1.

NECESSARY CONDITIONS
1.1. MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT
- Hotplate
- 250mL Beaker
- Glass Rod
- LECO Boat
- Drying Oven or Moisture Balance
- H3PO4 (1:10) Solution
- G8 Glass Fiber Filter Circle
- Bushnell Funnel
- Filtering Flask
- Vacuum Pump

1.2. SAFETY / ENVIRONMENT

Burn- Use gloves to pick up beaker and boat puller to push in and pull boat out of LECO

1.3. OTHER
Equipment in good working order

2. ACTIVITIES DESCRIPTION
2.1. Weigh 2.5g of sample into aluminum pan or directly into beaker.
2.2. Add 100 mL of H3PO4 to a clean 250mL beaker.
2.3. Stir sample into solution with a glass rod.
2.4 Place beaker on the hot plate and heat to boiling. See illustration below:

2.5 Boil for approximately 5 minutes.

2.6. Filter contents of beaker through Bushnell funnel using a filtering flask and vacuum
pump. See illustration below:
2.7. Wash beaker and filter with DI water.
2.8. Carefully remove filter paper (and contents) from funnel and take ½ of another filter and
wipe the inside of the funnel to remove any excess carbon that might be stuck to the sides of
the funnel. Place the ½ filter into the whole filter and fold to fit into LECO boat. See
illustration below:

2.9. Place the LECO boat into the moisture balance or drying oven until dry. See illustration
below:

2.10. Open up the LECO software on the computer.

2.11. Label sample and select the “Flyash” method.
2.12. The sample weight will be 2.5g.
2.13. Place the sample in front of the door and press F4 to start the measurement. See
illustration below:
 2.14. Wait for the prompts to tell you when to slide the boat in.
2.15. Once the sample is analyzed, you will take the final number of the carbon content and
subtract .01 from it. (This accounts for the filter paper)

3. EXPECTED RESULTS

To be able to use this information as a diagnostic tool to better control the amount of carbon in
the process from both an increased SO3 cycles and emission due to raw material issues

4. ACTIONS IN CASE OF ABNORMALITY

ABNORMALITIES POSSIBLE CAUSES SOLUTIONS
Unusual results Not rinsed thoroughly Repeat test

Unusual results LECO boat not clean Repeat with new LECO boat
Unusual results LECO out of calibration Run LECO standard