1

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

The school year 2016-2017 marks the start of senior

high school in the Philippines as part of the Kto12 program
implemented by the Department of Education (DepEd) (DepEd,
2016). There are several tracks in the Kto12 curriculum and
within this tracks are ‘subtracks’ or what they refer to as
“strands”. Before entering senior high school, students need
to select one track and a strand. According to an online
source Psychology.com (2017), adolescence is the stage where
major decisions and deep concerns affect the courses of
their lives, in this case choosing the best track and
strand.

There are a lot of factors affecting the senior high

school track preferences, according to the students of Don
Bosco Technology Center, Inc. (2015), these factors are
namely personality, family, interest, and job opportunities.
Additional to their claims, the research group of Ouaro
(2019) said that interest, peer influence, and future job
opportunities are factors that affected the choices of their
respondents. Another factor is from the government, DepEd
conducts the National Career Assessment Examination (NCAE)
to help students decide what career to pursue in college
(Philippine Congress, 2013).
 2

Background of the Study

The school year 2016-2017 marks the start of senior

high school in the Philippines as part of the Kto12 program
implemented by the Department of Education (DepEd) (DepEd,
2016). There are four career paths in the program: academic
track, art and design track, sports track, and technical-
vocational track. The academic track is further divided into
‘subtracks’ or what they refer to as “strands”. Under the
academic track, four strands are available: Accountancy and
Business Management (ABM), Humanities and Social Sciences
(HUMSS), General Academic Strand (GAS), Science, Technology,
Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM). Hence, before entering
senior high school, students need to select one track from
these choices.

Adolescence is the stage where major decisions and deep

concerns affect the courses of their lives. Most adolescents
are pressured to perform and succeed, which experience
severe stress in meeting these expectations (Psychology.com,
2017). It is in this stage when teenagers need guidance in
the proper selection of their desired careers. Where, they
will arrive at the right decision considering their innate
capacities, educational privilege offered to the students
and other resources that society makes available for them to
be more efficient and affective (DepEd, 2017).

Respect for family is one of the most influential

factors that impact Filipino students’ career decision. “Out
of respect and loyalty, it may not be appropriate to express
personal desires; rather, one may alter one’s interests to
maintain harmony.” As a sign of respect, Filipino children
want to do well for the sake of the family, follow parents’
 3

advice about choosing a job or major in college and lastly,

make sacrifices for the family (Finlayson, 2019). For
practicality reasons, it also reported that parents usually
encourage careers that will not cost much money, but at the
same time, are stable sources of income. Careers in Nursing,
Accounting, and Engineering are highly popular for Filipino
families (Saysay, 2011). In an online blog article by
Angerman, family background is one of the major factors to
examine for those who seek career guidance. When talking
about “family background issues”, the extent of influence of
the parents and the extended family has on the person is at
focus both at positive and negative ways. This includes the
place where he grew up, the economic realities facing the
family, illness, the countries of origin, among others
(Angerman, 2009).

DepEd conducts the National Career Assessment Test

(NCAE) to help students decide what career to pursue in
college. The goal of NCAE is to evaluate the students’
skills based on a standardized test. Aside from giving a
measures of the skills, NCAE also provides recommendations
on about types of jobs are suitable for the students
(Philippine Congress, 2013). However, the information the
NCAE offers is just one of the many aspects the student may
consider in choosing a career track.

There are many opportunities that wait for every career

that one wants to pursue. Some people may stumble upon
better occupation opportunities. Investigating for career
opportunities is well worth taking time (Mind Trolls, 2014).

According to Pascual (2014), students’ first

consideration in choosing career path to pursue is the
 4

availability of work after college. (Voech, 2016), concluded

that the students’ social interaction with teachers,
parents, and peers affect the students’ career choice.
(Abarro, 2016), in his study, showed that gender, average
monthly income, school preference, occupation of the head of
the household are associated to the career choice of Grade 9
students. According to (Alexander, 2010), the three most
important motivators of the students in choosing a career
are good salary, stable job, and low stress.

Statement of the Problem

The general objective of this study is to determine the

top 3 leading factors affecting the choice of strand of the
Grade 11 ABM SHS students of Dr. Vicente F. Gustilo Memorial
National High School, School Year 2019-2020.

