FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE

RKDF UNIVERSITY, BHOPAL (MP)-462033

EXPERIENTIAL LEARNING PROGRAMME
PROJECT REPORT
On
MODULE-II
ORGANIC PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY
On
Crop name ( Coriander )

Session- 2019-2020

SUBMITTED TO : SUBMITTED BY :
Mr. Omveer Singh ADITYA DIXIT
Mr. Vivek Gumasta 2223BAG16GT002
B.Sc. (Hons.) Ag. 8th Sem.

FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE
RKDF UNIVERSITY, BHOPAL (MP)-462033
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to give my special thanks and appreciation to

Faculty ofAgriculture of RKDF University. I wish to justify
my sincere gratitude to H.O.D of Faculty of Agriculture, Dr.
Shashi Singh for providing me an opportunity for presenting
project on “Organic Production Technology”.

I am grateful to my teacher, Mr. Omveer Singh

Raghuvanshi&Mr. Vivek Gumasta for his continuous support
for the project, from initial advice & contacts in the early stages
of conceptual inception & through ongoing advice &
encouragement to this day. I would like to express my greatest
gratitude to the people who have helped & supported me
throughout my project. At last but not the least I want to thank
my teammates who appreciated me for my work and motivated
me and finally to God who made all the things possible.

ADITYA DIXIT
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the report on the report on the

project entitled “ORGANIC PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY”
is a bonafide record of the work carried out by ADITYA
DIXIT under guidance toward the partial fulfilment of
requirement for the award of the degree of B.Sc.
(Hons.)Agriculture to the best of my knowledge the
matter embodied in this project is original.

Mr. Omveer Singh Raghuvanshi

Mr. Vivek Gumasta
DATE : 26 JUNE, 2020–
PLACE: (Faculty of Agriculture ) RKDF
UNIVERSITY, BHOPAL
 CONTENT
 Organic Farming
 Crop -Coriander
 Introduction
 Soil and climate
 Layout and mapping
 Field preparation
 Manures — Farmyard manure, compost,
vermicompost
 Seed rate
 Spacing
 Sowing date
 Panchagavya
 Jeevamrit
 Irrigation
 Intercultural operations- Weeding
 Insect protection- Neem based bio-pesticides
 Harvesting
 Post-harvest technology
 Yield
 PROJECT PLANNING REPORT

Introduction

Under the official mandates of the VIII semester in Bs.c Agriculture(hons), the
Experimental Learning program was completed under the careful supervision of
professors.

A team of 10 students were grouped to carry out different crop cultivation activities.
Being part of team “A 1”, we were given the responsibility to manage all agricultural
activities with regard to Coriander. A brief summary of our team activities that were
mutually conducted are- preparation of field for the likeness of coriander i.e.;
moderately deep ploughing with top layer been greatly fined , manual application of
farm yard manure and thorough mixing, pre-sowing irrigation which was then
carried at every 7-14 days interval accordingly, construction of bunds and furrows
prior to first irrigation, sowing of coriander seeds along with radish( at the bunds as a
border crop), application of vermin-compost, and preparation of Panchgavya,
Jeevamrithum, neem extract and their application. Intercultural operations like
weeding, debris removal and channeling were undertaken prior to harvest.

an informative data of the above activity has been mentioned below

ATTRIBUTES DETAILS

Soil Black soil with deep soil profile

( as observed in field ) Fine top soil, clayey loam with good
infiltration rate
Ph 6.8
Ploughing / pulverization 2 times
Length of plot allotted 14.2 m
Width of plot allotted 10.4 m
Distance between plots 50 cm
Seed rate per plot
Area under unit plot
Row to row spacing 30 cm
Plant to plant continuous
Date of sowing 20 December, 2019
Variety Kiran(hybrid)
Intercultural operation conducted Weeding , selection, debris removal and
channeling
Yield obtained 10.34 kg
MATERIALS RECQUIRED FOR THE PREPERATION OF JEEVAMRITHUM
 SUBSTANCE AMOUNT

