle the ball so that it lands on the opponent's court and cannot be defended. A player
makes a series of steps (the "approach"), jumps, and swings at the ball.

Contemporary volleyball comprises a number of attacking techniques:

 Backcourt (or backrow)/pipe attack: an attack performed by a back row player. The player must
jump from behind the 3-meter line before making contact with the ball, but may land in front of the 3-
meter line.
 Line and Cross-court Shot: refers to whether the ball flies in a straight trajectory parallel to the side
lines, or crosses through the court in an angle. A cross-court shot with a very pronounced angle,
resulting in the ball landing near the 3-meter line, is called a cut shot.
 Dip/Dink/Tip/Cheat/Dump: the player does not try to make a hit, but touches the ball lightly, so that
it lands on an area of the opponent's court that is not being covered by the defense.
 Tool/Wipe/Block-abuse: the player does not try to make a hard spike, but hits the ball so that it
touches the opponent's block and then bounces off-court.
 Off-speed hit: the player does not hit the ball hard, reducing its speed and thus confusing the
opponent's defense.
 Quick hit/"One": an attack (usually by the middle blocker) where the approach and jump begin
before the setter contacts the ball. The set (called a "quick set") is placed only slightly above the net
and the ball is struck by the hitter almost immediately after leaving the setter's hands. Quick attacks
are often effective because they isolate the middle blocker to be the only blocker on the hit.
 Slide: a variation of the quick hit that uses a low back set. The middle hitter steps around the setter
and hits from behind him or her.
 Double quick hit/"Stack"/"Tandem": a variation of quick hit where two hitters, one in front and one
behind the setter or both in front of the setter, jump to perform a quick hit at the same time. It can be
used to deceive opposite blockers and free a fourth hitter attacking from backcourt, maybe without
block at all.
Block
Blocking refers to the actions taken by players standing at the net to stop or alter an opponent's attack.

A block that is aimed at completely stopping an attack, thus making the ball remain in the opponent's court,
is called offensive. A well-executed offensive block is performed by jumping and reaching to penetrate with
one's arms and hands over the net and into the opponent's area. It requires anticipating the direction the
ball will go once the attack takes place. It may also require calculating the best foot work to executing the
"perfect" block.

The jump should be timed so as to intercept the ball's trajectory prior to it crossing over the net. Palms are
held deflected downward about 45–60 degrees toward the interior of the opponents court. A "roof" is a
spectacular offensive block that redirects the power and speed of the attack straight down to the attacker's
floor, as if the attacker hit the ball into the underside of a peaked house roof.

By contrast, it is called a defensive, or "soft" block if the goal is to control and deflect the hard-driven ball up
so that it slows down and becomes more easy to be defended. A well-executed soft-block is performed by
jumping and placing one's hands above the net with no penetration into the opponent's court and with the
palms up and fingers pointing backward.

Blocking is also classified according to the number of players involved. Thus, one may speak of single (or
solo), double, or triple block.
Dig
Digging is the ability to prevent the ball from touching one's court after a spike or attack, particularly a ball
that is nearly touching the ground. In many aspects, this skill is similar to passing, or bumping: overhand
dig and bump are also used to distinguish between defensive actions taken with fingertips or with joined
arms.

Some specific techniques are more common in digging than in passing. A player may sometimes perform a
"dive", i.e., throw his or her body in the air with a forward movement in an attempt to save the ball, and land
on his or her chest. When the player also slides his or her hand under a ball that is almost touching the
court, this is called a "pancake". The pancake is frequently used in indoor volleyball.

Sometimes a player may also be forced to drop his or her body quickly to the floor in order to save the ball.
In this situation, the player makes use of a specific rolling technique to minimize the chances of injuries.

HAND SIGNALS
1. Point: Raise arm on the side of the team earning the point, and extend one finger.
2. Reserve (Replay): Hold fists close together at chest with thumbs up.
3. Side Out: Extend the arm toward team that will serve, with palm perpendicular to the floor.
4. Double hit: Raise arm, extend forefinger and middle finger. Make the signal on the side of the team that
committed the fault.
5. Illegal block or screen: Raise both arms, elbows bent, palms facing forward. Then indicate the player
who committed the fault.
6. Foot Fault: Point to the end line with open hand, palm perpendicular to the floor. Make the signal on the
side of the team that committed the fault.
7. Ball Crossing Under Net: Point to the center line with open hand, palm facing net and do a little swoop as
to indicate the ball went under the net. Make the signal on the side of the team that made the fault.
8. Player crossing center line: (same as 7, just to indicate the player crossed under the net).
9. Incorrect rotation: Make clockwise circular motion with index finger. Then indicate player(s) comminting
the fault.
10. Ball out: Raise arms vertically and parralel, bent at elbow, palms facing body.
11. Ball in: Point hand at an angle downwards on the side the ball hit the floor with your palm facing away
from you perpendicular to the floor.
12. Net Violation: Touch net with open palm on the side of the team committing the fault. Then indicate the
player that touched the net. If it was a serve that didn't go over, just touch the net.
13. Time out: Form hands in the shape of a T, then indicate the team making the request.
14. Tip: Hold one arm verticallywith palm forward. Brush fingertipswith onther palm held horizontally.
15. Backrow Attack: Make forward swinging motion with forearm. Then indicate the player committing the
fault.
16. Substitution: Rotate fists around each other in a curcular motion. Then indicate the team making the
request.
17. Four hits: Raise arm with palm facing forward with thumb across palm and extend remaing fingers on
the side of the team committing the fault.
18. End of Game or Match: Cross forearms across chest, open palms on shoulders.

Sir A 