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022 TT Short-Circuit PDF
022 TT Short-Circuit PDF
Safe and reliable supply of electric power is a prerequisite for continuation and growth of prosperity in any country.
ͳͳͲ ͳͳͲ combination of insulation film and glass Further, the magnetic coupling between
ݑԢଵ ൌ ൌ ൌ ͲǡͳͳΨ cloth tape. Impregnation with epoxy the coils results in an increase of the
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resin results in a compact, self-supporting effective inductance of the center coil. This
Fig. 7a: Bus tie reactors. Fig. 7b: Duplex reactor. If each busbar is supplied by a separate
transformer, the reliability of voltage
supply may be improved by coupling
can be compensated for by a reduction feeder, the same reactance (not the same the two busbars with a bus tie reactor.
of the self inductance of the center short-circuit voltage) must be provided in Assuming that the two busbars are loaded
phase by reducing the number of turns each short-circuit path, i.e. the inductance symmetrically, no current flows in the
accordingly. of the reactor in the incoming feeder bus tie reactor and therefore no losses
and that of each outgoing feeder must and voltage drops occur. If one of the
Examples of application of current-limiting be the same. As the unit power rating of transformers fails, the associated busbar is
reactors a reactor is proportional to the square of
still live but it is supplied at reduced power
The application of current-limiting reactors the current (N = X • IN2), the total power of
through the bus tie reactor. The short-circuit
is illustrated in a simple circuit. Three n reactors (of identical power) is only the
power of each busbar is of course higher
arrangements of the reactor are shown nth part of the unit power rating of a single
due the connection via the bus tie reactor
(Fig. 5a, 5b, 6, 7a, 7b). reactor applied in the incoming feeder.
as compared to fully separated busbars.
Furthermore, splitting into several reactors
with lower current but the same reactance It is, however, less than the short-circuit
The short-circuit power at the outgoing power of firmly connected busbars. Usually
leads to lower voltage variations at the
feeders of the simple circuit consisting of the specified current rating of the bus tie
consumers, and less impact by one feeder
a feeder transformer and a busbar with reactors is approx. 50% of the rated current
eight outgoing feeders should be reduced on the voltage of other feeders.
of the transformers.
accordingly. Depending on the location Coils in busbars (Fig. 7a and 7b).
of the reactor, the following cases are References
classified: A further option for reducing the short-
circuit power in the sample circuit is the [1] P Steglich, "Kurzschlussberechnung mit Hilfe von
The reactor in the supply feeder reduzierten prozentualen Spannung-sabfällen"
installation of bus tie reactors (Fig. 7a). If (Short-circuit calculation by means of reduced
This has the lowest investment cost, as a the two coils are combined to form a joint percentage voltage drops), in German, ETZ Nr.
large unit is cheaper than several smaller reactor with the center terminal connected 63, Heft 43/44
units. Further advantages are a lower space to the supply transformer, one obtains a so- Contact Oswald Mendrock, Trench Austria,
requirement and thus less installation cost. called duplex-coil. If the busbar sections oswald.mendrock@trench-group.com v
A disadvantage compared to the other
options is higher losses and larger voltage
variations at the busbar between full load
and reduced load. This option should not
be employed if a large power consumer
with strongly varying load is connected
at one of outgoing lines, which would
reduce the voltage quality for all other
consumers.
The options shown in Fig. 5a and Fig. 5b
only differ in the location of the reactor,
either upstream or downstream of the
transformer. If a possible fault between the
coil and the transformer is considered and
the transformer is not short-circuit-proof
(e.g. autotransformer), the reactor has to
be installed upstream of the transformer.
If the transformer is short-circuit-proof the
choice of location of the coil is open and
be may be made according to space or
best price conditions.
Reactors in outgoing feeders (Fig. 6)
The possible impact on the quality of
the busbar voltage can be avoided
by providing reactors in the individual
outgoing feeders. However, it must be
ensured that the equipment before the
feeder reactors is short-circuit-proof.