Water 200 L
Cow dung 10 kg
Cow urine 10 L
Jaggery 1 kg
Flour 2 kg
Soil As needed ( 1kg)

MATERIALS RECQUIRED FOR THE PREPERATION OF NEEM EXTRACT

SUBSTANCE AMOUNT

Water 2.5 L
Neem leaves 01 kg
Cow urine 250 ml
Butter milk 500 ml
Earthen pot 01
Cotton cloth Enough to cover the pot mouth

MATERIALS RECQUIRED FOR THE PREPERATION OF PANCHGAVYA

substance Amount
Cow dung 5 kg
Cow urine 3L
Cow milk 2L
Curd 2 kg
Cow ghee 0.5 kg
Sugarcane juice 3L
Tender coconut juice 3L
Grape juice 2L
Ripe banana 12

Project Report On Organic Farming Of Coriander

 LAYOUT MAPPING

Organic farming
Organic farming is defined as production of crop, animal derivates, and other
productions without the use of synthetic chemical fertilizers and pesticides,
transgenic species or antibiotics and growth enhancing steroids or other chemicals

Organic agriculture aims for the human welfare without any harm to the
environment which is the foundation of human life itself.

CORIANDER

Introduction:-

Coriander is one of the most important and commonly grown vegetables in India.
Coriander is widely understood and consumed as culinary vegetable that enhances
the taste or is processed to make spices and medicines while also containing large
quantities of iron and magnesium. Coriander is grown for its edible leaves consumed
as culinary or toppings in curries and soups. The floral part has a strong aromatic
substance that converts to an alkaloid during seed development giving the seeds a
stringent flavour for which it known for. Apart from the above, the roots are
considered good appetizers when the extracts are consumed in small doses.

Botanical name : Coriandrum sativum

Family : Apiacae

Plant part : Leaves, Seeds, Roots,Flowers

PHYSICO-CLIMATIC RECQUIREMENTS:-

SOIL TYPE: Fairly deep loamy soils is preferred. A wide range of soil is known to grow
able however forms of black and alluvial soils are known for increased production.
Coriander can also be grown in sandy loam, Silt loams and clay loams. Soil should be
medium to rich in organic matter and should be well drained .

ACIDITY OF SOIL (Ph) : Coriander does fair in moderately neutral soil conditions
having a range between 6 and 8.

SEASON : Coriander is grown during the kharif season in most parts of India ,
specially in the Vindhya plate , however, hybrid varieties have been developed that
can withstand below requirement rainfall.

Photoperiod extent of traditional (indigenous) varieties is of that of a long day plant

and developed varieties have adaptable to shorted day period.

TEMPRATURE : 20-30OC is considered the most optimum growing temperature

keeping other factors at constant. The plant is not greatly affected by a variation of
5oC below or above normal growing conditions however their productions is
observed to be impaired.

LAND PREPERATRION AND RECQUIREMENTS:- Coriander has following

requirements:

Fair to moderate soil profile depth.

High porosity and aeration.

Moderate infiltration rates.

To accomplish the above requirements, the soil has to be pulverized/ploughed twice

before sowing manually or mechanically.

Layout mapping:- There are 8 plot each sized of

Length: - 14.2ft(4.4meter)

Width:- 10.4ft(3.2meter)

Distance between each :- app. 50 cm

PROPOGATION: Coriander is seed propagated. However in the field, the seeds were
first sown in the nursery and then manually transplanted into the prepared fields
after 25-30 days of sowing. thus ensuring better establishment and adaptation.

Seed rate :- 600-750 gm/ha

112.64 meter”2 - 2.56

Spacing :-

Row to row = 30*30cm

Date of Seed Sowing = 20 December,2019.

Variety = Kiran

Manures:-Before transplanting crop the fields were applied with well

decomposed manure@250q/ha. FYM were applied in the field and mixed
throughout the field. Top dressing and application of vermin-compost after 5
days of sowing .

In order to maintain a fertile soil, organic matter should be added to it

regularly. If organic farming is being performed on own land since many years,
the soil will have a good nutrient content. Compost / Farmyard manures can also
be added to further enrich the soil while also adding of Panchgavya and
Jeevamrit.

