Assignment # 2

Physiology
“Eitiological classification of anemia”

Submitted to: Submitted by:

Madam Mahwash Mengal Ayesha Manzoor
Roll #05
1st Year, MBBS
ANEMIA
Anemia means the deficiency of “Hemoglobin” in the blood, which can
be caused by either too few RBCs or too little hemoglobin in the cells.
It is also referred to the “Lowered ability of the blood to carry oxygen”
It has many types. It can be temporary or long term and can range from mild to
severe.
Anemia is the most common blood disorder, affecting about “one third” of the
global population.
CAUSES OF ANEMIA
Anemia can be caused by:
1-Blood loss
2-Decreased Red blood cell production
3-Increased Red blood cell breakdown (HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA)
4-Intestinal inflammation

CLASSIFICATION OF ANEMIA
Anemia is classified into two types on the basis of following

1-Morphological classification
2-Eitiological classification

MORPHOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION OF ANEMIA

Following are the types of anemia on the basis of morphology
1-Normocytic Normochromic

2-Normocytic Hypochromic
3-Macrocytic Hypochromic
4-Microcytic Hypochromic

EITIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION OF ANEMIA

TYPES OF ANEMIA CAUSES MORPHOLOGY
OF RBC
EXTRINSIC
HEMOLYTIC
ANEMIA
1-Renal disorder
2-Liver failure
3-Hypersplenism
4-Burns
5-Infections- Normocytic
HEMOLYTIC Hepatitis,Malaria and Normochromic
ANEMIA Septicemia
6-Drugs-
Penicillin,antimalarial
 drugs and sulfa drugs
7-Poisoning by lead,
coal and tar
8-Presence of
isoagglutinins like
anti-Rh
9-Autoimmune
diseases-
Rheumatoid arthritis
and ulcerative colitis

INTRINSIC
HEMOLYTIC
Sickle shape
ANEMIA

Sickle cell anemia

HEREDITARY
DISORDERS Small and irregular

Thalassemia ACUTE LOSS

Normocytic and
Normochromic
HEMORRHAGIC
Excess loss of blood by
ANEMIA external and internal CHRONIC LOSS
bleeding Microcytic and
Hypochromic
NUTRITION Iron deficiency Microcytic
Hypochromic
DEFICIENCY
ANEMIA Protein deficiency Macrocytic
Hypochromic

Vitamin B12 deficiency Macrocytic

Normochromic/
Hypochromic

Folic acid deficiency Megaloblastic

Hypochromic
APLASTIC ANEMIA Bone marrow disorder Normocytic
normochromic
ANEMIA OF 1-Non-infectious
inflammatory diseases-
CHRONIC DISEASES Rheumatoid Arthritis

2-Chronic Infections- Normocytic

Tuberculosis Normochromic

3-Chronic renal failure

4-Neoplastic Disorders-
Hodgkin’s disease