Scanned by CamScanneryoursmattboob-wordpress.com Contents... General Intelligence & Reasoning 1. Analogy 38 2 Similarities 9-11 3. Differences 12-14 - 4. Space Visualisation 15-21 5. Problem Solving 22-26 6. Analysis 27-31 7. Judgement 32-44 8. Decision Making 45-49 Part A x 1-96 9. Visual Memory 50-53 10. Discrimination 54-60 11. Observation 61-72 12, Relationship Concepts 73-80 13. Arithmetical Reasoning 81-87 14, Verbal and Figure Classification 88-91 Part B General | Awareness 1. History of India 3-24 2. Geography 25-40 3. Indian Polity 41-57 Electrical 1. Basic Electricity and AC Fundamentals 3-27 2, Electrostatics and Magnetism 28-47 3. Electrical Circuits 48-71 4. Electrical Measuring Instruments. 72-112 3 Mock Tests Part C 15. Arithmetical Number Series 92-96 1-114 4, indian Economy 58-68 5. General Science 69-88 6. General Knowledge 89-114 1-258 5. Electrical Machines 113-168 6. Power Generation Transmission and Distribution 169-225 7. Basic Electronics (226-258 | Compiled By Hemraj Scanned by CamScanner. | Junior Engineers (Civil, Mechanical, Electrical, i Quantity Surveying & Contract) i : Examination, 2015 | | Scheme of Examination ‘The examination will be conducted in two stages A. Wrinen Test(500 marks) B. Interview ( 100 marks) A. Written Test ee __ Papers Subject __, Maximum ' Duration & Timings “Paper! ———=~=S«@)-“ General Intelligence & 50 2Hows Objective type Reasoning : : i) General Awareness + 50 Moming shift [10.00 AM to «Date of Examination Gil) Part -A j {12.00 Noonl 06-12-2015) 1 General Engineering | 1 ‘Civil & Structural) | Afternoon Shift [2.00 PM to ? OR + 100 ' 4,00 PM] i Part-B General Engineering | j ‘Note Entry to the examination j Electrical) i venue will not be allowed after i OR | 9.30 AM in the moming shift'and Parc ; afer 1.30 PM in the afterioon shift. General Engineering | ‘(Mechanical 4 a Proced dure for Online Submission of Application :. ueliow application will beavailableas below : . : pags Registration Upto 5.00PM on’ 07-08-2015. - Pan-T Registration Upto 5.00PM on 10-08-2015, Compiled By Hemraj Scanned by CamScannerrm x 3 word ‘Analogy’ has been derived from two words t ‘knowledge’. Hence, An: ‘ond a process of reasoning based on sit Know About Analogy Questions based on ‘Analogy’ are given in two groups. In first group, two words letters/numbers/symbols are given having a common relationship between them and ‘another group having a word/letter/number and symbol and a question mark. Candidates are required to determine the relation between first group and ‘Substitude the question mark of second group from the Biven alternative, which has’ same relationship as first group has. An these questions, a particular relationshij another similar relationship has to be identified from the given alternatives. Analogy has three types 1, Semantic Analogy 3. Figural Analogy Semantic Analogy It is the process of reasoning determining words having similar feature and common relationship. The main aim of semantic analogy is to test the candidate's ability to consider the relationship between the question pair and then find the required pair of words that is most similar to that relationship. is given and 2.Symbolic/Number Analogy ‘means ‘similarity’ or ‘correspondence’ and ‘similar relat taken together as ‘Ana’ means ‘relation’ alogy refers to, a similar feature, condition, lar feature of two things. Compiled By Hemraj tionship’ Le., having similar feature between two things. The ‘nd ‘Logus’ means State ete. shared by two things that are compared Keep us Mind * Logical elation between the sueroundings, Nations/States capitals, work” and their results, word — and synonyms/entonyms, games. animals, individval class worker and their equipments may play vital role, * Vntelectual approach while considering the relation ed between the pair of Ex. 1 Reading : Knowledge :: Work : 2 (2) Engagement (8) Employment (c) Expertence (d) Experiment, Sol. fe) As, ‘Knowledge’ is acquired trom the ‘Reading’ same as Experiences acquired fom the Work” Symbolic/Number Analogy 1t deals with typical relationship between value of alphabetical letters or principle and rules of. -mathematical equation. It is the process of obtaining similar alphabet and number having common relationship shown in the group. . Candidates have to find the relation or order in which the alphabets/numbers have been grouped together in the first two sets of alphabets/nurnbers and then find a set of alternative to fit in place of question mark (2), Scanned by CamScannerSERN oe Ee A 0] a Se S er js] > 12 Cem t Lent = oe} l= r’e\ Figural Analogy ae a When 9 figures atv ylated in common nature with a [oy [Pe Te thevr unigue propettcs as structure, nial, mbers and position af articles. Simi such’ type of O10 s = relationship atong figures know as figural analogy, we rcs) @ @ Vere, candidates areas 4 Analogy Kes) Bind Keepon Mind 1 Theclockwtse and anti-clockwise rotations of the elements | “omrtgenmanncs gs! 1 Unenatidtntentigar ane SENN eyyhiueeca aloes of the eters £2 Change in the values of elemer : daae i a en te nem zn sane revese cies walneal eters The ROOMAS re whe somputng ewes 1 Be 4 Question Figures Esgateigs amet pation and in A a) Sl? she 1» Squne Aquare root ad eubePcvbe r0ot minimum ti 20 2 ve aperatinn of mathematics along with the algebraic | Sur 5 pnawer Figures Pu RMT: LORU:: A008? a taindd. w)octr (tw (MPU ° set 200s MER oo @ @ : fon gto i irverte Ic Fes design of fest pa of queston ue 4 2 ee a net es ; far gear, cancel veed In 0000 pan rvtor Image es econ TT? Fears swering on obec ator ae sae we ‘x. 5 Question Figures Sob (ay As Sensry, ure from the Sol. fa) The symbol "0" moves to the tower comer and st of answer figure which replace the sign of question becomes black The symbol T” rotates to lett and goes to the raark «°) in such a way that it hears samo relationship ‘midafe. Tho symbol’S" is inverted and goes to uppermoet iat wich the other fisure as first figure of the first part bears Faia, Concept is used in second pair. So, answer figure (a) with sevond figure of the sane part is in that concept Commit to Memory i © ansiogy consists ie of i weciieacesinmbestymbol) Pteuree xh ' : sebsttaton of same group by the column, 1] Term’ 3 i Here, colon test and thd refers tos to? and : : cclartsecond eta tat ! Analogy rey follows the concept of Here ferris telated to term same as term is related fo! - C mand term is related tot i 7 Oe Tabata {rmsd em, erg same a term is related: tt tty Std ° Here teem 1 relied to term, i : EI same as term 16 Wt Te - {3rd to tery and termy Is elted to Teens Freee ier are! Here, term, related to term, same as term(s related to term 4nd tera is related to terms. same'as term is related to Sams a8teem 4 related to terms bok ‘ Compiled By Hemraj Scanned by CamScannerSolved Examples ; Directions «E, ples 1 and 2) In the lowing i F xamples 1 anc In the foll Directions (Examples 7 and 8) In the following SternaniesSt 3. Newspaper ; Editor: : Film :? 1, Court : Justice : : School : ? (@) Teacher (0) Student (0) Actor (6) Producer (6) Education _ (6) Principat (©) Director (0) Story wntor <% Hot : Oven: Cold :? 4. Cobbler : Shoe : : Carpenter :? (@) 0 cream (b) Ar conditioner + @Woos (0) Furie (0) Snow (0) Refrigerator (tron 10) Gold Compiled By Hemra} ° Scanned by CamScanneryoursmahboob.wordpress.com —<€ 6 Analogy 18. QTU : ILM: : BEF :? © Lsey (@)PSZ wcrH 16) Nene of hase (awa ue €. Plough : Farmer :: Sword :? 19. LO: PK::1R:? (a) Soider {) Surgeon @ct (sa (Taio {4 Carponter (eoMN ru 7. Wax; Candle: : Pulp: ? 20. ACEG: ZXVT: : HJLM :? (a Frats {b) Sand {@) QOMK @) SAPO (ePaper {@) Transpo (FPN. SON , 8. Dog: Bark : : Goat :? Directions (Q.Nos. 21-25) In each of the follor (3) Boat (©) Hom questions, there isa certain relationship between two (6) Grant (@) Bray numbers on one side of : and one number is given on the 9. Teeth : Mouth :: Brain :? other side of':? while another number is to be found from, (o) Heart we) Langs, the given alternatives having the same relationship with {er Sat (03 Bosy this number as the numbers of the given pair. Choose the 10. Birds : Omithology : : Animals :? eee {@ Botany (0) Philology 2L, 1,2,4,7:3,4,6,9::2:2,3,5,8 (©) Zoology (6) Seismoiogy (0.5.3.6 0 2.4,5.8 or 3.5.6.8 Directions (Q.Nés. 11-15) In the following given juestions, two words are given, i 22. 20:11 02:2 Ruttionshipto cach other, ouraltemetier each withone 4 se Pair of words are given. Select the pair which has same Go eo relationship as the original pair of toords has. 23. 14:9::26:7 AL. Weight ; Kilogram ee os (a) Second : Hours, fe) Ko Length (os ar ’ {(c) Temperature : Ketan (0) Pressure : Watt 2A. 3:27 3? 12. Rajasthan : Jaipur (16 ee (a) Punjab : Chandigarh (©) Punjab : Ammtsar x 28 (©) Deth:: Mumbai (0) Punjab : Rajasthan 25,. 6524 : 6465 : : 9638 :? 13, Light : eae Beas (elEchctten:taseey (2) Medene Pater eer oS (e)Anger Fulendshp ——_(@) Hapay Cru Directions (Q.Nos. 26-30) In each of the followin questions, choose that set of numbers from the foi i + Hospit So Destor = Beer alternatives sets, that is similar to the given set. (a) Plumbar : Wrench: {(b) Chef: Kitchen: (0) Water : Reservor (@) Farmer : Vilage 26. o set (7, 77, 140) 8,80, 168) (©) © 88, 160) 15, Japan : Diet . pane et ae 6.88.16 {6) (0. 140, 200) {) USA * Sansad {@) None of thase can Given set (82, 24, 8) : Directions (Q. Nos. 16-20) In each of the following @eeI60. ea.s010 questions, there is same relationship between the two 9g. Gj terms of the left of ': ’ and the same relationship holds appa between the two terms to its right. Also, in each question, 00.65 ‘one term to the right of'::’ is missing. This term is given as ° & is one of the alternatives, from the given alternatives below (6) (168, 15,4) each question, Find out this term from the given aane alternatives. 29, Given set (56, 62, 36) 16, EGIK : LHF: : SUWY:? a ere ©) 5, 80, 50) OVE ie (UNA fe) MOOS (©) (60,70, 90) (6) (45.55, 65) 17, AFHO : GBDJ;: CHFM :? 50. Given set (6, 36, 68) (@) Gai ( cBLD 7.0.05 O18 64.46) a] eed , (0.84,45) (a(t, 131,09 Compiled By Hemraj Scanned by CamScanneryoursmahboob.wordpress.com Analogy 7 Directions (Q.Nos. 41-37) The second fi e srtain relationship to the Nos, e igure in the first part of the queation fiqures beare certain first. Similarly, one of the figure of answer figures bears the sarne relationship 10 the first figure of the second part. You hhave to select figure from the set of answer figures which would replace the question mark ). 31. Question Figures Answer Figures @ @ { Ser] jaa Answer Figures @ @ 35. Question Figures ©|@|@|® a] A c) e @ @ 32. Question Figures Answer Figures ke : ZA @ o © @ 33. Question Figures AW H® || 2 A @ QO} [6] Pe] el 7 IS] ° > @) (b) ( Answer Figures 37. Question Figures é[elélo] (elehOle @ (b) () (a) Answer Figures A. Question Figures OOAP] [alolelo (a) b) ) (@ Answers Life) 2. (a) +3. (c) 4. (b) 5. (a) “6,-(a) 7c) 8. (a) * 9 (c) 10. (0 Me) 22, (@) 93a) YAS. () G2) 7) Be) OY BD Bata) 22. to) 23. fc) 24) 25.) 26.) BF 2B. Mb) 29, te) BO. OD BL). 32.) 33. (2) 34.) 5) 36.) 87 eee Compiled By’ Hemraj : Scanned by CamScanneryoursmahboob.wordpress.com 1. AS justice i imparted in the cout in the Same way education is imparted inthe school 2. As, oven is used to make hot ampting, inthe same way refrigerator is used to make cold anything, 5. As, ‘Bich’ is the female of ‘Doo’ Simtary, ‘Mare: is the female of “Horse Gents Lady, Brother=+ Sister Duck— Drake, Bull» Cow 6, Plough is used by farmer, siitary ‘WOId is used by soldier Surgeon —» Forceps Tailor = Sevang machine Carpenter Saw 7. We get wax by cande in same ‘manner, pun is get by paper 8. Dog is bark, sinwarly goat is beat. Wolves > How, igs» Grunt Asses Bray 9 Teeth is in mouth in the same ‘manner, brain i in skull 10. As, study of bids is ornithology. Similay, study of animals is cated zoology. Botany > Pints Sésmology — Eanhquakes Phioogy = Languages ‘Selenoiogy > Moon Carciology ~+ Heart IL. Weignt is measured in tlogram. ‘Simsary, temperature is measured in 2, Stote and capital reation is there, same Punjab’s capital is Chandigarh 13, The words in each pair are antonyms of each othe. 14, Second is the working piace of the fist Farmer > Field Arist == Theatre Genk = Otice 45, 48. Diol is the Pasiament of Japan same as Majis is the Parkament of USA > Congress lodia =» Sansad Aighanistan ~ Shora Noway Storing Hints and Solutions 16.45, EG} _K Here, oppost eters gher of each for a. 1247 AS sal sal aef oa] $4 6 8 +a] a] a] 23 6 8 11 Sentary, 102 2] Simi, 22. As,20 24. Cube of 3 is 27. Sirnity, cube of 4s 25, 6524-50 = 6465 9638-59 = [5573] 26, As, 7 77 10 Logiuu Ten | 7x20 Then, 8 88 8 160 Lt: ax | 8x Compiled By Hemraj Inferchange 31. Inthe second figure, a Small figure is. generating, sama as insie the circle. So. this happen in fourth figure, ‘32, In the frst to second figure all figure gets inverieg and figure (cis inverted figute of third, ‘83. From figure (a) 0 (0) theinner tangle gets inverted, so the answer figure {@)is obtained. 34, Follow tho given pattem Inner figure becomes: Q outer and outer gue ‘moves in and gets inverted 35. The symbol ‘o' is moving trom one comer to another in’ clockwise rection £0" in each step and one line is removed while second figuee is formed. 36, From figure (a) to (0) the each arom on outside moves opposite, $0 this happens in igure (¢) to (ot, hence answer figures (a). 37, Figuce tb) ss rorimage of gure ie) Simvary, option () igureisinerator image of gue ¢). Scanned by CamScanneryoursmahboob.wordpress.com Similarities Similarties means ‘Similar figure’. In this chapter similar figure is based on specific characterstices. In such questions a problem figure is given followed by a set of four answer figures marked as (a), (b), (c) and (d). One of the answer figure is exactly similar or identical figure to the problem figure given. The candidate is required to Identify the figure from amongst the figure, which Is exactly similar to the problem figure. Solved Example Directions (Example 1) Choose the correct answer figure which is similar to the problem figures. ; 1, Problem Figure Keep a Mind Carefully observe the problem figure and its design or pattern, cone by one given in the figure, so try to correlate and identify the relationship, then you can choose the correct answer @ om 7 @ __ fomproblem figure rapidly. Sol. (c) Figure (c is identical to problem figure. If figure contains some arrows —, then directions of arrows must be checked proper! Compare this problem figure with answer figures } Always consider the black dots, small lines, shaded + portion and any number given in the figure minutely. ! a * In some cases mirror images or water images are ! Practice Questions Directions (Q. Nos. 1-30) There is a problem figure followed by four answer figures, i., (a), (b), (c) and (a). Find out the figure which is exactly similar with the problem figure, i Problem Figure Answer Figures Problem Figure ‘MG el Biss o % @ Al raha 216) Se 4 WIV VIVIVIFNVIV YL V Viv. VIVIAIV LVF IL LV. @ (b) (c) @) @) (0) ) @ Compiled By Hemraj Scanned by CamScanneroursmahboob.wordpress.com 10 ‘Similarities Problem Figure FACIE o 8 © [ Aloe \ eB) ” o @ , ® oq eo #8 8 e “El a o 8 © @ AafleAle) == eo o © © @ _ o © © @ 1 Chin - Gee o 8 8 @ o o oO @ 7 Ul le] (eaeaee| = fl [ ui mL o © © @ oy @ ah a » ] Ala|ala] = PARES @) oe) () (0) f@ (o) () (d) % Be] Bee Pe 21S | [ q @ O), () (a) (a) FE ies (o) -E] BEES) «= i é SSIS) “nel eal! Otc eral cm 24, 6A 8 a (8 Compiled By Hemraj ®. ® © @ Scanned by CamScannera= yoursmrahboob-wordpress.com Similarities 11 Problem Figure Answer Figures Problem Figure Anrwer Figures Zs = Le [ta |r elf | 5 28. = 2 a} Seale TS : ao @ @ o @ eo . SHE ~ ofiy FREER. ere a i d aN ny o eo «© @ ” @-El EER @) to) © o f@) (b) roy © Answers LO 20, 30 40 $0 60 7a 8@ 9 10% LO 2@ B® WO 15 160. 17.0 BO 120 20 20-22) OH) A) «HOW «=. 3H) I Compiled By Hemraj Scanned by CamScanneryoursmahboob.wordpress.com Differences ng various items such as word from a group end Differences means to observe the differences and similarities armor basis of their general property. a In other word, differences means to classify various objects on the basis of their eons E ro wi a tn differences, items are grouped together on the basis of similarity and the odd one : os Beene taco ences are ment to test the candidates ability to classify given objects and find one wi questions based on differ srcctbelong to the common property withthe other objects of the group. ; ‘ In this chapter a group of words, which are classified on the basis of common features/ propenid hi the candidate has to identify the odd word, which does not belong of name/place/uses/situation/origin etc. TI group. Solved Examples Directions (Examples 1-11) Find the odd word from the given alternatives, 1. (@) Pond (6) River 5. (a) Poland (b) Korea (0 Ocean (6) Waterfall, (6) Spain () Greece Sol. (d)Excopt Watertal all other belongs othe same'group. Sol. b) Except Korea, al others are European courte A epee wa Korea is an Asian country. (asa (6) Canada 6. (a) Polaris (b) Nike Sol. (Except Canada, all other are continent while Canadas (©) Crux () Phoenix ‘one ofthe county in North America continent Sol. (6) 3, 1 ea fare 7. (a) Chameleon * (b) Crocodile i ar (0) Alligator (@) Locust Sol. (a) Except Fiute, all other are string based instruments, Sol. (d) Except Locust, all others are repille, while Lo 4 is Utre (b) Yard large in sect. " () Metre (8 Inch 8. - (@) Day : Night (b) Up : Down 5 So. (a) Except Lite, al other are length urits while lite is a (6) Across : Along @ Smal: Large Sol. (¢) Day-Night; Up-Oown and Smalarge ws /enote the opposite relationship among them, But AZ Along are synonym VLU VOU ELE ea _ Compiled By Hemra} Scanned by CamScannerUP On the does noy 1€ Which perties/ 1B to the ries while scust is@ 9. (2) Mountaln wun (© Plateau (¢) Plane Sol. (d) Except plane, alters have height 10. (6) Barter (@) Purchase (@ Sale (@) Borrow 1. (@) Father () Aunt 2. (a) Cricket (0 Biliards 3. (@) Triangle (@ Grete 4. (a) Advice (6) Suggest 5. (a) Turmeric (6) Ginger 6. (a) Pen * (@) High tighter 7. (@) Poland (©) Spain 8. (@) Catt (6) Hireling 9. (a) Sketch (6) Poster, 10. (a) Metre (@)Yare Ll. (@) Cheetah (©) Bear 12. (@) Baira (6) Rice 13. (2) Chicken {o) Swan 14, (a) Car {¢) Helicopter 15. (a) Sparrow (©) Parrot 16, (@) Stoo! (©) Copper 117. (@) Feathers, (6) Scales 18, (2) Sleet (6) Hailstone Differences 13 Sol, (d) Except borow, all the options are the terms ot business, 11. (0) Flag: Flagship (@) War: Worship Sol. (e) (@) Court: Courtship (6) Friend: Friendship Practice Questions (0) Mother (@) Cousin (6) Hockey (@) Fencing (©) Rectangle (@) Square (6) Counsel (@) Direct (6) Carrot (@) Tomato (b) Poper (@) Marker (6) Greece (6) Korea (@) Cub (} Ducking (0) Diagram (6) Paper (0) Furlong (@) Ace (b) Lion () Tier (b) Mustard (@) Wheat (6) Snake (@) Crocodile (b) Scooter (@) Cycle (b) Swan, (@) Koel (b) Mercury (@Zne (0) Tentacles (@) Pseudopodia (0) Fog (@) Vapour OT some manner, which the fourth one is different. Choose out the odd one. 19. (a) Biscuits {0} Chocolate (©) Cake (d) Bread 20. (a) Raid {(p) Attack (c) Assault (6) Detence 2A. (ayant (Bee {c) Math ~ (6) Spider 22. (a) Violet {b) Bive (©) Green (oWhte 23, (2) Om. (Gow (c) Sparrow (6) Bat 2A, (9) Yelow (wPnk (@ Orange (6) Green 25. (a) Priest (b) Padre (©) Monk {@) Keight 26. (a) Petrol (0) Diesel {e) Kerosene (que 27. (a) Power (b) Pressure (©) Energy EG 28. (@) ACF @EGI (c) KN (d) MOR 29, (a) aRP (RUG {c)NEM os () MAL 380. (@) Cholera. ADs (ce) Cancer {d) Health 31. (a) Cotton (bo) Nylon sik (@) Linen 32, (2) Leat (Siem (c) Branches (¢) Garden 33. (a) ROPE (bo) WED (6) DON () POT 34, (9) ron (0) Steet (c) Gold (Tn 35. (a) Book . {b) Journal () Article (6) Newspaper Compiled By Hemra} Scanned by CamScanneryoursmahboob.wordpress.com Answers 2 10 | © 20 30 46 50 60 70 8 : ia) | LO 26 Bo wo io io mo wo BO Fe | 2) 22) 23.) 