Specifically, this sought to answer to the following

questions:

1. What is the profile of the respondents in term of:

1.1 Student-respondents
1.1.1 Sex
1.1.2 Age
1.1.3 Socio-economic Status
2. What are the top three (3) leading factors that
influenced the students’ choice of strand?
2.1 Personal Interest
2.2 Parental Influence
2.3 Job Opportunities
2.4 Personal Capabilities
2.5 Financial Capacity
2.6 NCAE Result
 5

Conceptual framework

Factors

 Personal
Interest
Grade 11-  Parental Choice
ABM influence
of strand
students  Peer influence
 Job
opportunities
 Financial
capacity
 Mental
capacity
 NCAE result

Figure 1: Conceptual Framework

Scope and Limitations

The main purpose of the study is to determine the

leading factors affecting the choice of strand of Grade 11-
ABM students. The study considers different factors that
influenced students in choosing their strand such as
Personal Interest, Parental influence, Peer influence, Job
opportunities, financial capacity, mental capacity, and NCAE
result. The researcher’s limited their study to male and
female enrolled in the first semester of academic year 2019-
2020 of Dr. Vicente F. Gustilo Memorial National High
School. Each of the respondents was given a survey
questionnaire to answer. The students selected came from the
only two different sections of ABM strand to prevent bias
and get objective perceptions.
 6

Significance of the study

The study must be conducted to find out the most

influential factor that affects students in choosing their
strand in Dr. Vicente F. Gustilo Memorial National High
School. The result of this study is beneficial to students,
to the parents, teachers, community, school administration,
researchers and other interested individuals because this
can give empirical data as bases for future studies.

This study will also benefit incoming grade 11 students

because it will give them information about the factors that
might influence them. This paper will guide them to weigh
the factors which they think is helpful for them.

This study will also benefit the parents to enable them

to realize their great role in influencing, motivating and
educating their child. This study too will make the parents
aware that their influence has an impact to their child.

The study will also benefit the teachers on the steps

to take for they could be informed why students chose the
strand to help students grow and nurture their skills and
abilities.

The researchers hope that the result of this study

would be a great help to future researchers and to all
people who are interested to know more about factors and how
influential they could be in students for choosing their
strand.

Definition of terms
 7

The conceptual definition of the term exit is “the act

of leaving a situation” (Merriam-Webster’s 2019). In this
paper, the term exit is used to mean “the optional courses
that offers the student for specialization in academic,
technical-vocational, sports and arts, and entrepreneurship.
There are three exits after senior high school; business,
college or work”

The conceptual definition of the term parent means “the

biological or adoptive mother and the legal father of the
child” (Oregon laws 2007). In this report, parents refers to
the primary caregivers of young children in the home. In
addition to biological and adoptive parents, main caregivers
may include kinship (e.g., grandparents), foster, and other
types of caregivers.

The dictionary definition of the term peer means “one

belonging to the same societal group especially based on
age, grade or status” (Merriam-Webster’s 2019). In this
study, peer refers to the person including friends and
classmates who are likely to influence the student’s choice
of strand in senior high school.

The dictionary definition of the term influence is “the

capacity or power of persons or things to be a compelling
force on or produce effects on the actions, behavior,
opinions, etc. of others” (Collins English dictionary 2012).
In this paper, influence means the extent to which parents,
 8

peer and other said factors in the study affect the choice
of the student.

The dictionary defines the term opportunity as “an

occasion or situation which makes it possible to do
something that you want to do or have to do” (Cambridge
dictionary 2019).

In this report, opportunities refer to favorable juncture of

circumstances favorable employment or pursuing a career,
e.g. trends, high pay, job opportunities.

The dictionary definition of the term interest is “a

feeling that accompanies or causes special attention to
something or someone” (Merriam-Webster’s 2019). In this
paper, interest means the qualities of things that make the
students want to learn more or engage his/her self.
 9

CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

One significant reform in Philippine Educational System

is the implementation of K to 12 program. It’s goal is for
the development of a holistically developed Filipino with
the 21st century skills who are ready for employment,
entrepreneurship, middle level skills development and higher
education upon graduation from Grade 12 (The K to 12 Basic
Education Program, 2012). The school year 2016-2017 marks
the start of senior high school in the Philippines as part
of the K to 12 program implemented by the Department of
Education (DepEd) (Department of Education, 2016). Career
decidedness at early stages produces positive effects on
student performance, college completion, and professional
development. Emerging adults are taking 5 to 10 years longer
to make career decisions than non-emerging adults (Lehman &
Konstam, 2011). Being adolescent can be extremely lonely. It
is not unusual to have a feeling that there is no one turn
to when problems come arise. This is the stage where major
decisions and deep concerns affect the courses of their
lives. Most adolescents are pressured to perform and
succeed, which experiences severe stress in meeting these
expectations (Psychology.com, 2017). It is this stage when
teenager needs guidance in the proper selection of their
desired career. Where, they will arrive at the right
decision considering their innate capacities, educational
privilege offered to the students and other resources that
society makes available for them to be more efficient and
effective (DepEd 2017). Career exploration is defined as the
 10

extent to which possible careers are researched and

considered olaosebikan and olusakin (2014). Choosing the
right career path is one of the most important things you
can do for yourself and your family (Sara Melone, 2017).
Career choice is a complex decision for undergraduate
students since it determines the kind of profession that a
student intends to pursue in life. As students try to make
career choices, they face problems of matching their career
preferences with their abilities in amongst students, a
study to examine factors that influence career choices among
students was undertaken. Factors of interest included were
peer influences, gender, parental influence, job
opportunities and personal interest. DepEd conducts the
National Career Assessment Examination (NCAE) to help
students decide what career to pursue in college. The goal
of NCAE is to evaluate the students’ skills based on a
standardized. Aside from giving a measure of the skills,
NCAE also provides recommendations on what types of job are
suitable for the students (Philippines Congress 2013).
According to Pascual (2014), students’ first consideration
in choosing career path to pursue is the availability of
work after college. Koech and his colleagues (2016)
concluded that the students’ social interactions with
teachers, parents, and peers affect the students’ career
choice showed that the gender average monthly income, school
preference, occupation of the head of the household, and the
average scholastic ratings are associated to the career
choice of Grade 9 students (Abarro 2016) .Alexander (2010),
the three most important motivators of students in choosing
a career are good salary, stable job and low stress. Shumba
and Naong (2012) found out that the family is a significant
factor in determining children’s career choice, the ability
 11

of the learner self to identify his preferred career choice,

and teachers influence career choice of their learners.
Ouano (2019) the result show that the considerations about
the institutions as most significant, followed by decision-
making and interest, peer influence and future job
opportunities. La (2009) on factors influencing the
educational and career choices of senior high school
revealed that parent’s supports, school structure, gender
and grade point average have considerable influence on
Vietnamese Senior high school students’ educational and
career choice, in same year. Leonardo (2019) study on high
school students’ course selection decisions in South
Carolina found out that parents and teachers are highly
influential in the course selection decision. The findings
revealed that the availability of work after college is the
first consideration of students in choosing a course in
college. The BOPI results showed that most of the student-
respondents are suited to take professional courses.
Students’ preferred course is revealed to their BOPI result
as well as to their father’s occupation. Other factors such
as Mother’s occupation. Monthly family income. Students’
sibling position and students’ third year general average
grades are not related to the students’ preferred course in
college to their BOPI results. BOPI results are
significantly related to the students’ elective course
grades. Most of the literature gathered talks about the
factors that affects career preferences or choices, namely
personality, family, interests, and job opportunities, which
would specialized in senior high school of the K-12
curriculum. Research by (Navin, 2009) has suggested that
exploring career options before committing to a career
increases future career success and satisfaction. Lastly,
 12

how family values impact their career decision-making.

Through this research study, I found that participants rely
heavily on their family’s decision. Students coped by
following their parents’ advice. They also have to cope with
an expectation of financially supporting the family upon
completing their education.
 13

CHAPTER 3

METHODOLOGY

This chapter contains the research design and the

methodology used in the conduct of this study. It
incorporates the sampling technique, sources of data, the
research subjects, population of the study, the instrument
utilized to gather data, as well as the statistical tools
employed in processing the data. This chapter is showing how
the researcher came to the necessary data for this study,
and how these data were analyzed, interpreted, and presented
in the easiest way possible.

