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UNIT - : Aerobic Respiration: Name
UNIT - : Aerobic Respiration: Name
Essential Idea(s):
Energy is converted to a usable form in cell respiration
IB Assessment Statements and Class Objectives
2.8.U4: Aerobic cell respiration requires oxygen and gives a large yield of ATP from glucose
Compare the total amount of ATP made from anaerobic and aerobic respiration.
State the location of aerobic respiration.
2.8.S1: Analysis of results from experiments involving measurement of respiration rates in germinating seeds or
invertebrates using a respirometer
Outline the use of a respirometer to measure cellular respiration rate.
2.8.NOS: Assessing the ethics of scientific research- the use of invertebrates in respirometers experiments
List ethical questions that must be considered before using animals in experiments.
8.2.U6: In the link reaction pyruvate is converted into acetyl coenzyme A.
Summarize the reactant and products of the link reaction.
8.2.U7: In the Krebs cycle, the oxidation of acetyl groups is coupled to the reduction of electron carriers, liberating
carbon dioxide
State that NADH and FADH2 are electron carriers formed during the Krebs cycle.
Outline the events of the Krebs cycle, referencing the formation of NADH and FADH2, formation of ATP and
decarboxylation of acetyl groups.
8.2.S1: Analysis of diagrams of the pathways of aerobic respiration to decide where decarboxylation and oxidation
reactions occur.
State that decarboxylation of glucose occurs in the linking reaction and Krebs cycle of aerobic respiration.
8.2.U8: Energy released by oxidation reactions is carried to the cristae of the mitochondria by reduced NAD and FAD
State that NAD+ is reduced to become NADH in the link reaction and Krebs cycle.
State that FAD is reduced to become FADH2 in the Krebs cycle.
State that NADH and FADH2 carry electrons to the electron transport chain on the mitochondrial inner
membrane.
8.2.U9: Transfer of the electrons between carriers in the electron transport chain in the membrane of the cristae is
coupled to proton pumping.
State that at the electron transport chain, FADH2 and NADH given electrons to electron carrier proteins.
State that the movement of electrons through electron carrier proteins in the electron transport chain is used to
pump protons (H+) across the inner mitochondrial membrane into the intermembrane space.
8.2.U11: Oxygen is needed to bind with the free protons to maintain the hydrogen gradient, resulting in the formation
of water
State that oxygen is the final electron acceptor in aerobic cellular respiration.
State that that formation of water in the matrix at the end of the electron transport chain helps to maintain the
hydrogen gradient between the intermembrane space and the matrix.
8.2.U10: In chemiosmosis protons diffuse through ATP synthase to generate ATP.
Define oxidative phosphorylation and chemiosmosis.
8.2.NOS: Paradigm shift-chemiosmotic theory led to a paradigm shift in the field of bioenergetics.
State that Peter Mitchell’s proposal of the chemiosmotic hypothesis in 1961 lead to a major shift in our
understanding of cellular processes.
Cellular Respiration:
Definition:
Formula:
Overview:
Respirometers – a tool used to measure respiration rates
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RRRzC1yohHY
A sealed container for… An alkali, such as potassium A capillary tube with fluid for…
hydroxide, to…
What Happens:
1. Organism performs cellular respiration
2. CO2 produced is absorbed by the alkali (so we know change in gas volume and pressure
is due to reduction in O2, not increase of CO2 during respiration).
3. There is a reduction in O2 gas as it is used up during respiration, reducing the volume of
air in the respirometer
4. Pressure drops in the container as there is less gas
5. The drop in pressure in the container causes the movement of the fluid in the capillary
tube
Responding Variable:
Review of Glycolysis
Occurs __________________ OR ___________________
Occurs in the _________________
Glucose 2 ______________
Produces a net of ______________ and _________________
The Linking Reaction
The ___________________ out of the mitochondria and through the cell membrane
The oxidation of pyruvate is coupled to the reduction of NAD+, creating _____________________
A large molecule called ____________________________ joins with the acetyl. Creates
_________________________________________________
Each linking reaction creates:
o __________________
o __________________
Remember: 1 glucose produces 2 pyruvate, so the linking reaction happens two times per glucose
Oxidation
Decarboxylation
The Krebs Cycle
What remains are the electrons that have been given to the electron carrier molecules
NADH and FADH2… these molecules move on to the Electron transport chain (ETC).
Chemiosmosis
The _________________________ passively move back through mitochondrial membranes through
__________________ (an enzyme embedded in the inner membrane)
The movement of protons (H+) is coupled to the phosphorylation of ADP to yield ATP
Yields __________________ ATP per glucose
Together, the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis are called OXIDATIVE
Summary