28.) 2K) 28 (6) 7G) BLO 7 10 a2) a) kw) aR) 1. Except cousin, all others belong t6 the same generation, 9 2, Excopt Billards, all others are outdoor ‘games. ‘liars is an indoor game, 3. Except circle, all other figures are made up of straight ines, 4. Except direct, all” others ‘synonyms, 5. Excopt tomato, all others, are either modified roots’ or modified stones. The ‘tomato’ is a sprawling plant. attack 6. Exc rf 21, All except spider are insects havin Except paper aloes are used on 7h exept spider ae moo 9 Hencn sept GP al ches middie ltr 7 Brent Kar 2, Seopa Ne ae SME 50 Except hea, al oer are dierent country. 28, Except bat, all others are thing birds. nds of cisaases. 8. All except Hireling are young ones of ‘Bat isa ying mammal 81. Only nylon is synthetic in nature. animals, 24, Except pink, all the other colours are 32, Except garden, all the others are the 9. Allothers can be drawn on paper. 10, All except acre are units of measuring distance, while acre is a unit of area. 1. Al except bear belong to the cat family. 12. Except mustard, all others are food grains. Mustard is an oll seed. 18, Except chicken, all others can lve in water. Hints and Solutions 14, Except cycle all others un on fuel 15. Only ‘swan’ is water bid, 16. Except mercury, all others are soi. 17. All excopt feathers are organs for ‘movement in diferent organisms. 18. All except vapour are citferent forms of precipitation 19. Allexcopt chocolate are baked items, 20. Al except defence are forms of ‘seen in the rainbow. 25. Except knight, all others are religious persons knight is a warrior. 26. Except LPG, all others are liquids wile\LPG is a Uguled Petoteum 27. Except erg, all others are different ‘quantities while ergis the unit of force, we Ne Me Ona Li es Hence, EGI is different from the other three. RUQNEMMAL emppe thts eT parts of a tree. 33. Except ROPE, all other groups of letters has one vowel while ‘ROPE’ have two vowels ie., O and E. 34, Except ses, all others are pure metal Wwiile steel is a mix metal 35, Except article, all others are Combination of various agenda while article is centralised on one agenda. Compiled By Hemraj Scanned by CamScanneryoursmahboob.wordpress.com Space Visualisation ‘Study of three dimensional (3D) figures with its surface, known as space visualisation In this type of questions, opposite and related side ofa dice or the informations regarding a cube are asked . Candidates are required to relate the given dice and cube and transform the relation between more than one dice and the small coloured cubes formulated from a large coloured cube. ‘Questions based on space visualisation may be classified in two types 1. Dice 2. Cube Dice ‘A dice is three dimensional (3D) figure with 6 surfaces. It may be in the form of a cube or a cuboid . The surface of a cube has four sides asup , down , left and right, Every surface is directly attached to other surface. Hence, for one surface there are four neighbouring surfaces and only one surface is not its neighbouring surface termed as opposite surface. Dice may be categorised in two types (@ Ordinary Dice (ii) Standard Dice Ordinary Dice A dice in which the total of two adjacent sides equals to 7 known as ordinary dice although the total of opposite sides does not equal to 7. Here, 3+4=7 [ordinary dice] Here, 392 2 405 ae 1296 2 6 Standard Dice A dice in which the total of two opposite sides equals to 1 > 7 known as standard dice although the total of two adjacent sides does not equal to 7. Here, 14+5=6144=5,445=9 Opposite sides Opposite of 1 = 7-1=6,4=7-4=3,5=7- In such type of questions, one or more than one dices are given and every visible side of the dice consumes an alphabet /number/name of colour. Candidates are required to relate one or more than one dice and identify the value of respected sides. Keep ix Mind ; Rotate the given dice clockwise or anti-clockwise to match the ‘common number. Numbers appearing adjacent to a particular number will never be opposite. When the dice is unfolded, place the common number in the middle block and rotate tothe anti-clockwise direction using the dice one by one. : | Write the remaining number in the remaining block of unfolded dice. Ex. 1 The positions of a dice are shown below. When there are two dots at the bottom, the number of dots at the : will be 0 @ (a2 (b)3 s (d)6 Sol. (b) From the figure, it is clear that number 3 will be opposite t number 2 Scanned by CamScanneryoursmahboob.wordpress.com 16 Space Visualisation Keepam ind . | Cube 1 A cube ahve have 8 smaller cubes having painted wi | Se eee ere arate ‘= When either the oppoiite sides of @ cube are unpaint one of the side of a square, forms 2 cube. In other words, we can say that hin eet t 1s 2 an@ 3) Read the following cube is same as square where length, ‘width and the height remain same. oe cee . Smaller cubes. with three aurfsces Directions Examples 2 the questions given bo’ ined willbe present on the corners ofthe ig cube. information carefully and oe TA OT Om Smaller cates wih two surfaces punted wie present cube of 6 & ween onthe pao nother Peet fon the edges of the big cut ee gait of opposi s ‘Smaller cubes with one surface painted will be present on ee ae the cube is divided into 64 smaller cubes! the surfaces ofthe big cube. unpainted. Nov Smaller cubes with no surface painted will be present inside the big cube. Wred Gcreen lunpaintes How many smaller cubes have two surface painted? (24 ww (32S Sol. (6) Number of smaller cubes with two surfaces painted = Number of cubes present athe comers + Numiber of cube Present at 4 edges = 8+ (n—2)x4= 8+ 8=16 How many smaller cubes will have atleast one surface In this type of questions, the faces of a given cube is painted either in the same colour or in different colours. painted? ‘Then, the larger cube is cut into smaller cubes and (@)16 (24 () 32 (64 candidates are asked to find out the number of smaller Sol. (<) Number of smatier cubes with one surface pai cubes as with different specification. Candidate must be Number of cubes present at the 8 edges + Number of cut able to visualise the colour on the various faces of the Prevent al the four suriaces) smaller cubes as the larger cube is cut out. = (1-2) x84 (n-2P x4 XB+ 4x 4= 16416 = 32 2 Sowtes wi Tiree Surfaces Paintes hcuves win Two Surtaces Painted Flutes with One Sutace Panton Commit to Memory is asked, If a cube is painted on all of its surfac tion as, divided into smaller cubes of ec ces with a colour and then} qual size, then after separation, umber of smaller cubes, so obtained will be calculated o Ke> . under. o) wy . Ss Number of smaller cubes with three surfaces painted =8 7 # | Number of smaller cubes with two surfaces painted : Dice x) = n= 2)x12 : Dice (y) = [2{5|(3} . i . : Aorta ge ate Ista Number ree es surface painted | Opposite ofsess auracaas Opposite of . res iste 3 af oe Number of smaller cubes with no surface painted =(n-2)? (remaining value) Here, n= Number of di | eee visions on the surface of the bigger cube 2 number is twice it means it would be opposite of Length ofedge ofkigeube Length of edge of one smaller cube q [7 When the opposite/top/bottom surface of a dice then note all the visible surfaces in clockwise direct rer umber, ‘Compiled By Hemra} ° Scanned by CamScannerne ite eft es +————-yoursmmatiboob. wordpress.com Solved Examples _ 90 fa die are given Which amber wouldbe 3. A cube which i painted red on the outer surface of » ep whe misz? number ‘2inches height, 2 inches wide and 2 inches across. If itis DOEGp oben batt mee ‘cut into one inch cubes as shown by dotted lines, ‘then a a Sass ene of cubes wie tered of to es? (aa or os (6 Sol. (4) Number 3 appear in same face. Hence, 2is opposite fonumber 6 and 5 le opposite to number 1 2. Which ofthe following cber can be created by fling Se geen gue! a tion Figure ‘ = 3 (4 (6 Sol. (b) From the figure there are no such cube which is. Phila an two ses 4 How many cies ae tein he given gue? = 3 || (EY @ ® @ @ solo) [F Orposte faces (is (20 nD ahaa (910 @i6 . ger Sol. (b) Cubesinfistiow = 44342+1=10 eee ‘Cues in second row c[o Cubes inthis row Opposite faces cannot acjacentto each oh eae +: Opposite laces ca entto each other. Hence, total cubes figuee = 10+ 6+ 3+ Hence, answer figure (2) can be cxeated by folding the given oo sin igure = 10+ 6+ 3 fgue Practice Questions 1. What will be the number at the bottom, if 5 isat the 2. Two positions of a dice are shown. When 4 is at the top, the two positions of the dice being as given below. bottom, what number will be on the top? 0 ® o @ (1 (2 et we 3 6 s (6 Compiled By Hemraj Scanned by CamScanner18 Space Visualisation shown below. If the face itions of dice m 5 Naot fe then the number of dots on swith Idot is at the bottom, ran 0 roy a2 3 os 4. Observe the dots on a dice in the following figures. jow many dots are contained on the face opposite to @2 ws ws os 5. Two positions of a cube are shown below. When the number 4 will be at the bottom, then which number will be at the top? 0 ot aa es os 6. Three nwsitions of a dice are given. Based on them, find out which number is found opposite the number 2 0 w as on 1 os figure). i. os 9. A dice is thrown four times and its four differen itions are shown belo Face oppcite the fae owing 2 Be 4 ). Four sitions of a dice are shown below. 30, Four pons of ise flown bleh ebm hon te ot 9 Directions (Q.Nos.11-20) Select from the alternatives, the box that can be formed by folding the sheet shown in PLO nd the mumber on ty) PP os ws BB w oo ™ m2 os in the given cube? Key <> ~ «a ® © © yd &d (a ona one (9 OnyD () Onys 0 ® @ 12. @6 ws 3 a " 7. Three different positions of a dice are shown below. How many dots lie opposite 2 dots’ Cc ; 6 ? ; r . s ow ® © © a 03 (@)A.BandD OA 93 oe ons aero” 8 Given below ite three different positions of a dice. 13. the number of dots on the face opposite th en ‘opposite the face 0 @ cy ‘ No r we an 4“ ® © © )3 @ (@)A,Bandc (6) Allof these Compiled By Hemraj Scanned by CamScanneryoursmahboob.wordpress.com Space Visualisation se mw mon Z : f Q2Dege “ “ e id ay ° Only C (d) Only D aoe ee hi (@)Aand 8 ()ABandD (a) OryB —@)AandG CLOW : i ‘t ()AandD (0) All of these 21. Count the number of cubes in the given figure. 15. fF] fafel 1 BE BO 1 BAaRne Sy eo Z non’ os an ot ow ws ()AandC (Q) All of these 22, Count the number of cubes in the given figure. 16. oe . ; 1 OeOoe@ t 4 ao ww eras oS ae 23., Count the number of cubes in the given figure. (a) Only A. (ob) AandC (A CandD (d) All of these 11. BOBO er rt ee) 6 a a a 2 24, How many cubes are there in given figure (@) Only A {b) Only C () BandD (@) AandC 18. e < (69 (0) 180 " (144 (es (a) AandB (b) Band C 25. A cube; painted yellow on all faces is cut into 27 (Q)AandD (@)Allof these cubes of equal size. How many small cubes 19, painted on one face only? at (6 je oe (12 * 26, All surfaces of a cube are coloured. If a num smaller cubes are taken out from it, each side size of the original cube's side, indicate the nun cubes with only one side painted. ” a (8) ©) (0) (a) 60 (0) 32 (aAandC (b)BandD (0)OnlyD (4) CandD (2a (6) 16 Compiled By Hemraj Scanned by CamScanner20 Space Visualisation so (2 fd te rin | formation Directions (@.Nos. 27 and 28) Read the informat cca cs are not painted on any face? beso vt sizes 29, How many cub Pose \ inted on one fce on? ts os oe 2, How many eae are pintado oe BF cent is Be cmynat 8. Mo nny steered are no painted on any fae or 08 Hay ste are at it wn : a ter Answers) 8 8 Be 5a 6 ee IO 2. Lo rw ope te FS eS ne ke Be Be We Be Oo a 22 . Frombgure (and is clear hat 4 Stns te edacotto® Thole, Simust ie cpooste 2 2. From tue () and (i), we conclude that 2.3.5 and 6 lis adjacent 10 1 Thereire, es opposite 1 3. From fave () and (i), we conclude that 5.4, 6 ard 2 dots appear Adjacent to 3 dots, Therefore, 1 dot ‘must appear opposie 3 dot. 4.0% rotaing figure () in clockwise aiicton its clear that 2 dot wal be opposie to 4 dol 5, From both the dice it is clear that rruraver 3 wil be opposite of number 4 because number tis on same sce ofboth te dice 6. From tigues (i) and (i.e conclude that the numbers 1, 4. 3 and § le adjacent to the number 6, Cleary, the umber 2 ies opposite 6 and conversely 6 lies opposite 2 7. From tigures (i) and (i), we conciude thal 1.6, Sand 4 dots ie adjacent to 5 dots, Therefore, 2 dots mus ie opposite § dots . Conversely, 5 dots must ie ‘opposite 2 dots, 8. From figues (), (i) and (i.we conclude that 3.46 and 1 dois appear adjacent’ 10 2 dots, Therefore.S dots appear opposite 2 dols Now. rom figures () and (i), “YY Ts Compiled By Hemraj Hints and Solutions we conclude that 2.4 and 1 dots ‘appear adjacent to 3 dots. Therefore, either 5 oF 6 dots appear opposite $3dots. Since, 5 dots appear opposite 2 cots, folows that 6 dots appear ‘opposie 3 dots. 9. From figures (), (i) and (W), we conclude that 6, 4, 3 and 1 lie adjacent to 2. Hence, 5 must ie opposite 2, 10. From figutes (, () and (hy), we conclude that 5, 6,1 and 2 le adjacent to 4. Hence, 3 must ie opposite 4 and vice-versa. In figure (i), 3 is at the too and consequently 4 must eat the bottom face. 11. When the sheet in figure (x) is folded to form a box (cube) then, The number 2 will Jie opposite the umber 4, the number 1 will le ‘opposite the number 6 and. the ‘number & wil ie opposite the number 3. Figure (A) has the numbers 1 and 6 on adjacent faces, figure (8) has numbers 3 and 5 on adjacent faces and the figure (C) has the numbers 2 and 4 on the adjacent faces, So, these three alternatives are not Possible. Since, the numbers 1,3 and 4 can appear on adjacent faces, $0 figure (D) is possible, Hence, only the box shown in figure D Can be formed by folding figure}. 112, When the sheet in figure(y) is folded toformabox (cube), then the dot and the shading must ie opposite to each ‘other. Hence, the figures (A).(C) ang| (©) which bear the dot and the shading on adjacent faces canna| possibly be formed by folding the sheet in figure (%). Therefore, only cube (8) can be formed, Hence, the answer is (6). 18. When the sheet in figure(t) is folded] to form a cube. then the face beating 2 dot appears opposite to a blank face and the face bearing'a '+’sign| appears opposite to another bial face and the face bearing a cick} appears opposite to the top moe blank face, Cleary, all the four cubes shown in figures (A), (B), (C) and (0) can be formed 14. When the sheet shown in figure (| folded to form a cube then the| shaded face lies opposite to one al the blank faces. the face bearing Circle lies opposite to another blank face and the face bearing a shaded| square lies opposite tothe third ban face. Thus each one of the cubed shown in figures (A), (@), (C) and ©} can be formed, 15. When the sheet in figure(X) is folded to form a cube, then ‘F’ appears opposite ‘B’ 'E", appears opposi “Cand ‘A’ appears opposite ‘0 Scanned by CamScanner“Tnerefore. the cde in tigure (A) wewch ghows adjacent to 8) the cube in figure (©) which shows'E" adjacent to ‘Cand the cube in figure (0) which shows ‘A’ adjacent to "0" cannot be formed. Hence, only the cubo in figare (8) can be forme. 16, When the sheet shown in figure(s) is folded to form a cube, then tha face bearing the dot lies opposite to the shaded face, the face bearing acircle (ths sign inside it) les opposite to 2 biank face and the remaining two blank faces 1e opposite to each ctner, Cleary, the cubes shown in figures (8) and (0) cannot be formed, ssnce they have the shaded face ‘adjacent to the face bearing a dot ‘and the cube shown in figure (C) ‘cannot be formed, since it shows all the three blank faces adjacent to each other. Hence, only the cube ‘showm in figure(A) can be formed 17. When the sheet shown in figure (X)is folded to form a cube then the face bearing one dot lies opposite to face bearing four dots the face bearing two dot lies opposite to face bearing sx dots and 170 face bearing three Got les opposite 10 face beating five ‘ot, clearly the cube shown in figure (A) (8) and (0) cannot be formed Hence, only cuve (C) can be formed. 18, When a cube is formed by folding the sheet shown in figure (%), Clearly, ‘each one of the four cubes shown in figures (A), (B). (C) and (O) can be formed by folding the sheet shown in gute 0). 19. When the sheet in figure (X) is folded to form a cube, then the completely shaded face lies opposite 10 the hall-shaded face. Therefore, the ‘cubes shown in figures (A) and (C) 8 21. 