Research Methodology

This study utilized the descriptive method of research

to determine the top three leading factors that affect the
senior high school track and strand preference of the Grade
11 ABM students of Dr. Vicente F. Gustilo Memorial National
High School of the School Year 2019-2020. It would see if
dependent variables relating to personal interest, parental
influence, peer influence, job opportunities, financial
capacity, personal capability, and NCAE results were
significant leading factors influencing the track and strand
preferences of the respondents. This descriptive research
would use quantitative methods to assess the feedback from
the respondents.

The research design, depicted in figure 2, follows an

Input-Process-Output framework. The Input portion includes
the socio-demographic profile of the respondents and the
factors that affect their preference. The Process portion
includes determining the leading factors that affect their
preference. And at the end, the Output portion would have
 14

the leading factors that affect the track and strand

preference of Grade 11 ABM students of Dr. Vicente F.
Gustilo Memorial National High School which can be used as
basis for a career guidance program.

OUTPUT PROCESS

 Leading Factors  Tallying Data

 Basis for a  Finding the
Career Mean of the
Guidance Factors
Program

INPUT

* Socio-Demographic
Profile

* Factors that Affect

their Preferences

Figure 2: Research Design Framework

Subjects\Respondents of the Study

The research respondents in this study are all of the

Grade 11 students of the ABM strand of Dr. Vicente F.
 15

Gustilo Memorial National High School of school year 2019-

2020. The whole batch is divided into (2) two sections. From
the total population of 80 students, the study garnered 85%
or 68 respondent turnout.

Sampling Technique

The sampling technique used by the researchers is

Purposive sampling due to the fact that the whole population
of the respondents are picked and all are qualified for the
criteria by the researchers.

Inclusion Criteria

1. Must be under the ABM strand

2. A Grade 11 student

3. Studies in Dr. Vicente F. Gustilo Memorial National

High School.

The inclusion criteria are considered to avoid bias

actions from the researchers.

Research Instruments

For this study, a survey rating scale/questionnaire was

used to gather the respondents’ feedback. Part I of the
questionnaire covers the socio-demographic profile of the
respondent; such as age, gender, and socio-economic status.
Part II covers the factors affecting the students’ choice of
strand wherein they would rate each item on a scale from 1
to 3, with 1 as “most leading and 3 as “least leading”.

Procedures of Data Gathering

 16

Approval to distribute the questionnaires and conduct

the study was secured from the school principal. The survey-
questionnaire was created originally and was subjected for
validation. The factors listed were based on the research
made. The researchers then distributed the survey forms and
conducted the study personally.

Table 1: Rating/Ranking Survey-questionnaire on the

Factors Affecting the Grade 11 ABM Choice of Strand

Factors Rank
Personal Interest
Parental Influence
Job Opportunities
Personal Capabilities
Financial Capacity
Others (please
specify):

Statistical Treatment of Data

For Part I, covers the profiling of the respondents

and frequencies.

For Part II, mean was used with the following formula.

x=
∑ ( f ∗w)
n
 17

where:

x= mean

∑ x= summation of the products of each frequency and

the assigned weight.

n= number of respondents

The following describes the weight and the mean range

of the degree of influence, represented by each point.

Weig Mean Range Description

ht

Very Much Influenced/Leading

5 3.34-5.00
Factor

3 1.67-3.33 Influenced/ Leading Factor

Somewhat Influenced/Leading
1 1.00-1.66
Factor
 18

CHAPTER 4

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

In this chapter, the statistical results of the study

are divided into 2 parts and each have a corresponding
table. The first part consists of the socio-economic profile
of the Grade 11 ABM students of Dr. Vicente F. Gustilo
Memorial National High School, School Year 2019-2020. The
second part of the statistical results consists the leading
factors of the students that affects their choice of strand.
There will also be discussions regarding the data that be
included.

Socio-economic profile of the respondents

Age

Table 2: Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Age

Age Frequency Percentage

16-17 60 88.24%
18 and above 8 11.76%
TOTAL 68 100%

Table 2 clearly shows that majority of the respondents

are 16-17 years old with a frequency of 88.24%. This implies
that the common age of Grade 9 students is between 16-17
years of age.

Gender
 19

Table 3: Frequency and Percentage Distribution by

Gender

Gender Frequency Percentage

Male 15 22.06%
Female 53 77.94%
TOTAL 68 100%

The table clearly shows that the majority of the

student respondents are female consists of 77.94% of the
whole population and the remaining 22.06% are males.

