Late Edition
Today, rather cloudy, mild for early
VOL. CLXV . . . No. 57,132
President Obama greeting families in an overflow room on Wednesday after speaking at the Islamic Society of Baltimore mosque.
REPUBLICANS WOO Obama, at Mosque, Speaks Out for Muslims
CENTRIST WOMEN
Warns Americans Not
Candidates Take Softer
Tone Before Primary
By ALEXANDER BURNS
and ASHLEY PARKER
MANCHESTER, N.H. — The
Republican presidential race has
seemed at times like a contest of
schoolyard insults and chest-
thumping machismo. With Don-
ald J. Trump leading the way, the
campaign has repeatedly de-
scended into a kind of primal
struggle among men, each seek-
ing to outdo his rivals through
brutish intimidation.
But as the race has moved to
New Hampshire, its tone has qui-
etly, but noticeably, changed:
Candidates who once vied to
throw the hardest rhetorical
punch are campaigning in gen-
tler terms, emphasizing their
compassion and human frailty,
and especially their concern for
women and families.
The adjustment is no coinci-
dence: New Hampshire women,
many of them independents or
moderate Republicans — some
supporting abortion rights —
have emerged as perhaps the
Continued on Page A15
NEW HAMPSHIRE The Democratic
rivals clashed over progressivism
at a town hall forum. PAGE A14
Mayor Wants a Streetcar Line
To Link Brooklyn and Queens
By MICHAEL M. GRYNBAUM
In a major reimagining of the
New York City waterfront, Mayor
Bill de Blasio is set to propose a
streetcar line that would snake
along the East River in Brooklyn
and Queens, a 16-mile scenic ride
that would be his administration’s
most ambitious urban engineer-
ing project to date.
The plan, to be unveiled on
Thursday in the mayor’s State of
the City speech, calls for a line that
runs aboveground on rails embed-
ded in public roadways and flows
alongside automobile traffic — a
sleeker and nimbler version of
San Francisco’s trolleys.
By winding along the East
River, the streetcars would vastly
expand transportation access to a
INTERNATIONAL A4-10
Messages From a Brutal Past
Letters from political prisoners, uncov-
ered in the past decade, offer a glimpse
into Taiwan’s buried history. PAGE A4
Syria Talks Temporarily Halted
The United Nations suspended negotia-
tions aimed at ending Syria’s civil war
as the fighting continued. PAGE A6
© 2016 The New York Times
By GARDINER HARRIS
WASHINGTON — President
Obama on Wednesday embraced
Muslims in the United States as
part of “one American family”
and implicitly criticized the Re-
publican presidential candidates
in a warning to citizens to not be
“bystanders to bigotry.”
In a visit to the Islamic Society
of Baltimore, his first to a mosque
in the United States as president,
Mr. Obama recited phrases from
the Quran and praised American
Muslims as a crucial part of
America’s history and vital to the
nation’s future.
“And so if we’re serious about
freedom of religion — and I’m
speaking now to my fellow Chris-
tians who remain the majority in
this country — we have to un-
derstand an attack on one faith is
an attack on all our faiths,” Mr.
Obama said.
Although Mr. Obama never
mentioned Republican presiden-
tial candidates like Donald J.
Trump, who has called for a tem-
porary ban on Muslims entering
the United States, the targets in
his remarks were clear. “We have
to reject a politics that seeks to
manipulate prejudice or bias, and
targets people because of reli-
gion,” he said.
The speech served as a book-
end to a 2009 address Mr. Obama
delivered at Cairo University,
where he called for “a new be-
ginning between the United
States and Muslims around the
world.” In Baltimore, the presi-
dent did not talk about intrac-
bustling stretch of the city that
has undergone rapid develop-
ment — from the industrial cen-
ters of Sunset Park, Brooklyn, to
the upper reaches of Astoria,
Queens — but remains relatively
isolated from the subway.
For Mr. de Blasio, a Democrat
focused on social reform, the plan
also represents a shift to the kind
of ambitious Robert Moses-style
planning that New Yorkers more
often associate with his predeces-
sor, former Mayor Michael R.
Bloomberg, who made trans-
portation a hallmark of his tenure.
The streetcar system, which
would realize a long-held fantasy
of the city’s urban planners, is ex-
Continued on Page A20
NATIONAL A11-17
Military’s Family Backup Plan
To provide some peace of mind over
possible battle injuries, the military has
created a pilot program to pay troops to
freeze their sperm and eggs. PAGE A12
Cosby Case Allowed to Proceed
Prosecutors are not bound by a 2005 de-
cision not to charge Bill Cosby with sex
assault, a judge said.
NEW YORK A18-21
Durst Pleads Guilty in Gun Case
Robert A. Durst, who entered his plea in
Louisiana, can now be sent to Los Ange-
les to face murder charges.
NEW YORK, THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 4, 2016
to Be ‘Bystanders
to Bigotry’
table international conflicts like
the Israeli-Palestinian dispute
and focused instead on the more
prosaic reality of vandalized
mosques and bullied American
Muslim children.
“These children are just like
mine,” Mr. Obama said. “And the
notion that they would be filled
with doubt and questioning their
places in this great country of
ours at a time when they’ve got
enough to worry about — it’s
Still Reaching for Europe
Braving winter, rough seas and more, tens of thousands of migrants arrived in Europe last month
from the Middle East, Africa and beyond, a dramatic increase over January 2015. Page A6.
A Magnetic N.F.L. Star, Sapped of Spirit by a Disease of the Brain
By JOHN BRANCH
Shortly before he died in July,
the former N.F.L. quarterback
Ken Stabler was rushed away by
doctors, desperate to save him, in
a Mississippi hospital. His long-
time partner followed the scrum
to the elevator, holding his hand.
She told him that she loved him.
Stabler said that he loved her,
too.
BUSINESS DAY B1-9
Redstone Steps Down at CBS
PAGE A12 The media mogul Sumner Redstone, 92,
faces heat from stockholders and a suit
challenging his competence.
A Reality Check for Start-Ups
Companies like Dropbox, once valued at
PAGE A18
$10 billion, are facing more skeptical in-
vestors, Farhad Manjoo writes. PAGE B1
DREW ANGERER FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
hard being a teenager already —
that’s not who we are.”
Although President George W.
Bush visited a mosque in Wash-
ington within six days of the Sept.
11, 2001, terrorist attacks to re-
assure American Muslims, Mr.
Obama, a Christian, brushed
aside requests for a visit for
years in part because 43 percent
of Republicans and 29 percent of
Americans think he is a Muslim,
according to a CNN/ORC poll
last September. Aides feared a
mosque visit would feed into that
perception.
But in the final year of his pres-
idency, Mr. Obama has lost much
of his reticence in addressing is-
sues like race, addiction and reli-
gion, often in very personal
Continued on Page A17
“I turned my head to wipe the
tears away,” his partner, Kim
Bush, said recently. “And when I
looked back, he looked me dead
in the eye and said, ‘I’m tired.’”
They were the last words any-
one in Stabler’s family heard him
speak.
“I knew that was it,” Bush said.
“I knew that he had gone the dis-
tance. Because Kenny Stabler
was never tired.”
The day after Stabler died on
OBITUARIES B15-16
Bob Elliott, Deadpan Comic
Part of the duo Bob and Ray, who paved
the way for much of today’s satirical
comedy in four decades on radio and TV,
Mr. Elliott was 92.
ARTS C1-8
Getting Hyped for Halftime
Coldplay and Beyoncé will be part of
Sunday’s Super Bowl halftime show,
PAGE B1 which in recent years has drawn more
than 115 million viewers.
EDITORIAL, OP-ED A22-23
Nicholas Kristof
Zika Reignites WORTH TRILLIONS,
Battle in Brazil BAD LOANS HAUNT
Over Abortion
Crisis Stirs a New Push
to Ease Strict Limits RISK FROM CHINA GROWS
By SIMON ROMERO
RECIFE, Brazil — The surging
medical reports of babies being
born with unusually small heads
during the Zika epidemic in Bra-
zil are igniting a fierce debate
over the country’s abortion laws,
which make the procedure illegal
under most circumstances.
Legal scholars in Brasília, the
capital, are preparing a case to go
before Brazil’s highest court, say-
ing pregnant women should be
permitted to have abortions
when their fetuses are found to
have abnormally small heads, a
condition known as microcephaly
that Brazilian researchers say is
linked to the virus.
A judge in central Brazil has
taken the rare step of publicly
proclaiming that he will allow
women to have legal abortions in
cases of microcephaly, preparing
the way for a fight over the issue
in parts of the country’s laby-
rinthine legal system.
And here in Recife, the Brazil-
ian city hit hardest by the in-
crease in microcephaly and the
brain damage that often comes
with it, abortion rights activists
are seizing on the crisis to coun-
ter conservative lawmakers who
have long wanted to make Bra-
zil’s abortion laws — already
among the most stringent in Lat-
in America — more restrictive.
The scientific link between
Zika and infant brain damage has
not yet been proved. But the ris-
ing reports of microcephaly in
parts of Brazil stricken by Zika
have caused enough alarm that
Continued on Page A10
Caution and Care in Brazil
Brazil may change guidelines
for reporting a birth defect that
could be linked to the Zika virus
to avoid false positives. Page A10.
SERGEY PONOMAREV FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
July 8, a victim of colon cancer at
69, his brain was removed during
an autopsy and ferried to scien-
tists in Massachusetts. It
weighed 1,318 grams, or just un-
der three pounds. Over several
months, it was dissected for
clues, as Stabler had wished, to
help those left behind understand
why his mind seemed to slip so
precipitously in his final years.
On the neuropathologist’s
scale of 1 to 4, Stabler had high
PAGE B16
PAGE C1
PAGE A23
February. High 54. Tonight, partly
cloudy, colder, low 36. Tomorrow,
plenty of sunshine, chillier, high 43.
Weather map appears on Page A24.
$2.50
GLOBAL ECONOMY
A Toxic Debt Hangover
— Cleanup of Banks
May Take Years
By PETER EAVIS
Beneath the surface of the glo-
bal financial system lurks a
multitrillion-dollar problem that
could sap the strength of large
economies for years to come.
The problem is the giant, stag-
nant pool of loans that companies
and people around the world are
struggling to pay back. Bad debts
have been a drag on economic ac-
tivity ever since the financial cri-
sis of 2008, but in recent months,
the threat posed by an overhang
of bad loans appears to be rising.
China is the biggest source of
worry. Some analysts estimate
that China’s troubled credit could
exceed $5 trillion, a staggering
number that is equivalent to half
the size of the country’s annual
economic output.
Official figures show that Chi-
nese banks pulled back on their
lending in December. If such
trends persist, China’s economy,
the second-largest in the world
behind the United States’, may
then slow even more than it has,
further harming the many coun-
tries that have for years relied on
China for their growth.
But it’s not just China. Wherev-
er governments and central
banks unleashed aggressive
stimulus policies in recent years,
a toxic debt hangover has fol-
lowed. In the United States, it
took many months for mortgage
defaults to fall after the most re-
cent housing bust — and energy
companies are struggling to pay
off the cheap money that they
borrowed to pile into the shale
boom.
In Europe, analysts say bad
loans total more than $1 trillion.
Many large European banks are
still burdened with defaulted
loans, complicating policy mak-
ers’ efforts to revive the Conti-
nent’s economy. Italy, for in-
stance, announced a plan last
week to clean out bad loans from
its plodding banking industry.
Elsewhere, bad loans are on
the rise at Brazil’s biggest banks,
as the country grapples with the
effects of an enormous credit
binge.
“If you have a boom and then a
bust, you create economic
losses,” said Alberto Gallo, head
of global macro credit research at
the Royal Bank of Scotland in
London. “You can hope the losses
one day turn into profits, but if
they don’t, they are a drag on the
economy.”
In good times, companies and
people take on new loans, often at
low interest rates, to buy goods
and services. When economies
slow, these debts become difficult
to pay for many borrowers. And
the bigger the boom, the more
soured debt that is left behind for
bankers and policy makers to
deal with.
In theory, it makes sense for
banks to swiftly recognize the
Continued on Page B4
Stage 3 chronic traumatic en-
cephalopathy, or C.T.E., the de-
generative brain disease believed
to be caused by repeated blows to
the head, according to research-
ers at Boston University. The re-
lationship between blows to the
head and brain degeneration is
still poorly understood, and some
experts caution that other fac-
tors, like unrelated mood prob-
lems or dementia, might contrib-
Continued on Page B12
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P r e s s R e a d e r. c o m
THURSDAY STYLES D1-8
When Smaller Is Better
The more obscure independent design-
ers, displaying fresh energy, were the
highlight in the early days of men’s fash-
ion week in New York. PAGE D1
U(D54G1D)y+z!.!&!#!]
A2 N THE NEW YORK TIMES, THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 4, 2016
©Tourneau, LLC 2016
I LOVE HER MORE THAN
I CAN SAY. WHICH WATCH
SAYS IT FOR ME?
TOURNEAU KNOWS.
3 Bryant Park • TimeMachine 57th and Madison Ave
Walt Whitman • Roosevelt Field • The Westchester
Garden State Plaza
A K O YA S P E C I A L E D I T I O N 8 X 9 M M
18” C U LT U R E D P E A R L
8MM STUD EARRINGS
Inside The Times
Unpublished Black History A Young Jesse Jackson Rallies for Jobs
1969 The Rev. Jesse Jackson, as a young activist, led a rally at Civic Center Plaza in Chicago with 4,000 people, seeking to
combat discrimination in the city’s construction unions. “We’re still fighting these barriers to equality and justice,” he said,
recalling the moment after seeing the photo, unpublished until now. “It’s not understood.” More Unpublished Black History
is at nytimes.com/blackhistory.
INTERNATIONAL
Bomb Suspected in Blast
On Somali Civilian Jet
American officials said a midair ex-
plosion on a Somali jetliner that
killed one passenger was most likely
caused by a bomb. PAGE A4
British Lord Is Ruled Dead
A London court issued a death cer-
tificate for a British aristocrat who
vanished in 1974 after the murder of
his nanny. PAGE A4
A Georgian Rises in Ukraine
Mikheil Saakashvili, the former
president of Georgia, is spearhead-
ing a Ukrainian movement to break
the grip of oligarchs. PAGE A7
France Asks to Keep Powers
Despite protests, the French gov-
ernment will seek a three-month ex-
tension of the state of emergency
declared after the terrorist attacks
in November. PAGE A8
Cle de Cartier®
Attack in East Jerusalem
Three armed Palestinian men at-
tacked Israeli police officers in East
Jerusalem, killing one officer and
wounding another. PAGE A9
NATIONAL
Bush, an Iowa Also-Ran,
Is Pressured to Show Appeal
Some of Jeb Bush’s supporters and
donors are saying that he must fin-
ish ahead of Senator Marco Rubio in
the Republican primary in New
tourneau.com Hampshire to justify continuing his
800.348.3332 presidential campaign. PAGE A16
Congress Argues Over Flint
Tensions over the water crisis in
Flint, Mich., could derail Congress’s
first energy bill in a decade.
PAGE A11
False Convictions Tallied
A record 149 people were found in
2015 to have been falsely convicted
of a crime, a report said. PAGE A13
Paul and Santorum Quit
Senator Rand Paul of Kentucky and
Rick Santorum both ended their
presidential campaigns. PAGE A16
Corrections
NATIONAL
An Associated Press report in
the National Briefing column on
Wednesday about water conser-
vation in California misstated the
time frame in which that state’s
average water use declined. It
was average daily use, not
monthly.
An article on Wednesday about
the stabbing death of a 13-year-
Errors and Comments:
nytnews@nytimes.com or call
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or fax (212) 556-3622.
Public Editor: Readers dissatisfied
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NEW YORK
Wrestlers Meet Their Match
In a New Coed Division
At a number of public high schools
in New York City, wrestling teams
with male and female athletes are
breaking down gender barriers and
stereotypes. PAGE A18
Suicides Rattle Prep School
Two student suicides in recent
weeks have stunned Fordham Pre-
paratory School, the all-boys Jesuit
high school in the Bronx. PAGE A19
Council Weighs Own Raise
City Council members held the only
public hearing on bills that would
raise their pay and enact significant
reforms. PAGE A19
Indictments Target Gang
Eighteen members of a street gang
responsible for a “wave of terror” in
Brooklyn have been charged with
violent crimes in a 76-count indict-
ment, officials said. PAGE A21
BUSINESS
China’s Food Needs Drive
Another Big Corporate Deal
The state-owned China National
Chemical Corporation has clinched a
deal to buy Syngenta, a giant in
farm chemicals and seeds, for $43
billion, underscoring China’s desire
to secure a sustainable food supply
for its population. PAGE B1
A Newly Demure Playboy
Playboy previewed its redesigned
March issue, which contains naked
women shot in ways intended for
strategic concealment. PAGE B1
Walmart Suing Puerto Rico
Puerto Rico, facing battles over bil-
lions of dollars in debt, is also locked
in a legal dispute with Walmart, its
biggest private employer. PAGE B1
Takata Airbag Recall Grows
In the latest sign that automakers
are still struggling to understand
the scope of the Takata airbag crisis,
Honda Motor said that it would ex-
pand its recall by more than a third
in North America. PAGE B2
old Virginia girl, Nicole Madison
Lovell, misstated, in some edi-
tions, the given name of her
youth pastor, who read part of a
statement from Nicole’s mother.
He is Josh Blankenship, not Joel.
NEW YORK
An article on Wednesday about
testimony at the manslaughter
trial of Officer Peter Liang re-
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SPORTS
QUOTATION OF THE DAY
Celtics’ President Strives
To Build a Better Roster
Danny Ainge, the president of bas-
‘‘ Our television shows
should have some Muslim
characters that are unre-
ketball operations for the Boston
Celtics, has developed a roster of lated to national security.
solid, young veterans. But his efforts
to acquire or draft stars will deter-
It’s not that hard to do.
mine if the team can challenge in the There was a time when
East. On Pro Basketball. PAGE B14 there were no black people
on television.
ARTS ’’
PRESIDENT OBAMA,
during a visit to a mosque in
Three-Way Race Emerges Baltimore, his first as
president. [A17]
In Quest for Best Picture
No consensus favorite has emerged
from the pack of best picture nomi-
nees for the Oscars, but the competi-
tion is looking increasingly like a
OBITUARIES
three-way race, possibly with a
Howard Koslow, 91
fourth contender morosely looking
on, Cara Buckley writes. He was a painter and illustrator who
The Carpetbagger. PAGE C1 for more than four decades designed
many of the most recognizable
Forever Mindful of the Clock stamps issued by the United States
The choreographer Justin Peck’s Postal Service. PAGE B15
production of Hans Christian Ander-
Anna Laerkesen, 73
sen’s “The Most Incredible Thing,” a
love story wound up in the passage
of time, had its debut at Lincoln Cen-
She was a leading ballerina in the
Royal Danish Ballet who won inter-
ter. And it was uncomfortable to ob- national acclaim for her poetic origi-
serve how much effort had gone into nality as a dancer in the 1960s and
making a ballet so disappointingly later as a choreographer. PAGE B15
drab and tame, Alastair Macaulay
writes. A review. PAGE C1
OP-ED
The Art of Finding Fault
In “Better Living Through Criti- Gail Collins PAGE A23
cism,” A. O. Scott, a chief film critic
at The New York Times, considers
how critics arrive at judgments ONLINE
about art. Books of The Times.
PAGE C1 VIDEO The Venus flytrap, a plant
that eats insects, will clamp its
leaves shut only after trigger hairs
are tripped two times within about
THURSDAY STYLES
20 seconds. Even without nerves, it
counts electric impulses that go
For Millennial Men,
from cell to cell.
Gray Hair Is Welcome nytimes.com/video
A new generation of men is acceler-
ating the onset of silver hair in an ef-
Crossword C3
fort to look distinguished. PAGE D1
Obituaries B15-16
A Room of No One’s Own TV Listings C7
Weather A24
Untethered white-collar workers are
increasingly gathering in a new kind Classified Ads B14
of office known as the co-working Commercial
space. Disruptions. PAGE D2 Real Estate Marketplace B2
ferred incorrectly in some edi- THE ARTS
tions to information provided by The Books of The Times re-
Officer Shaun Landau, Mr. view on Monday, about “Ostend:
Liang’s partner. Some parts of Stefan Zweig, Joseph Roth, and
Officer Landau’s account, which the Summer Before the Dark” by
was read in court, came from a Volker Weidermann, gave out-
police interview, not from grand dated information about Mr. Wei-
jury testimony. dermann’s employment. He cur-
rently covers literature for Der
Spiegel; he no longer is the liter-
BUSINESS DAY ary editor for the Sunday edition
An article on Wednesday about of the newspaper Frankfurter
Allgemeine Zeitung.
Printed and distributed by PressReader
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ticles written by a reporter for
the news website The Intercept OBITUARIES
misstated the status of the case
An obituary on Monday about
against Dylann Roof on charges the basketball player Kenny Sail-
of murdering nine people in a ors erroneously included one
Charleston, S.C., church. He is honor among those he received
awaiting trial; he has not been for his service with the Marines.
P r e s s R e a d e r. c o m
convicted. He did not receive a Bronze Star.
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reserved. Diane Brayton, Secretary