22, 23. which have the completely shaded face adjacent tothe halt-shaded face cannot be formed. Hence, only the cubes in figures (6) and (0) can be formes. When the cube is formed by folding the sheet shown in figure 0%, then figure is one of the faces of the cube {and this face lies opposite to the face, bearing a circle. Also, one of the blank faces lies opposite to another blank face and yet another biank face lies opposite to the fourth blank face. Thus, out of the four blank faces, no three faces can appear adjacent to each other, Cleatly, the cube in figure {A) cannot be formed, since there is fo face of the type the cube in figure (@) cannot be formed, since it shows three blank faces adjacent to each ‘other and the cube in figure (C) cannot be formed, since the face figure cannot appear adjacent to the face bearing the circle. Hence, onty the cube in figure (D) can be formed. Cube in first tow = 3+241=6 Cube in second row =2+1=3 Cube in third row =1=1 Hence, total cube in the figure =6+3+1=10 Cube in frst row = 442+1 Cube in second row =2+1=3 Cube in third row =1=1 Cube in fourth row Hence, total cube in the figure, =7+3414 1212 Cube in fist row = 3x Cube in second row=4+1=5 Cube in third row Hence, total cube inthe figure + 541515 Compiled By Hemraj 24, Cube in the bottom row 4x6=24 Total cube in the figure =74x6= 144 25. When a cube is cut into 27 equal small cubes, it means the large cube ig 3x3 and the value ot a= 3 Hence, number of smaller cubes with one surtace painted x6 26. itasmaliercubeis 1/4 atone side ofa torger cube, itincicates that the large cube is of 44nd the value of Hence, number of smaller cubes wth one surface painted (n-2f x6= (4-27 x6 OP x6=4x6=24 Sol. (Q.Nos. 27 and 28) Ita cube is ut in 125. equal small cubes. it indicate that large cube is of 5% 5and the value ofn=8 27. Number of smaller cubes with one suttace painted = (9-2 x6 (5-2) x6= (of x6=9%x6=54 28, Number of smaller cubes with no suttace painted = (9 -2)° = (6-2) = GP = 27 Sol. (2. Nos. 29 and 30) Ifa cube is cut into 216 equal small cubes, it indicates that {216 Hence, here n=6 29, Number of cubes with no surface painted =(n-2)' = (6-2) = (4)? =64 30. Number of smaller cubes with one painted surface = (9-27 x6 (6-2F x6= (4 x6 16x6= 96 Scanned by CamScanner+1 Per cent of qualified students in both subjects yoursmahboob.wordpress.com Problem Solving Jom dcr theese ofsomestuaon armed be fil 0 the candidate and candidate musty the theme of proiom her ger comeatuaton expression that fis into an equation although an equation is combination of arithmetical expression, . | ma Questions ake fom this toe mainly deals wth the arithmetic principles and practieal concern Hence, solution these problems requires common sense with slight amount of logical reasoning. Questions based on this tapié may be classified in two types 1. Venn Diagram Based 2. Arithmetical Reasoning Based Venn Diagram Based ‘al suse = an 258-156 4% In such type of question, informations related to Seana eee diterent cases arearangedhoughindependenveng ‘tee paca Sapo eedene ines icone Steer aerate! °° Atithmetical Reasoning Based enclosed ‘urnngle (ihe univocal aye ae tee vere escription of a problem situation where sic ofthe set being represented by intersection of one or more situations ate posed the mea or ‘which caa| circle. bbe obtained by the application of arithmetical operations. Keep i Mind i Keep a Mind 7 If 086 students fail in one subject, 6% students fail in another * Assign an integer °x’ for non iven value subject and 3 student fain both subjects then 1 Bolance the given value and integer ; * Formulate all the operations on int 100-(a+b~c)% 1 Percent offal student in one subject =(a+b- ce Ex 2. A bus leaves Delhi je (a) 36 Stadertay'® %2™- What is the per cent of qualifiea 15 (930 (a)50 () 60 Sol. (6) Suppose men = 2x (40 (6s and women = x Sol. (6) So, 2x-10= x4 5 = xe 15 tne : * Tota numberof passengers italy inthe bus nglish 2X4 x= Ox= 8x15 = 45 Scanned by CamScannerSe yoursmahboob.wordpress.com Problem Solving 23 Commit to Memory felaon between two mathemati integers maybe refers in the form of rato as 0 When group of people shake hand iogther. then numberof shakes hand = "= i “= Mathematical Expression, ie. ‘Addition = Number +x __ Multiplication = Number xx 1 Keep in rhind the algebraic formulae all the time. Solved Examples 1, There are 19 hockey players in a club. On a particular day, 14 were wearing the hockey shirts prescribed. None of them were without either hockey pants or shirts. Eleven were wearing the prescribed hockey pants. How many ‘were in complete uniform? (7 os ws os Sol. fe) According to question, on as wealtee Ca (2) MSth one Players in complete uniform were= 6 2. Out of 100 families in the neighbourhood, 50 have radios, 75 have TVs and 25 have VCRs. Only 10 families have all three and each VCR owner also has a TV. If some families have radio only, how many have only TV? (@)30 (635 4 (45 Sol. (¢) Hence, number of fariios who have oniy TV = 69 10= 40 3. Class A has students twice that of class B. After adding 20 students to class A and 30 students to class B, the total ‘number of students in both the classes is 140. What is the ‘number of students in class A in the besinning? (@)30 (60 (980 (6140 Sol. (b)Letthe numberof students in class Ainthe beginning _ The number of tudents in class B inthe beginning = According to question (+ 20)+ (& +20 = 34 50=140 2 Practice Questions 1. A pineapple costs € 7 each. A watermelon costs ¢ 5 each. X spends & 38 on these fruits. The number of pineapples purchased is (2 3 @4 os 2, Find the number which when added to itself 13 times, gives 112. (a7 8 (os ou 3. A total of 324 coins of 20 paise and 25 paise make a sum of 71. The number of 25 paise coins is (2) 120 (0) 124 c (0144 (@ 200 4, Ifa clock takes 7s tostrike seven, how long willit take to strike ten? (7s (oes 10s (6) None of these 5. 1f 100 cats kill 100 mice in 100 days, then 4 cats would kill 4 mice in how many days? @t (4 (40 (@) 100 6. Ina family, each daughtet has the same number 0 brothers as she has sisters and each son has twice ai many sisters as he has brothers. How many sons ar there in the family? a2 3 4 @s EP PETES AW ot Led} Compiled By Hemraj Scanned by CamScanner24 Problem Solving 2 75% 12, According to a survey 70% people have Care 1 people have TV. If 55% people have both Cars and ‘TV's. Then, how many per cent of people who do not hhave Car and TV? aes e120 © (at0 os 8, In. family, the father took + ofthe cake and he had times as much as each of the other members had. ‘The total number of family members is 33 wr (10 (or 9. A bird shooter was asked, how many birds he had in the bag. He replied that there were all sparrows but six, all pigeons but six and all ducks but six, How many birds he had in the bag in all? ais (18 (ear (36 10, In a survey 654 people watch news on National TV chunnel, 40% people read newspaper and 25% people watch news on National TV channel as well read the newspaper, According to survey how many per cent of | peuple do not wateh news on National TV channel and do not read the newspaper? a8 10 (20 (ors 11. Abus starts from city X. The number of women in the bus ix half of the number of men. In city Y, 10 men leave the bus und five women enter, Now, number of | ‘men und women is equal. In the beginning, how many pausengers entered the bus? ro m2 (e136 (4s 12, Find out the number of people who do not play any sume. 2 Toons player a9 (18 ws (ais 13. From the information given below, find out the number of people who do not read any newspaper. Indian Express wa 195 (0) 135 (75 14. A farmer built a fence around his square plot. He used 27 fence poles on each side of thi Poles did he need altogether? at How many (0) 175 (a) 100 (b) 104 7” (c) 108 (0) None of these What is th ir telephone r2duet ofall the numbers in the dial of a (oy 159080 peers {@) None of nese {2 teae00 : Te oe pee Gein Forever 16 ser Theres one captain, The number of eaptains in the Ger ee 17, Aruna eut cake into into smaller pieces of © Pisces is 20 in wet. ors (a7 ves and cuts one halt roa size, Bach of the smal he has 7 ples of the cake In all with her, how heavy was the origi agg stcog wana 2809 18. A student got twice as many sums wrong a5 he got * Fight. Ifhe attempted 48 sums in all, how many did he solve correctly? on 0) 16 (2a + of boys in a class is three times the 18. The sumber of inch one ofthe following numbers umber of rent the total number of children in the | class? ae wos . Thavea few sweets to be distributed. IfT keep 2, 3 or4 % in a pack, I am left with one sweet. If I keep 5 ina | pack, I am left with none. What is the minimum number of sweets, I have to pack and distribute? (25 7 (54 (0) 65 | 21. Mr. Abhi was to earn € 300 and a free holiday for | ‘weeks work. He worked for only 4 weeks and earned | = 30 and a free holiday. What was the value of the | holiday? (F300 EID RIED MRA 22, In a cricket match, five batsmen A, B, C, D and E scored an average of 36 runs. D scored 5 more than E; E scored 8 fewer than A, B scored as many as D and E | combined and B and C scored 107 between them. How | many runs did E score? eee 45 (928 (20 23. Amonkey climbs 30 feet at the beginning of each hour {ndrests fora while, when he slips back 20 feet before w again starts climbing in the beginning of the next hour. If he begins his ascent at 8:00 am at what time [ill he frst touch a flag at 120 feet from the ground? (@)4pm (0) 5pm (© 6pm (6) None of these 24, Inacity, 40% of the adults are illiterate, while 85% of | the children are literate. Ifthe ratio of the adults w| that ofthe children is 23, th Population is iterate?” WOE Percent of the (20 (0) 25 25. A fires 5 shots to B's 3 but A kills only once in 3 shots| while B kills once in 2 sh is 27 times, Ahas killed” WHE" B has missed (2) 30 birds (©) 72 bids ow (ae (40 | 50 or (0) 60 dics | (0) 90 birds | Scanned by CamScannerae boob. word, yoursmah ood.wordpress.com le Answers P= FC) a a) Gar a) a) WO 2) 18) = 167) — 1H) =) 2.) a0) 22@) 2) 2A) 28.) 1. Let the number of pineapples and watermelons be xand y respectively. Cleary, y is a whole number, only ‘when (98~7x)is divisible by 5. This happens when x = 4 2, Let the number be x. Then, x+13x=112 = 1x = x Let the number of 20 paise coins be x. Then, number of 25 paise coins =(824-%) 2. 0.20.x-+ 0.25 (324 ~ x = 20x +25(24~x)=7100 = 5x = 1000 = x=200 Hence, number of 25 paise coins = (G26—x)= (824-200) = 124 4. Clearly, 7 stiikes of a clock’ have 6 intervals while 10 stikes have 9 intervals 7 1 a red ti =108 5. Less cals, more days (Indirect proportion) Less mice, less days (Direct proportion) Let the required number of days be x. Cat 4 :100 Mice 100: fei 100x4xx = 4x 100x100 4100x100) = xo( 2100x100) (“ima”) -10 Hints and Solutions 10. According to question, Nowepaper () Required per cent (00 ~(40-+25+15) 100-80 =20% IL. Originally, let number of women = x Then, number of men =2x So, incity ¥, we have 6. Letd and s represent the number of Gaughters and sons respectively. wv Then, we have d -1=sanda(s-)=d Solving these two equations, we get d=4s23 11. According to question, wv, car Required per cent of people who do have not Car and TV 100-20 + 85+ 15) 100-80 Qx-10)=(x+5) ox =15 =10% «Total number of passengers in the beginning =(x + 2x)= 3x = 45 8. Let thefe be (x + 1)members. Then, 1 12. Number of people who do not play any game = 40-(@5-16+22) Fathers shere =, share of each ‘ 0-1-9 other member = =. 13. Number of people who do not read 34 ‘any newspaper 9G )-4 3 2989 x=9 = 420~(@5-60+200) . 2420-205 =195 Hence, total numberof faiy 14, Since each pole at the corner of the members = 10 plotis common toits two sides, sowe 9. ‘There were all sparrows but six’ aes means that six bitds were not sparrows but only pigeons and eee eae eee =27x4~4=108-4=104 ducks, Similarly, number of sparrows + number of ducks = Gand number of sparrows + number of pigeons = 6 This is possible, when there are 3 sparrows, 3 pigeons:and 3 ducks ie, 9birds in al 15. Since one of the numbers on the dial of a telephone is zero, so the product of all the numbers on itis 0. 16. Cleatly, out of every 16 persons, there is one captain. So, number of captains = 1200 1a 275 16 WT OT Fe Lael Li YT ‘Compiled By Hemra} Scanned by CamScanneryoursmahboob.wordpress.com 117. The 7 pieces consist of 6 smalior ‘equalpeces and one haifcake piece, Weight of each small piece =209 So, ota! weight of the cake =RxGOx6)]9=2409 18. Suppose the boy got x sums right ‘and2x sums wrong, Tren, 19. Let number of gis = x and ‘umber of boys = 3x Then. 3x + x= 4) students ‘Thus, to find exact value of x, the {otal number of sludents must be visible by 4 while, 42is not sible by 4, 20. Cleary, the required number would be such tha itleaves aremainder of 1 when divided by 2, 3 of 4 and no ‘emamnder when divided by 5. Such a number is 25, 21, Let the value ofthe holiday be tx ‘Then pay for 7 weeks work 283004 x *x4=2904x otal number of 3004 7 So? 26 Problem Solving 222, Total runs scored = (36% 5)= 180 Let the runs scored by E be x Then, tuns scored by D= x + § uns scored by A= x+8 Funs scored by B SAE KHS=Ox45: uns scored by C=(107-B) =107-@x + 5)= 102-2 So, otal runs = (x + 8)+ @x-+ 5) + (102-24) + (x4 B)4x 23+ 120 3x + 120 = 180 = 3¢= 60 = x=20 23, Net ascent ofthe monkeyin th, = (80-20) feat O feet So, the monkey ascends 90 feet in Shiie, til Spm Clearly. in the next 1 he, til 6 pm the monkey ascends remaining 30 feet to touch the lag, — ™ 24. Let the numberof adits and chcren, e2x and 3x respectively, Then, iterate popuiation = (100 ~ 40}%6 of 2x + 85% of ax ~(Bx2d)+(Bxa) 100 8k , 51x _ 75x i ie «Required percentage = (Bix Za t00}s 75% 20 25. Let the total number of shots be x, 27x16 o x= (Z218) 144 Birds killed by A 5x “24 Scanned by CamScanner_ yoursmahboob.wordpress.com Analysis — Itrefers to the general tendency of direction especially for mathematical notification. In this chapter pattern of changes in series and the pattern of changes in an equation on the basis of specific rule is given. Candidate: its mean. Questons from this chapter may he categorised in two types 1. Concept Based 2, Equation Based Concept Based Such type of questions are followed by specific changes (emher positive or negative) in a series within a definite dass-interval. Candidates are required to identify the pattern of given set and consider the required one. Keep i Mind ‘Such type of questions mainly deals with the pattern ie. # tetetetat © FZ 4D 44242 8 AedeS.07. #2444648, Pear ea esa Pea +e 48's. A238, x4, x5, fe tezeded, and so on. Ex 1 The number of students in a course increases every year in college. Find out the number in 2010 from the following information. Yoar 2005] BOOB] 2007] 2006] ZOO] 2070 Numt 23] 29] 38] 50] ? (ass (65 (70 (7s Sol. (6! The number of students increases are as follows 2 23 2 38 50 ca Lo ts Lo LA TE are required to identify the prescribed pattern or rule, so that the series or equation may complete Equation Based In such type of questions, equations based on imagionary rules, are given. Candidates are required to identify the pattern of used equations and use the such pattern, Tespectively. Keep a Mind : ‘* These questions are based on typical mathematical operations. So, regular practice can clear the concept of ! such questions, i ‘ Use the mathematical operations i., addition, subtraction. ‘multiplication and division one by one. = Hit and trial method may be useful to conclude the accurate answer, Bx. 2 1366 (146) 437, then 576 (2) 641 (@) 236 (b)356 (0250 (6) 134 Sol. (d) As, (437 - 364)x2 = 146 (ridge number) Similarty, (641-574)x2 =f] (middie number) Ex. 3 If5=5,6=12,7=21, B= 32, then 9 is equal to (9 (27, (36 (45 Sol. (d)As, 5x1=5 6x2 =12 7x3=2t 8x4= 32 Similarly, 9x 5=[65] Compiled By Hemraj Scanned by CamScanneryoursmahboob.wordpress.com 28 Analysis : Commit to Mer ceptual solution may based on the principal of Here. . Screen the orm af consecive even/odd number boo racket-9 1) “2 inereamentin the frm of prime numiers/whole umber. o> of- * ‘© decreament in the form of consecutive even numbers/ odd numbers. D— Division > + ‘© decreamentin the form of prime numbers/whole numbers, M=> Multiplication A> Addition >" 8+ Subtraction -> * +» productive series. Must know the concept of BODMAS rule, Solved Examples it in place of tions (Examples 3-5) What will come in pl on mark () in the following questions? 1, From the given details, estimate the number of people Dire’ 95,3 = 28;9, 1=810;2,1= 13:5, 4= affected by Tuberculosis in particular locality in the year questi 1994, 3.72 7986] 1887 [1908 @19 ws (20 (6) 239 7 [ [13 [ia 176 Sol. (0) As, 7,2 =9(7-2)+ (7+2)=259 5. 3=9(5-3)+ (5+ 3) =>28 os 8ST 81 (01+ (8+) 2810 Sol. (a) and 2192-)+ 2+) ee ee Bee Meee of People Lt 4, 1f38 +15 = 66and29 +36 = 99, then 82 +44 =? a i @7 (83 (8084 2. Forecast the growth rate for the year 1995 from the Sol. (c) 38+15= 66 29+ 36= 99 following data. = (8+ 8)x(1+ 5) = 66=9@ + 9)x(3+ 6)= 99 = T aS ST ae] a Similarly, 82+ 44 = (B+2)x(4+ 4)=10x8 Grownfate] a5 {a7{ ait ae tes[ 7 5, 1f9*7=32,13* 7 =120, 17 * 9 =208, then 19 * 11=? 7s wae 27 oe8 (2150 * ~ (b)180 (e210 (@) 240 Sol. {c) Growth rate are as following Sol.(d)As, 9°7—99°—7° =9B1~49=32 1990+ 1991» 1992» 1993-» 1994» 1905 t8*7 134 7° = 169-49=120 pe + h + 4 w9=917?— 9? 289-81 =208 SRA AS Smiley, 19" 11-919" 11? = 961~121 =a 102 oa “oe vis ae L__4L_tl OE ee Practice Questions 1, Out of five children of a Person each ive isis some pat of his income fo him What the nas or ‘Resultofaclas ii money given by A to his father? the given information predict the result of year 201: increasing every year, iver . Children ALB To Year 2000 | 010 D E 2011 | 2012 | 20%: Way Rcsvedby | 7 855 #5] Ban] Fo Resutof Class [9% | 135% | 27% | aosu | 7 2 ea (0) 815% ea ; 7 oe arm (R75 LL LW ae Compiled By Hemra} Scanned by CamScannerYe yoursil©aiv00v- wordpress.com Analysis 29 g 3, Literacy rate of a city is increasing every year. 11. Ina village number of mice are increasing every year. ‘According to the given information predict the By given data evaluate the missing term. iearseg wate te Yous 20187 Year| 1000] Teor | ioo2] 1993] iooe | 1885 Year| 2008] 2000] 2010 | Zari | 20% [013 ro eracy Rata] 79.4%] 60% | 61.20% | 63.6%] 83.4%] 7 (ze se (98% ()982% (OBA (g) 986% (28 (ose 4, Read the given information and find the value of E. 12, Road accidents are increasing every month as shown x 5 ¢ 3 E in the given data, Evaluate number of accident 70 5 3 aa Fi occured in June month. Year “an | Fob] Mar] Ape | May [Jone 2s 125 (08s) NTS ena paz] ae] a0 | 2] 158)? 5, Contribution in child reliof fund is decreasing every ‘esident According to information predict the ¥ ‘Contributed sum of year 2014. pe ae tae Year | 2010 | 2011 | 201 | oa | 70 ye 5 OM Directions (Q. Nos. 13-25) Some equations have been Amount | €6000 | € 7650 | €7ie0 | teae0 solved on the basis of a certain pattern. Find the correct (6650 (b)F6740 (—)¥6720 Wario _—_answer for the unsolved equation on that basis. 6. Turn over of a company is increasing in an order. 18. 8+ 8-4=6,4+6-8=3,2+8-8=25+8- dis What will be turn over of year 2014? equal to 10 aaa Year sora] aor [ore] aura] woe a oe at ee 7 x 7 |. 8x 8-72, 6x 6= 42,7 x7 = 56, 5x Bis ec ae oe ues ieee (25 20° 0 10 15. 4x 6x 2= 951, 3x 9x 8= 287, 9x 5x Gis equal to (@) 2975 cro (8107 core i me (6) 89.50 core (6) 81050 crore eo Oe oa ee X6X9= 976, 5x 9x 4 = M59, 6x 3x Bis to 1. According tothe information prodict the growth rate 1% 1XEX9= 976 5x x 4~ 459, 6x 9 Bis equal of year 1995. (1s (863 Your se90 [1991 1992 ie03] 1994] 1995 47, § x 3x 9-995, 9x7 x5 = 759, 7 x 6% 4 is equal to GrowihRate | 35] 37] 41] 49| 65 | ? era (0) 476 at7e@ ()%B6 R97 R99 (o6a7 (764 8. Evaluate the numbor of people in a specific area | 18. 19x 8x9=8199,7x6x81=6781,5x12x7 is suffered by disease plague in year 2009. equal to - Year ooo | 2010 | zorn | eore | Ore oe fg cee ee ck 7 |. 8x B= 18, 4 x 4 = 32,7 x7 = 98, 6x Gis equal to Number of People |? | 107 | 97 | 68 | €0 aa nie ae ey ite 117 (118 (a) 120 20. 4x4 = 6,6% 6=26,7 x7 = 39, 5x Bis equal to 9, Evaluate the production of wheat in a firm according (225 (18 10 (0) 35 to the given data. 21, 2x 3= 64, 4 x 5=108,7 x 8= 1614, 5x 6s equal to Year | 2006] 2009] 2010] 2011] 2012] 2013 (e120 (o) 1326"(et210 (a) 1415 Production | 52 { 54/ 11 | 112) 226) ? 22, 9x 8x7 = 876, 6x 4x 2= 531, 8x 5x Bis equal to (tonne) (asr (e647 (e744 (742 (226 (446 23, 5x 6+3-5=5,9x 8+ 4 — Bis equal to (45.4 (228 (@)18 (o)10 (9 (1 10. Evaluate the number of book sold by a book seller 24. 4x 9x 3x 6 = 6493, 2x 8x 1x 8= 8281, 3x 8x 5x7 from the given data. is equal to (@) 3875 (©) 7385, 2000 | 2010] 201 | 2012 | A018 (587 (3578 wee] is 1 - 25, 6 x 8x 3= 638, 9x 0x 2= 920, 5x7 x 4 is equal to . 