Socio-economic status

Socio-economic status of the respondents was measured

through the annual income of both parents. They are then
classified into high-class (annual income of more than Php
300,000.01), middle-class (annual income ranging from Php
120,000.01 to Php 300,000.00) and low-class (annual income
less than Php 120,000.00).

Table 4: Frequency and Percentage Distribution by Socio-

economic Status.

Socio-economic status Frequency Percentage

High 6 8.82%
Middle 21 30.88%
Low 2 2.94%
Undetermined 39 57.35%
TOTAL 68 100%

One can find “undetermined” category that is added in

the table. That is so because in the course of tabulation,
some respondents did not fill in the specific field and some
put different answers mostly on the reason they did not know
 20

their socio-economic status and were confused about civil

status and socio-economic status.

FACTORS AFFECTING THE STRAND PREFERENCE

Career choice requires self-assessment. Students have

to be well-informed to make wise decisions about careers as
much as information is crucial on making a satisfying career
choice. There is a need to update information in order to
reflect any changes in a self-analysis or in goals. It is
vital that options be open to prepare the students for a
broad range possible careers. This study explores factors
that influenced students’ selection of specific track for
senior high school. Sixty-eight student respondents
ranked/rated the extent career factors influenced students’
strand choice.

Table 5: Extent of the Factors Affecting the Choice of

Strand of the Grade 11 ABM Students

Factors Weighted Mean Description Rank

Personal Interest 4.09 VI 1
Parental Influence 2.94 I 2
Job Opportunities 2.92 I 3
Personal Capability 2.56 I 4
Financial Capacity 1.69 SI 5
NCAE 1.25 SI 6

Mean Range Description

3.34-5.00 Very Much Influenced/Leading

Factor(VI)

1.67-3.33
Influenced/ Leading Factor (I)

1.00-1.66 Somewhat Influenced/Leading

 21

Factor(SI)

Table 5 shows that out of the six (6) factors given by

the researchers, the respondents say that the most leading
factor or ranked as 1st for their choice of strand is
Personal Interest with a 4.09 weighted mean. Parental
influence comes second that has a 2.94 weighted mean
followed by Job Opportunities with a weighted mean of 2.92
and categorized under the ‘Influenced/Leading Factor (I)’
description. This shows that students personal interests is
the main and leading factor why students chose their strand
and parental influence and job opportunities somewhat affect
their preference because the students can rest easy and
trust on the support that their families offer.

CHAPTER 5
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS

The aim of this study is to determine the top three

leading factors that influenced the Grade 11 ABM senior high
 22

school students in choosing their strand specifically, the

ABM. The inclusion criteria were followed as a standard for
choosing the respondents in data gathering. The technique
used upon selection was through purposive sampling and using
survey-questionnaire for gathering data. There were 68
respondents out of 80 grade 11 ABM senior high school
students which are 85% of the population.

The survey-questionnaires were conducted personally by

the researchers to students in their respective classrooms.
Their names were not mentioned for confidentiality.

Summary of the findings

Based on the conducted survey, the profile of the grade

11 senior high school students in terms of age, sex and
socio-economic status of the school year 2019-2020 were
gathered, the researchers found out the following:

1. 88.24% are 16-17 years of age and 11.76% are 18 and

above.
2. 22.06% are male respondents and 77.94% are female.
3. Most of the students belong to the middle-class
family.
4. Personal interests (4.09), parental influence (2.94),
Job opportunities (2.92), Personal capabilities
(2.56), financial capacity (1.69) and NCAE result
(1.25).
 23

the top three leading factors are; Personal interest ranked

as first, interpreted as the most leading factor with 4.09
weighted mean, second leading factor is the parental
influence with 2.94 weighted mean and Job opportunities with
a weighted mean of 2.92, categorized under the
‘Influenced/Leading factor’ description.

Conclusion

Based on the findings of the study, the following

conclusions are drawn:

1. The researchers conclude that the grade 11 senior high

school students of Dr. Vicente F. Gustilo Memorial
National High School, school year 2019-2020 are of ages
16 and above. Majority of the students are female and
do belong to middle-class families.
2. The researchers conclude that the top three leading
factors are; Personal interest ranked as first,
interpreted as the most leading factor with 4.09
weighted mean, second leading factor is the parental
influence with 2.94 weighted mean and Job opportunities
with a weighted mean of 2.92, categorized under the
‘Influenced/Leading factor’ description.