Irrigation :- Irrigation immediately after transplanting and at interval of 7-15 days

ensures adequate and optimum watering and avoid moisture stress at growth .

Intercultural Operations in Coriander farming

Weeding :-
Weeding is very important. The field should be kept weed free , especially in the
initial stage of plant growth as they compete with crop plant and reduce the
production.

Weeding is done in the field with hoe ,after 3 days of previous irrigation when weed
plants start growing . In organic farming every 15 days weed should be removed
from field .If they are growing regularly in plot ,after removing of weed from field it
should be burned or compressed in soil to, prevent dispersion of their seed around
the field.hoeing between the row not only check weeds but also reduce the number
of irrigation while increasing infiltration and aeration property.

Weeding should be started as soon as the plants are set in the field. It should be
shallow so as not to disturb the root system. To produce solid
curds, cauliflower plants should be earthed up about 56 weeks after transplanting.
 Disease description and management

DISEASE NAME CAUSAL ORGANISM MAJOR SYMPTOMS MANAGEMENT

LEAF SPOT Erwinia carotowora Water soaked lesions Well drained soil
at petioles. preparation.
Sunken and brown Avoid causing physical
around the petioles. damage to the crops.
Use of clean and
disinfected
instruments
CAROT MOTLEY Carot redleaf virus Yellowish-red Avoid planting in or
DWARF coloured leaves. previously planted
Stunted growth. carot field.
Control aphids as they
are considered the
major vectors.
DAMPING OFF Pythium spp. Undeveloped or Well drained soil
unviable seeds. conditions.
Rapid seedling death. Raised bed.
Seed treatment with
any traditional
fungicide.

Special Cultural Practices undertaken

As the coriander had to be grown for the production of seeds also, a section of the
crop field was kept un harvested to complete flowering stage of the plant. apart
from the above, Radish were sown around the borders of field as a border crop.
 Insect pest management

PEST NAME MAJOR SYMPTOMS MANAGEMENT

ARMY WORM Highly consumed and skeletal Traditional practices of crop rotation
Psuedalatia unipuncta leaves. and intercropping are recommended.
CUTWORMS Severed stems at soil line. Remove debris from previously
Agrottis spp. Highly consumed foliage. cultivated farms.
Mulching is recommended using non-
biodegradable products.
Though none of the diseases or pest had infected the field , no major management
practiced had to be undertaken. however, traditional practices of neem extract bio-
pesticide application were conducted.

Harvesting :

Coriander is a ready to harvest culinary vegetable once the foliage has reached
maturity. Conventionally, traditional varieties fetch more market price when
harvested at the very onset flowering, when the aromatic content is highest.

Preparation of Panchgavya

Introduction-

Panchgavya is a special bio-enhancer which is prepared from 5 product obtained

from cow i.e. cow dung, urine ,milk, curd & ghee .Dr. Natrajan a medical practitioner
and scientist from TNAU ,has further refined the formulation suiting to the
requirement of various horticulture & Agriculture crop . (IAA,GA) required for plant
growth.

Material Required –
Cow dung – 5 kg
Cow Urine – 3L
Cow Milk – 2L
 Curd – 2 kg
Cow Ghee – ½ kg
Sugarcane Juice – 3L
Tender Coconut Juice – 3L
Grape Juice – 2L
Ripe Banana – 1 Dozen
Container – Wiper Opening

Procedure of Preparation of Panchgavya –

1. Take a container of wide opening, don’t use a metal container make it clean and
sun dry it for a day or two to sterilize it.

2. Mix the cow dung and Ghee in the container using a wooden stick. Stir it in
clockwise direction in a rhythmic motion. Then stir in anti clockwise. Don’t mix
vigorously. It will kill the bacterial /microbes beneficial in cow dung.

3. Cover the container using thick cloth to protect it from insects. Leave this mixture
for three days. Keep it away from direct sunlight and rain. Give it a stir in the
morning and once in the evening.