.
Once-Fringe Idea on Taxes
Goes Mainstream With Rubio
A proposal to
eliminate taxes on
capital gains is a break
from the G.O.P.’s past.
By JOSH BARRO
When Steve Forbes ran for
president in 1996 on a plan that
called for no taxes on dividends
and capital gains, Mitt Romney,
then a private citizen, took out a
full-page ad in The Boston Globe
attacking his proposal as pluto-
cratic.
“The Forbes tax isn’t a flat tax
at all — it’s a tax cut for fat cats!”
Mr. Romney’s ad declared, not-
ing that “Kennedys, Rockefellers
and Forbes” could end up with a
tax rate of zero, while ordinary
people would be left paying 17
percent on their wage and salary
income under Mr. Forbes’s plan.
The mainstream Republican
position on capital gains has long
been that they should be taxed at
a low rate, but not zero. In 1996,
Mr. Romney was supporting Bob
Dole, the eventual nominee,
whose campaign platform called
for a 14 percent tax rate on capital
gains. In 2003, President George
W. Bush signed a law setting the
rate at 15 percent, a policy that
John McCain proposed to contin-
ue if elected in 2008. (The current
maximum rate on capital gains is
23.8 percent, after tax increases
that took effect in 2013.)
When Mr. Romney was the Re-
publican nominee in 2012, he pro-
posed to abolish the capital gains
tax for moderate earners — who
typically have few capital gains
anyway — but not for the Kenne-
dys, Rockefellers and Forbeses,
who would have continued pay-
ing 15 percent.
But the once-fringe idea of
abolishing a capital-gains tax is
going mainstream this year cour-
tesy of Senator Marco Rubio. His
tax plan breaks with past estab-
lishment Republican candidates
for president in its extreme gen-
erosity to taxpayers who derive
their income from investments
rather than work.
His plan would impose no tax
at all on interest, dividends or
capital gain income from stocks.
It would also set a maximum tax
rate of 25 percent on business in-
come, both for large corporations
and small ones. In many cases,
that would mean business own-
ers would pay a lower tax rate on
profits than their employees
would pay on their wages — even
after counting both taxes paid by
the business and those paid by
the business owner directly.
Mr. Rubio’s tax plan has drawn
Iowa Polls Way Off on Trump, Suggesting Soft Support
By NATE COHN
Donald J. Trump was at the top
of each of the last 10 polls in Iowa,
but his seven-point lead in polling
averages amounted to a three-
point loss to Ted Cruz in the cau-
cuses on Monday.
That 10-point swing was
enough to make Mr. Trump’s de-
feat the biggest polling error ear-
ly in a primary season since Hil-
lary Clinton defeated Barack
Obama in New Hampshire in
2008. But even that understates
the extent to which the polls mis-
judged Mr. Trump’s strength.
Mr. Trump was at 31 percent in
the final polls, but finished with
just 24 percent. In our data set of
polls from New Hampshire and
Iowa since 2004, no candidate un-
derperformed the final surveys
by as much as Mr. Trump. Mrs.
Clinton, for instance, mainly beat
Mr. Obama by outperforming her
polling, not because Mr. Obama
fell short.
It’s probably not a coincidence
that the candidate who underper-
formed the polls by the most is
also the one who had a mediocre
turnout operation and enjoyed
seemingly nonstop media cover-
age.
It’s always hard to figure out
why polls are wrong. Republican
strategists have hoped for
months that Mr. Trump’s lead
was an illusion. The results in
Iowa at least raise the possibility
that they’re right — which would
call into question Mr. Trump’s ad-
vantage elsewhere.
This time there is evidence to
support one of two possibilities
for why polls overestimated Mr.
Trump: Voters broke strongly
against Mr. Trump in the final
days, or the electorate was more
conservative and more religious
than polls anticipated.
In general, there are three bas-
ic ways polls go wrong.
Æ An unrepresentative sample
that doesn’t accurately reflect
the population it’s trying to
measure.
Marco Rubio, considered one of the mainstream Republican candidates,
is running on a very conservative tax plan.
attention for so-called family-
friendly features, including a sig-
nificantly expanded child tax
credit. It has also drawn criticism
from Senator Ted Cruz for impos-
ing too high a tax rate on wage in-
come — rates of up to 35 percent.
Mr. Rubio seeks a lower top rate
than is imposed today, but one
higher than any other current
Republican presidential candi-
date has proposed. Mr. Cruz’s
plan, which combines a flat in-
come tax with a value-added tax,
would impose an effective com-
bined tax rate of 24.4 percent on
wages.
The fight over taxes mirrors
the divide that has emerged be-
tween the Republican Party’s
elite supporters and its voter
base. Mr. Cruz’s and Donald
Trump’s tax plans offer signif-
icantly lower tax rates than Mr.
Rubio’s to the sorts of highly paid
workers that form a key Repub-
lican voting constituency. But
they are not as generous to peo-
ple who live off investment in-
come — a group that, not inci-
dentally, includes many of the
people who fund Republican su-
per PACs.
To be clear, the idea that cap-
ital gains should get a preferen-
tial tax rate did not arise as a
pure sop to the rich. For nearly
the entire history of the Ameri-
can income tax, capital gains
have been taxed at a lower rate
than regular income. Canada,
France, Britain, Germany and
Donald J. Trump was the polling leader before the
Iowa caucuses. He finished behind Ted Cruz.
Æ A flawed likely-voter model
that misjudges the composition of
the electorate.
Æ Late events or changes in the
race after the poll was conducted
that move voters.
This year, there is strong evi-
dence to support late movement,
some evidence to support the
likely-voter problem, and little
evidence to support the sampling
problem — even if it can’t be
ruled out.
The case for late movement
away from Mr. Trump is very
strong. The entrance polls
showed that voters who decided
over the last week broke heavily
against him, and for Marco Ru-
bio.
What’s more, the only two sur-
veys conducted after Jan. 29
showed Mr. Trump leading by
just one percentage point, with 27
and 20 percent of the vote — his
two lowest tallies in more than a
week. The same surveys showed
Mr. Rubio rising to 19 and 22 per-
cent — his two strongest show-
ings of the campaign.
If late movement explains Mr.
THE NEW YORK TIMES, THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 4, 2016
ONLINE: NEW FROM THE UPSHOT
A look at the polling leaders
and political picture in New
Hampshire and South Carolina.
nytimes.com/upshot
The Upshot provides news,
analysis and graphics about
politics, policy and everyday life.
even Sweden all impose top tax
rates on capital gains that are
more than 10 points lower than
their top rates on regular income.
Reduced tax rates on capital
income serve three plausible pol-
icy purposes beyond being nice
for the Roosevelts and the Ken-
nedys. First, a large fraction of
capital income is taxed twice, at
the corporate and individual lev-
els. Dividends are distributions of
already-taxed corporate profits,
while a rise in a stock price repre-
sents a rise in expected future
taxable corporate profits. Second,
economists generally believe the
revenue-maximizing tax rate on
capital gains is much lower than
the revenue-maximizing tax rate
on salaries. This is in large part
because capital gains are volun-
tary; you pay only if you sell an
appreciated asset, so investors
are likely to respond to higher tax
rates by not selling.
Third, and more controversial-
ly, some economists say capital is
significantly more sensitive to
tax policy than labor. That is,
high taxes on capital income will
DAMON WINTER/THE NEW YORK TIMES
Trump’s defeat, it’s good news
for pollsters. There’s nothing
they can do about the possibility
that undecided voters will break
away from a candidate at the last
minute.
It doesn’t necessarily answer
whether Mr. Trump’s lead should
be expected to hold elsewhere.
On the one hand, you can make a
solid case that the final weeks of
the race should naturally pose a
very difficult challenge for him.
He has benefited from tremen-
dous media coverage and has
faced relatively few attacks.
This changed in the final few
weeks before Iowa, as voters
started to tune in and focus on
other candidates, and as Mr. Cruz
began attacking Mr. Trump far
more forcefully than he had been
attacked before.
This would be the worst-case
possibility for Mr. Trump. It
would mean his support really
might evaporate ahead of future
contests, as voters focus on other
candidates and as he faces even
more attacks.
But it’s also possible that vot-
N A3
©T&CO. 2016
ATLAS®
HILARY SWIFT FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
800 843 3269 | TIFFANY.COM
do more to discourage invest-
ment than high taxes on wages
do to discourage work. Capital
taxes are therefore more damag-
ing to the economy than wage
taxes.
Unfortunately, recent experi-
ence with capital tax cuts has not
been supportive of the idea that
they will do much to lift economic
growth. “Recent experience with
capital tax cuts has not been so
encouraging. “There seems to
have been virtually no impact of
the 2001 or 2003 tax cuts on cap-
ital,” said William Gale, co-direc-
tor at the Urban-Brookings Tax
Policy Center and a former staff
member at the Council of Eco-
nomic Advisers under George
H. W. Bush. He pointed to a 2015
paper from the University of Cali-
fornia, Berkeley, economist Dan-
ny Yagan, finding that the 2003
cut in dividend taxes “caused
zero change in corporate invest-
ment and employee compensa-
tion.”
The problem with proposing a
zero tax rate on capital gains and
dividends, rather than just a low
one, is that it can rely only on the
third, least-certain justification. A
zero rate will more than offset the
double taxation of corporate in-
come, and is certainly well below
the revenue-maximizing rate.
But it’s a big tax cut for people
who are already doing well, and
can be a good idea only if you
really believe it will do a lot for
economic growth.
“Lady Dior” bag in black “paradise” calfskin,
badges and flowers in embossed leather, large strap
ers broke late because of Mr. 57th Street - Soho
Trump’s decision not to partici- 800.929.dior (3467) Dior.com
pate in the final debate. The en-
trance polls did not ask voters
whether they were less likely to
vote for him because of that deci-
sion, but it’s certainly possible.
This would be the best-case ex-
planation for Mr. Trump: If skip-
ping the last debate did it, then he
can simply avoid making the
same mistake again. On balance,
though, there’s not a lot of evi-
dence to support this conclusion
— entrance polls showed Mr.
Trump losing among voters who
decided over the last month, not
just over the last few days.
There is also a case that Mr.
Cruz benefited from a more evan-
gelical Christian electorate than
pre-election polls assumed. The
entrance polls showed that evan-
gelicals were 63 percent of the
electorate, while most pre-elec-
tion polls showed a much lower
tally. Mr. Trump lost evangelical
Christians to Mr. Cruz by a 12-
point margin, 33 to 21 percent.
Mr. Cruz would not be the first
conservative candidate to outper-
form Iowa polls. In fact, it’s pret-
ty common. In 2008, pre-election
polls showed a close race be-
tween Mike Huckabee and Mitt
Romney; Mr. Huckabee won by
nine points. In 2012, they showed
Rick Santorum trailing Mr. Rom-
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CO PY R I G H T A N D P R OT E C T E D BY A P P L I C A B L E L AW
ney significantly; Mr. Santorum
also won. Pat Robertson outper-
formed the polls in placing sec- New York Flagship Exclusive
ond in 1988. Magic Alhambra Long necklace,
The list of moderate candidates 16 motifs, white gold, onyx, diamonds.
who underperformed is just as
long, and Mr. Trump did best
among self-identified moderates.
P r e s s R e a d e r. c o m
A polling miss like the one on
Mr. Trump usually can’t be easily
explained by one single factor. Haute Joaillerie, place Vendôme since 1906
Multiple causes were probably at
play. Some may be specific to
Iowa. Others might not be, and
may represent a lasting problem
for Mr. Trump. It could be what
NEW YORK - 744 Fifth Avenue
his opponents have been hoping:
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a sign he’s not as strong as he
and the polls have been saying.
A4 N

THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 4, 2016

PHOTOGRAPHS BY BILLY H. C. KWOK FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES

Guo Su-jen, whose father was executed during political repression in Taiwan in 1952, in her garden in Taipei. Liu Yao-ting, below left with Yueh-Hsia, his wife, was also killed.

Goodbyes Arrive Decades Too Late

Taiwanese Families Receive Letters From Victims of Political Repression
By PAUL MOZUR
TAIPEI, Taiwan — The month before he was ex-
ecuted, in April 1952, Guo Ching wrote letters to his
mother, wife and children to say goodbye.
The letters had only 140 miles to travel, but they
would take 60 years to be delivered.
When his daughter finally received her father’s
farewell after a protracted negotiation with Taiwan’s
government, she was in her 60s, twice his age when
he died.
“I kept crying, because I could now read what
my father had written,” said the daughter, Guo Su-
jen. “If I’d never seen his writing, I would have no
sense of him as a living person. His writing makes
him alive again. Without it, he would live only in my
imagination, how I picture him.”
The letters were among 177 uncovered in the
past decade that were written by victims of the polit-
ical repression known as the White Terror. From
1947 to 1987, tens of thousands of Taiwanese were im-
prisoned and at least 1,000 were executed, most in
the early 1950s, after being accused of spying for
Communist China.
The lost missives, which have been given to
family members in recent years, are painful souve-
nirs from decades of authoritarian rule in Taiwan, a
small part of the history buried in poorly cataloged
government archives. But the landslide victory for
President-elect Tsai Ing-wen and her Democratic
Progressive Party in January may soon bring much
more of that history to light: In her campaign, Ms.
Tsai vowed to do more to chronicle and right the in-
justices of Taiwan’s authoritarian past.
The letters are not just documentary evidence,
though; they are also last expressions of love from
beyond the grave. They offer words of comfort to
children who grew up not knowing their parents and
final apologies to spouses who would raise children
alone.
They were uncovered only by chance in 2008,
when a young woman requested information about
her grandfather from Taiwan’s main archive.
Two weeks after applying for the records, the
woman, Chang Yi-lung, was given a stack of more
than 300 pages of photocopied documents, mostly
court records and rulings. Within those pages, she
discovered letters her grandfather had written to her
aunt and uncle and to her mother, who had not yet
been born when he was killed.
Continued on Page A9

Bomb Suspected in Deadly Explosion on Somali Jet A British Aristocrat

By JEFFREY GETTLEMAN
NAIROBI, Kenya — American
officials said Wednesday that an
explosion on a Somali jetliner
that punched a three-foot hole
through its fuselage in midair
and killed one passenger was
most likely caused by a bomb.
Their preliminary assessment
heightened fears that the Sha-
bab militant group in Somalia,
suspected in the explosion, had
figured out a way to plant the
bomb in the plane.
The explosion on Tuesday
rocked the Daallo Airlines flight,
an Airbus A321, soon after it left
Mogadishu, the capital, blasting
a hole above the right wing. Two
passengers were seriously hurt;
another was apparently sucked
out of the plane. It was unclear if
he had been killed by the blast or
by the plunge to the ground.
Somali officials said Wednes-
day that they had recovered the
body of an older man who had
fallen from the sky several miles
outside Mogadishu.
American officials were initial-
ly concerned that the blast might
have been caused by a surface-
to-air missile. After the stricken
plane circled back to Mogadishu,
A hole in a Daallo Airlines plane after its emergency landing in Mogadishu on Tuesday.
plosion happened about 15 min-
utes after takeoff.
The concern now is that the
Shabab, who have killed thou-
sands of civilians in their quest
to turn Somalia into a puritanical
Islamic state, may be practicing
more sophisticated killing tac-
tics, breaching the airport’s se-
curity and placing a timed explo-
keepers. Last month, Shabab
fighters ambushed a Kenyan for-
ward operating base, killing as
many as 100 Kenyan soldiers,
and possibly more. It was the
worst defeat the Kenyan mil-
itary had ever suffered.
The Shabab also recently
slaughtered civilians at a beach-
side restaurant in Mogadishu.
ASSOCIATED PRESS
One passenger, Awale Ali
Kulane, a Somali diplomat, said
there was a loud bang, the cabin
filled with black smoke and the
plane lurched down. “Some of
the people were reading the Qur-
an, and everybody on board was
worried,” he said.
The American government
has a large intelligence and law
Is Ruled Dead, Again
By SEWELL CHAN
LONDON — It was a case that
riveted the world: In 1974, a dash-
ing British aristocrat and army
officer, known for his prowess at
backgammon and bridge and his
fondness for vodka martinis,
powerboats and Aston Martin
cars, vanished after the bludg-
eoned body of his children’s nan-
ny was found in the basement of
his family’s house in the affluent
Belgravia area of London.
The aristocrat, Richard John
Bingham, the seventh Earl of Lu-
can, was declared the killer in
1975. But he was never found, de-
spite an international manhunt; ASSOCIATED PRESS
unverified sightings in places as Richard John Bingham, sev-
far-flung as Australia, Colombia, enth Earl of Lucan, in 1963.
India, Paraguay, the United He vanished in 1974 after his
States and New Zealand; and
endless conspiracy theories. In
children’s nanny was killed.
the United States, the case has
been compared to that of Joseph the nanny, Sandra Rivett,
Force Crater, a New York judge dropped his objection to Mr.
and bon vivant whose 1930 disap- Bingham’s petition. Mr. Berri-
pearance was never solved. man, who was put up for adop-
A British judge declared Lord tion as an infant, learned that his
Lucan dead in 1999, allowing the birth mother had been murdered
resolution of certain estate and only after his adoptive mother
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CO PY R I G H T A N D P R OT E C T E D BY A P P L I C A B L E L AW

