Unit 5 – Producers & Cellular Energy

-Cellular Respiration Notes-

Part 3: Cellular Respiration

LT 5.8 – I can identify the sites of anaerobic and aerobic respiration and compare the reactants
and products of each.

Overview
 Organisms obtain energy (______) by breaking down (catabolic pathway,
_________________ reaction) organic molecules (glucose) during ________________
______________________.
 The function of cellular respiration is to gather __________________ from glucose and
use their energy to create ATP.
 Cellular respiration occurs in the ________________ and
__________________________.

Anaerobic vs. Aerobic Respiration

 Anaerobic – oxygen (O2) not _________________
 Aerobic – oxygen (O2) ____________

Cellular Respiration

Aerobic Respiration
 Aerobic cellular respiration occurs in two main parts:
o ________________________
 This stage is ___________, meaning that it doesn’t require oxygen!
o _________________ Respiration
 Aerobic mean that the process occurs with ______________!
 Includes the ________ Cycle, ________________ Transport Chain and
___________________________
 Unit 5 – Producers & Cellular Energy

Glycolysis
 ___________________ (glyco = sugar, lysis = to break) is the process of glucose being
broken down in the cytoplasm of a cell.
 What goes in?
o ______________ (6-carbon sugar)
o 2 ATP
 What comes out?
o ____ ATP total, a net of 2 ATP
o 2 _____________ (electron carriers)
o 2 _____________ (3-carbon sugar)

Between Glycolysis and the Krebs Cycle

 After glycolysis, the cell is left with 2 pyruvate in the cytoplasm.
 Prior to entering the Krebs Cycle, pyruvate firsts reacts with coenzyme A (CoA) to form a
2-carbon molecule called ___________ ________.
 Also during this time, one ___________ ___________ is released and one _________
(electron carrier) is formed.

The Krebs Cycle

 After glycolysis, most of the energy from the glucose is still contained in the 2
________________.
 In the presence of oxygen, the pyruvate is transported into the ________________ and
converted to Acetyl CoA.
 There it is broken down into __________ ___________ in a process known as the
__________ _____________.
 What goes in?
o Pyruvate ____________ ______
 What comes out?
o ____ CO2
o ____ NADH (electron carrier)
o ____ FADH2 (electron carrier)
o ____ ATP

Electron Transport Chain

 This is the point at which most of the _____ of __________ cellular respiration is
produced.
 The electrons carried by NADH and FADH 2 are brought to the ETC to convert ______ 
ATP.
 These _______________ are release by NADH and FADH 2 to move along the
mitochondrial membrane from one protein (___________________) to another.
 This causes Hydrogen ions to be pumped across the mitochondrial membrane into the
____________________________ space.
 Unit 5 – Producers & Cellular Energy

 After the electrons have been passed down the chain they are accepted at the end by O 2
to make _________.

Chemiosmosis
 Because there are more Hydrogen ions (H+) in the innermembrane space, they want to
____________ back across the membrane into the _________.
 They move back across the membrane through an enzyme called ATP
___________________.
 ATP synthase turns ADP into ________!

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Anaerobic Respiration
 Some cells can function for short periods of time when oxygen levels are low or even
exist _____________ oxygen at all!
 Recall, Glycolysis is an ____________________ process and occurs in the cytoplasm
without oxygen.
 If there is no oxygen after Glycolysis, the cell will carry out ____________________
rather than aerobic cellular respiration.
 ____________________________ is the process in which NAD+ is regenerated, allowing
cells to maintain ________________ and small amounts of _______ production in the
absence of oxygen.

Fermentation
 There are two main types of fermentation:
o ___________ _________ fermentation
o _______________ fermentation

1. Lactic Acid Fermentation

 At the end of Glycolysis, ________________ is left.
 Lactic acid fermentation converts the pyruvate made during Glycolysis to ___________
________ using special _________________.
 During Glycolysis NAD+ is converted to NADH. When Pyruvate gets converted to Lactic
acid, NADH gets converted back to NAD+ so Glycolysis can be __________________.
 Unit 5 – Producers & Cellular Energy

 This is what occurs in your _________ cells when you are at lacking oxygen. It is
hypothesized that Lactic acid can cause your muscles to feel fatigued or sore.

2. Alcohol Fermentation
 This occurs in _________ (fungi) and some bacteria.
 After Glycolysis, pyruvate is converted to __________ and ____________
____________.
 This process also allows for NAD+ to be converted back to ___________.
 This is why ___________ has holes in it!!!

LT 5.9 – I can explain how photosynthetic organisms use the process of photosynthesis and
cellular respiration.