6X BX 3= 638, 9x 0X , 5x7 x 4 is equi (@) 905 (b) 870 (a) 574 (b) 547 (01835 (6) 800 (6) 475 (o) 745, Scanned by CamScannerL@ 20 34) 1L@ 12° 1B. 2h 2) 2) 1. According tone question, Ds x» 0 Hence, A gives 860 ths father. 2, Accoréng othe question, 3 1395 a7 405 GD Hence, itis predicted that in year 2013 result f class wil 81% 3. Accorcing tothe question, mw ts TBH vie “40H +H +708) Hence t's precctod that in year 2013 ieracy rate wil 9%. 4, According tothe question, 0 6 5 25 Hence, value of Es 25. 5. Accorcing tothe question, m7 fe oe oy! ar Hence, contribution in child relief turd in year 2014s 86740, 6, According o the question, 525 600 750 825 VOR AS ae aS Hence, tum over of a company in Year 2014 is 29575 crore 1. According tothe question, the fateis oe 14.0) 24. () 12 636 aoe + wordpress.com Answers ow te ne oS vege 8 48 28 28 2S Zo | Hints and Solutions spot ip nipee maine as RKRAAAY 13. As, 34 8-4-5 (3x8)r 424+ 4=6 446-89 (4x6)+ B= 24+ 8=3 and Seo ext)eB=16+8=2 stats uth simiary, Hence, grow rate in year 1095 s en ra Hence,? = 10 & Acro easton, we . a a a ad 8x8= 64-9 64+ = 6x6= 26.— 96+ 6 ee and 7x7 =49=94947 wee Sad Vas 72 be suffered from disease plague. Simitaty, 9. According to the question, 5x5=25425+-5= [30] 2s 2 as Hence, 2= 30 15. AS, 4x6 x2 and 3x9 x8 h b fh b b } sa bat Simiaryg x § x 6 Hence, the production of wheat in year 2013 is 22.8 tonne, 10. According to the question, 1150 1115 1045 940 ls | | Ss Hence, number of book sold in year Hence, ?= 845 2018 is 800. 16. As,7 x 6 x9 and x 11. According to the question, § Ye 444=8 ee eee Simiiaty, gx 9x9 Hence, = 86: Mi As, SOY Song: IX, Similanty, 7 a eA Hence, = 7= Hence, number of mice in the year 1993 are 28, * 12. According to the question, 112 120 190 142456 1 A ae ae Hence, in month June road accidents are 172 Compiled By Hemra} Scanned by CamScannert= yoursmahboob. wordpress.com Analysis 31 18. As BL. Asaxg = 0 4 Silay 3 9x84 4-8= 18-8 ty s Hence, a x5 01 xp 1618 "7 ° PE SPT ona] Le PA, AS, 4x QQ XS similar. = a imilay. 66 = [ET ove Simian 6 = OTD and 2% > 1X8 Hence,? =1257 Le) Hence, 7=1210 cee AS, 3x32 9x2 . ® a 22. As9 8 7 ade 4 2 Simiay, 9x Qx S27 x42 16x2=32 mete, &X and 7x7 = 49x2=98 | al SPS : Simiary, 6x 649 36x2-472) 76 5 34 cs 3 Hence 2-72 Simiary.g Hence, 7= 7385 ed eee 25. AsoxQxg and 9x Qx? Fea Be me ane. a and 7x7 =» 49-10 Hence, 2 =742 5s % Similarly, 5x 5 = 25-10. 23, As, 5x6+3-5=5x2-5 Similarly, 5 x 7% 4 =10- x Henes, Hence, = S47 AEF VT EE PO eT Ted Compiled By Hemraj Scanned by CamScannercep 1 ofthe most important part of good ‘on critical thinking. Critical thinking is one of ‘critcal thinking, A jalponert A pen wi good marry ond hs kus to fas snot neces, ood cl iki 4 ‘hcainnicr cae to dake conseuctces from abate nove an he nus Row oi Sole problems ont seek elvan sources of formation fo inform himself. Good judgement is the ability to think clearly and rationally. It includes the ability to engage in reflective and independent thinking. Someone with good judgement skills is able to do the following + understand the logical connections between ideas + identify, construct and evaluate arguments + deiect inconsistencies and common mistakes in reasoning + solve problems systematically | + identify the relevance and importance of ideas + reflect on the justification of one’s own beliefs and values Solved Examples Directions Examples 1-3) Read the ellowing information carefully and answer the questions that follow. 1, The Earth’s resources are being depleted too fast and at a very rapid rate, To comect this, India must Keep its ¥esource consumption at present levels for many coming years in future, (The argument above depends on which of the following assumptions? (a) Per capta resource consumption in india is at an alltime igh (6) india wastes resources (6) India uses more resources than any other country (© Curbing Inda's resource consumption wil signeanty retard word resource depletion Sol. (4) Accoraing ‘rapid rate can be corrected of ‘the following, ‘if true, would. most strengthen the argument above? @ aeustaaurce deposts ae constantly being dscovered in (@) Other countries have agreed to hold their resource congumption at present levels in future « Sol, (6) India consumes one-fith of all resources used in the werld. This aves strength to the argument in the passage India needs to keep ts consumption level at present rate ior ‘many corning years because itis ammajor consumer Ol eri "resources and consumes one-fifth ofthe resources 2, In an experiment, two different types of recorded music rete played for neonates in nurseries in a hospital, Tn Toad fy lasscal music was played and in munsery iy {Bud rock music was played. after some weeks: wtinrs found that the babies in nutsery A ered less aie EeaGERinor aliments, and gained more weight thee at the babies in nursery B. (In evaluating the validity of the conclusion mag sted by the experiment above, it would be most important to know which of the following? (0) The musical preferences of the parents of Thema ofthe parents of the two groups (©) Whether the newboms in both urseries lly healthy and happy atthe start ofthe experne (0) Whether loud rock mus age the he aipetaal c can damage the hearing of (@) The average weight ofthe neonates before and aftr the experiment Compiled By Hemraj Scanned by CamScannerJudgement Sol. (2) The condtions atthe starting ofthe experiment is essential @réraw any conclusion. Only onthe basis ofthe intial concn, [Byyvatid concuson can Be Grau (i) Which of the following additional experimental data ‘would support the hypothesis that classical music is Denefical to the development of newborn? {a) The neonates in a nursery where no musie was played fared beter than those in nursery B ae {b) Nursery A contained 25% more premature babies than nursery 8 (@) The newborns in nursery A cried less, suffered fewer minor “aliments, and gained more weight than did newborns In a nursery with n@ muste (6) The music played in nursery A waslouder than that played in nursery B Sol. (¢) The.newbomns in nursery A cried loss, suffered fewer mrnor aimenis, and gained more weight than di newboms in a Fursery with no sound music. This supports the hypothesis that Gassioal music is beneticial for good growin of newboms as fee cyan ge ur tes ee cree cen ce I sa noes 0 ge a a Sa istsanccaay aes ohana sta coor tee pss rae sores cana oes oer aron th averting 8 The Fewer ert aeons there are who advertice ther scr the more Iyer te ew cae Seige nd te or ae iy ge ae Oo ane ny oh eee Dah ames ro Siretioment that oot ee chan heat ee ee eects nite Which of the following, if true, would most seriously Tic of ih fling Me tas po ee ee eae ene ee earn ° ‘had limited the advertising of legal services Bete em Baraat aeas geetay pee ee (© Fe Some qunty 90 tose proned by lawyers who @0 one Ober Mare fenstatas nentercoonseatad restricted to commercial airliners and only those private planes equipped with radar, most of the private-plane traffic would be forced to use outlying airfields. Such reduction in the amount of private-plane traffie due to restriction would reduee the risk of mid-air colision around the centrally located airports, (© The conclusion drawn inthe first sentence depends on Which ofthe following assumptions? (@) Outying aitelds woud be as conveniont as centraly «ute ipors fr most pots of pate panes st outlying aids ‘are not equi nde commerciatatine trafic Sted hd le (6) Most private planes that use centrally locate "ot equipped with acer geet) (0) Commercial iriners ‘commercial-aiine trate (6) Many pilots of private equipment than be airports (6 Private planes not eq Mipped with radar systems cause a lsrOpotionatey large number ef oa an sete 0.nd cena cat apne Planes woud rather buy radar cluded om conta Yad Scanned by CamScanneryoursmahboob.wordpress.com Judgement 35 8, Companies A and B each have the same number of employees who work the same number of hours per swouk. According to records maintained by each company, the employees of Company A had fewer job-related accidento last year than did the employees of Company B. Therefore, employees of Company A are less likely to hhave job-related accidents than are employees. of What the fot = ® following, itrue, would most strengthen the conclusion above? (@) Company B manufactures products. that are more oy arms rarer fo rhe tan ces Company A 5 more safely in wan doo Sompany 8 fy inspections than ce (©) Company 8 maintains a more modern infirmary than does ‘Company A (0) Company A paid more for new job-related medical claims than did Company B Gi) Which of the following, if true, would most weaken the conclusion above? (@) The employees of Company B lost more time at work due to job-elated accidents than id the employees of Company A\ (0) Company B considered more types of accidents to be job-related than did Compary A (©) The employees of Company B were sick more atten than were the employees of Compainy A (@) Several employees of Company A each had more than ‘one job-related accident 9, Suitable habitats for tigers have greatly diminished in area in recent past and are diminishing continuously. In, spite of this fact, the most sensible course would be to refrain from re-establishing tigers in places where previously they have been hunted out of existence. Striving to bring back these animals to places where they will face lethal human hostility is immoral. () The argument above depends on {@) an appeal to an authoniy (0) a belief that tigers are dangerous to human beings and livestock (6) an assumption that two events that occur together must be causaly connected. (6) an assumption that the future wil be like the past Gi) The arguinent above would be most significantly weakened if which of the following were true? (@) Effective laws against the hunting of tigers have been enacted (©) Ranchers, farmers, and hunters stil have an ingrained bias against tigers (0) By the 1980's bounty hunters had exterminated most of the tigers in india (@) Programs for increasing the tiger population are not aided by laws that require the licensing of hunters of cortain predators. 10. Ifthe artificial is not better than the natural, to what end are all the arts of life? To dig, to plough, to build, to wear clothes, to drive, to manufacture —all are direct violations of the injunction to follow nature. @ Which one of the following is an assumption made by the author of the passage? (@) The arts of life have no useful end (0) The atifcal is not better than the natural a Compiled By Hemraj (@) Diggng, ploughing, building, and wearing clothes are beter than nature tg Tenant ooton nae soda ite (i) If the author's argument wore challenged on rounds that the construction of buildings has Stdverse effects on the natural environment, which of the following replies might the author use to respond, to the challenge logically? 3 The ae Renartactvles, auch as making musi, tat are eavtonmentaly harmiess (©) Harming the envigonmentis not an end, or purpose, of the ars of Me {61 The consiuctn could invotve the use of natural, not” anal mate (@ Bron 1 Tho rata! anvronment is. disturbed by the onstruction of buidings his Improved forhuman use. 11, Radioactive wastes from nuclear power plants have been temporarily stored on-site, but this is not a satisfactory kind of place for long-range storage of these wastes. Since no suitable plan of safe permanent storage of such ‘waste from the nation’s existing and planned nuclear Plants has been devised, some people propose that we Should stop trying to develop such a plan and instead should shut dow all present nuclear plants and build no new nuclear plants. The proposal mentioned above falls short of offering a complete solution to the problem it addresses because (@) itwouid prevent he development of safe technologies forthe producing electric power (©) Itdoes not distinguish between nuclear plants that have, and plants that do not have, a reputation for operating safely, (©) it does not provide for the permanent storage of already existing waste (@) the risks of unsafe disposal of waste from nuclear power plants lien the future, but the benef from such plants are in the present Nature constantly adjusts the atmospheric carbon dioxide level. An increase in the level of earbon dioxide causes the atmosphere to hold more heat, which causes ‘more water to evaporate from the oceans, which causes increased rain. Rain washes some earbon dioxide from the air into the oceans, where it eventually becomes part of the sea-bed. A decrease in atmospheric carbon dioxide causes the atmosphere to hold less heat, which causes decreased evaporation from the oceans, which causes Jess rain, and thus less carbon dioxide is washed into the oceans. Yet some environmentalists worry that burning fossil fuels may raise atmospheric carbon dioxide to a dangerous level. It-is true’ that a sustained increase would threaten human life. But the environmentalists should relax as the nature will continually adjust the carbon dioxide level. (@ Each of the following can be inferred from the information in the passage EXCEPT (@) A decrease in the level of atmospheric heat causes a decrease in the amount of carbon dioxide that rain ‘washes into the oceans from the air (b) An increase in the level of carbon dioxide in the almosphere causes increased evaporation of ocean water (©) An increase in the level of atmospheric heat causes increased rainfall, (0) A decrease in the level of atmospheric heat causes a decrease in the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere 12. Scanned by CamScanneryoursmahboob.wordpress.com 36 Judgement Ti ee tet pa Rae een aioe caten ea 0182 eas narreanng nesscoten dont be Se ale manio 0 eaatan enermseres tae Rthers Sore eeseaanon natural adjustment process. curs over one ne ore oar ainecanon eeualanemcn ° Fe ee advncee ener HgeY Tea ec rie Cras we 2 ee eoeathindns cal ster pone yr ae cere dar ely Pte ae Se re ne aT ern eae oe a aatealy aa ee eo enoed be st les aii: pommel ig ioe sane et ee aa op ib tol coca ees Foch arthe following, iftrve, would support a challenge i sae en eee aes enone ees Scena ee ae es mre easy cre egy sa 14, Petey Adele Frm of sch i at only Basi pancetta iek apetien pared teed sora ta dope Nin eae ay ay ‘Sc aura uly props oe ea ee wich and dines as ca Ree nee ‘atonal sngameat Nating Sate caer te bY Fie fg adasr hol pean, in eomnnraing eae, oF permtson, in Eprints ba dca by wf ow re 2 Aer ataton ote ate pecchasan hut founshes wnen tree speech is allowed et » Acvocating respect or basi ngs of ctzens fos ov ©) A cous ng of moxalxtoals wan selfantevest 2) A wring about the aitteuty of suppressing the truth i) Which one of the following, if true, vw srengthen the argument? WOuld most () Govemments are 13s tnely to 00g apes Hel 10 be Oventrown they Ng freedom of speech Compiled By Hemraj 16. A university should not be ravironmentalist An increased number of oil spills 15. Ent the consequent damage to the environment indicate fo need for stricter safety standards for the ol . Slee the industry refuses to take action, it is the Pulfonal government that must regulate industry safety aagards, In particular, the government has to at least wire oil companies to put double hulls on their AE ee ittidente, Industry representative: The industry alone Should be responsible for devising safety, standards feonuse of ite expertise in handling oil and its Understanding of the cost entailed. Implementing the Aovble-nll proposal isnot currently feasible becaie it creates new safety issues. Furthermore, the cost w , fon on which i) Which one of the following is an assumption Oo tein ciment ofthe environmentalist depends? berm le seen af esoasod Sane tale standards foro takers are acon bythe nctey Yana ovcnent egUaton, 1 ORE exam initialy costly, will save money over time by reducing Sean cose (0) The of industy’s aging fleet of tankers must either be Tepaked rcs ropes (e Cresent saeyy equations aro developed Ina Ceres fetch wan inlesty avers ‘and Poctonacnt anges i Whtch'one of the following, if true, most strongly Rupporta "the industry representetive's positon not the environmentait's postion? OFRecsah? S'Senbishole tree ead with oll was paschvod nhenittan aground, bul re ol was released ¢ Biopoced Goneromant sopuetion wats Warde ie Crentonot Sponal eopenso anc rescooioarce wating Geast Goad to respond ts ol apie and esorinats (@) Proposed Tegslaion requies that new tankers have Goubiohute bu tat exsig aera eer berolted cag, dowbl hutsint nea 10yrer ese be ates (<) Fumes can become trapped between the two hull layers. of doubierutes takers and tho tak of expen eet Could rptare ne tarmrs huis hereby eee os ntitled to patent the members. Universities are tellectual freedom and should encourage the free flow of ideas and the general dissemination ot knowledge, Yet a university that retains the right to Pe aeepreinventions ofits faculty members has a motive ress information about i discovery until the patent for it"has teen wale ssing information incompatible with the u mote the free flow of ideas. ( Which one of the following i i Tish one ofthe sis an assumption that the (2) Universities a guarantors of intellectu: . potase " ee faculty members would be (¢}Pubicaton feos onesearchis th cy {3S8EETINALe oration concoming soy ee ee (0) Universities that have @ Motive to suppress information Concering discoveries by their tacck il occasionally act on that motive Y members wi Scanned by CamScanneryoursmahbeah.wardpress.com Gi The claim that a university should not be entitled to patent the inventions of its faculty members plays Which one of the following roles in the argument? {@) Its the conclusion ofthe argument (0) Its a principle from which the conclusion is derived (6) Itis an expct assumption {@) tis adctonal but nonessential information in suppor of ‘one of he premises 17, A favoured theory to explain the extinction of dinosaur together with many other species, has been the globally catastrophic collision of a large asteroid with the Earth. Supporting evidence is an extraterrestrial chemical clement in a layer of dust found worldwide at a geological level laid down eontemporaneously with the supported event. A new competing theory contends that any asteroid impact was irrelevant, because it was massive voleanic activity that caused the extinctions by putting ‘enough dust into the atmosphere to cool the planet. The Decean region of India contains extensive voleanic flows ‘that occurred within the same time period as the supposed asteroid impact and the extinctions. (@ The new theory assumes that (@) the massive volcanic activity was not caused by the impact of an asteroid (©) no individual dinosaurs. survived the’ Impact of the asteroid, it occurred (6) the extinctions took place over a longer time period than they would have if caused by the impact of an asteroid (@) other volcanic eruptions were not occuring atthe same time as those