American military advisers who
are working in Somalia with Af-
rican Union peacekeepers
rushed to investigate, American
officials said. They quickly de-
termined from the way the metal
was punched out that the explo-
sion had been caused by some-
sive device in the aircraft.
“The Shabab have upped their
game,” said one former Ameri-
can military official who works
in Somalia. “And we’re very
lucky that device didn’t go off
when the plane was higher, or it
could have brought the whole
Antiterrorism experts say that
if a bomb is confirmed as the
cause of the plane explosion, it
may also have been planted by
members of the Islamic State’s
new branches in Somalia.
In recent months, dozens of
Shabab fighters have defected to
enforcement presence in Kenya
that closely watches Somalia. On
Wednesday, an American official
said, the United States govern-
ment asked the Somali govern-
ment for permission to send
F.B.I. agents from Nairobi, Ken-
ya’s capital, to Mogadishu to as-
inheritance matters, but that rul-
ing did not definitively close the
issue. Under a law that took ef-
fect in 2014, the earl’s son, George
Charles Bingham, asked a court
to formally issue a death certif-
icate so that he could inherit his
father’s title and become the
died. He had said that a death
certificate should not be issued
because of the possibility, howev-
er remote, that Lord Lucan might
still be alive. (He would be 81.)
The disappearance of Lord Lu-
can riveted Britain. The country,
like the United States, was suf-
P r e s s R e a d e r. c o m

thing inside the aircraft.
Somali news reports indicated
that there had been around 70
passengers aboard. Daallo Air-
lines said in a statement that the
plane had been heading to neigh-
boring Djibouti and that the ex-
Mohamed Ibrahim contributed
reporting from Mogadishu, So-
malia.
plane down.”
The Shabab seem to be mak-
ing a comeback after years of de-
feats at the hands of an African
Union peacekeeping force. They
are now retaking towns in south-
ern Somalia and building a for-
midable arsenal of armored per-
sonnel carriers, artillery and
even American-made Humvees,
all stolen from defeated peace-
the Islamic State, which has a
history of bringing down air-
craft. The Islamic State is widely
believed to have been behind the
bomb that felled a Russian jetlin-
er over the Sinai Peninsula in
Egypt in October, killing 224 peo-
ple.
So far, no one has claimed re-
sponsibility for the explosion
aboard the Daallo flight.
sist in the investigation.
So far, the official said, the So-
malis have not responded.
“There’s a lot of guys around
here who would love to get their
hands on this,” said the Ameri-
can official, who spoke on the
condition of anonymity because
he was not authorized to discuss
pending investigations. “Right
now, we’re just waiting.”
eighth Earl of Lucan.
A High Court justice, Sarah
Asplin, granted Mr. Bingham’s
request in London on Wednes-
day. The proceeding, which at-
tracted significant attention in
the British media, was surpris-
ingly brief for a case with such a
notorious and lengthy history.
Justice Asplin’s decision came
after Neil Berriman, the son of
fering from high energy prices
and a sluggish economy, and its
Conservative prime minister, Ed-
ward Heath, had just been voted
out of office. In 1973, Britain had
joined the European Economic
Community, a predecessor of the
European Union; in 1976, Britain
was forced to apply for an emer-
gency loan from the International
Continued on Page A9
 THE NEW YORK TIMES, THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 4, 2016 N A5

ISRAEL’S SECURITY CHIEFS AGREE:

Separation into two states is in Israel’s vital security interest.
CHIEFS OF STAFF FROM THE ISRAEL DEFENSE FORCES:

SHAUL MOFAZ
“Time is not in favor
of the state of Israel…
The generation of the
leaders today should
decide. This year, next
year — we have to
decide.”
Washington Post,
19 Jun 2012
AMNON
DAN HALUTZ GABI ASHKENAZI BENNY GANTZ EHUD BARAK
LIPKIN-SHAHAK
“The question is whether “I am afraid that it might Israel will one day be “This issue is important “A two-state solution
there is a leadership come to a point in which “forced to separate from to us, it is important for is the only viable
who is willing to go the it will be impossible to the Palestinians, in one ourselves, it is important long-term solution.
extra step to maintain go back to a two-state way or another…time is for our connections It is a compelling
a Jewish state, because solution, and then it’s not on our side.” with the international imperative for us,
the alternative is a going to be a chaotic Jerusalem Post, community.” in order to secure our
bi-national state.” situation.” 12 Sep 2012 Times of Israel, identity and our future as
Arutz Sheva, J Street, 6 Feb 2015 a Jewish and democratic
8 Apr 2011 21 Dec 2012 state; it’s not a favor for
the Palestinians.”
Haaretz,
4 Mar 2013

S H I N B E T ( I S R A E L’S D O M E ST I C S E C U R I T Y AG E N CY ) D I R E C TO R S :

AVI DICHTER
“Any intelligent person
realizes that a one-state
solution with the six million
Jews and seven million
non-Jews — mostly Muslims
— is irresponsible”
Arutz Sheva,
29 Dec 2014
YUVAL DISKIN
“[T]he unsolved Israeli-
Palestinian conflict
represent[s] an existential
threat… we need to reach an
agreement now, before we
reach the ‘point of no return’
in the Israeli-Palestinian
conflict, a point from which
we will not be able to return
to the option of ‘two states
for two people.’”
Geneva Initiative 10 Year Conference,
4 Dec 2013
AMI AYALON
“[T]he only way to sustain
Zionism — by which I
mean the perpetuation of a
Jewish, democratic Israel in
the spirit of the Declaration
of Independence — is by
making the two-state solution
a reality. I do not see this as
yielding to foreign opinion
but a realization of what…the
founding fathers of Zionism
defined as true victory.”
Jerusalem Post
8 Apr 2014
AVRAHAM SHALOM JACOB PERRY
“If we do not turn away from “We’re dealing with fateful
adhering to the entire land issues in Israel, the peace
of Israel [including the West process is deadlocked
Bank and Gaza] and begin to and we’re heading rapidly
understand the other side, we towards a bi-national state.
will not get anywhere... If we This is the end of Zionism,
don’t change this there will we need new leadership.”
be nothing there.” Ynet News,
The Guardian, 9 Jun 2012
29 Nov 2003

HEAD S OF THE MOSSAD (ISRAEL’S INT ELLIGENCE AGENCY):

MEIR DAGAN
Netanyahu and Bennett
“are leading us to a
binational state which
is a disaster and
dangerous to Zionism.”
Arutz Sheva,
3 Jun 2015
TAMIR PARDO DANNY YATOM SHABTAI SHAVIT EFRAIM HALEVY
“The biggest threat
[to Israel] is the
“Without a peace
initiative…The
“[S]ome values are
more sacred than land.
“‘[N]o solution’ means
that there’s going to P O P U L AT I O N
Palestinian issue.”
Haaretz,
fighting and violence
will continue, the
Peace, which is the
life and soul of true
be one state…it’ll be
a democratic system B R E A K D OW N 1
international pressure democracy, is more for the minority and a
2015 52% JEWISH
5 Jun 2015
for the establishment of important than land.” non-democratic system
a bi-national state will for the majority, and
2020 49% JEWISH
Haaretz,
grow, and our isolation 24 Nov 2014 this is unsustainable
process will deepen.” and untenable.”
Ynet News, Wilson Center, 2030 44% JEWISH
2 Nov 2015 24 Oct 2012

The only way Israel can remain a Jewish, democratic state is if the Palestinians have a demilitarized Palestinian state.

It’s Time: Two States for Two People

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CO PY R I G H T A N D P R OT E C T E D BY A P P L I C A B L E L AW
P r e s s R e a d e r. c o m

Hon. Robert Wexler, President

WWW.CENTERPEACE.ORG

1. S. DellaPergola, Professor Emeritus at The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, World Jewish Population 2015 in American Jewish Year Book 2015
Photo credits: Shaul Mofaz/Moshe Shai/Flash90, Dan Halutz/Flash90, Amnon Lipkin-Shahk/Moshe Shai/Flash90, Yuval Diskin/Ziv Koren, Ami Ayalon/Flash90, Avraham Shalom/Yossi Zamir/Flash 90,
Jacob Perry/Yesh Atid political party, Meir Dagan/Miriam Alster/Flash90, Tamir Pardo/David Vaaknini/POOL/Flash 90, Danny Yatom/Olivier Fitoussi/FLASH90, Shabtai Shavit/Ben Kelmer/FLASH90, Efrayim Halevy/Eli Itkin
A6 Ø N THE NEW YORK TIMES INTERNATIONAL THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 4, 2016

MAURICIO LIMA FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
Asylum Rules
In Germany
May Tighten
By ALISON SMALE
BERLIN — The German cabi-
net took significant steps on
Wednesday toward toughening
asylum rules in the wake of the
Cologne assaults, approving
among other measures a two-
year ban on family reunifications
and excluding three North Afri-
can countries from its asylum
list.
The steps came just a week af-
ter the cabinet moved to make it
easier to deport migrants who
commit crimes, deepening a new
and harsher line by the govern-
ment of Chancellor Angela Mer-
kel, who has come under crit-
icism for her asylum policies.
The measures approved
Wednesday, which also included
a plan to house asylum seekers in
special facilities to speed their
applications, must be submitted
to Parliament, where they seem
certain to pass. The steps were
clearly intended to make Germa-
ny less welcoming for migrants,
and to blunt opponents of Ms.
Merkel’s decision to throw open
the doors to about a million asy-
lum seekers last year.
Other measures approved by
the cabinet included demanding
small contributions from asylum
seekers — 10 euros, about $11,

The Migrants Press On, Even in Winter
Tens of Thousands Pushed Through to Europe Last Month Alone
By RUSSELL GOLDMAN
The refugees keep coming.
Forced from their homes by war and
economic deprivation, tens of thousands of
migrants made the perilous journey to Eu-
rope last month.
These asylum seekers, the latest surge
in a great tide of human movement, have
braved winter weather, stormy seas and
closed borders in their escape from the Mid-
dle East, Afghanistan and Africa.
On Thursday in London, the European
Union and international donors are expected
to pledge to increase their aid to Syrians dis-
placed by war.
The toll, whether measured in lives or in
dollars, is staggering.
More than 67,000 migrants have ar-
rived in Europe by sea since the start of the
year. By comparison, 5,000 migrants made
the journey across the Mediterranean in Jan-
uary 2015, according to the International Or-
ganization for Migration.
These newcomers join more than
a million people who sought refuge in Europe
last year. But more telling than the total
number of migrants is the number who have
been formally resettled: 190 in 2015, despite
pledges to relocate almost 200,000.
“We have to go,” said Mohamed Salem
Abrahim, a 17-year-old Afghan trying to
make his way to Germany. Mohamed arrived
in Greece two months ago, after traveling
through Iran and catching a leaky boat from
Turkey. “What is the choice — to stay in our
country and be killed, or come to Europe
where we can be free?”
This year, 368 people have died making
the journey across the Mediterranean, 60 of
them children, migration figures show.
Since the beginning of the year, 19,781
minors have arrived in Europe, almost one-
third of the total making the journey.
On Saturday, 10 children drowned when
a boat carrying them and their families
crashed on rocks near Ayvacik, a Turkish re-
sort town. Photos of at least two of the chil-
dren, their lifeless bodies on a rocky shore,
were disturbingly similar to those of the
3-year-old Syrian boy Alan Kurdi that circu-
lated online in September. The public outcry
Liz Alderman contributed reporting from Idomeni,
Greece.
SERGEY PONOMAREV FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
over repeated images of smartly dressed
children washed up on Europe’s shores has
been muted.
Women and children now make up most
of the migrants entering Europe, surpassing
single men who were once the majority of
travelers, according to Unicef.
For children, the journey is far more
dangerous than a single boat trip. At
least 10,000 unaccompanied minors have
disappeared in Europe over the past year, ac-
cording to Europol, the European division of
Interpol. Many of those children have slipped
through the bureaucratic cracks and found
from their monthly stipends — to
help cover the costs of integra-
tion courses.
In addition, deportees who are
sick and have previously claimed
that they must stay in Germany
for medical care will have to
shelter with family members, but the police leave if health care in their home
countries is deemed sufficient.
warn that many others have likely been kid- The cabinet also designated
napped by traffickers. Morocco, Tunisia and Algeria as
Citizens from 149 countries applied for safe states, meaning those who
asylum in Europe in 2015, according to the have arrived from those coun-
tries now face deportation.
European Union, but the vast majority of
The push against allowing citi-
those applicants came from just three zens of those three nations to
places: Syria, Iraq and Afghanistan. Germa- stay has gained momentum since
ny, followed by Hungry and Sweden, re- the New Year’s Eve assaults in
ceived the most asylum applicants last year. Cologne by men largely de-
scribed as Arab or North African
During first six months of 2015, 668,000 in appearance. The police in Co-
immigrants, including other Europeans and logne and nearby Düsseldorf
asylum seekers, entered Germany, according have also raided North African
to the German Interior Ministry, and the to- communities in the two cities in a
crackdown on crime.
tal for last year is expected to be around a Since the assaults, Ms. Merkel
million. has promised a “palpable reduc-
It is increasingly hard for the asylum tion” in the number of migrants
seekers who arrive in Greece and elsewhere arriving. But she has refused to
bow to demands from her own
to make their way to northern Europe as conservative camp to set a cap in
more countries close their borders to mi- 2016. Instead, she has accelerated
grants. diplomacy in Europe and several
Leaders from Europe and other world measures at home aimed at curb-
ing the influx.
powers, including the United States, are ex- Germany continues — with lit-
pected to double to $2 billion the amount of tle success so far — to ask Euro-
aid they pledged to Syrian migrants last pean Union partners to help re-
year. That is in addition to nearly $3 billion distribute refugees across the 28
member states, and is pushing to
European Union leaders pledged to Turkey secure a deal with Turkey that
in November to help the government keep would curb the number of mi-
refugees from leaving that country for Eu- grants crossing the Aegean Sea
rope. from Turkey to Greece.
Elections loom in three of Ger-
many’s 16 states in mid-March,
lending urgency to the quest to
reduce the refugee flow. Polls
uniformly predict that an anti-
immigrant, right-wing party, the
Alternative for Germany, will en-
ter all three state Parliaments.
Asked for figures on how many
refugees would be affected by the
two-year ban on family reunifica-
tions, Interior Minister Thomas
de Maizière declined to specify,
but noted that it would not apply
to those seeking asylum because
of targeted persecution.
The government will also con-
tinue to issue entry permits to
relatives, almost all Syrians,
waiting in the overcrowded refu-
gee camps of Turkey, Lebanon
and Jordan.
Mr. de Maizière, who has just
returned from a trip to Afghani-
stan to try to stem the migrant
flow from there, said he would
travel soon to Algeria, Morocco
and Tunisia to negotiate the re-
turn of those countries’ citizens.
OZAN KOSE/AGENCE FRANCE-PRESSE — GETTY IMAGES Victor Homola contributed re-
porting.

