PNGE 343 - Petroleum Reservoir Engineering I

2019/20 Fall
Problem Set-2 (Solutions)

1. Below is the solution for 2400 psia, starting from the solution for 2700 psia:
N  G  G 
p p p
P (psia) N N So kg /ko R (SCF/STB) Rav (SCF/STB) N
assumed M BE GOR

2700 psia solution 0.155 246.3 0.61 0.051 1902.9 1697.0 245.8

Guesses for 0.15 397.3 0.60 0.073 2087.6 1995.2 236.1

0.17 397.5 0.58 0.114 2543.0 2223.0 279.4

2400
psia
0.19
0.21
397.6
397.8
0.57
0.55
0.179
0.279
3255.5
4369.7
2579.2
3136.3
336.3
418.6
0.23 397.9 0.54 0.437 6112.4 4007.7 546.6

2400 psia solution 0.206 397.7 0.56 0.255 4105.3 3004.1 399.3

600

500

400
Gp/N (SCF/STB)

300
Solution for 2400 psia

200

GMBE (SCF*N)
Gp/N (MBE)
100
Gp/N (GOR)
GGOR (SCF*N)

0
0.14 0.16 0.18 0.20 0.22 0.24
Np/N assumed

2. Below is the solution for 1200 psia, starting from the solution for 1500 psia:

N  G 
p p
P (psia) N So kg /ko R1 (SCF/STB) R2 (SCF/STB) Rav (SCF/STB) N Rp2 LHS
assumed

1500 psia solution 0.091 0.757 0.0939 2206.3 4243.6 3224.9 207.6 2291.0 1.00

Guesses for 0.100 0.7260 0.1464 4243.6 5204.3 4724.0 251.9 2519.3 0.67
0.110 0.7179 0.1599 4243.6 5594.5 4919.0 302.9 2754.1 0.81
1200 0.120 0.7098 0.1735 4243.6 5984.7 5114.1 357.9 2982.2 0.97
psia 0.130 0.7018 0.1870 4243.6 6374.8 5309.2 416.7 3205.3 1.15
0.140 0.6937 0.2006 4243.6 6765.0 5504.3 479.4 3424.4 1.33

1200 psia solution 0.122 0.7086 0.1755 4243.6 6043.2 5143.4 366.4 3016.0 1.00

1.4

1.2

1.0

0.8
LHS

0.6

0.4

0.2

0.0
0.090 0.100 0.110 0.120 0.130 0.140
Np/N (assumed)
3. Calculating the dimensionless radius:

re 40000
rd = = =8
ro 5000
Calculating the initial water volume in the aquifer:

π × (re2 − ro2 ) × h × φ × θ π × (400002 − 50002 ) × 20 × 0.2 × 360

Wi = = = 3525 × 106 bbls
360 ∗ 5.615 360 ∗ 5.615

Calculating the maximum water influx:

Wei = ct × Pi × Wi = 7 × 10−6 × 3000 × 3525 × 106 = 74 × 106 bbls

Calculating the productivity index, J:

0.00708kh θ 0.00708 × 500 × 20 360

J= = = 42.6bbl/day/psi
µln(rd ) 360 0.8ln(8) 360

Since ∆t is fixed at 365 days, the constant term in the water influx equation can be calculated as:

−J∗pi∆t −42.6×3000×365
1−e Wei
=1−e 74×106 = 0.467

Average pressure at the OWC can be calculated from:

pOW C,n + pOW C,n−1

p̄rn =
2
Water influx volume at each time interval can be calculated from:

Wei −Jpi ∆t
∆We = (paq,n−1 − p̄rn ) × 1 − e Wei
pi
Finally, average aquifer pressure at the end of the time step (paq(n) ) can be calculated from:
 
(We )n
paq(n) = pi 1 −
Wei

t, years pr , psia p̄rn , psia paq(n−1) − p̄rn , psia (∆We )n , MMbbl (We )n , MMbbl paq(n) , psia

0 3000 3000 0.0 0.000 0.000 3000.0

1 2923 2961.5 38.5 0.444 0.444 2982.0
2 2880 2901.5 80.5 0.928 1.372 2944.4
3 2848 2864 80.4 0.927 2.299 2906.8
4 2821 2834.5 72.3 0.834 3.133 2873.0
5 2800 2810.5 62.5 0.721 3.853 2843.8
6 2780 2790 53.8 0.620 4.474 2818.7
4. Calculating re , ro , and rd :

r r
Ares + Aaq 686 × 106 + 19.6 × 106
re = = = 14986.6f t
π π

r r
Ares 19.6 × 106
ro = = = 2497.8f t
π π

re 14986.6
rd = = =6
ro 2497.8
Calculating U constant:

θ 360
U = 1.119φct ro2 h = 1.119 × 0.25 × 7.01 × 10−6 × 2497.82 × 10 × = 122bbl/d/psi
360 360
Calculating td /t:

td 0.0002637k
= = 2.28 × 10−4
t φµct ro2

By multiplying the time values provided with 2.28 × 10−4 , td can be calculated. From water influx tables,
it is observed that if rd =6, the aquifer is infinite-acting when td < 6. Therefore we can use the infinite
acting values for the water influx constant, WeD up to td =6:

t, yrs t, hrs td WeD (6, td )

0 0 0 0
0.5 4380 1 1.569
1 8760 2 2.447
1.5 13140 3 3.202
2 17520 4 3.893
2.5 21900 5 4.539
3 26280 6 5.153

Volume of water influx can be calculated using the superposition principle, by considering the effect of
each pressure drop that happened. The phenomenon of pressure drops are illustrated in the figure below.
Considering this phenomenon, water influx calculation equations of superposition principle are as follows.
 ∆p, psia

∆p1=40 psia

∆p2=60 psia

∆p3=94 psia

∆p4=186 psia

∆p5=110 psia

∆p6=120 psia

Time, years
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3

• Until Year-1, ∆p1 is in effect for 0.5 years (or for a duration of td =1). Therefore:

We,1 = U ∆p1 WeD (6, 1)

• Until Year-2, ∆p1 is in effect for 1.5 years (or for a duration of td =3), ∆p2 is in effect for 1.0 years
(or for a duration of td =2), ∆p3 is in effect for 0.5 years (or for a duration of td =1). Therefore:

We,2 = U (∆p1 WeD (6, 3) + ∆p2 WeD (6, 2) + ∆p3 WeD (6, 1))

• Until Year-3, ∆p1 is in effect for 2.5 years (or for a duration of td =5), ∆p2 is in effect for 2.0 years
(or for a duration of td =4), ∆p3 is in effect for 1.5 years (or for a duration of td =3), ∆p4 is in effect
for 1.0 years (or for a duration of td =4), ∆p5 is in effect for 0.5 years (or for a duration of td =1).

We,3 = U (∆p1 WeD (6, 5) + ∆p2 WeD (6, 4) + ∆p3 WeD (6, 3) + ∆p4 WeD (6, 2) + ∆p5 WeD (6, 1))

As a result, water influx volumes are found as 7679, 51678 and 164,418 bbls, for after 1 year, 2 years
and 3 years, respectively as tabulated below:

t, yrs t, hrs ∆p, psia td We , bbls

0 0 ∆p0 0 0
0.5 4380 ∆p1 40 1
1 8760 ∆p2 60 2 7,679
1.5 13140 ∆p3 94 3
2 17520 ∆p4 186 4 51,678
2.5 21900 ∆p5 110 5
3 26280 ∆p6 120 6 164,418