in the Decean region (i) Which one of the following, if true, most of strongly indicates that the asteroid-impact theory is at least incomplete, if not false? (@) Large concentrations of dinosaur nests with fossil eggs found in Alberta indicate that at least some species of dinosaurs congregated in large groups during some part of their lives (b) Dinosaur remains indicate that some species of dinosaur could have migrated in herds over wide ranges, s0 that they could have traveled to escape the local elfects of certain catastvophes (6) Legends trom many cultures, such as the Greek legend that Cadmus raised an army by sowing dragons’ teeth in the ground, show that various accident peoples worldwide were famiar wih the fossils of dinosaurs (6) The fossil record in Montano from below the layer of extraterestial dust shows a diminution over time in dinosaur species from 35 to 13, and dinosaur teeth found ‘above the dust layer show a diminution in species from 13 105 18, That long-term cigarette smoking can lead to health problems including cancer and lung disease is a scientifically well-established fact. Contrary to what ‘many people seem to believe, however, itis not necessary to deny this fact in order to reject the view that tobacco ‘companies should be held either morally or legally responsible for the poor health of smokers. After all, excessive consumption of candy undeniably leads to such health problems as tooth decay, but no one seriously believes that candy eaters who get cavities should be able to sue candy manufacturers. (i) The main point of the argument is that {Glo one shoul talk necessary to deny the sclenticaly Welestabished fact that long-erm cgerete 2mokng Canleas to heath problers (b) people who get cates should not be abe to eve candy manufacturers (©) the fact that smokers‘ heath protlems can be caused by their smoking fs not enough to justly holding tobacco ‘Companies other logaly of moval responsiie for hose pobems ° {@) excessive consumption of candy wil lead to health problems just as Surely as long-term cigarette smoking ‘at (Gi) The logic in the argument is most vulnerable to criticism on the grounds that it {@) fais to establish that the connection between tooth decay ‘and candy eating is as scientficaly well documented as that between smoking and the health problems suffered by smokers {() depends on the obviously false assumption that everyone ‘who gets caviles does so oniy as a result of eating too much candy (@) eaves undefined such citical qualifying terms as ‘excessive’ and fong-term’ (6) fails to address the strking ditferences in the nature of the threat to health posed by tooth decay on the one hand and cancer and lung disease on the other 19. Adults have the right to vote; so should adolescents. ‘Admittedly, adolescents and adults are not the same. But to the extent that adolescents and adults are different, adults cannot be expected to represent the interests of adolescents. If adults cannot represent the interests of adolescents, then only by giving adolescents the vote will. “these interests represented and the rights of adolescents can be saved. . @ The argument relies on which one of the following assumption? (@) The right to vote is a right that all human beings should have (©) Adolescents and adults differ in most respects that are important (©) Adolescents should have their interests represented {@) Anyone who has the right to vote has all the right an adult has Gi) The statement that adolescents and adults are not the same- plays which one of the following role in the argument? {a) It presents the conclusion of the argument (b) it makes a key word in the argument more precise (6) iilustrates a consequence of one of the claims that are sed to support the conclusion (@)It concedes a point that is then used to support the : conclusion 20. Household indebtedness, which some theorists regard as, causing recession, was high preceding the recent recession, but so was the value of assets owned by households. Admittedly, if most of the assets were owned by quite affluent households, and most of the debt was ‘owed by low-income households, high household debt levels could have been the cause’of the recession despite high asset values: low-income households might have decreased spending in order to pay off debts while the Compiled By Hemraj Scanned by CamScannerrere yOu quite affluent ones might simply have failed to increase spending. But, in fact, quite affluent people rust have {ed most of thehouschold debt, since money is ot lent fo thove without assets, Therefore, the real ca The argument is structured to lead t which one ofthe fllowing conclusions? ‘he recent Retna nouerots debt id rat cae 1) Lowcame eushotssucowecedin pying other dots Gespttne recent recession ng te (9 Avo poole pod ress Her sanded ree recon ocesson ae iterials that Production Manager The building materials that we produce meet industry safety codes but pose some safety isk. Since we have recently developed the technology to make a safer version of our product, we should stop producing our current product and sell only the safer tersion in order to protect publi safety. Sales Manager If we stop selling our current produ, ‘ve wil have no money to develop and promote the safe product. Weneed to continue to sell the lese-safe product inorder tobe in a postion to market the safer product successfully in fature {@ Which oe ofthe following principles, if established, ‘most helps to justify the production manager's conclusion? (a) Companies shouldbe requied to develop Sater products ‘ a such development can be funded from sales of existing roaus (©) That a product does not mest industry safety codes should be taken 22 sutistent nication fate product poses some saley risks (@) Companies should net sl a product that poses safety ‘ska hay ace Teehrogicaly eapabie of rocucng & Safer version ofthat product (@) Product safety codes should be reviewed whenever an industry replaces ono vorsion of @ product wth @ technologically more advanced version af hat product The sales manager counters the production ‘manager's argument by (@)poining out that one pat ofthe production manager's Proposal would have consequences tha! would prevent ‘Successful execution of another part (©) chakengng the production manager's authortyo dictate compary poly (©) questoning the product manager's assumption that a Sore eee ‘safe just because itis safer than nother product i (©) proposing a change inthe standards by which produet salety is judged 22+ Any person who drops out of college will be unemployed unless he or she finds a low-paying job or has relatives my business connections. (@ Which one of the following conclusions cannot be validly drawn from the statement above? 38 Judgement ot 0 foo a ee ta reerd a eee ee 19 Baye Seo ee hye neither 0 errr poson wo has te alojeg (0 Bey a re ee eet ‘ 1as relatives with good business: (0 oe se tse sa es jis employed and does not have a Gi iments’. ia is a college dropout snes ® Pia does not have relatives with good business pe tac dos rathave ay rabes (6) Piais a collage dropout anc we relatives with good (@) Pa nas complet cole and ts a oo fies rectors . ; : ontain 23. Aout ae ee public water spl are drawn from deep. aguilers, hin ae te ann fom 7 auera” aa difectant be Contamination ean ecu a real of flaws in bes of Sina ne? GF cme mnple tha all ped water from the same deep aquifer 70% chlorit aera SEE Og ae Sec tae water inal of the seach othe reponl government's sandans for cleanliness, yet the water supplied by the municipalities that did not chlorinated had less bacterial contamination than the water supplied by the municipalities that chlorine. @ Which one of the following can properly be concluded from the information given abuve? {2A muntpeliye iid Selscn wheter oF nett use Chowne Ne pasod one. amr ol baton SEnarinaion ie wate seas (a Wiser deep aaufre coos na ofan any bacteria ot ira (Where eccoasbo, oop aquifer aretha beat choice asa eee Ce ecieien ee taieta mune le capsioe (i) Which one of the following, if true, most helps explain. the difference in bacterial contamination in the two Groups of municipalities! (} Chon consdered by some expe tobe dangecus ‘ohuan heath, evenintnosmalgonoanierce eee munch wate soppies (0) When unica decide oto chitnte the we ‘supplies, itis usually because their citizens have voiced obeciors othe taste ana schol shen (©) The Seana that did not add chlorine to their water supplies aso dda add ary ofthe ober eae dliectaris hich ae more penser ee (@) Municipalties that do not chiorinate their water supplies are “subject to stricter regulation by the regional {government in regard to pipes and water tanks than are municipalities that use chlorine Scanned by CamScanneryoursmahboob.wordpress.com Judgement Naturally occurring chemicals cannot be newly patented 24. Mer the structure ‘have been publchod: Beles naturally occurring chemical compound can be used as 8 drug, however, it must be put through the same rigorous testing program as any synthetic compound, culminating in a published report detailing the chemical’s structure ifite aatements above are true, which If the statem: ve are true, which of the followi mua also betrae on the basgoftheme PHONE (@) Ary naturaly occuring’ chemical can be’ reproduced syineticaly once is stucture i known (0) Symheticaly produced chemical compounds cannot be patented unless ther chemical svuctures are made public (@ If proven no less etfectve, naturally occuring chemicals are to be preferred to synthetic compounds for use in chugs (@) Once a naturaly occurring compound has been approved for se asa drug, itcan no longer be newly patented 25, Most discussions of the factors contributing to. improvements in public health greatly underestimate the influence of the values held by individuals. ‘This influence is indicated by the fact that the astonishing decline in mortality from infectious disease during the past decade was primarily due to an improvement in living conditions. ‘To a substantial degree, these improvements depended on the emphasis ‘by an increasing share of the population on cleanliness, prudence and moderation. ‘The main point of the passage is made primarily by (a) analyzing ‘existing data on medical practices. and, health outcomes (b) presenting a set of related cause-and-effect assertions (©) apphing several general principles to a specific case {@) presenting a general observation and supporting it with several specific examples 26, Everything that a person does, which is dictated by reason of ignorance is not voluntary. Involuntary actions are those which produce pain and repentance in the end. In case a man has done something in his ignorance and he does not feel vexed due to his action, he has not acted voluntarily as he was not aware of what he was doing, nor ‘yet involuntarily since he is not pained and had no repent. ‘After reading this passage we can arrive at the conclusion that (@) a person is not a voluntary agent, if he acts by reason of ignorance and repents (©) if an action is done by reason of ignorance and is not Voluntary, then it was repented : (©) a man is-an involuntary agent, if he acts by reason of ‘ignorance , (@) some actions are ether involuntary or not voluntary, 1. Everything that God knows necessarily is, because even what we ourselves know necessarily is; and, of course, our knowledge is not as certain as God's knowledge is. But no future contingent thing necessarily is. Among the following statements, which naturally follows from the above? (@) There are no future contingent things (©) !tis not true that God has knowledge of only necessary things (©) God has knowledge of no contingent future things, (@) itis not possibte for us to know God 39 Directions (Passages 1-6) Read the following passages carefully and answer the questions that follow. Passage 1 “The nervous and respiratory systems are heavily decentralized in virtually all species of cockroach. Laboratory experiments hhave repeatedly demonstrated that cockroaches canbe decapitated chmpletely, yet continue to survive for up to several weeks before dying of lack of food or water. This demonstrates the relative superiority of cockroaches over virtually all other insect species, since hardly any other species has demonstrated such ability o survive after being introduced to extreme damage or environmental conditions. 28, The argument about cockroaches seeks to do which of the following? {@) Estabish @ conclusion about a group using facts known about a set of representative members ofthat group (©) Suppor the hypothesis that certain phenomena can oceur by describing a suitable mechanism (©) Conclude that members of dsparate groups share certain abiity because of other characteristics they share (@) Demonstrate that a general rule about a group or situation applies ina paricular case 29. Which of the following statements, iftrue, most seriously ‘weakens the cockroach argument? (@) Cociroaches aro found inthe widest environmental ranges of any insect species (0) The estimated cockroach population has inereased Which Hse H The last sentence clearly ment ly mentions that imprecise use of Januageis likely to make precise thoughts mene difcut. 45. All the tactors given in the Cen of Hins agua? GueBON ae the causes for be Scanned by CamScanneryoursmahboob.wordpress.com Decision Making Inthis chapter, ou are given a set of necessary qualifications required for certain vaconeite joblpromotioniacity, oe th the bio-dote of few candidates who have applied forthe same posts. You are required to match personal Gata of a person with the eligibility requirem ents of the joblpromotionifacility. ‘The idea behind inclusion of these questions in the competition is to test the candidate's ability to use data for decision making. iar is shorter than the re« Directions (Examples 1-4) Study the following information carefully and answer the questions given below. Fotlowing are the conditions for selecting senior Manager-General banking in a bank. ‘The candidate must (@ have secured atleast 60% marks in Std xm. Gi) have secured atleast 55% marks in graduation in any discipline. (i have secured atleast 60% marks in post-graduate degree/diploma_— in Management/Economics/Statistics. Gv) be atleast 25 yr and not be more than 35 yrason 1.3. 2011, (W) have post qualification work experience of at least 2 yr as General Banking Officer in a bank. (vi) have secured atleast 50% marks in written examination. (vii) have secured atleast 40% marks in Personal Interview. The case of a candidate, who satisfies all the above condition except + any elit of the candidate i not given then we conclude that data snot sufcent for selection of the candidate. r ‘quirement then we conclude that candidate is not Keep dx Mind lected. Solved Examples ‘A-at (i), but has secured atleast 60% marks in CA or IOWA, the case is to be referred to VP-Recruitments. B. at (vii), but have secured atleast 65% marks in the written examination and atleast 35% marks in personal interview, js to be referred to President-Recruitments. In each question below are given details of one candidate. You sted to take one of the follqwing courses of action based on the jaformation provided and the conditions and sub-conditions given above and mark the number of the course of action as your Siower. You are not to assume anything other than the information provided in each questions. All these cases are given to you as on 1.3.2011. Give Answer (2) ithe case sto be referred to VP-Recruitment (0) ithe case is to be referred to President Recruitment (6) the candidate isto be selected (q) Ifthe candidate ts not to be selected 1. Neeta Jaiswal was born on 2nd June, 1981. She has been working in aa bank as Generalist Officer for the past three years after completing her post-graduation degree in Economics with 60% marks. She has secured 68% marks in HSc and 58% marks in B.com. She has also secured 50% marks in both the written ‘examination and personal interview. 2. Arindam Ghose has been working in a bank as Generalist Officer for the past four years after completing his post-graduate diploma in Management with 60% marks. He has secured 50% marks in the Scanned by CamScanneryoursmahboob.wordpress.com 46 Deci written examination and 40% marks in the personal interview. He has also secured 70% marks in Std XI. He ‘was bom on 25th February, 1976, Keshav Vora was bom on sth November, 1979. He has Secured 65% marks in Std XIT and 60% marks in graduation. He has secured 58% marks in HA Economics, and 60% marks in ICWA. He has been working in bank as Generalist Officer for the past two years after completing his education. He has also secured 50% a of given below. Sol. (Examples 1-4) All the informations can be summarised in table of given bel Ss ion Making se ne i pot bm eae «mor bebo mis rescore camriies hin ncae te core iee fy Conditions fulfiied Name - : o a “Neeta v v v = v v v . v = ere are eee cle ale Keshav ee alee ; v [{- i Neha ame ae a cee 1. (c)Shetutts alte conditions so shes tobe selected. 