U.N. Suspends Syria Peace Talks, Urging More Effort From Stakeholders on Both Sides
By NICK CUMMING-BRUCE
and SOMINI SENGUPTA
GENEVA — The United Na-
tions on Wednesday temporarily
suspended the fledgling talks
aimed at ending the war in Syria
and called on the countries fuel-
ing the conflict to do more to
yield results, as Syrian govern-
ment forces sharply escalated an
day evening at a Geneva hotel
that serves as its headquarters.
Mr. de Mistura took pains to
add that the pause did not mean
“the end or the failure of the
talks.” In a statement later in the
evening, he suggested that the
government’s failure to alleviate
the humanitarian crisis in Syria
by allowing food and medicine
the Mediterranean to Europe.
In announcing a recess in Ge-
neva, Mr. de Mistura essentially
kicked the ball over to the coun-
tries that are backing each side
on the battlefield. Foreign min-
isters from the United States and
Russia, along with the regional
powers that support the govern-
ment and opposition sides, are to
called on the Assad government
to cease the bombing of rebel
forces. He said it was “past time
for them to meet existing obliga-
tions and restore the internation-
al community’s confidence in
their intentions of supporting a
peaceful resolution.”
The talks in Geneva had barely
begun, with Mr. de Mistura meet-
made it clear that even those
modest goals were not to be met
anytime soon.
The opposition bloc, known as
the High Negotiating Committee
and backed by Saudi Arabia, said
on Twitter that it would not re-
turn to Geneva “until it sees
progress on the ground.”
In a news conference, the com-
tions and the government’s chief
negotiator, said the talks had not
gone further because of “precon-
ditions” demanded by his rivals.
The United Nations has said
government sieges are responsi-
ble for denying the delivery of
food and medicine to 187,000 peo-
ple, while the rebels are besieg-
ing 12,000 in government-held
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offensive on a strategic rebel-
held city.
“I have concluded, frankly, that
after the first week of prepara-
tory talks there is more work to
be done, not only by us but by the
stakeholders,” the United Na-
into rebel-held towns had pre-
vented any serious discussions.
“I’m not prepared to have talks
for the sake of talks,” he said,
adding that they would resume
no later than Feb. 25.
The pause is sure to loom over
a donor conference that starts on
meet again next Thursday in
Germany.
The recess comes as Russian
airstrikes have helped Syrian
forces make major advances in
the conflict and made them far
less likely, diplomats say, to enter
into serious negotiations. At the
ing a government delegation last
Friday and continuing meetings
with the main opposition delega-
tion on Monday and Wednesday.
The gulf between the two sides
remains so wide that they were
never meant to meet face to face.
There was discord over who
mittee’s leader, Riad Hijab,
blamed the government for the
suspension. “The regime is try-
ing to buy time without doing
anything,” Mr. Hijab said. He
stopped short of saying the talks
had failed, adding that he hoped
the world powers would use the
towns. Much of the attention has
focused on rebel-held Madaya,
where the United Nations has
documented starvation deaths.
On Wednesday, the militant
group Hezbollah, which backs
Mr. Assad, announced that gov-
ernment forces had cleared a
P r e s s R e a d e r. c o m

tions mediator, Staffan de Mis-
tura, said after meeting with the
opposition delegation on Wednes-
Nick Cumming-Bruce reported
from Geneva, and Somini Sengup-
ta from New York. Hwaida Saad
and Anne Barnard contributed re-
porting from Beirut, Lebanon,
and Julie Hirschfeld Davis from
London.
Thursday in London, where the
world’s rich countries are to dis-
cuss raising money to feed and
house Syrians scattered around
the world.
Last year, donors gave barely
half of what was needed; rations
were cut for Syrians living in
neighboring Jordan, Lebanon
and Turkey; and hundreds of
thousands of Syrians fled across
same time, the rebels and their
backers in Saudi Arabia and Tur-
key are hard-pressed to negotiate
a political deal, or even a truce,
without a guarantee that their
chief nemesis, President Bashar
al-Assad, will be ousted.
In a statement issued Wednes-
day from London, where he was
to attend the donor conference,
Secretary of State John Kerry
would represent the opposition
and what would be discussed,
and by the time both parties ar-
rived in Geneva, the goals were
ratcheted down. The opposition
delegation insisted that no politi-
cal negotiations could begin until
sieges had been lifted on rebel-
held towns, airstrikes halted and
political prisoners released.
Yet the suspension of the talks
pause to lean on Mr. Assad.
Mr. Hijab accused Russia of re-
peatedly bombing Aleppo, an an-
cient city on the Turkish border,
and accused the Syrian govern-
ment of using cluster bombs and
barrels that explode in midair
and hit civilians indiscriminately.
In a news conference across
town, Bashar al-Jaafari, the Syri-
an ambassador to the United Na-
rebel line that had laid siege for
three years to two government-
held towns: Zahra and Nubol.
A resident of Nubol, who gave
his name only as Youssef, said
residents were running low on
flour and fuel and looking for-
ward to the army’s advance on
the town. “We were living under
an unjust siege,” he said by tele-
phone.
 THE NEW YORK TIMES INTERNATIONAL THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 4, 2016 N A7

Railing Against Graft, a Georgian Leads Calls for a Cleanup in Ukraine

By ANDREW E. KRAMER
KHARKIV, Ukraine — It was
supposed to be a routine cabinet
meeting for Ukraine’s Western-
backed government. The interior
minister, Arsen B. Avakov, a
banker and businessman, was
reading a prepared speech about
privatizing state assets.
Finally, Mikheil Saakashvili,
the former president of Georgia,
who was appointed governor of
the Odessa region last summer
and has taken on the role of chief
corruption fighter here, had
heard enough, breaking in and
flatly accusing the minister of
wrongdoing.
“Blah, blah, blah,” Mr. Avakov
responded.
“Blah, blah, blah?” Mr. Saaka-
shvili snapped back. “Nobody
ever talked to me that way.”
Ministers and their aides
looked awkwardly down at their
feet or twirled pens.
Mr. Avakov returned to his
speech, but Mr. Saakashvili
stopped him again, shouting, “I
will prove that you are a thief!”
With that, Mr. Avakov hurled a
glass of water at Mr. Saakashvili.
“You are a bastard and a circus
artist,” he yelled. “Get the hell
out of my country!”
Mr. Saakashvili, 48, stared
down Mr. Avakov for a few mo-
ments, then spat out the word
“thief” and strode out of the
room.
While the water ended up on
the Ukrainian foreign minister,
Pavlo Klimkin, not on Mr. Saaka-
shvili, the confrontation that
many later compared to an ele-
mentary-school fight succeeded
in bringing to light a dangerous
fault line in Ukraine’s leadership,
one that threatens the West’s $40
billion effort to build the country
into a bulwark against President
Vladimir V. Putin’s Russia.
President Petro O. Poroshen-
ko’s appointment of Mr. Saaka-
shvili and a number of foreign
technocrats created tension be-
tween anticorruption forces and
those who want to respect a tacit
agreement made with the coun-
try’s business elite in exchange
for their support against pro-Rus-
sian forces.
The tension surfaced again on
Tuesday when Ukraine’s eco-
nomic minister resigned to pro-
test pressure on his ministry
from an oligarchic businessman
with ties to Mr. Poroshenko.
The minister, Aivaras Abro-
mavicius, a Lithuanian and one of
the foreign technocrats appoint-
Mikheil Saakashvili, the former president of Georgia, center, speaking with Ukrainian lawmakers on a train in January.
ed to root out corruption, said
that a businessman, Ihor Kono-
nenko, had lobbied to have his
loyalists appointed managers of a
government-owned ammonia fer-
tilizer company to skim off the
profits.
“I don’t want to be a smoke
screen for obvious corruption or
a marionette for those who want
to return control in the old style,”
he said.
The United States ambassador,
Geoffrey R. Pyatt, posted on
Twitter in support of the ag-
grieved minister, calling him one
of the country’s “great champi-
ons of reform,” as the gap wid-
ened between Ukraine’s oli-
garchs and a Western-backed, re-
formist wing of the government.
Standing astride that chasm is
Mr. Saakashvili, one of the post-
Soviet era’s most contentious and
best-known politicians in the re-
gion, a graduate of Columbia Law
School who came to power in his
native Georgia after the blood-
less Rose Revolution in 2003. So
impressed were Western politi-
cians that Mr. Saakashvili once
joked that when he walked
through Congress he turned
more heads than Britney Spears.
At home in Georgia, though, he
was a lightning rod for debate,
steering a pro-Western course
that culminated in a disastrous
war with Russia and an electoral
defeat. After a self-imposed exile
in Brooklyn, he is now reinvent-
ing himself in Ukraine.
Anger over corruption was one
of the major issues that animated
the protests in Independence
Square in Kiev, known as Mai-
dan, leading to the demise of the
pro-Russian government in
Ukraine. But two years and many
proclamations later, the coun-
try’s ranking in a standard gauge
of government malfeasance,
Transparency International’s
corruption perception index, has
barely budged: Ukraine has
moved to No. 130 in 2015, from
No. 144 in 2013, in the list.
That is little surprise to most
Ukrainians, since the new gov-
ernment of Mr. Poroshenko is
padded with people drawn from
the same corrupt business circles
as the old government.
And now it has fallen to the un-
likely person of Mr. Saakashvili,
an outsider in Ukraine, to try to
break the economic stranglehold
of those ultrarich insiders.
“I’m close to them, but I wasn’t
part of them,” Mr. Saakashvili
said in an interview here last
month. “People tend to trust out-
siders more than the decades-old
insiders.”
In addition to Mr. Saakashvili,
the president has appointed Nat-
alie Jaresko, an American-born
financial expert, as his finance
minister, and Maria Gaidar, a
Russian advocate of overhauls,
as Mr. Saakashvili’s deputy after
he was appointed head of Odessa
by Mr. Poroshenko.
“People expected with a real
revolution comes real change,”
Mr. Saakashvili said. “But we had
the revolution that basically
didn’t produce real change. Now
is the time to resolve this.”
Mr. Saakashvili said he saw his
PETE KIEHART FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
role as unwinding a central com-
promise of the postrevolution
government.
That deal, attributed to a for-
mer prime minister, Yulia V. Ty-
moshenko, offered the oligarchs a
chance to retain their wealth and
influence in return for loyalty in
the fight against Russia.
In exchange for appointments
as governors, the oligarchs
agreed to deploy their wealth to
finance private militias to fight
the separatists. Igor V. Kolomois-
ky, a gas station and airline ty-
coon, was appointed governor of
the Dnipropetrovsk region,
where he founded Ukraine’s most
powerful private militia, the Dni-
pro-1 battalion.
Mr. Kolomoisky is now out of
office, and Mr. Poroshenko has
taken steps to incorporate Dni-
pro-1 and other private militias
into the army.
But with the war now seeming-
ly winding down, Mr. Saakashvili
argues, it is also time to strip the
oligarchs of their ability to pull
revenue out of Ukrainian state
companies, lest the public lose
faith in the new government.
It is time, Mr. Saakashvili said,
to renege on the deal.
“The problem is, they had this
agreement with the old elite,” Mr.
Saakashvili said, not with ordi-
nary Ukrainians.
Rather than renationalize as-
sets, as Mr. Putin did to sideline
Russia’s oligarchs a decade or so
ago, Mr. Saakashvili suggested
that Ukraine could elbow the ul-
trarich from politics by cleaning
up state-owned enterprises.
“You can just cleanse them of
their oligarch manager and basi-
cally destroy or abolish this joint
stock company of oligarchs that
is what they see, what they re-
gard, as Ukraine,” he said.
Mr. Saakashvili has faced some
resistance to his plans, and not
just from the oligarchs. Arseniy
P. Yatsenyuk, the prime minister
who speaks fluent English and
portrays himself as a Westerniz-
er, has insisted that the govern-
ment stand by its agreement with
those who backed the fight
against Russian separatism, in-
cluding the interior minister, Mr.
Avakov.
Mr. Saakashvili, a shrewd poli-
tician with a populist streak, has
set about organizing rallies
around Ukraine to build a grass-
roots anti-oligarch movement
called Cleaning Up Ukraine. And
he started the movement, point-
edly, here in Mr. Avakov’s home-
town, Kharkiv, in January.
“What I hear from Ukrainians,
unfortunately, is it’s never been
this bad in Ukraine,” Mr. Saaka-
shvili told the crowd in Kharkiv.
“We need to change this govern-
ment. Who do we need to change
it for? For us, for you and for me.”
Mr. Saakashvili spoke of post-
Soviet malaise, of kleptocrats and
party hacks who steal the peo-
ple’s money and hope. The crowd
soon warmed to his heavily ac-
cented Russian. Given the anger
at corruption, it seemed to work.
The oligarchs who feed the rot-
ten politics of Ukraine, even now,
he said, must go. People chanted
and cheered.
Afterward, Mr. Saakashvili
waded into the crowd. The poor
and elderly in frayed sweaters
and cheap overcoats pressed in,
asking him to lead them out of
the mess.
Women sidled up to snap pic-
tures. In the swirl, Mr. Saaka-
shvili smiled and soaked up the
attention. “He’s our last chance!”
somebody yelled.

