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Global/Local Saturation Effect in Subdomain Method (SDM): Dubas'

Superposition Technique

Preprint · November 2019

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Frédéric Dubas
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 Global/Local Saturation Effect in Subdomain Method
(SDM): Dubas' Superposition Technique

Frédéric DUBAS
Département ENERGIE, FEMTO-ST, CNRS, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F90000 Belfort,
France

Abstract
According [1], one of the founding articles of the SDM is [2] with the state-of-the-art in the
introduction. Until recently, non-periodic subdomains could only be considered if they are enclosed by
infinitely permeable material at their periodic boundaries. Recently, new techniques of electromagnetic
modeling in electrical machines taking into account finite soft-magnetic permeabilities (viz., with global
saturation effect) have been developed, viz.,
(i) Spranger et al. (2016) [3]: in the multi-layer model using the Cauchy’s product
theorem;
(ii) Dubas et al. (2017) [4, 5]: in the exact SDM by applying the superposition
principle in both directions. It is interesting to note that an overview of the
existing (semi-)analytical models in the Maxwell‒Fourier method with a global
and/or local saturation effect has been realized in [4], where some details and
the (dis)advantages of these techniques can be found.
To overcome that issue, Dubas et al. (2017) have recently proposed an extension of the exact SDM
by using superposition principle [4-5]. They have presented a technique that does allow for regular non-
periodic boundaries. They do this by rewriting the magnetic vector potential A   ,  as the
superposition of a part that is periodic in the ρ-direction A   ,  and a part that is periodic in the η-
direction A   ,  :

A   ,   A   ,   A   , 

where   ,  ,   are  x, y , z for the Cartesian coordinates [4] and r ,  , z for the polar coordinates [5].

According to [6-8], the Dubas’ superposition technique [4, 5] is very interesting since it enables
the magnetic field computation in the material of slotted geometries. Comparisons with numerical
methods give good results. The Dubas’ superposition technique has been implemented and applied in
radial/axial-flux electrical machines with(out) permanent-magnets (PMs) supplied by a direct or
alternate current (with any waveforms) [9-12]. The Dubas’ superposition technique could have been
used to develop a new model with the consideration of the saturation effect [13].
This technique has been extended to:
(i) the thermal modelling for the steady-state temperature distribution in rotating
electrical machines [14];
(ii) elementary subdomains in the rotor and stator regions for full prediction of
magnetic field in rotating electrical machines with the local saturation effect
solving by the Newton‒Raphson iterative algorithm [15-16].
The Dubas’ superposition technique has been implemented in MANATEE software [12].

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Examples

Fig. 1: Flux density distribution inside the spoke-type PM machine [9, 11].

Fig. 2: Flux density distribution inside the switched reluctance machine supplied by sinusoidal
waveform of current (aka, variable flux reluctance machines) [10].

Analytic FEMM

Fig. 3: Flux density distribution inside the surface-mounted PMs machine [12].

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 Fig. 4: Flux density distribution inside the spoke-type PM machine (Elementary subdomain
technique) [15].

Fig. 5: Flux density distribution inside the squirrel-cage induction machine with the local saturation
effect and eddy-currents (Elementary subdomain technique) [16].

References
[1] Pfister, P.; Yin, X.; Fang, Y. Slotted Permanent-Magnet Machines: General Analytical Model
of Magnetic Fields, Torque, Eddy Currents, and Permanent-Magnet Power Losses Including the
Diffusion Effect. IEEE Trans. Magn. 2016, 52, 1–13.
[2] Dubas, F.; Espanet, C. Analytical Solution of the Magnetic Field in Permanent-Magnet Motors
Taking Into Account Slotting Effect: No-Load Vector Potential and Flux Density Calculation. IEEE
Trans. Magn. 2009, 45, 2097–2109.
[3] Sprangers, R.L.J.; Paulides, J.J.H.; Gysen, B.L.J.; Lomonova, E.A. Magnetic Saturation in Semi-
Analytical Harmonic Modeling for Electric Machine Analysis. IEEE Trans. Magn. 2016, 52, 1–10.
[4] Dubas, F.; Boughrara, K. New Scientific Contribution on the 2-D Subdomain Technique in
Cartesian Coordinates: Taking into Account of Iron Parts. Math. Comput. Appl. 2017, 22, 17.
[5] Dubas, F.; Boughrara, K. New Scientific Contribution on the 2-D Subdomain Technique in
Polar Coordinates: Taking into Account of Iron Parts. Math. Comput. Appl. 2017, 22, 42.

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 [6] Hannon, B.; Sergeant, P.; Dupré, L. Two-dimensional Fourier-based modeling of electric
machines. In Proceedings of the 2017 IEEE International Electric Machines and Drives Conference,
Miami, FL, USA, 21–24 May 2017; pp. 1–8.
[7] Hannon, B.; Sergeant, P.; Dupré, Pfister P-D. Two-dimensional Fourier-based modeling of
electric machines – An overview. IEEE Trans. Magn. 2019, 55, 1–17.
[8] Hannon, B. Fourier-based modeling of permanent-magnet synchronous machines operating at
high speed. PhD thesis, Ghent University, August 2017.
[9] Roubache, L.; Boughrara, K.; Dubas, F.; Ibtiouen, R. New Subdomain Technique for
Electromagnetic Performances Calculation in Radial-Flux Electrical Machines Considering Finite
Soft-Magnetic Material Permeability. IEEE Trans. Magn. 2018, 54, 1–15.
[10] Ben Yahia,M.; Boughrara, K.; Dubas, F.; Roubache, L.; Ibtiouen, R. Two-Dimensional Exact
Subdomain Technique of Switched ReluctanceMachines with Sinusoidal Current Excitation. Math.
Comput. Appl. 2018, 23, 59.
[11] Roubache, L. Conception électromagnétique et vibro-acoustique de machines électriques.
Thèse de doctorat, ENP-LRE, 05 Mars 2019.
[12] Devillers, E. Electromagnetic subdomain modeling technique for the fast prediction of radial
and circumferential stress harmonics in electrical machines. Thèse de doctorat, Central Lille, 13
Décembre 2018.
[13] Hemeida, A.; Lehikoinen, A.; Rasilo, P., Vansompel, H.; Belahcen, A., Arkkio, A., Sergeant, P.
A Simple and Efficient Quasi-3D Magnetic Equivalent Circuit for Surface Axial Flux Permanent Magnet
Synchronous Machines. IEEE Trans. Ind. Elec. 2019, 66, 1–16.
[14] Boughrara, K.; Dubas, F.; Ibtiouen, R. 2-D Exact Analytical Method for Steady-State Heat
Transfer Prediction in Rotating Electrical Machines. IEEE Trans. Magn. 2018, 54, 1–19.
[15] Roubache, L.; Boughrara, K.; Dubas, F.; Ibtiouen, R. Elementary subdomain technique for
magnetic field calculation in rotating electrical machines with local saturation effect. Int. J. Comput.
Math. Electr. Electron. Eng. 2018, doi:10.1108/COMPEL-11-2017-0481.
[16] Roubache, L; Boughrara, K.; Dubas, F.; Ibtinouen, R. Technique en Sous-Domaines
élémentaires dans les Machines Asynchrones à Cage d'Écureuil : Saturation Magnétique Locale &
Courants de Foucault dans les Barres. In Proceedings of the Symposium Génie Électrique (SGE), Nancy,
France, 3-5 Juillet 2018.

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