2. (d) Due to-age issue, he cannot be selected, '3. (a) According to condition A, his case isto be reterreg to VP-Recrultment, 4. (b)Her case is tobe referred to President Recruitment, Practice Questions | Directions (Q. Nos. 1-5) Study. Following are the condit Officer in an organization. ‘The candidate must @ be atleast 21 41.11.2011. (ii) be a commerce gradi 55% aggregate marks, Gi) have work experience of atleast 2 jr in the Accounts Dep, itions for selecting Accounts YF and not more than 26 yr as on luate (B.Com) with atleast the following information carefully and answer the questions given below. Rot to assume anything other thai the information Provided in each question. All these ca you as on 1.11.2011 Give Answer i ses are given to | (a) I the caso is to be referred to GM-Accounts (0) the case is to be referred to VP-Accounts (6) ithe candidate is to be selected (4) Ifthe candidate is not to be selected \ artment of an organization Now, read the information provided in each questi | Go) Have secured atleast 50% marks inthe Selection mark your men ooing a cece i rocess 1. Umesh Choksi was b In the case of a candidate who fulfils all the conditi Pe aggregate ey November, 1989. He Bite all the conditions as scare os aggregate marks in B.Com and 66% ©) at @ above but atleast 21 yr old and not more in the Accounts Depart eee 229 has been working fat 28 y old and has work experience of 5 prog the past 3 Pastment ofan organization fr Accounts Assistant in an organization, hisvhos 2. Pratibha ha | Case isto be referred to GM-Accounts, + Pratibha Kale was born’on 6th June, 1988, She has | ©) at Gi) above, but has secured atleast 50% Secured 60%. aggregate marks. in B.Com and 49% | sprees marks in graduation and has secured moe the Selection Process. She has been works, least matks in the selection Syn ns Department ofan organizati his/her case is tobe referred te VP-Accounts ast 3 yr. aes Compiled By Hemraj Scanned by CamScanneryoursmahboob.wordpress.com Decision Making 47 ve tg, 4, Prabha Dixit was born on 18th April, 1985. She has Sy + fate gan Accnnts “Aatuant ian Sgt organization for the past 5 yr. She has secured 60% ax ‘aggregate marks in B.Com and 55% marks in the wa Section Process. . ‘5, Amul Verma has secured 50% aggregate marks in B.Com and 60% marks in the Selection Process. He has been working in the Accounts Department of an organization for past 4 yr. He was born on 2nd Senuary, 1987, Directions (Q.Nos. 69) Study the following jpformation carefully to,answer these questions Following are the conditions stipulated by XYZ Company for recruitment of Trainees Engineers. ‘The candidate must (j) be an engineering graduate with atleast 60% marks. (iy be not less than 21 yr and not more than 25 yr of age as on 1.05.2011 (ii) have passed the selection test with atleast 55% marks. (iv) be willing to pay a deposit of % 50000 to be” refunded on completion of training. However, ifa candidate fulfils all the above-mentioned criteria except ‘A. at (i), but has appeared to the last semester examination and has obtained an aggregate of minimum 65% marks in first seven semesters, his/her case may be referred to VP of the ‘company. ), but is willing to pay an amount atleast % 25000 and has obtained atleast 70% marks in engineering degree; his case may be referred to the General Manager of the company. In each of the following questions, details of a candidate are given as regards his/her candidature. You have to read the information provided and decide his/her status based on the conditions given above and the information provided. You are not to assume anything other than the information provided in each of the following questions. All these cases are given to ‘you as on 1.05.2011. Give Answer (@) If the case isto be referred to General Manager (b) If the case isto be referred to the VP (0) Ifthe data provided is not adequate to take a decision (0) Ifthe candidate is not to be selected 6. Sachin who has just completed 23 yr age passed out degree in Civil Engineering with 70% marks. He has cleared the selection test with 61% marks. He is willing to pay the amount of € 25000 only will not be able to pay % 50000. 7. Anjali is an IT engineer passed out in 2003 with 52% marks. After getting the engineering degree, Compiled By Hemraj 9. a ‘ ' ' Di tn mse nae eae we gee da oe tet Eg Geb tat er eu ese crower he Sy a we elon pa irections (Q.Nos. 10-14) Study the following information carefully and answer the questions given below. Fol lowing are the criteria for short-listing candidates for the interview for management trainees in an organisation. ‘The candidate must Case of a candida 1 1, not less than 2] yr and ‘more than 28 yr as.on Ist November, 2011 have secured atleast 60% marks in graduation. have secured atleast 65% marks in thé preliminary selection examinations, have secured atleast 55% marks in the final selection examinations. be ready to join work immediately after the interview. o Gi) Gi) iv) w) , who fulfils all other criteria except ‘A. at (iv), but has secured more than 75% marks in preliminary selection examination, his/her case is to be referred to Deputy General Manager. at (ii), but has secured atleast 65% marks in post graduation, his/her is to be referred to General Manager. of the questions given below, the information of, B. each each one of the candidate. You have to study the information provided with reference to the conditions given above and decide whether the candidate is to be call lled for an interview or some other course of action is to be taken. You are not to assume anything other than the information provided to you in each question. All these cases are given to you as on Ist November, 2011. No Ww, read the information provided in each question and dgcide the courses of actions with regard to each candidate and mark your answer as Give Answer {@) Ifthe candidate is to be called for an interview (0) the candidate will not be called for an interview (c) Ifthe data provided are not sufficient to take a decision (d) ithe case is to be relerred to Deputy General Manager Scanned by CamScannersecured 75% marks in the ‘id Wannaty selection examination, Sho was 2° {on Sth December, 2007 She has secured 68% and Sootaata inthe nal selstion examination and in graduation, respectively, She is ready to joi mediately after the Intrvow. se ta Yost hs secured 64% marks in Th (cin examination, Ho has cured 79% mars ScGvitgesduntion ard preliminary examination, He {Steady tain work imodately after the ntorviw. Hewes 29rd avon fh August, 2008, 12, Subhash Malhotra wa 28 yr ld as on Mh September, Site He has peated 76% marks each in graduation, preliinary election examination, His ready too tock immelately afer the interview. 18, Rahul Bewas was born on 2st January, 1984, He ready to join work immediately after the interview. He has accured 70% marks in all the graduation, preliminary and fina selection examination, ‘14. Sudha Nagpal has secured 75% and 65% marks in the graduation and preliminary selection examination, Sho is ready fo jon immeditely ater the interview She stood Sr the final selection examination, Sho vrs born on Bnd July 1988 Directions. (Q.Nos. 15-18) Study the following Information carefully and answer the questions given below Following ate the condtions for selecting Personnel Officer n'a organisation The candidate must () bea graduate with leat $59 marks, be a post graduate degree/dipioma holder in Management with Personnel/HRD __ specialisation with alleast 6086 marke (iy have secured atleast 60% marks in the seléction process, i) beatleast 25 yr and not more tha Beatleast 28 yr and not more than 30 old a on The case of a candidate, who satis concen ex J tisfies all the above 10, Neclam Srivastava has wut has secured atleast 65% in pos butgree/diploma, the case is to be foferred to DGM-Personnel. 2 Yea sation, ito be referred to GM-Personne} in each of the question given below, details of cach se of action f one of the following cour: for yo a red on the information provided ang tach candidate based on the information Prove and the conditions and sub-condtions gwen above 404 mark the number of het covthing other than the information are not to assume anythi aiaelgen a provided in each question. All these ca Bren you as.on 1.6.2010. Give Answer © a decision Ge cate provid i not adequate 0 ake 2 Ope ol () Ife case isto be rete 15. Sohan Das has secured 62% marks in Lee and 158% marks in the selection process. He was born on th October, 1981. He has also secured 68% marks in post graduate diploma in Management with Personnel specialisation. 16. Nikhil Goel was born on’&th July, 1983. He has been working in the personnel departrient of an ‘organization for the past four years. He has secured 60% marks in graduation and 65% marks in the selection process. He has recently enrolled in a post graduate degree programme in Personnel Manager. 17. Sudha Kulkarni was born on rd January, 1983. She has secured 62% marks in graduation. She has also Secured 6% marks in the selection process. She has completed post graduate diploma in Man with HRD specialisation, an 18. 8. Suboah Dhar has secured 62% marks in the selection Process and 65% marks in graduation. He was born.on Tam April, 1962. He has also secured 68% marke in Sraduate diploma in Personnel Management, et BA oy ae Ww : Bre 4 RO 30 we ee 69 we 6% oe) 18. 5 s 18. (b) " Ferre Compiled By Hemraj Scanned by CamScanneryoursmahboob.wordpress.com Hints and Solutions 1. (Q.Nos. 1-5) _Allthe informations can be summarised Sol. (Q.Nos, 10-14) All the ‘informations can be table of given below. ‘summarised as given in the table. ‘Name Conditions fulfilled Name ‘Conditions tufted _ 0 Le] @ | © | wm] ™ t aw A La tm t Blo imencrasip~ |—-lv}—|lv |” Neelam vivi-ly ly |-1% praiohakale | ¥ | —| v | —| v | x domoeota |v |v |—-l “i - |" | % ‘Arun Patil vj—-|vf-ajede ‘Subhash xiv i-lw lei 1% Prabha Dixit x v v - v v Rahul vivi-|~jy%~qr v amivera |v | —| x |v il |v Sudha viv tele bedele 1. Umesh Choksi fulfils all the conditions, so he is to be 10. Neelam Srivastava ‘satisfies all the criteria. Therefore, she selected. may be called for the interview. 2. Due to marks in selection process, Pratibha Kale isnottobe 11, John D'costa satisfied all the conditions but at D he satisfies selected. Condition |. So, his case is to be referred to the Deputy 4. Aun Pal iis al the conditions, so he isto be selected. 4 Aecording to condition (@), het caso is to be refered to GM-Accounts. 5, According to condition (0), his.case is to be refered to vp-Accounts,. Sol. (Q.Nos. 6-9) Allthe informations can be summarised asinthe given below. Name Conditions fulfilled ola | | w [wm [8 ‘Sachin v - v v - v Anjali x\-lvlyviule- Mohan Rao v - a v v - K Shiv Kumar v v v v = 6. His case will be referred to the General Manager of the company. . 1. Anjali fulfils all the criteria ‘except (i). Hence, she is not to be selected. 8. The data provided is not adequate to take a decision, 9. His case may be referred to the VP of the company. General Manager. Subhash Malhotra-coes not satisfy criteria A. Hence, he should not be called forthe interview. Rahul Biswas satisfies all the criteria, Hence, he should be called forthe Interview. Sudha, Nagpal, final selection marks are not mentioned in the given question. So, data provided is not sufficient to take a decision. Sol. (Q.Nos. 15-18) All the informations can be summarised as given in table. 12. 13. 14, Name Conditions fulfilled olw | s | @ta lm ‘Sohan Das v Nikhil Goel v\- v Sudha Kulkarni v|- v ‘Subodh Dhar v 15. His case is to be referred to DGM-Personnel. 1G. His case is to be referred to GM-Personnel. 11. Data provided are not adequate to take a decision. 18. Condition (i) violates, so he cannot be selected. Compiled By Hemraj Scanned by CamScanneryoursmahboob.wordpress.com In this topic mainly two fypes of questions are frequently asked, i.e, Mirror Image Reflection ofan object into the miror ie called its mirror image. Mirror image. is obtained by investing an object, laterally ie., towards the sides. Keep ue Mind Af the position of mirror isnot clear inthe question, then use the mirror atthe right sight of an obeet. | ln the mirror image of an object lower and upper | pts remain constant ‘while’ LHS and. RHS" get | interchanged, bh dt Variabe us Rs Constant ve SE own, art and right part becomes the left part, tn mirror image left part of an object becomes right ) eft hand side === Right hand side Fx 1 Which of the following answer fi ‘mirror image of question figure? Question Figure Answer Figures (a) (o) (c) fol. (4) Answer gure (a) is the exact mirorimage of Question igure would be the exact Visual Memory ‘mirror imoge and water image. x. 2 Which of the following is the correct mirror image of siven word? “ARIHANT (@) THAHHA (0) TAHIRA {@)TARHAN (6) TRHANA I. (a) Required miror mage, Paeaneees svar vier Water Image . The reflection of an object into the water is called the water image of an object. It is obtained by investing the object vertically. Keep a Mind tn water image LHS and RHS remain constant while Hepes and lower parts of the object get interchanged. : SRS Constant Wis SSE rs Lrater image. top part of an object becomes bottom and bottom part becomes top of they object. Top fo Bottom Compiled By Hemraj Scanned by CamScanneryoursmakbeobewosdpress.com Bx3 Which of the following would be the exact water image of | Ex.4 Which of the following is the water image of the word? the given figure? ermearal = (@) 30vauns (ey smsavce (e) amaevoe. (anwevce Sol. (6) Required wator image. @ oy @ @ eaiate So, (Fiore (6 to cotoct water mage ot tho gen en oneivicie Cémmit to Memory Micror image of alphabets a “ # Water image of alphabets and numbers mbers Digits [1/2/1314] 5[6][7] 8] 9] 10] Digits | 1] 2/3] 4[5]6]7| 8] 9110] ins inoge [t [s[e[*[elalv lel efor epost ats {atele[e[s|e| lio {apnaverd AT@[CTOTE|F[G]H] 1] s][Klum [Abate] AT] C[o[elF/c[H] t[s[ ki LM [ines 42 {ofajafalolu|rlelalajm Foue |v [efclolelelfe|a| salle [wi [Apnaned NLOLPLolAls|T lu viw]x|¥]z [Aonaesl wfolP [ale s|Tiul viw|x| vz ara tes [u[ols]olale [tu] vlwixlvis [Pees fofe|o[wle|s[afalm[xlals: Letters, A,H.1,M.©, U.V.W, Xand ¥ remains unchangein Letters, C, D, E, H, I, K, © and X remains unchange in water image. miiror.image. Practice Questions Directions (Q.Nos. 1-15) In each of the following questions, choose the correct mirror image from alternatives (a), (b), (e) and (d), of the figure (A): * Question Figure Answer Figures — Question Figure Answer Figures 1 5. = ——— — | = S| = =|> } — = @ a o © © @ ® ®» © © 2 7 6 Yop ease ~ of |- _ofo_-| of oJ | ADe| |Ageleoalacel oe @ a o © © ® @ © © © 3. Lz] = o of g [a }> bs yy iW (* a oo oO @ ry @ © 4. 8 ; 6 ; 74 4, 4 $ e a) € at clu ‘In ‘ja @ o oO © © @ o © © @ Las ¥¥ YFVUU TE SW We he Compiled By Hemraj Scanned by CamScannerob. wordpress.com we 52 Visual Memory Question Figure Answer Figures 17. Question Figure . 4[y[A|¥ b> a ® oo © aval Sab » 10. QZINIS |S 18. Question Figure () @ o) @ @ a 2. 86 [ee | de [P | (A) a @ 2 Answer Figures | ‘] SSE 1763) (bE) XNA — A (@) ©) A wi ° as | aa i = @ @ @ (omae| 5 Directions (QNos. 19-25) In each of the following | ® } questions. Questions figure is followed by four othe, @ o) figures (a), (b), (c) and (d). Showing the possible water a {mages of question figure. Choose the correct water image S| ) eS) of the question figure out of given four alternatives. A J Question Figure " Answer Figures a ® © a @ 19. 7 a @ Directions (Q.Nos. 16-18) In-each of the folk questions, « igure marked (A) is followed by fone ‘gure (2), ©), c) and (@) which show the possible water tmages of (A), Choose one out ofthese four figures which shows ‘the correct water image of the figure (A) in each case, 16. Question Figure Compiled By Hemraj Scanned by CamScanner= yoursmahboob.wordpress.com Visual Memory 53 Question Figure Answer Figures * PSPs] LS] PS) PR a 2 8G we "Xx EX RL KX XX eo ®@ ©» © @ 35, BENEDICTION (@) NOMTCIDENES (@wororaa3e (b) NEBEDICTION (@) NOIBENEDICT Directions (Q.Nos. 36-45) In each of the following questions, @ word is followed by four alternatives (a), (), () and (€), showing possible water images of that word. ‘One out of these alternatives show the exact water image of that word. Choose the alternative which shows the correet water image of that word. Directions (Q.Nos. 26-35) In each of the following 36. CORDIAL question four alternatives are given. You have to select one (a) LAIDROC (o) TiauoC: Alternative which exactly matches with the (©) Couowr (@ ‘wiawoo. of the word in questions. ‘37, PRECARIOUS 26, NIRMALA (3) HECWBIONG- (b) PBECABIONG (a) ALAMRIN (0) AJAMRIN (2) SUORECARIP- (¢) GUOIRADSAT {NRLAMA () INRMALA, eAteeCaREE Ot 27, VINAYAKA (@) SNPERELONS (bo) sNOTswadNS (a) INVAYAKA (e) AKAYANIV (@ 2uneneione (@entewerone fo awanv (oy NIYABKA, Seveaune 28, OBSTINATE (a) OWIOd (b) POLAWIC (@) STANTT280 (eaosTNATE = (© borewie (@ coremio {9 ETANTSSO (@ SOBTNATE faces 29, PROCRASTINATE (@) DNUCEF (©) kECHVO (@) ETANITSARCORP (0) STANIT2AROORS _ (annoa (6) DNUOSF {c) RPORCASTNITAE (d) ETPROCRASTINA 41, RADIANT (b) SUOIRACERP (a) TADIANR: {b) TAGIAR, ) e {(c) SUOPRECARI (d) SPRECARIOU eeeeme se eeee , 42, MUNDANE 31. PERFECTION ' (@) EUNDANM (o) EUVDANM (@)NOMCEFERP (0) RPEFECTION (© worosA39 (6) ERPFECTION (c) WADE (@ aNVONN 43. OBLITERATE am emma (oy FaTasay (@) OBTLEHVLE (b) STAWSTILGO er {OFANTSAY (@ oa WTaEWLE (@) OBIITEBATE 44, SARCASM 33. INDULGENCE fe) evucaen (b) evuovsns (@) ECNEGLUDNI (©) DNIULGENCE (©) WSAOEAS: (@ evucven, (c) ECNINDULGE (o) 30u30JUAMI . 45, DETERRENT ee ara (@) INSBUELEG (b) DELEWHEML (c) TRADIAN (@) TANRAD (©) GELEWYENL (¢) CETERREMT Answers L@ 2. (d) 3. (b) 4. (a) 5. (c) 6. (b) 7. (a) 8. (a) 9. () 10. (a) © 12 1B, @) 1G) 15) 16.) 1, 1B) 18. 20. 21. () 22. (a) 23. (b) «24. Cb) 25.) 32, (2) 33. (@) 34, (b) 35, CC) 41.) 42. (©) «43. (a) 44, d) 45.) 31. (@) 26. (bd) 27. () «28, (a) 29. (b) 30. fa) 36. (c) 37. (a) «3B. (@) 39. (e) 40. (HY Compiled By Hemraj Scanned by CamScanneryoursmahboob.wordpress.com 10 Discrimination ono a valuable term which is There capes snore rte Decimal tr hh op ue of ocorance of foes as ond formatontwonghs. Kole depicts cet characte stings plenty of occurrence of figures di. : tn the bo of ebucrcton nearer ds tion can be understand throngh two types, ic, ‘ Concept of discrimination ea 1. Counting the Namber of Pygures 2, Formation of Figures rs ‘igures inting the Number of Fi eee Hons, the candidates are required to of geometrical figures from a given, onuples figure. The candidates are required to count the her ot Innes, triangles, squares, rectangles, Ex. 2 Count the number of rectangles, in the following figure, In thus type ot Uelogtams, pentagons hexagons ete (6 7 For the sake of convemence, first name the vertices of Sol. c) Label athe the figures and count ‘A Fx 1 Count the number of triangles in the following figure. nas ee gar (18 7 Sol. (c) aoe ano wrtces of tne Quen igure c E Te For convenience, count the simplest rectangles = ABU, WHG, KLGF, DEFL, BKOC =5 Now. rectangles compased of two rectangles = ABGH, KDEG =2 Now, tectangle composed of alltectangles = ACEH * Tolal number of rectangtes =5+2+1=8 8 D AO 6 Cae Catimesmolevargeswncnaearc, Formation of Figures AO 6SF CGF Gee BED aD Forming a design by fitting all the elements of questice : + EWG «8 figure is known as formation of figures.’ Questions based ae” OSES compnsog to smal uanges when — this concept are divided in wo Parts i.e,, questios ABC ACG C68 8G ana GE 5 figure and answer figure. Question figure has more that E61, Count anges compnsng thee sma tangles which Dt ‘ae BCD. CEB EDC ang E one designs which is followed by four answer figures having all the designs of question figure. Candidates att Fequired to select the alternate which represents tht combination of question figure Compiled By Hemraj Scanned by CamScanneryoursmahboob.wordpress.com Discrimination 55 sb. 4 Which of the following answer figure has all the elements Ex. 4 Identify the response figure from which the question of question figure? figure's pieces have been cut. : Question Figure Answer Figures BIRLA wlelgia Sol. (a) ° ° Sol. (d) ms PS [es aS _ PES] — |B fae cama seater veto ‘Answer figure (a) has al the elements of question figure. Practice Questions What is the number of straight lines in the 5. How many triangles are there in the following following figure? figure? @u 14 @16 17 (18 ) 16 (22 (6) 26 2. How many parallelograms are there in the figure 6. How many squares are there in the following figure? given below? (a) 24 (b) 25 (0) 26 27 (ats © 15 (18 16 3. How many triangles are there in the following 7. How many squares are there in the following figure? figure? . (a) 13, (b) 14 (15 (¢) 16 (27 (©) 23 (0) 21 (0) 25 8. How many squares are there in the following 4.How many triangles are there in the following figure? figure? IZ (a) 12 b) 14 @s @e 15 g 13 7 @8 rr ; Compiled By Hemraj ° Scanned by CamScanner9. How many squares are there in the following 56 Discrimination ere in-the Follow 15. How many rectangles are th ng a figure? : igure? (0) 25 16 (oe 2 Bs oe Nowi oa triangles are there in the following in the following many triangles (0. How many triangles are there in th ras pe Figure? ©) 10 6 ore 29 (0) 23 we, in the tos Onn dangles are there in the following IL. BS a triangles are there in the following 17, How many triangles are “figure? figu PN WA) a (@) 20 . oe (2 (32 2 n 42. How many triangles are there in the following 2 figure? 