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P r e s s R e a d e r. c o m
A8 N THE NEW YORK TIMES INTERNATIONAL THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 4, 2016

BAGHDAD JOURNAL

At an Iraqi Starting Line,

Talk of New Beginnings
By TIM ARANGO
BAGHDAD — Naji Abdulamir
used to run all over Baghdad but
preferred the farmlands along
the banks of the Tigris. Karim
Aboud once ran for Saddam Hus-
sein and has the gold watch and
the newspaper clippings to prove
it. Falih Naji ran for Iraq at a
competition in India in 1982, and
recalled, “There was no higher
honor than representing your
country.”
The three men — now in their
60s, elder statesmen of Iraq’s tiny
running community — were
awash in memories last week
ahead of the Baghdad Interna-
tional Marathon, the first in as
long as anyone could remember.
In fact, the race was not a
marathon at all. Rather than the
standard 26.2 miles, Baghdad’s
version was a road race that al-
lowed participants their choice of
a lesser distance: two, four, eight
or 10 kilometers.
That mattered little.
DMITRY KOSTYUKOV FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
“I feel like a kid on Eid,” said
Mr. Abdulamir, a running coach
Soldiers patrolled by the Cathedral of Notre-Dame in Paris. Critics say a state of emergency has lasted too long, with few results. and former star of the Iraqi na-
tional team.
night without security. It was
normal,” he said.
Traveling from one war-torn
country to another, Mohammed
Dhaifallah, the coach of the two
young Yemeni runners who par-
ticipated, said: “We were very
concerned. We were concerned
about security. But we felt O.K.
after seeing the streets filled with
people and cars.”
The day before the race, Mr.
Aboud was delving back into the
old days, showing off vintage
press clippings and photographs.
There were races in Bahrain and
Algeria, and he proudly recalled
winning a 10,000-meter race put
on by the military in 1986 in Mo-
sul, Iraq’s second-largest city,
which has for more than a year
and a half been under Islamic
State control. “Once, Saddam
came to watch a race,” he said,
and he smiled as he recalled
shaking the dictator’s hand.
Riding the bus on the way to
the race, Bashar Hamadi, a 30-
year-old Syrian who moved from
Hasaka to Damascus in recent
years as a brutal civil war con-
vulsed his country, said to a re-
porter, before a conversation had

France Seeks to Extend Emergency Despite Protests

By AURELIEN BREEDEN
PARIS — Despite widespread
protests across the country in re-
cent days, the French govern-
ment confirmed on Wednesday
that it would seek a three-month
extension of the state of emer-
gency it declared after the at-
tacks in and around Paris that
left 130 people dead in November.
The extension is one of several
pieces of legislation that the gov-
ernment has been pushing for
since the attacks, including a bill
that would increase the powers of
the police and antiterrorism in-
vestigators, as well as a much-
debated proposal to strip the citi-
zenship of people convicted of
terrorism. The citizenship pro-
posal recently prompted the
French justice minister to quit.
President François Hollande
declared the state of emergency
a day after the coordinated at-
tacks on Nov. 13, which were car-
ried out by teams of Islamic State
gunmen. The French Parliament
voted several days later to ex-
tend it for a three-month period
that expires on Feb. 26. Law-
makers are expected to approve critics say has lasted too long and
the new extension this month. provided few results. Nils Muiz-
The state of emergency ex- nieks, the Council of Europe’s hu-
pands the powers of the French man rights commissioner, wrote
authorities, letting them carry in the newspaper Le Monde on
out police raids and put people Wednesday that the extension
under house arrest without the would usher in a “difficult period
prior authorization of a judge. for human rights in France.”
Mr. Hollande’s office said in a “This state of emergency
statement after a weekly cabinet seems to have had relatively lim-
meeting on Wednesday that the ited concrete effects in terms of
police had conducted 3,289 raids fighting against terrorism,” Mr.
since the attacks, and that 303 Muiznieks wrote, “but it has on
people were under house arrest. the other hand greatly restricted
The number of new raids and the exercise of fundamental liber-
house arrests has dropped signif- ties and weakened certain guar-
icantly since the first few weeks antees of the rule of law.”
after Nov. 13, but the statement Another bill introduced on
said France still faced a “very Wednesday would increase the
high” terrorist threat, citing re- powers of antiterrorism officials
cent attacks abroad and at home. and security forces. Judges and
Stéphane Le Foll, a govern- human rights associations argue
ment spokesman, said at a news that it is the government’s way of
conference after the cabinet continuing to use extraordinary
meeting that the state of emer- security measures after the state
gency was “necessary” and had of emergency ends.
been “useful.” He added that it The bill, which Parliament is
“must continue to be useful.” expected to vote on next month,
Thousands of people took to would let prosecutors order bag
the streets last week to protest and vehicle searches near “sensi-
the state of emergency, which tive” sites and enable the police
thecompanystore.com
to hold people for up to four hours
during an identity check if they
were deemed suspicious, even if
they produced documentation. It
would also let officials place peo-
ple trying to leave for, or re-
turning from, “terrorist operat-
ing theaters” like Syria and Iraq
under house arrest for a month.
The bill also loosens restric-
tions on the use of firearms for
police officers, who currently can
shoot only in self-defense. It
would let officers use their guns
against someone who has com-
mitted or attempted murder and
is deemed likely to repeat these
acts within a short time period.
Separately, the National As-
sembly, the lower house of Parlia-
ment, will start discussing a bill
on Friday that aims to modify the
Constitution. It would create an
article setting, but not fundamen-
tally changing, conditions for de-
claring a state of emergency, cur-
rently enshrined in a regular law.
The government argues that
this will prevent future govern-
ments from easily changing
these conditions, which include
mandatory parliamentary ap-
proval for extending a state of
emergency beyond 12 days.
But the second proposed
change to the Constitution, which
would allow judges to strip the
citizenship of those convicted of
terrorism, has proved much more
divisive and complex. Most poli-
ticians recognize that it is a sym-
bolic measure that would do little
to deter would-be terrorists, and
it has become the focal point of
intense political debate.
The government initially said
the bill would make it possible to
strip the nationality of French-
born dual nationals convicted of
terrorism. This prompted accusa-
tions that officials were unfairly
targeting binational citizens and
set off weeks of increasingly bit-
ter and confusing discussions on
acceptable wording that would
not anger too many legislators.
The bill also has to be exam-
ined by the Senate, the upper
house of Parliament. After the
two houses have agreed on a
common version of the bill, they
will vote on it jointly. A majority
of three-fifths is required to enact
the changes to the Constitution.
Mr. Naji said the race, held Fri-
day, was “a start of something,
after a very long time.”
“We used to have organized
competitions like this in the
1970s,” he said. “I’m very happy.
It’s a dream.”
The 1970s and early 1980s still
exert a powerful pull on Iraqis of
Mr. Naji’s age. High oil prices
were fueling a construction
boom, the Baath Party had yet to
show the full scope of its cruelty,
and it was before wars and sanc-
tions hollowed out Iraqi society.
Then, Iraq was oriented toward
the Arab world; Iran was not the
patron and ally it is today, but
rather an avowed enemy.
All of this was felt through the
arena of athletics. “There was a
time when Iraq was like the mas-
ter of Arab countries in sports,”
said Maitham Taher, the spokes-
man for the Baghdad race.
For the government, the run
was partly an exercise in image-
building for the city. It was a way
to portray Baghdad as safe and
pleasant, even though it faces fre-
quent attacks by the Islamic
State and suffers at the hands of
ascendant Shiite militias that are
controlled by Iran and blamed for
a rise in kidnappings and gang-
land-style killings.
The racecourse was symbolic
enough: a strip of the airport
road, the expressway once
known as the “highway of death”
and a grim symbol of the United
States’ inability to control a
growing insurgency.
Organizers said that most of
the nearly 2,000 participants who
signed up were Iraqis, but there
were 32 runners who flew in from
eight countries, dressed in track
suits of their nations’ colors: Mo-
rocco, Sudan, Egypt, Ethiopia,
Somalia, Lebanon, Syria and
Yemen. Most arrived the night
before the race, and hit the tread-
mill at the hotel and carbo-loaded
on rice and pasta to prepare.
Mohammed Hussein, the head
of the Egyptian delegation, said
that despite the violence gripping
the country and the fact that a
third of Iraq was in the hands of
Islamic State extremists, “I came
to deliver an important message:
that Iraq is a stable country.”
“I took a regular bus from the
airport. I went for a walk last
Falih Hassan contributed report-
ing.
even started, “I don’t want to talk
about politics, only running.”
He explained his love of the
sport: “Whenever I run, I think
big dreams.”
The weather for the race was
picture-perfect, like a New Eng-
land fall day: brilliant sunshine, a
chilly bite to the air. As runners
KHALID AL-MOUSILY/REUTERS
Race participants ran through
Baghdad on Friday. The event
drew close to 2,000 runners.
gathered at the start, the master
of ceremonies praised the securi-
ty forces, the militias and the re-
vered Shiite martyr Imam Hus-
sein, proclaiming: “Baghdad is
victorious. Baghdad is the city of
peace.”
There were chants for the pop-
ular militia leaders Hadi al-Ameri
and Qais al-Khazali. There was a
sea of color, too — the pinks, or-
anges, yellows and blues of the
official race T-shirt — and men in
track suits and women in head
scarves. All got medals.
One of the racers was Thamir
Khazal, a soldier two weeks off
the front lines in Anbar Province.
He stood at the starting line and
smoked a cigarette, and said that
running “keeps my health in
good standing.”
A cigarette, he said, is a better
pre-race pick-me-up than an en-
ergy drink.
Thrilled to be part of it all was
Talib al-Safar, the president of the
Iraqi athletic federation, who
raced the hurdles for Iraq in the
1970s. “Baghdad is a great city,”
he said. “We owe everything to
Baghdad. We had to do some-
thing special for Baghdad.”
He added, confidently: “Next
year will be a half-marathon. And
maybe in the future we will have
a full marathon.”