4. On the 4th day, slowly stir in all ingredients. Make sure mixing the mixture in a
single direction slowly.

5. Leave it to ferment for 15 days..

Dosage of Panchgavya –

3% of the solution in water i.e. 3L of Panchgavya to every 100L of water, is the most
appropriate proportion for spraying.

Frequency of Use –
Before Flowering – Once in 15 days (2 spray)
Flowering Stage – Once in 10 days (2 spray)
 Fruit bearing stage – Once.

Preparation of Jeevamrit

Jeevamrit, popularized by Shri Subhash Palekar, is considered to be a panacea for the

prosperity of small farmers. It is important to provide a congenial environment to
microorganisms that help in making available the essential nutrients for plant growth
viz., nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, to the plants. Jeevamrit provides such an
environment to beneficial microbes. Application of Jeevamrutha to soil improves the
soil considerably. It also encourages microbial activity in the soil.

Material Required – (For 1 Acre)

Water – 200L
Cow Dung – 10kg
Cow urine – 10L
Jaggery – 1kg
Flour – 2kg
Soil – Approx Hand Full

Procedure of Preparation of Jeevamrit –

1. Take 100L water in container and add 10kg cowdung and 10L of cow urine.

2. Mix well with the help of wooden stick & add 2kg juggery, 2kg flour. Mix this
solution well
with wooden stick.
3. Keep this solution for fermentation for 5-7 days , shake the solution regularly
three times a day.
4. Used a soil application either by sprinkling or by applying through irrigation water.
Three
application are needed one before sowing second after 20 days of sowing and third
after 45
days of sowing.

How to use jeevamrit-

Jeevamrutham can be used in 3 ways

1) Through irrigation water canal
2) Sprinkler/ Spray
3) Drip Irrigation.

Make sure to provide the complete 200 liters of Jeevamrit to one acre.

Filter the mixture before it gets clogged in sprinkler or drip.
You can also pour Jeevamrutham to the roots of the crops. If its fruit tree, Add
Jeevamrutham little outside the shadow of the tree. The use of Jeevamrutham –  Can
be sprayed on the crops or fruit plants, which acts as growth hormones, antifungal,
and anti harmful bacteria spray.

Jeevamrit application by hand-

 When there is water scarcity or no sprayer available, still we can use

Jeevamrit.
 The first month after seed sowing or transplanting seedlings add one cup
(50ml) Jeevamrit in between two main vegetable plants on the surface of
the soil. Repeat this once or twice or even thrice a month.
 Repeat the same for every month for four months till the harvest is
completed.
 Preparation of bio pesticide

Neem based bio pesticide –

Material Required –
Neem Leaves – 1kg
Water – 2.5L
Cow urine – 250ml
Butter milk – 500ml
Earthen pot - 1
Cotton cloth -1

Procedure of Preparation of Neem based bio pesticide –

1. Take a clean earthen pot.

2. Make the Neem leaves finely chopped.
3. Mix all the ingredients in the earthern pot.
4. Finely mix it using wooden stick.
5. Leave it for 22 days for fermentation
Dosage - 25ml/ltr.
 COST OF CULTIVATION

Operational cost (Labour wages)

S.No Name of operation No.Of Price per Human Machine

labour unit labour labour

1. Ploughing 2 150 100 200

2. Sowing 2 100 200 -

3. Manure 1 40 (3 times) 120

4. Spraying 1 25 (2 times) 50

5. Weeding 1 50(3 times)+ 25

0
100

6. Harvesting 1 250 250

Total operational cost incurred : Rs. 1170

Material Cost

S. Particulars Amount value

No
1. Seed 50 gm 50 Rs.
2. Manure
FYM 1Q Rs. 40
 Vermin compost Rs. 450
3. Irrigation 4 times Rs. 400

Total material cost : Rs. 940

Total estimated cost = Operational labour cost + material cost

= Rs. 2110

Gross income = Rs. 430*8

= Rs 3440

Net income = Rs.1330

Cost benefit ratio = 3440 / 2110

=1.63