X
"'X"--do not clean with either water cleaner or solvent-based cleaner.
Use a vacuum cleaner or light brush only. D 5253, D13
"X"--a letter code. See upholstery cleaning instructions.
D 5253, D13
xanthate viscosity--see viscosity, xanthate. D 1695, D01
XbH, XbM, and Xbv--the X coordinates of the locations of these
respective widths of the snowboard measured from the tail of the
snowboard.
Xbi-D XbM , Xbv--the x coordinates for the location of these respective
widths of the ski measured from the tail of the ski. F 472, F27
X dimension, n--in bar code symbology, the intended width of the
narrow elements as set by the application or specification, or both.
F 1294, F05
xenogeneic or xenogenic, n--cells, tissues, and organs in which the
donor and recipient belong to different species. Synonyms: xenog-
enous, heterogeneic, or heterologous . F 2312, F04
xenograft, n - - a graft of tissue transplanted between animals of
different species. Called also heterograft, heterologous graft and
heteroplastic graft. F 2312, F04
xenon arc, n - - a n excited state xenon-plasma that emits UV, visible,
and IR radiation and is producd by passing a high intensity electric
current through a quartz tube containing xenon gas. G 113, G03
xenotransplantation, n - - a n y procedure that involves the transplan-
tation or infusion into a human recipient of either (1) live ceils,
tissues, or organs from a nonhuman animal source or (2) human
body fluids, cells, tissues, or organs that have had ex vivo contact
with live nonhuman cells, tissues, or organs. F 2312, F04
Xeriscape, n - - a term that refers to water-efficient choices in planting
and irrigation design. It refers to seven basic principles to conserve
water and protect the environment, including: planning and de-
signing; use of well-adapted plants; soil analysis; practical tuff
areas; use of mulches; appropriate maintenance; and efficient
irrigation.
E 2114, E06
xerographic copying--a form of plain paper copying which uses a
dry toner. Synonym for xerography. F 335, F05
xerographic paper, n - - a grade of paper suitable for copying by the
electrostatic process. D 1968, D06
xerography--See xerographic copying. F 335, F05
x-mm minus, n--pieces of classified, size reduced scrap tires where
the maximum size of 95 % of the pieces is less than x-nun in any
dimension (that is, 25-ram minus; 50-mm minus; 75-ram minus,
etc). D 5681, D34
X-radiation--electromagnetic radiation of the same nature as visible
light but having a wavelength approximately 1/1000 that of visible
light. E 7, E04
X-ray fluorescence instrument, n - - a measurement device that
determines metal contents of materials using the physics of the
interaction of gamma rays (from the excitation source) with
electrons in target metals (for example, lead) in the material and
the resulting fluorescence. E 1605, E06
X-ray ghost line---XPS, lines in a spectrum due to presence of
contaminating X-ray photons from an impurity in the X-ray anode,
from the X-ray window, or from certain elements present in the
specimen. E 673, E42
X-ray image plane, n--in tire testing, a surface located at a specified
distance from the X-ray tube "focal spot." F 538, F09
X-ray imaging system, n--in tire testing, a collection of the
components and subsystems needed to produce a fluoroscopic or
radiographic image of the tire. F 538, F09
692
X-ray linewidth--the energy width of the principal characteristic
X-ray; in XPS it usually refers to that of the X-ray source. The
X-ray linewidth contributes to the photo-electron peak widths.
E 673, E42
X-ray monochromator--a device used to eliminate photons of
energies other than those in a narrow band. E 673, E42
X-ray radiograph, n - - a n X-ray film, plate, or paper that is placed at
the image plane and is used for recording an X-ray image of the
object being examined. F 538, F09
X-rays--See X-radiation. E 7, E04
X-ray screen, n - - a fluorescent screen, placed at the image plane, that
produces an X-ray image of the object being examined. F 538, F09
X-ray standard field--an X-ray field that is well characterized as to
the exposure rate, or absorbed dose rate produced in a specified
material, at a specified location within the field for a given tube
voltage, current, and filtration. E 170, El0
X-ray t u b e - - a device for the production of X-rays by the impact of
high-speed electrons on a metal target. E 7, E04
XRF analyzer--instrnmentthat determines lead concentration, using
the principle of X-ray fluorescence. E 631, E06
XRF direct-reading analyzer--an analyzer that provides the opera-
tor with a display of a lead concentration calculated from the lead
"K" x-ray intensity. Compare XRF spectrum analyzer.
E 631, E06
XRF reading cycle-XRF direct-reading analyzers--calculate the
lead "K" x-ray intensity in a specific time interval (10 to 30 s) that
is fixed by the manufacturer and related to the age of the source.
The calculated result in this time interval is a reading cycle.
E 631, E06
XRF sample site--specific spot on a surface being tested for lead
concentration by portable or laboratory XRF equipment.
E 631, E06
XRF-shoot, v--to obtain the results of an XRF single reading cycle.
E 631, E06
XRF spectrum analyzer--type of XRF analyzer that provides the
operator with a plot of the energy and intensity of both" k" and "L"
x-rays, as well as a calculated concentration of lead. Compare
XRF direct-reading analyzer. E 631, E06
XRF substrate effect--return of backscattered radiation from paint,
substrate, or underlying material to the XRF analyzer. E 631, E06
X/R ratio, n--the ratio of system inductive reactance to resistance.
F 819, F18
xylan--a pentosan giving almost exclusively xylose on hydrolysis.
D 1695, D01
xylem--the portion of the tree trunk, branches, and roots that lies
between the pith and the cambium. D 9, D07
xylene--a mixture of C a aromatic hydrocarbons. D 4790, D16
xylene, 10°C--xylene having a total distillation range of no more
than 10°C. This range brackets the boiling points of the three
individual isomers and ethylbenzene. Refer to Specification D 846
for complete specifications. D 4790, D16
xylene, nitration grade--xylene consisting principally of the meta
isomer and having a total distillation range of no more than 5°C.
Nonaromatic impurities is limited to a maximum of 4 volume %.
Refer to Specification D 843 for complete specifications.
D 4790, D16
xylenol(s)---dimethyl phenol(s), hydroxydimethylbenzene (C8HIoO)
mol weight 122.16; colorless crystalline powders. Five isomeric
xylenols exist. D 4790, D16