World Briefing
When one is not enough... MIDDLE EAST EUROPE

Yemen: An Airstrike Kills at Least 15
the stock up & save An airstrike by a military coalition led by Saudi Ara-
bia hit a cement factory north of the capital on
Wednesday, killing at least 15 people, including civil-
Russia: Punk Group Releases New Video
The Russian punk protest group Pussy Riot on
Wednesday released a music video savaging the
country’s prosecutor general, Yuri Y. Chaika, who

WHITE SALE ian workers in nearby businesses, according to local

security and medical officials. The coalition has been
fighting since March on behalf of Yemen’s exiled
government to defeat a rebel movement from the
north known as the Houthis. The cement factory, in
Amran Province, had been idle since it was hit by
airstrikes earlier in the war, according to a security
official in Amran, who requested anonymity because
locked up three members of the group in 2012, two of
them for nearly two years. The video is a black sat-
ire of the Russian criminal justice system and al-
ludes to accusations of wrongdoing in Mr. Chaika’s
office. Mr. Chaika has denied any wrongdoing. The
group’s members were jailed in 2012 after perform-
ing a protest concert in a Moscow cathedral.
ANDREW E. KRAMER

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South Africa: Zuma to Repay Funds
President Jacob Zuma agreed on Wednesday to re-
pay the government part of the $23 million in public
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Iran: Former BBC Journalist Is Arrested
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the African National Congress. The improvements
to Mr. Zuma’s home, in KwaZulu-Natal Province,

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sure, an amphitheater, three houses for Mr. Zuma’s
employees and a chicken coop. Mr. Zuma did not
specify how much he would repay. A public protec-
tor concluded in 2014 that Mr. Zuma had misappro-
priated government funds, failed to stop his archi-
tect and other contractors from piling on costs and
“benefited unduly” from the renovations, in a man-

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ner “inconsistent with his office.” Mr. Zuma’s office
acknowledged “irregularities” but said that the
president had done nothing wrong.
RICK GLADSTONE SEWELL CHAN

