SUBJECT: BACTERIOLOGY LECTURE CONTROL NO.

E. Bacterial Growth and Cultivation

 Nutrient Requirement

1. CARBON SOURCE
Classification:
1. AUTOTROPHS – require only water, inorganic salts, and carbon dioxide for growth; they don’t require organic nutrients for growth.
Also known as LITHOTROPHS
2. Heterotrophs – require an organic form of carbon for growth.
SAPROPHITES-organisms depend on dead organisms
_PARASITE BACTERIA-depend on living organisms obtain nourishment from the host.

 Nitrogen
 Growth Factors

Classification:
• _PROTOTROPHICS_- do not require an exogenous source of growth factor since they synthesize their own.
• _AUXOTROPHICS__– require the addition of growth factor to culture media for growth to occur.
Ex. B-complex vits, AA, pentoses, FA

 Inorganic salts

• _HALOPHILIC_–organisms requiring high salt concentration.

 Oxygen

Classification:

• _AEROBES - grow in the presence of atmospheric oxygen

• Obligate aerobes-grow ONLY in the presence of oxygen
• _FACULTATIVE anaerobes-fundamentally aerobes,but can grow in the absence of oxygen
• _MICROAEROPHILES_- grow best at low or reduced oxygen tensions.

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SUBJECT: BACTERIOLOGY LECTURE CONTROL NO.:

• Anaerobes grow in the _ABSENCE_ of atmospheric oxygen

• OBLIGATE anaerobes- grow only in the absence of oxygen
• Facultative aerobes-fundamentally anaerobes, but can grow in the presence of oxygen
• AEROTOLERANT anaerobes-do not grow well but do survive in the presence of oxygen.  Carbon Dioxide

- Some organisms require a higher concentration of carbon dioxide, these organisms called _CAPNOPHILES_.

 Moisture

- Organism requiring an increased moisture content are termed _HUMIDOPHILIC_.

 Physical requirements

Temperature – An _OPTIMUM GROWTH TEMPERATURE_(OGT) is required for bacterial growth and multiplication

• An increase OGT causes Bacterial Death

• A decrease OGT ceases Bacterial growth

Classification:

PSYCHROPHILIC– grows at 10-20 degrees C.

MESOPHILIC– grows at 20-40 degrees C.
THERMOPHILIC– grows at 50 -60 degrees C.

Hydrogen Ion concentration Classification:

• ACIDOPHILES– grows at pH 6.5. – 7.0
• NEUTROPHILES– grows at 7.5 – 8.0
• ALKALOPHILES– grows at 8.4 – 9.0

Osmotic pressure
• Organism requiring high osmotic pressure are called osmophilic.

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SUBJECT: BACTERIOLOGY LECTURE CONTROL NO.:

Light – bacteria are _CHEMOSYNTHETIC_

The Bacterial Growth Curve

Major phases of the growth curve

A. Lag phase(Phase of _REJUVENESCENCE_ or phase of Physiologic Youth)
- The period of adaptation of the organisms to their new environment characterized by little or no multiplication.
B. Exponential phase(_LOG_ phase)
-The period at which the cells are in a state of balanced growth .
C. Stationary phase(Phase of equilibrium or _PLATEAU_ Phase)
- The period at which the rate of cell production equals the rate of cell death.

Growth ceases due to:

1. Accumulation of waste products
2. exhaustion of nutrients
3. change in pH and other factors

D._DEATH PHASE (phase of decline)- Complete

cessation of multiplication occurs such that the death
rate in the medium increases rapidly

This module is for the exclusive use of the University of La Salette, Inc. Any form of reproduction, distribution, uploading, or
posting online in any form or by any means without the written permission of the university is strictly prohibited. 26
SUBJECT: BACTERIOLOGY LECTURE CONTROL NO.:

Congratulations on finishing
module 1!
► Write the most important concept you learned from this module, most memorable, most surprising and the most confusing as well.
► This post-activity lets you reflect on learning and build writing skills – plus I’ll get a window into your understandings and misunderstandings.

The most important concept that I learned from this module is that bacteria has its own way to grow and cultivate itself by different physical
requirements for bacterial growth. Imagine that there’s a particular group of bacteria that can live with an extreme temperature that cannot do by the
other bacterial groups. Even in pH compatibility and growth factors they are different to each other. And there’s a lot of individuals that work or
introduce something helpful/innovations to us that is helpful in our present generations and for future generation too. If there’s a part that I confused
about this module is about the different bacterial morphology because it’s little confusing to memorize those forms.

This module is for the exclusive use of the University of La Salette, Inc. Any form of reproduction, distribution, uploading, or
posting online in any form or by any means without the written permission of the university is strictly prohibited. 27