418. How many squares are there in the given figures? (10 14 12 on 18. How many triangles are there in the following ae © 13 figure? 1 @14 19.How many squares are there in the following figure? (a) 22 (920 "14. How many triangles are thore in the foliowing l re? figure fa) 16 () 17 (0) 26 (@) 30 20. How many triangles are these il ona sles are there in the following (@) 10 (13 Os (16 (0) 16 M5 @9 at oO Scanned by CamScannerDiscrimination oursmahboob. word ress.com lo, i Directions in the figioee aan of the oan ‘questions, select the figure from a set of answer figures that can be eee een aes eee 21. 31. | [olalalr mR _‘Wwileleigis). “sR GE a2. [— 7 * naa AWN “Teép] FALSE @ oy © @ j@ ©) (e) @ 3. 4 : 33. eT 7 * B24] KOBE S| | SAIS ER ONS (a) () @) (0) © (@) 24. [ 34. aoe 9) (Pa ‘AVI A) GK @ (b) © @ @ P) © @ 25. ai 35. [Ae | BRIE 3} [=[e [ela a @) eo 0 @ we i) w w + 36. 26. [ S ikea a f IN Y @ (b) © @ @ (b) © @® aw 37. [eo zy it] MAAN at |lis\iie|he| a= a oF, © @ ae rol ible "A leave GY w © o 39. MAIN “ii Aole(e| ‘Compiled By Hemraj Scanned by CamScannerAnswers G 7. ter dS og2 28 28 28088 28 fe Bs ao 24 3) 380) (a eee eee see 28 1. The figure has been labélled as shown in the folowing figure Aleks ) F 1 crete tis clear from the figure that te straight lines inthe figure ara as follows () Straight ines from the outer square AB, BC, CD, AD-4 (@ Straight tines in the diagonals AC, 80-2 (i) Other straight lines inside the square EG, FH, EF, FG, GH, EH, WU, KL-B, Thetelor, total numberof straight ines is 14 2. The figure in questonhas been labelled at diferent points as shown in the folowing figure AG i.e a Saige From the above diagram paralelograms are as follows () Parallelograms trom the outer figure ‘ABCD, AlJD, GBCH-3 @ Paralelograms trom tne upper hat of the figure AGKE, GILK, IBFL, ALE, GEFK, ABFE-6 (i) Paralletograms from the lower half ofthe figure EKHD. KLIH, LECJ, KFCH, ELID, EFCD-6 ‘Theretore there are a total o! fiteen parallelograms in the figure, ‘8. The figure in question may be marked at different points {as shown in the folowing figure The tangles areas follows ABC. AFC, FBC, GHI, GKi, KHI, FED, FEI, FDI, FMN, FMK, FKN, POC, PIC, IOC. Al EMF LF, GOM, NHR, JDQ. EPL. Therefore, there are twenty one tangles in te figure Compiled By Hemra} ‘ ' ' r ‘ Hints and Solutions * 4, The figue in question has been labelled as Shown in thy fog hare a ea : & ' ‘D c The tangles areas fofows Tio EA, EDP, ABD, AGD, PHD, AGB, GBF, GH, BOC, A rs cece ae a oil of fouten angles in th ure tho gue quelon ay be abel 2 shown 0 hong ' ‘ 15. 1 fgue ' ' : ‘ a f ‘ ¥ The triangles are as follows ABC, AEF, APQ, EPR, FSQ, PRD, RSD, SQD, PSD, ROD, PRD, ¢ QDC, POD, EFD, FOO and EDP. Hence, these are a total of sixteen triangles in the figure. {_8. There are five squares in the upper row of the main figure namely \AEQM, EGRQ, GISR, IKTS, KBNT. i ALE 1 B ¥ : Me sr o_o xP oUF WH Se ' | fe ere are fiteen squares, tive in each row of the man figure Similarly, there are total eight squares four in each bigo? + fowof the main figure. And finally there are three squares (499. EKLF and GBCH) from the main figure. suas Hence, there area total of twenty six squares in the figure 7. The fi i belo e® ® auestion may be labelled as shown in the figu? Scanned by CamScannerDiscrimination 14s clear that ther are tive squaros trom the outer most square ABCD. AGOE, GBFO, EOHD and OFC, ‘Srway. there aro total ten squares. five each from the ‘madi and the mnermost square. Henea, there are a total Of titoen squares inthe fgura 8, The figure in question has been marked as shown in the tgue CClenty, there are total nine squares in the figure, namely as ASCO. AGSE, GBFS. USN, UHMS, OTSR, TPVS, HK and ort A s 8 ly rr of tr s ® o Ic 9, There are a total of nineteen squares in the figure, which have ‘been marked as shown in the following figure. Cay A_er co 1 s Fs ouvWw te There are treo squares in the upper tow EFI, FG and au) Ther are five squares inthe migdle row TORS, QHPR, HIOP, ENO ang JOM Fe There are three squares in the lower row SRUD, ‘RPV, POW. ‘There are a total of six squares three in each of the two tectanges ABMS, TLCD, AEPS, EGNP,FBMO, THVD, MU, wu Theto are two squares in the main rectangle ABCO- AFWD, eBcv. Hence, there are a total of nineteen squares in the main fgue 10, The igure may be labelled as shown in the folowing figure Fo 8 <} Ic ik ot N aC ) !t1s clear from the figure that there are fourteen triangles in the upper half of the figure ABGE-EU), EFM, AFE, HFl, FOP.OBP, PEG, PGO, PMO, PFM, FEM, BMG, FMG, FBG and FEG There are four rangies in the lower half ofthe figure EGCD-EMO, JMK, OKL and DMN. There are two triangles in the main figure ABCD-DBC, ADB. Hence, there are a total of twenty one triangles in the figure. 59 111, The figura in tho quostion may be labelled as shown below ‘There are nine tangles in the upper hallo A_G_B ine foe ABEF-AE. AIG, AEC. GEO, GB. TS7INZ| Dh). BFL. GBF, GOF and GEF d Simla, ner ereine wangesintolower “PS 1 x? half gure EFCD. DUA Thete are two more triangles EGHand GH. BH Hence, there ara a total of twenty triangles, 112. The figuee, in question, may be labelled as shown in following figure A yoe e F pZy ly ' 92 t There are twelve triangles in the figure, namely EOG, AGK, KOR, KGT, TUP, RUS, SPV, SUW, WNO, VNH, HQ and HNC. 13. From the figure itis clear, that there are nine triangles in the Upper hall of the figure ABFE, namely PEM, PGI, AEI, EIN, IKQ, QOF, IBF. INF and iEF, Likewise, there are nine triangles, in the lower half EFCD of the main igure. AG 8 a KEE oH Ste ‘There are four more tangles EPR, ElJ, IF and OFS. Hence, there are a total of twenty two triangles in the figure. 14. A 1G HB lp lo e all 0 J_« itis clear fom the figure that there are a total often triangles in the figure, namely AID, IGP, PEM, MOK, PJK, MTK, OTK, BIF, KHB and BKC. 15. The figure in question may be labelled as shown in the following figure oF HC There are a total of twenty seven rectangles in the figure, namely ABKI, EGJK, AGI, IKOL, KJMO, UML, LORP, OMQR, LMQP, PRFD, ROHF, PHD-12 ‘AGML, EBNO, ABNL, JQP, LMHD, ONCF, LNCB-7 Compiled By Hemraj Scanned by CamScanneryoursmahboob.wordpress.com 60 Discrimination PRE, IKFD, AEFD, ERQG, KFHJ, EFHG, GBCH-7 and there fs one more rectangle ABCD. Hence, there are a total of ‘twenty seven rectangles, 116. Naming the figure, A EES c ‘ADE. BOE, BEF, CEF, ACE, ABE, ABF, AIF, DBC, BCE, ABC, Clearly, there are 12 triangles in the figure. 17. Naming the figure, Name of the triangles in the figure are ‘APF. AQP, ABQ. AQF, ABF, ABP, EDT, TU, DUC, DEU, DEC, DTC, FPR, EFR, ERT, EFP, EFT, 0S, BCS, SUC, BCU, BCO, AEC, BDF, AEF, ‘ABC,DEF.BCD,ABS,AFR, RED,DSC. Hence, there are 32triangles inthe figure. 18, Naming the figure, 19. Naming the figure, Compiled By Hemraj Name of the squares are ah, SKU, DEF, ‘ABOP, BCQO, OOMN, CDRQ. QASM, MSKL, Rr ‘SGHK, KHIU, BOSN, CEGM, DFSQ, QFHL. Ss. Hence, there are 14 squares in the figure. Eros lo la Js |, fo lv |, wx ly |, NI o c ‘There are 16 squares which are equal parts of big square ‘ABCD and the other squares are, ‘AFUO, FUIB, OULD, ULCI, PRXN, RXJH, QSYW, TVKM, TVGE, AGYN, EBJW, PSKD, QHCM. Hence, there are do squares inthis figure. 20," Naming the figure, Cn) ‘There are 15 triangles in the figure, viz. AOF, AOE, FOB, EOC, BOD, DOC, AOB, AOC, BOC, ADB, ADC, ABC, ABE, ACF, BCF. Scanned by CamScanneryoursmahboob.wordpress.com : il . Observation A sharp and practical observation is required to get through the complicated matter, Such specific skills are quite ‘handy to jump to the conclusions accordingly Such type of questions are conducted in order to unearth the candidates attributes of psychology i.e., perception, cognition and behaviour. In such questions candidate give their spontaneous reaction for a given particular situation cond this spontaniety reveals the overall personality of te candidate, No special intelligence and knowledge is required for solving such situations. The issue of observation in bureaucracy has received much attention in recent years for a variety of reasons like mounting Public scorn regarding administrative behaviour and internal personal work values conflict. Ethical issues are even present in uncertain conditions where multiple shareholder, interests and values are in conflict and laws are unclear. Bureaucrats engage in discretion any decision making behaviour affecting the lives and well being of others. Their decisions and acts can produce tremendous social consequences, particularly in the realms of health, safety and welfare of society. The role of bureaucrats have changed from strict regulator to strategic facilitator due to society. the role of bureaucrats have changed from strict regulator to a strategic facilitator due to technology adoption in governance and changing face of democracy in India. In various situations where different views and interests of different people are involved, quality of facilitation can work effectively. Perception, Intellection, reaching to any conclusion. So itis imperative to take Emotion and Volition (PIEV) ae ; : 3. Emotion Time It is the time elapsed during Concept emotional sensation and disturbances such as fear, According to this theory the total reaction time of an anger or any other emotional feeling such as individual is split into four parts. superstition etc with inference to the situation. Here, 1. Perception Time It is time required to asa civil servant, you have to minimize this but at the perceive the situation and this comes by same time you should not act against the common aptitude and experiences gathered so far. As a believes of locals ic., should not act against the civil servant you have to react spontaneously in Sentiments of Common people. most of the situation. Here, the clue is, don’t 4. Volition Time It is time taken for the final action. react with a pré- conceived notion. 2 Intellection Time’ It is the time required for Officer-Like Qualities understanding the situation, It is also the time pFcertike Qualities can be described required for'comparing the different thoughts and negotiating new ideas. Every situation is Planning and Organising Specific and you have to act accordingly. Here" "‘perective Intelligence Effective intelligence shows the clue is listening to the people, subordinates, the ability ofa porson to solve practical problems, specialists etc before reaching to a particular. bility on to 0 : si i ; is acquired by experience and is decision. You have to act like a generalist and Effective intelligence is acq yy expe spontanieous. maximum focus should be on facilitating the . e Consider a person who is courageous, he gets things. Suppose in a particular situation, you a > is § need to take advice of 8 doctor/engineer before entangled in’a problematic situation then definitely ee ae ed Loe er Compiled By Hemra} Scanned by CamScanner62 Observation he will respond to it intelligently and his effective {intelligence will make him stand upright and firm to face the problem with courage. This is effective intelligence. Effective intelligence can be both in theoretical and practical terms. 2, Reasoning Ability Actions done by a person must have a definite reason for it. Without a proper reason, the purpose of the action is not fulfilled and the action is considered to be meaningless. 3. Organising Ability Organising ability refers to the ability of a person to organise or manage @ particular event or task in a given time constraint with the available resources to the maximum probability of a successful result. 4. Power of Expression Power of expression is the ability to express accurately, concisely and clearly. Power of expression is an essential quality that is required to excel in a particular field. Without the power of expression, the way to achieve success in any field is not possible. Power of expression is a tool for mobilizing one's personality trait. So expressing briefly and that too with clarity is important. Social Adjustment 1. Bthics and Integrity High standard of ethics and integrity are important in administration. Usually in a government project, a large sum of money is being invested. So, the proper use of money inan effective manner for the successfull completion of the project, yielding -good return to the society and the government is necessary for sustainable development. Officers should use the canons of + financial propriety. 2. Social Adaptability Social Adaptability shows how well a person is connected with family, friends and society. It also deals with how well a person is able to manage different situations so as to keep the surroundings and other persons stable, For example, -ifa person has gone to a new place, then the social adaptability is his ability to accommodate himself easily and quickly to the conditions of the new place. 3. Cooperation Cooperation is the spirit of a person to help or assist others so as to create a bewitching environment. One should believe in Give-&-Take and this also holds true for the law of nature. Team work can be successful only with cooperation, 4. Selfdrive Administration involves long working hours, extensive travelling and frequent family relocation. Conflict resolution and problem solving add more stress to the job: A person having strong personal drive to excel in it, will be successful in the bureaucracy. ee slow the rules and regulations of the nation as it ee le, One should not obey the traffic rules ‘a sense of duty of a good citizen. Social Effectiveness rst step in a new direction, jercent to it and sustaining reveals high degree of initiative Taking fi % Talay your handed that effort till Tast, initiative. r Example You are sitting with a group of People ont particular task is presented in rom vreweryone inorder to seek the leaders for the Same. ‘Then you must show initiative to take the Challenge and that to with great enthusiasm. 2, Self Confidence Self Confidence is the faith of a mn upon himself and in his abilities. seit Tonfidence is reflected by the: way of walking, talking and expressing. A strong body language, loud -& clear voice and a good expressive personality exhibits a great self confidence. 3. Speed of Decision Many a time we come across a situation when we have to take a right decision in fraction of seconds. A quick and right decision making process shows dynamism and clarity of practical and theoretical concepts. So a person must have a good decision making process $0 as to excel in any field of life. One must have good physical & mental reflexes, so that the moment the stimulus is there one’s reflexes must respond toit, 4, Ability to Inifluence a Group Ability to influence a group is the one’s ability to: mobilize and leave a positive impact on others by stamping their mind with one’s own intelligence, performance, behavior and vibrant personality To have the ability of influencing a group, one should have believe in. oneself and believe in that Particular thing which one is trying to do. This means that power of expression is a major factor which contributes towards ability to influence a group. Liveliness Liveliness is a very major factor in determining the success, as it can turn most of the negative situation into your favour. One should always be energetic, optimistic and active. Always be cool and calm in adverse situation, INC IU) 44 4 go Compiled By Hemraj Scanned by CamScannerp=-———yoursmatiboob. wordpress.com Observation 63 Dynamism 1. Mult-disciptinary Capability oicers win expaience axoss | sever decipines are best suited for tho Jou, Wate other Stould troaden his krowedge of esononile ssee es scoby, human psychology. Procurement and of aft ai! Somnizration : 2, Determination its one of he key factors fr screwing you goal ite nthe oumey to success mary aiisas ue ana oot nate | Gf Pures in our path. 60 in onder to oversona sor hed Gaterminaicn proves tne power fo ssa ou oot eo poner lacs al of ther wih courage: Succees has no shone ewe tho need of Gaormisaton’ ee eagene 3. Courage Courage isthe abity to take caeuated and tak witout any fear of is cores ws puepove | s consequences. Courage 1 not the | engin to cary on; rater its canng on when you cen vet j 4 Leadership tis an area that touches on most ofthe other humat foctrs areas in administration. Tho coven arees on whch loaders | tocuses are peor ski confc-esoluton sl information processing | ‘tal, skills in unstructured decision making, resource allocation, enrepreneurial skis and skils of intospecion, 5, Stamina Stamina is the ably o sustain prolonged stresstul effort In indian Administrative services, one has to show his encurance a. | physical and mental Stamina’ at eacn step. How you tart | Important, but is how you fish that counts: In te race fe 4 success, speed is less important than stamina, i 6, Motivation Skills Efecive leadership in administration is founded | fn having a fuly motivated supervisory staff end labour ‘oro Success in these! areas will ensure a safer. more productve. and | soothe. running job which ulimately helps in achievng th ; Techniques of Observation + Consider yourself as a civil servant while reacting on a particular situation. + Consider canons of financial propriety while dealing with questions related to expenditure, procurement etc. As India is a country of limited resources so officers must take care of it. Canons of Financial Propriety In the exercise of their financial powers the sanctioning authorities must pay due regards to the following principles. (® The expenditure should not prima facie be more the occasion demands and that every government servant should exercise the same vigilance in respect of expenditure incurred from public money as person of ordinary prudence would exercise in Tespect of the expenditure of his own money. Gi) No authority should exercise its power of sanctioning expenditure to pass an order which will directly or indirectly be its own advantage. ii) Public money should not be utilized for the benefits of a particular person or section of the community unless (a) the expenditure is in pursuance of a recognized policy or custom or (b) the “amount of _ expenditure insignificant or A (© claim to the amount could be enforced in a court, of law. * Asa civil servant, you Should treat every person equal before law i.e, you must not get carried away by the Status of any individual. ° involved is + As a civil servant, while floating any tender you should consider the following points. @ You should always