Biology Name: _________________________ Hour: ____

Guided Notes: Unit 2B (Energy Metabolism)

Part 1: Photosynthesis

What is photosynthesis?

The process of converting __________________________ into _______________________.

The equation for this chemical reaction is:

Highlight the REACTANTS green and the PRODUCTS blue.

Leaf Structure

___________________: small holes in leaves and other plant structures

that allow for ________________________________ (this includes

carbon dioxide, oxygen, and gaseous water)

____________________: a waxy covering on leaves that allows them to

retain __________________.

________________: Structure that carries water and nutrients through

the plant

Mesophyll: vascular area of the plant that ___________________ in

air spaces.

The Chloroplast
Photosynthesis takes place in __________________________.

Chloroplasts contain ____________________ that allow

photosynthesis to take place. These pigments absorb

__________________________________ to convert to

__________________________________.
Autotrophs vs. Heterotrophs

An organism that makes its own food is called an ______________________. An organism that has to

eat food is called a __________________.

Light Energy – Colors of Light

Which color of light is used in photosynthesis? Based on the video we watched, what colors of light

are…

Absorbed (used!) –

Reflected/Transmitted (color we see) –

What does this mean?

There are several pigments in plants, but we are specifically going to

look at chlorophyll a and b.

Which colors of light are most absorbed by chlorophyll a?

What about chlorophyll b?

What factors affect the rate of photosynthesis?

1.

2.

3.

4.
Part 2: Cellular Respiration

The first law of thermodynamics states that energy cannot be created

or destroyed, only __________________________ from one form to

another.

Essential Question: What macromolecules provide our bodies with a source of energy? Where is that

energy stored?

What is the original source of this energy?

Cell Energy

The macromolecules _________________________ and _________________ provide our bodies with

energy.

The energy is stored in their _____________.

What molecules do our cells use for energy?

Adenosine ______phosphate → ATP → 3P (Phosphates)

**Three bonds storing energy

Adenosine ______phosphate → ADP → 2P

The loss of a phosphate group from ATP provides the cell energy.

Why?

Fully Charged Battery = _________ Empty Battery = _________

Why does this have more energy? Why does this have less energy?
Cellular Respiration

Cellular respiration is the conversion of _______________________ (food) to

________________________ energy (ATP)

The equation for this chemical reaction is:

Highlight the REACTANTS blue and the PRODUCTS green.

What do you notice about this equation?

*Energy is released when which molecule breaks down?

The Mitochondria

Most cellular respiration happens in the

___________________________.

Certain parts of cellular respiration also occur in the

___________________________ of the cell.

Which organisms carry out cellular respiration?

**ALL living things

Would prokaryotes and eukaryotes be able to do this the same way? Why or why not? (Think about

their cell structures)

Two major types of cellular respiration

Aerobic: production of ATP in the __________________ of

oxygen **Produces the MOST ATP

Anaerobic: production of ATP in the __________________ of

oxygen **also known as fermentation

Cellular respiration occurs in these major steps:

1. Glycolysis

2. Aerobic Process

OR

2. Fermentation Process (Anaerobic)

Step 1 - Glycolysis

This step occurs in ___________ types of cellular respiration. It will *always* occur.

This step takes place in the _________________ and does not produce much energy → only

________

**Occurs in the cytoplasm**

Step 2…
Aerobic Respiration

**Aerobic = with oxygen

This step happens in the _____________________ and produces the most energy →

____________!!

OR
Anaerobic Respiration

Remember: This is known as ___________________.

There are two types of fermentation:

● ___________________________ fermentation (occurs in bacteria and animals)

○ Can be used to make yogurt, sour cream, cheese, etc.

○ Our bodies use this process during heavy activity, like sprinting.

● _______________________ Fermentation (produces ethanol and CO2)

 ○ Used by _________________ to make bread and alcohol

**These processes occur in the ________________**

This process only produces 2 ATP!

Summarizing…

Aerobic Respiration Anaerobic Respiration

Need Oxygen?

ATP Produced?

Location in cell?

Which process likely evolved first aerobic respiration or anaerobic respiration? Why? (There are two

reasons…)