Recommendation

Based on the findings and conclusions presented, the

following recommendations are suggested:

1. The researchers recommend a career guidance program for

students to assess their personality, interests,
 24

skills, strengths, weaknesses and among others. Through

this, students would have a bigger view of the strand
they choose and be guided towards pursuing their
certain careers after senior high school.
2. The researchers recommend for schools to have a seminar
informing students about future careers aligned to a
specific strand
3. Lastly, the researchers recommend for future
researchers to serve this study as the foundation of
knowledge and as instrument to determine advances that
might be conducted to improve studies connected to this
subject.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Abbaro Jo. 2016. Factors affecting career Track and

Strand Choices of grade 9 Students in the division of
 25

Antipolo and Rizal, Philippines international Journal of

scientific and research publications 6(6):51-53

Bizfluent, (2017). Retrieved (August 26, 2019), from

htps://bizfluent.com

Cambridge Dictionary, (2019). Retrieved (September 12,

2019), from https://dictionar.cambridge.org

College Department Don Bosco Technology center, (2015).

Retrieved (August 26, 2019), from http://www.academia.edu

[DepEd] Department of Education, (2016). Retrieved

(August 26, 2019), from https://www.deped.gov.ph

Development of a Senior high school career Decision

tool based on social Cognitive career Theory, (2019).
Retrieved (August 26, 2019) from, philjournal.dost.gov.ph

Factors Affecting Career track and strand choices of

grade 9, (2019). Retrieved (August 26, 2019), from
www.ijsrp.org

Factors Influencing career choices among undergraduate

students in public universities, (2016). Retrieved (August
26, 2019), from www.ijcar.net
 26

Factors Affecting High School Students, (2014).

Retrieved (August 26, 2019), from hhtps://gssrr.org

Gestriada et al.: Development of a Career decision tool

(2017). Retrieved (August 26, 2019), from https://edu.com

Justia, (2016). Retrieved (August 26, 2019), from

https://law.justia.com

Koech J,Bitok J, Ruttod D, Koech S, Okoth Jo, Korib,

Ngala H. 2016. Factors Influencing career choices among
undergraduate students in public universities in Kenya: a
case study of university of eldoret intenational journal of
conyemporary applied sciences 3:50-63

Lehman & Konstam, (2011). Retrieved (August 26, 2019),

from https:// journalsagepub.com

Pascual N. 2014. Factors affecting High School

Student’s Career Preference: A Basis for Career Planning
Program. International Journal of Sciences: Basic and
Applied Research 16:1-14

Psychology.com, (2017). Retrieved (August 26, 2019),

from https://www.psychologytoday.com
 27

ResearchGate, (2012). Retrieved (August 26, 2019), from

https://www.researchgate.net

ResearchGate, (2019). Retrieved (August 26, 2019), from

http://www.researchgate.net

Upper Secondary Male Students’ Perception of nursing as

a Career Choice, (2013).Retrieved (August 26, 2019), from
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Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region VI-Western Visayas
DR. VICENTE F. GUSTILO MEMORIAL NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Division of Cadiz City
Senior High School Department
APPENDIX A
October 14, 2019

DINDO M. AMPALLA
Secondary School Principal IV
Dr.VFGMNHS
 28

Dear Sir:

Greetings of Peace and Prosperity!

We, the undersigned are the Grade 12 ABM Ford
(Accounting and Business Management) students who are
currently conducting a quantitative research study entitled
“Choice of Strand of Grade 12 ABM students of Dr. Vicente
F. Gustilo Memorial National High School, School year 2019-
2020”.
In connection to this, we would like to request from
your good office to allow us to conduct our study inside the
school premises. Rest assured that we, the researchers, will
take precautionary measures towards our safety and the
safety of our respondents. The data gathered will be
strictly for research purposes only and will be kept with
utmost confidentiality.
We are looking forward for your favourable action with
this regard.

Very Truly Yours,

MARC DANIEL S. LECHUZA

Research Team Leader

Noted by:

MAE ROSE S. MACASLING

Practical Research 1 Teacher

Approved by:

DINDO M. AMPALLA
Secondary School Principal IV