float the open tender to yomote. transparency. competition a Feasonable price, Open tender means inviting tveryone” having Pdesired experience tO articipate. This is generally done to promote Competition in’ the market aswell” as for You should oat the limited tender only in rare fi) You should float the limited tender only in © es where itis required for the bench of the society or government of India ie, for procurement of safety items. A limited tender should be floated after approval of the concerned authority. Yoli should consider the cartel formation or cartelization. Cartel formations are usually done by a number of companies that trade the same product and wish to keep the price of the product at a stand still or at higher price to avoid competition in the market between each other. +A civil servant should have good interpersonal skills, Decision making is the intrapersonal skills and it is based on perception, intellection, emotion and volition. Inter personal skills are effective and coordinated ways of delivering the intrapersonal skills, Improvement of interpersonal skills is an instant process that keeps going. A civil servant must be able to express his feelings and thoughts to the seniors as well as juniors for effective administration. Imitiate your thought process as how ordinary person -of common prudence would pectin that Particular situation and then focus on solving the problem with all your skills as a civil servant. ivil servant must understand the consequences of the action he will opt for and whether the action taken by him is fair in his capacity. He should be able to justify his action on a particular matter in front of higher authorities and media persons. So while solving questions, you must give thought on. it, + While solving questions, you should be able to differentiate between the immediate action ant the best action. Many a time, immediate action is different from the best action. If nothing is mentioned in the question, you should go for immediate action in the case of emergency or calamities, or accidents and it-the matter is not so urgent or time is available then you should go for permanent solution or best solution. You should treat yourself like a generalist rather then a specialist. You should always refer the matter to the concerned specialist and after receiving the consent you should decide on that matter. + You should listen to the complaints carefully even if you are engaged with some other activities. +A civil servant must have both leadership and managerial qualities. Compiled By Hemraj Scanned by CamScanneryoursmahiboob-worupress-conr “=== 64 Observation *s changing face of governance in India, + Acivil servant must be a good facilitator. This is utmost required for today's changing face of governamice in India You have to actin situations, involving various groups of people having different interests, expertise et So your role is to facilitate the things” You have bunch of specialists and useful resources, ¥ the most of it, es ¢ While attempting these questions, mark the first postive thought that comes to yours m + Do not challenge the situation given in question but accept it and react Solved Examples i officer during surprise 1, Two doctors were caught diinking alcohol during tunch time in a hospital by district health a inspection. Consider yourself as district heatth officer, you witl (a) warn both the doctors but will not take any action as they were not on duty Shen merce ystockape pn fodecunaherth acer contrtn t tne a aew he ooo ccpe unser th ey wang (9 ined con go dace ny ae pring ated foe he opal aT ts dking inhoxpta fr them aswel eo oes stadmintation (medal take action gat oth docters nd ala take neces acon agains the hospital a i star arten Sol) Sct shoud not ar hola hospitals event oy are not proxring any racial cy at wl ale! We Wok an scree patents Socom stmt. Goon) loner ageven inners occeaor the time eco sous be punished forth oc Optons() and (6) appear rah Aston (6) mare Suitable as Fecal sarintaon 80, are). . 2. You are working 25 Divisional Materat Manager in a division of Indian Railways. There is sudden demand of some safe it it ice. After opening the tender, you find items due to a major accident, You have floated a limited tender with short notice. At ae that all the ghoted pres of four received bids are same and Your mes the last purchased rate of those safety items, What would you do? (a) Accepr te ofer and piace order to alfour bidders onefourth of the quantity (0) Refer the matter to higher authority (6) Flat the open tender in place of ted tender (6) Refioat te tried tender with very short notice Sol, (a) As all the offers have same price so it may be the case of cartel formation and also the quoted prices are four times the last purchased rte. As the tems are'sael items so you wil not go for open tenders. Considering the canons of financial propriety and cari ZPimaton.the best options tocancel tho prevous ocder and eal helmed tender with very shor notice, I same price fs quoted aga £8 imperative fr you to accept tho lowest price. In case of emergency and in normal circumstances, refer the mat and wait fr ter approval So. answer's), ght by a district health officer for selling the expired medicine. He used to put a sticker with new date they 3. A chemist mas cau on already written manufactured date. In the mean time the case comes to the knowledge of general public and Sarg gathering. The crowd started showing the sign of going violent. Consider yourself as district health offices whet would you de? (9 omedte cathe ples nat he sane ne to conte mab ato awn and ) Sete cne soe nd ray aunt tho et nocet prop yovd reefer th the ob ex (©) Alow the chemist to escape so that he can save his Ifefom the ng nee a (9 Cate pace utah sane nel tee ith he mb acon as vl enanger youre ako Sol. (a) As a responsible ofticer, you should not allow ‘Mob to take law in hand and at the same ; mrinhand and atthe sro time, you wl Nave cron naa Fal Hyena i 6 ey ears cr, you sald nao Pad oe a ee ons ‘esponstity le; you shoud rt alow peopl oaks aw hha Sansa op i eames iter to higher author is passing above the park. What would you do? (a are te teens and tae necessaty action as per law Not act since the park s meant for playing and other outdoor aches and @ or activities and moreover the complaints against teens (©) Take immedlat action by taking teens above the age of eighteen tothe police station and release them ony afer the assurance thatthe event will not be repeated (4) Assisi bringog about @ mutual ‘nd recta soluton ofthe sue by iolng the members, parent of teens 1nd the tee , ns a ns nae am, Paving noted the conpiansis also nota goot option, ‘Acivi servant shouldbe a sis ringing t Foe altar andher assisting in binging about aul and praetor ofthe issue by involving all the concerned meme willbe a good option. So, answer i (d) Scanned by CamScanner: yoursmahboob.wordpress.com Practice Questions 1, You are working on an important project related to security of your country, under striet monitoring and personal supervision by your senior officers (@) arrange a meeting with the senior offcers an range a vor offeets and seek (©) senda letter to your senior officers through your coleague (9 tak eave en ntorn them at trishngjar ace (6) rot take leave and somehow ty to avoid the were 2.You are the Investigation Officer in n terrorist attack ease. A few groups are in ret lng and you are investigating it. You are not told to disclose any secrets related to the case as it could affect the amicable relations with neighbour countries. You are addressing a press conference and media persons are insisting on disclosing the results. Suddenly a person hurls abuses at you, You will {@) leave the conterence in between (0) ask that person the reason for his misbehaviour (9) ignore the incident (@) call the police and got the person aresied 3. You have been appointed as district magistrate in a far flung hilly area. One of your junior officers is notorious for his misbehaviour, He is involved in some illegal activities also. Many villagers had complained against him. But he used to remain quite friendly and polite with you. You will (@) dismiss him immediately (0) take feedback trom other officers in the crce in which the officer has been working (©) warn him and make a surptise inspection atersome days and wil ask the vilagers about him (@) order a probe against the officer and put him under ‘suspension until the probe is over 4. You were on your way to Railway station to catch a train. You were going for a very important meeting, on which your career and future depend, Suddenly a car passes by and throws a person out of the running car. There was no one to help him. You will (2) stop there, hire a tax and take the person tothe hospital (©) stop there, give the person necessary first-aid treatment and {99 on your way (0) goonyourway, assuming that someone else willhelp the person (@) call the police and go on your way when police arrives You, as an Income Tax Commissioner, come to know about tax evasion by a very big and reputed businessman, You have got information from one of your very reliable and honest officers. But that industrialist has a very clean image and also he gontributes too much for charity and social works. He is contributing a lot towards Corporate Social Responsibility: He has no such charges in past. But the officer is sure of the tax evasion, What, would you do? (2) Call your predecessor who worked in that area for long and seek is advice (©) Conducta raid immediatly (©) Senda notice tho industakst (6) Catameetng of your rable otfcers and gatherinpus. Your action should depend onthe pint deesion A task has been assigned to you by your senior officer, But the task is totally new for you and you have no knowledge about it. As you have to complete the task in a stipulated time, so you do not have time to gain knowledge and finish the task, What would you do? (@) Finish that work somehow, without surety oft being perfect (©) Refuse to perform that work (©) Take the help of others to accomplish you task (A) Take the task ard atthe end ofthe sipuated time, make out excuses 7, While doing an important work, a person receives a message from his wife that his son has met with an accident and needs to be hospitalized. He leaves the office immediately and rushes to the hospital with his son. On his way to the hospital, he gets stuck in a traffic jam due to day long programme of a leader. The situation is very critical. He should (@) wal forthe trafic jam to get cleared (0) take his son on his shoulders and rush to the hospital on foot (©) enquire about other possible ways and take the other road to” reach the hospital (8 shout and cry for help 8. You are invited for dinner by one of your senior officers on the occasion of his birthday. In the party, another senior officer, who does not like you, cracks a joke on you in front of everyone and makes mockery of you. You feel bad and anguished, You will (@) leave the party immediately (b) ty to take the matter lightly and keep your calm (©) file a writen complain () become anguish and abuse that senior officer wily 9. You are a Superintendent of Police in a district, where lot of hidden treasure has been found. All foolproof arrangements were made for the security of the treasure. You were in the police control room, when you receive information that some dacoits are trying to steal the treasure, You will (@) confirm the actual situation from one of your reliable officer (0) direct the concerned police station to take stem action to avoid any casualty (©) tush to the spot wit lot of force (@) take it easy as the information does not come from any officials . rr Compiled By Hemraj Scanned by CamScanner66 Observation 10. You are a government employee. An illiterate person comes to your office and wants to know details of a currently launch government policy but at that time you. are very busy in an unavoidable work. Also you think that making the person understand the details of the policy will take time. You will {@) tell him potely that he should come tomorrow (©) tell nim to take agpointment rom your subordinate and then (6) tel timto mestyour subordinate forthe purpose since you a vorybusy (6) te him to wait outside for some time and enterian him 2s s00n as you are ree 11, You have been posted as District Magistrate in a dintret whore infastructare work i wing on & large scale. One day suddenly you receive a eal from someone that many Iabourers have been seriously injured in an accident. When you reach there you find a huge crowd of labourers, their kins and media persons. You will (@) hoid a meeting wih experts and rect the rescue team for fuer action (0) tlhe ond to vacate the pace (© callthe owner of te inrastructre project (@) ascertain how many bowers were on ty dnd how many were ured take further step 12. You are the District Magistrate in a rural area. One day you were very busy due to an important: project. You see that some villagers were waiting outside your office for a very long time. You ask ‘your subordinate about the matter and he informs ‘you that the villagers have come with a problem and want to meet you personally. You will (2) cai the vilagers endlisten to them, assuring that you wil ock ‘nto ther probiem (©) te th vlagers that you have no time and they should come tomorrow (©) trish your work and thon cal the vitagers into your office end §sten to them, assuring that you wil sulylookinto the matter (0) tet tne vitagers that they should not come decty and should have taken appointment before coming 13. A Block Development Officer goes to a village to inform the villagers about the huge steel industry to be set up there in the coming months. As soon as he reaches the village, he meets with protests and resistance from the villagers. People are protesting against the scheme and are demanding their rights over their lands. They won't listen to him anyhow. What should the BDO do? (@) Retum from the vllage as it's next to impossibie to make the vilagers understand (©) Inform the concerned police station to calm the situation (6) Uisten to the complaint of the people, promise them about adatessing their grievances and taking the matter to the higher authorities and then make them understand the reason of his visit (oun tom be wage and orm Be er aur woute rt project that You are working on an important proj ws 14. You teeine approwching nnd the project is very xe al for your department. You have delegated erectile works to each of your team members. You « sreetiidenly informed about the sudden demise o¢ the father of steam member. You are etruteg nS staponability of brenking the news to him. You wil unt tave be potent rj {Sten him and alow in no a nants abouts progress oh wok ang © etc rable nerbor Thon, ou wi low Tn gp on eave (@, not tal Fim as it cous be detimental forthe project and you can tmnt ‘are Deputy General Manager of a very reput aoe vary Tour quality nginees reports yo about the poor quality of materials being used in the construction of a boiler. He also reports you that both Junior Engineer and the contractor are equally responsible for the irregularities. But the contractor is of a reputed firm and has good political contacts also. You will : {@) suspend the Junior Engineer and fle a complain againsthim {©) ave. note to.he contracor and Junior Engineer both {©) suspend te Junior Engineer and cancel al Contracts wih the contractor (@) decide o old construction charge to the tunior Engineer 16. Your senior has asked you to make arrangement for a seminar to be scheduled after two days: You somehow manage to finish it with great effort and dedication. On the day of seminar, your senior gets disappointed on seeing the arrangement and rebukes you in front of everyone. You will (a) leave the job immediately {0) leave the place and think of resignation {@) blame the sub workers for bad work (6) ask ora detaed feedback and assure him that in future, you wil take care ofthis 11. You have got a job in a big company. Your friends are insisting you to treat them on the occasion. You have invited them and treating them at a restaurant. When the bill arrives, you realize that you have forgotten to bring your wallet. Your credit card and ATM cards are in your wallet. What will you do? (2) Leave the restaurant wihout teting anyone (©) Ask one of your cose friends to pay and promise hr to at back next day (0) Tryto convince the manager of the restaurant so that you cat pay the bil alter three hours (0) Create a scene and announce that you forgot your wallet front of everyone UD SD VPU PTR PTE Compiled By Hemraj Scanned by CamScanneryoursmahbeotewordpress.com 18. You are undergoing training in the Army 22, You are a Railway officer. You want to take leave Headquarters. While on wal in the morning, you for six months to prepere for civil services. You bridge. A village ie ence Bee planted near a want to dedicate these six months completely to ‘The bridge is the only comeciins out bridge. your studies. What will you do to convince your the village and the town. A General Manager? : town. A large number of vehicles cross the bridge daily. Lives of large 1) Goa and ae ae sos of you fers heath number of people are in danger. You wi a {@) nlom the fearby poles aetna YOU will (©) Request him and te hin that tis necessary for you to take (©) inquire the situation, tak a leave everyone from crossing the blogs nt PROS and stop (© Tel him the reaty that you wi not be abet justly wih the (0 cal ihe bomb afusing squad fom the Amy Heaequarere salary that youare geting trom he government as you cannot immediate ard prvert anyone fom core ese ree oyour workin 100 percent dedeation due to your studies (@) inform the head ofthe vilage and every person (2 ie hi an appleaton and some fake medial reports to 23. On your way back home from office, you see some men are teasing a girl on a bus-stop. You will 19. Yo are an honest government officer and are not at all interested in any other subjects besides your official one. You rely only on your salary for your livelihood and do not believe in bribes or maki eee er eugene r making (b) immediately ask the men to stop teasin money. One of your colleagues, who feels jealous of _{¢)tare-help of otter people fo step such act you and is close to your boss complained that you (6) call the mooie police to help the git took a huge bribe to clear a project. You will 6) feeliow and ashamed tonto hers (©) not act at al unless your boss reacts to this information and 24, You are the CEO of a mobile company. Due to huge loss in the business, you ran away without wail for any action by your boss informing anyone and returned after nine months. (©) notcare aboutthe situation as itis spread just by acoleague After returning, you will (6) goo your boss and speak to him tha this is not rue {@) ask your employees to forgive you and that you now

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