Israeli Police Officer Is Killed in Attack by 3 Palestinians
Another Is Injured;
Gunmen Are Shot
By ISABEL KERSHNER
JERUSALEM — Three Pales-
tinian men armed with automatic
rifles, knives and pipe bombs at-
tacked Israeli border police offi-
cers in East Jerusalem on
Wednesday, killing one officer
and wounding another. The three
assailants were fatally shot by of-
ficers at the scene.
The assault was the latest in a
four-month wave of Palestinian
attacks against Israeli security
forces and civilians. Israeli offi-
cials said the officers were at-
tacked after they became suspi-
cious and approached two of the
men, asking to see their identity
cards. Those two men began to
stab and shoot at the officers, the
police said, and a third assailant
fired at the police from behind.
The two police officers who
were injured were both female.
One — Hadar Cohen, 19 — died of
her wounds a few hours later at a
hospital.
The attack took place in a pre-
dominantly Palestinian area of
East Jerusalem, near the Damas-
cus Gate of the Old City. It was
not immediately clear where the
assailants were going when the
officers approached them.
Officials said that the officers
had apparently headed off what
could have been a much deadlier
attack. The pipe bombs the as-
sailants were carrying did not go
off at the scene; they were det-
onated harmlessly later by bomb
disposal experts.
Palestinians using knives,
guns and vehicles as weapons
have killed at least 27 Israelis
since Oct. 1. More than 155 Pales-
tinians have been killed in the
same period, according to the Is-
raeli authorities, who said most
were assailants and others were
killed in clashes with Israeli
forces. On Sunday a Palestinian
police officer shot three Israeli
soldiers at a West Bank check-
point before being killed by sol-
diers.
Maj. Gen. Nitzan Alon, a senior
Rami Nazzal contributed report-
ing from Ramallah, West Bank.
Taiwanese Families Receive Letters Decades After Executions
From Page A4
To her mother he wrote: “Be-
fore long I will leave this earth. I
am trying to stay calm, to talk
with you for the first and last
time on this paper. I fear you
can’t imagine what it’s like, alas.
To face this moment and be un-
able to see you once, to hug you
once, to kiss you once ... I am
heartbroken. My regret is unend-
ing.”
Ms. Chang said her mother’s
response to the letter has not
changed since the first time she
read it.
“Every time she reads it, it’s
the same,” Ms. Chang said.
“From the first word she starts
crying. She had never seen her
father, so it was like he didn’t ex-
ist, but when she saw the letter
she knew she had a father, and
that he loved her.”
While Taiwan’s government
has reckoned with some of the
traumas of its past — for exam-
ple, by creating a museum de-
voted to a notorious 1947 massa-
cre — researchers say far fewer
resources have been devoted to
chronicling the decades of politi-
cal repression under the rule of
Chiang Kai-shek’s Kuomintang,
the Chinese Nationalist Party
that ruled Taiwan as a one-party
state from 1945 until Taiwan’s
first democratic presidential elec-
tion in 1996.
Academics say that little is
known about the mechanics of re-
pression under the Kuomintang,
and that there has not been a
thorough and transparent exami-
nation of the archives. Though re-
searchers believe many records
were destroyed, they also believe
others have been kept from sur-
Owen Guo contributed research
from Beijing.
A Long-Missing British Aristocrat Is Ruled Dead, Again
From Page A4
Monetary Fund.
At a time of flux and malaise,
the lurid tale of aristocratic impu-
nity astonished the country.
The search for Lord Lucan be-
gan on Nov. 7, 1974, after his es-
tranged wife, Veronica Duncan,
bleeding from head wounds,
burst into a pub and shouted:
“He’s in the house! He’s mur-
dered the nanny!”
The couple had separated in
1972, and Lord Lucan had moved
out of the house to a home near-
by. He had heavy gambling debts
and was battling his wife for cus-
tody of their three children.
Inside the house, at 46 Lower
Investigators on Wednesday near the body of a man who was killed after he and two others attacked officers in East Jerusalem.
Israeli military commander who
briefed reporters on Wednesday
before the attack, said that the re-
cent surge in violence was not
likely to end soon and that the
army assumed it would continue
throughout 2016.
According to the police, the
three assailants on Wednesday
were all around 20 or 21 and came
from Qabatiya, a village in the
northern West Bank. Palestinian
news media reports identified
them as Ahmad Zakarna, Mu-
hammad Kamil and Ahmad Abu
al-Rub.
Mr. Zakarna had made his in-
tentions clear in a Facebook post
more than a month ago. “We are
writing with his precious blood,
and in the name of freedom,” he
wrote, referring to a childhood
friend from Qabatiya who was fa-
tally shot by Israeli forces in No-
vember after he tried to stab a
soldier at another West Bank
A photo album handmade in prison by Liu Yao-ting, a victim of the White Terror.
facing through willful neglect.
“We know there are hundreds
of thousands of records you can
get access to, but there has been
no systematic effort to go
through them,” said Huang
Chang-ling, a professor of politi-
cal science at National Taiwan
University. “What’s the percent-
age we have seen? It could be 10
percent or 90 percent. I have no
idea, and I don’t think anyone
does.”
After receiving the photocop-
ied letters from her grandfather,
Ms. Chang’s family pushed the
government to return the origi-
nal letters. The government
balked at first, arguing that the
documents belonged in the ar-
chive. In 2011, with the help of the
Belgrave Street, police officers
found the body of Ms. Rivett, who
was 29; she had been bludgeoned
to death with a lead pipe and
placed in a canvas mail bag in the
basement. It was not clear why
Lord Lucan might have killed
her, but one theory is that he had
mistaken her for his wife.
Soon after, a Ford Corsair that
Lord Lucan had borrowed from a
friend was found, abandoned and
bloodstained, in Newhaven, East
Sussex, southeast of London. An
inquest jury declared him the kill-
er in 1975.
When Mr. Berriman, the vic-
tim’s son, raised his objections
last fall, he asked the British tab-
loid The Daily Mail, “Why on
THE NEW YORK TIMES INTERNATIONAL THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 4, 2016
checkpoint, the Israeli military
said.
“Your men are coming with
gunfire,” Mr. Zakarna wrote in
his post. “May you rest in peace
in heaven and may God grant us
the privilege of becoming mar-
tyrs.”
Ali Zakarna, a cousin of Mr.
Zakarna and a spokesman for
Fatah, the mainstream Palestin-
ian party, in Qabatiya, said the
three Palestinian assailants in
Wednesday’s attack were good
friends of the man who was fa-
tally shot in November. “Our chil-
dren’s actions are only a reaction
to the continuous harsh Israeli
occupation,” Mr. Zakarna said.
“The shooting and killing of their
friend,” he continued, “encour-
aged these youths to seek re-
venge against the enemy.”
Local officials said the Israeli
military had surrounded Qabati-
ya and was not allowing anyone
Taiwan Association for Truth and
Reconciliation, they were finally
given to her family.
The association, a nongovern-
mental organization housed in a
walk-up in central Taipei, collects
letters and personal effects do-
nated by relatives of those exe-
cuted. Its chief executive, Yeh
Hung-ling, hopes they can one
day be displayed in a museum
devoted to the White Terror.
Among the mementos are fam-
ily photo albums that once be-
longed to executed prisoners. A
number of prisoners decorated
the books with ornately folded
candy wrappers, using the ma-
terials they had to pass the time,
Ms. Yeh said. Some of the letters
are written in a pidgin Chinese, a
earth would Lord Lucan’s son
want to carry on a title that is
linked to a possible murderer?”
But Mr. Berriman and Mr.
Bingham, who are months apart
in age, appear to have reached a
reconciliation. On Wednesday,
they made conciliatory com-
ments in separate remarks to re-
porters outside the courthouse.
“This has been a complicated
case, the murder of Sandra Riv-
ett, my mother,” Mr. Berriman
said. “I feel that Mr. Bingham
and myself have a great deal in
common, and would sooner try to
work with the family as against
them.”
Mr. Berriman said “the last
five years has been a roller-coast-
to enter or leave.
General Alon, who heads the
military’s operations directorate,
said “the footprints of Hamas,”
the Islamic militant group that
controls Gaza, could be seen in
efforts to encourage terrorism,
even though most of the assail-
ants were “lone wolves,” acting
without the assistance of any or-
ganization.
In a statement on Wednesday,
Hamas praised the attack but did
not claim responsibility for it.
General Alon said that the
army was not taking measures
like sealing off the West Bank or
stopping Palestinians from work-
ing in Israel because it was im-
portant to keep the Palestinian
economy functioning. Distin-
guishing between assailants and
innocent civilians is “a very im-
portant part of counterterror-
ism,” he said.
In the briefing, the general also
BILLY H. C. KWOK FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
reminder that many held in the
Kuomintang prison where the
Sheraton Grand Taipei sits today
had only limited knowledge of
written Chinese, the result of 50
years of Japanese colonization.
Most are short and formal, but
their simple messages belie their
importance to the families.
For Ms. Guo, the letters were a
breakthrough in a life spent col-
lecting clues about what hap-
pened to her father after he was
taken away by the secret police
when she was 3.
She said her mother harbored
anger at her father for putting
politics ahead of their family and
risking everything by joining an
underground Communist group.
“She was just 23,” Ms. Guo
er ride of depression and stress,”
but struck a conciliatory tone.
“I’d like to congratulate
George Bingham on his passion
for closure,” he said, adding:
“This is closure and a time to
move forward for him and his
family. I can understand that he
wants to move on with his life,
but for me this is something, at
this moment, cannot happen.”
Mr. Bingham, for his part, ex-
pressed compassion for Mr. Ber-
riman’s suffering. He said his fa-
ther’s fate was a mystery.
“My own personal view — and
it was one I took, I think, as an
8-year-old boy — is that he’s un-
fortunately been dead since that
time,” Mr. Bingham said. “In the
AMMAR AWAD/REUTERS
spoke about Israel’s regional se-
curity concerns. He said that the
international accord reached last
year to limit Iran’s nuclear pro-
gram was “not the best accord,”
but that it had made the nuclear
threat from Iran “less urgent” for
Israel. He added that the removal
of Iran’s stockpile of low-en-
riched uranium “has delayed the
ability of Iran to build a bomb.”
Deal or no deal, he said, the
“strategic challenges to Israel
mainly come from Iran,” includ-
ing Iran’s support for militias like
Hezbollah and Hamas and the
country’s continued development
of longer-range missiles.
Still, General Alon said, the Is-
raeli military believes that Iran
will have little interest in vio-
lating the nuclear accord in the
next three to five years. Low oil
prices make it “essential for
Iran,” he said, to reap the finan-
cial “fruits” of the accord instead.
said. “She went from being a little
girl attending school to getting
married. It was a simple envi-
ronment, and then the heavens
crumbled. She kept thinking, why
did you do this? Why did you
leave the burden to me?”
The letter helped her mother
forgive, but it arrived only at the
end of her life, when her mind
was failing.
In some cases, the letters have
reopened emotional debates.
Some scholars argue that people
like Ms. Guo’s father were not un-
justly persecuted, in his case be-
cause he joined a Communist
group at a time when the Kuo-
mintang was emerging from a
decades-long war against the
Chinese Communist Party.
Ms. Guo says that his Commu-
nism had no connection to China,
and that it was a reaction to Kuo-
mintang repression. Either way,
she says, the most important
thing is for records to be cata-
loged and released.
“For a long time people re-
mained silent on this issue,” she
said. “How much have we re-
gressed as a society? So many
people were killed and impris-
oned, what effect does it have?
These should all be up for dis-
cussion.”
For some families, such dis-
cussions are impossible. Ms.
Chang’s grandmother died be-
fore she could see the letter from
her husband, in which he told her
to remarry. In a book about the
letters, Ms. Chang’s mother con-
templates the unknowable loss of
a message never delivered:
“Six years a married woman,
56 years a widow. For her whole
life, my mother never saw the let-
ter and she never remarried. His-
tory has no ifs, but if the letter got
to my mother the year it was
sent, would she have had the
same life?”
circumstances, I think it’s quite
possible that he saw his life at an
end — regardless of guilt or oth-
erwise — of being dragged
through the courts and through
the media would have destroyed
his personal life, his career and
the chances of getting custody of
his children back. And that may
well have pushed the man to end
his own life. But I have no idea.”
He added: “To hear that your
father is racist, a snob, a poster
boy for the aristocracy in the ’70s
didn’t sit very well with the rath-
er charming, rather lovely and
kind man that I knew. Neverthe-
less, people, if they leave a party
early, get to be speculated about,
don’t they?”
N A9
Journalist
Tells His Wife
He Is Being
Held in China
By CHRIS BUCKLEY
BEIJING — A Chinese journal-
ist who disappeared while seek-
ing refuge in Thailand told his
wife by telephone on Wednesday
that he had returned to China and
was being held by the police, she
said.
The 10-minute call was the first
sign of life the journalist, Li Xin,
had given to his wife, He Fang-
mei, since he disappeared near
Thailand’s border with Laos last
month. Mr. Li had been trying for
months to avoid returning to Chi-
na, fearing that he would be per-
secuted here for having revealed
that state security operatives had
coerced him into becoming an in-
formant, and for having de-
scribed censorship in the state-
run news media.
“He said, ‘Wife, it’s me, Li
Xin,’” Ms. He said by telephone
from her home in Henan Prov-
ince, in central China. “He said
that he’d returned to China vol-
untarily and was under investiga-
tion, but he didn’t say where he
was in China.”
“He told me to celebrate the
New Year holiday with his family
and to make sure I kept healthy,”
she added. The annual Lunar
New Year holiday starts Sunday
evening.
Mr. Li had been an editor for
the website of The Southern Met-
ropolitan Daily, a popular and
sometimes combative Chinese
newspaper. Neither the Chinese
nor the Thai governments had
said whether they were holding
Mr. Li.
Asked about the case on
Wednesday, the Thai authorities
said immigra-
tion records in-
dicated that
Mr. Li was still
in Thailand.
Sek Wanna-
methee, a
spokesman for
the Thai For-
eign Ministry,
said there was Li Xin
no “record as
yet as to whether he has left the
country.”
“There is no indication whatso-
ever that Mr. Li Xin was ab-
ducted from Thailand,” Mr. Sek
said in a message, without elab-
orating.
But Ms. He maintained that the
phone call from her husband in-
dicated that he had become the
latest in a series of Chinese citi-
zens or foreigners with Chinese
ancestry who have been impelled
while abroad to go to China to co-
operate with secretive inquiries.
Critics have said that these
people are victims of illicit rendi-
tions by increasingly bold Chi-
nese security forces, and Ms. He
said she believed that Mr. Li
would have returned to China
only under force or threats, de-
spite his assertion that he came
back freely.
“His tone was like they’d given
him guidance,” Ms. He said. She
said that her husband sounded
calm, but that he had told her not
to interrupt him with questions.
“I said to him, ‘Where are you?
Just where are you? Tell me. At
the very least, I have to find a
lawyer for you,’” Ms. He said.
“But the line was silent for a long
time, and I knew someone at his
side was telling him what to say,
and he said, ‘Don’t get involved.
Don’t ask so much. I’m doing
fine.’”
In the call, Mr. Li did not speci-
fy why he was under investiga-
tion, referring only to “that case,”
Ms. He said, adding that she took
that to refer to claims that Mr. Li
made, after arriving in India in
October, that Chinese state secu-
rity agents had coerced him into
becoming an informant against
fellow journalists and friends
who worked for civic groups.
In October, Gui Minhai, a book
publisher in Hong Kong who was
born in China and holds Swedish
citizenship, disappeared from his
vacation home in the Thai coastal
town of Pattaya. He was shown
on Chinese television last month
confessing to having violated his
probation in a deadly road acci-
dent by leaving China in 2003.
In November, two Chinese dis-
sidents in Thailand, Jiang Yefei
and Dong Guanping, were sent
back to China despite having
been recognized as refugees by
the United Nations refugee agen-
cy. The Chinese police later said
that the men were suspected of
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CO PY R I G H T A N D P R OT E C T E D BY A P P L I C A B L E L AW
crimes involving illegal border
crossing.
Mr. Li had first gone to India,
apparently hoping to obtain a
visa to the United States, where
he intended to apply for asylum.
Failing that, he hoped to extend
his stay in India. He succeeded at
P r e s s R e a d e r. c o m
neither, and decided to go to
Thailand. There, he hoped to re-
ceive official status as a refugee
and qualify for settlement in an-
other country, Ms. He said. To do
that, he had to leave Thailand
and re-enter with a new tourist
visa.
Thomas Fuller contributed re-
porting from Bangkok.
A10 N THE NEW YORK TIMES INTERNATIONAL THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 4, 2016
An infant with microcephaly was bathed Monday in Recife, Brazil. Among the 404 confirmed microcephaly cases since October, 17 have tested positive for Zika.
Guidelines May Lead to Over-Reporting of Defect in Brazil
By VINOD SREEHARSHA
RIO DE JANEIRO — Brazil’s
government is considering tight-
ening the guidelines it currently
gives doctors, hospitals, and
health care providers for when to
report infants born with abnor-
mally small heads, a move in-
tended to reduce the number of
false alarms that it has received
in wake of the Zika epidemic grip-
ping Brazil.
In the last few months, the na-
tion has been grappling with a
growing surge in medical reports
of microcephaly, a rare condition
in which babies are born with un-
usually small heads. According to
data released this week by the
Ministry of Health, there have
been 4,783 reported cases since
October last year.
Before that, the nation had
about 150 annually.
But how many of the babies ac-
tually have microcephaly — and
whether the condition was
caused by the Zika virus — is still
far from clear.
Of the 3,670 reported cases ex-
amined so far, 404 have been con-
firmed as having microcephaly.
Only 17 of them tested positive
for the Zika virus. But the gov-
ernment and many researchers
say that number may be largely
irrelevant, because their tests
Zika’s Surge Has Brazilians Re-examining Legal Limitations on Abortion
From Page A1
the World Health Organization
declared an international public
health emergency on Monday,
noting that its “experts agreed
that a causal relationship be-
tween Zika infection during preg-
nancy and microcephaly is
strongly suspected.”
Some Brazilian doctors are al-
ready encountering pregnant
women seeking abortions be-
cause of the spike in microcepha-
ly cases. Dr. Artur Timerman, an
infectious-disease specialist in
São Paulo, said that two patients
had spoken with him in recent
weeks about ending their preg-
nancies because they had tested
positive for the Zika virus.
“They come to my office and
ask, ‘Is there a chance for my
baby to have microcephaly?’” he
said. “We need to inform them
there is. They ask if the chance is
big or small. I respond, ‘I don’t
know.’ They ask what I would do
in their position. I tell them it’s a
personal decision, only that the
chance is a real one.”
“Later,” he said, “both patients
told me they had abortions.”
The debate over whether wom-
en should be allowed to have
abortions in microcephaly cases
could reverberate across the re-
gion. The outbreak in the West-
ern Hemisphere is believed to
have begun in Brazil, the country
with the most Zika infections by
far. But it has spread to more
than 25 countries and territories
in the Americas, some with abor-
tion laws as restrictive as Bra-
zil’s, if not more so.
The push to relax abortion re-
strictions in Brazil raises difficult
issues on many sides of the argu-
ment. The most severe cases of
microcephaly can usually be de-
Catherine Saint Louis contributed
reporting from New York, Anna
Jean Kaiser from Rio de Janeiro,
and Paula Moura from São Paulo,
Brazil.
would find the presence of the vi-
rus in only a tiny percentage of
cases.
Another 709 babies have been
ruled out as having microcepha-
ly, according to the government,
underscoring the risks of false
positives making the epidemic
appear larger than it actually is.
The remaining 3,670 cases are
still being investigated. In a re-
corded message to the nation
that was broadcast on Wednes-
day night, President Dilma Rous-
seff said “each federal public offi-
cial has to transform into a com-
batant against the mosquito and
its reproduction.” 
As is often the case with global
health epidemics, the numbers
have caused confusion. Some
have wondered if Brazil was
overstating the extent of its
health crisis.
But several independent ex-
perts said that many of the false
positives were the result of an ap-
propriate amount of caution and
care by the Brazilian authorities.
The government began requir-
ing local health officials to report
suspected cases of microcephaly
in October. It did so after doctors
in Zika-stricken areas began see-
ing an alarming increase in ba-
bies being born with unusually
small heads and the brain dam-
age that often comes with it. Bra-
tected with ultrasound scans
around the end of the second tri-
mester, or roughly 24 weeks. Sup-
porters of Brazil’s existing abor-
tion laws contend that such late-
term abortions intensify an al-
ready wrenching decision.
“With microcephaly, the child
is already very much formed, and
the parents are conscious of this,”
said Dr. Lenise Garcia, a biology
professor at the University of
Brasília and the president of Bra-
zil Without Abortion, a group
against easing the abortion laws.
“Getting an abortion creates guilt
that will stay with the woman for
the rest of her life.”
Judge Jesseir Coelho de Alcân-
tara, who has publicly stated that
abortion should be allowed in mi-
crocephaly cases, acknowledged
that the issue is complex.
“I know this is very difficult be-
cause the subject is new, requires
thorough discussion and a great
deal of religious influences per-
sists,” said Judge Coelho de
Alcântara, of Goiás State. “But
my position is that abortion for
microcephaly should be allowed.”
Proponents of changing the
abortion law cite a 2012 ruling by
the Supreme Federal Tribunal of
Brazil allowing abortions when
the fetus has anencephaly, a seri-
ous birth defect in which parts of
the brain or skull are missing. Al-
most all babies with anencephaly
die shortly after birth, the Cen-
ters for Disease Control and Pre-
vention says. But microcephaly is
far less predictable. Even when it
is detected before birth, doctors
often cannot say what the effects
will be, potentially complicating
decisions about abortion.
“Some children with severe-
appearing brain malformations
seem to be relatively unaffected,”
said Dr. Hannah M. Tully, a neu-
rologist at Seattle Children’s Hos-
pital specializing in brain malfor-
mations. “Yet others with rela-
tively minor structural problems
may have profound disabilities.”
At least 10 percent of babies
zilian researchers then linked the
condition to the virus, which had
only recently made its way to
Brazil.
The government originally told
health professionals to report
suspected microcephaly cases
when a baby’s head at birth was
33 centimeters, or 13 inches, or
less. At that time, very little was
known about the virus and its
possible effects on pregnancy, so
officials here did what is common
An abundance of
caution in the early
days of the epidemic.
in public health surveillance
cases: They set broad criteria to
make sure they were catching as
many cases as possible.
But that standard also meant
that there were many false posi-
tives of babies being reported
who were actually healthy, said
Claudio Maierovitch, director of
the department of surveillance of
communicable diseases at Bra-
zil’s health ministry.
“The protocol was initiated in
October, when we had many
Dr. Angela Rocha, 67, with the tomography results for a microcephalic baby in Recife last week.
with microcephaly have no men-
tal deficits. These children end up
“intellectually and developmen-
tally normal,” said Dr. Constan-
tine A. Stratakis, a pediatric ge-
neticist and a scientific director
at the National Institute of Child
Health and Human Development
in Bethesda, Md. But any child
whose head measures “three or
four standard deviations below
the mean, then it’s very unlikely
that you will be dealing with nor-
mal intelligence.”
In Brazil, abortions are allowed
only in cases of rape or anen-
cephaly or when the mother’s life
is in danger. Until recently, con-
servative lawmakers had been
seeking to make legal abortions
harder to get, reflecting the influ-
ence of Roman Catholic leaders
and the increasingly powerful
preachers at the helm of a grow-
ing evangelical Christian move-
doubts about what we were in-
vestigating,” he said. Several ex-
perts agreed with the decision.
“In the beginning of an epi-
demic, it is better to have a sensi-
tive parameter and include a lot
of false positives,” said Dr. Celina
Turchi, an infectious disease spe-
cialist and epidemiologist in the
state of Pernambuco. “Too much
sensitivity and too many false
positives is the way to go when
you don’t know what’s going on.”
The government then changed
the threshold to 32 centimeters in
December, after concluding that
there were many babies with
small heads but without prob-
lems, Dr. Maierovitch noted.
But even after introducing the
stricter standards, the number of
reported microcephaly cases
continued to climb rapidly.
Now, the nation’s Ministry of
Health is discussing lowering the
limit for head circumference for
newborns again — to 31.9 centi-
meters for boys and 31.5 centime-
ters for girls — after a recom-
mendation by medical groups
that the agency met with in Bra-
sília last week.
Maria Teresa Vieira Sanseveri-
no, a pediatrician and medical ge-
neticist who attended the meet-
ing, said that, “there was consen-
sus among the medical groups
ment.
Led by Eduardo Cunha, the
conservative speaker of Brazil’s
lower house, an influential bloc of
evangelical Christian lawmakers
introduced legislation in 2015 to
make it harder for rape victims to
get abortions by requiring them
to undergo a police report and fo-
rensic medical exam. Another
part of the bill seeks to make it a
crime for people to assist in an
abortion or to encourage a preg-
nant woman to have one.
But now some activists here
are drawing comparisons be-
tween the Zika epidemic and the
debate over abortion in the Unit-
ed States in the 1960s, when an
outbreak of rubella, a virus that
can also cause microcephaly, re-
sulted in thousands of babies
born with birth defects. The con-
cerns over rubella, also called
German measles, paved the way
MARIO TAMA/GETTY IMAGES
that the current criteria is too
broad and is drawing too many
false positives.”
One consequence of the new
standard could be a significant
drop in the number of reported
cases.
The alarming rise in micro-
cephaly and possible link to the
Zika virus reached new impor-
tance this week when the World
Health Organization declared the
situation an international health
emergency. It warned that as
many as four million people in
the Americas could be infected.
Dr. Arthur Reingold, the head
of epidemiology at the School of
Public Health at the University of
California, Berkeley, said that
Brazil is taking a “perfectly rea-
sonable approach.”
Dr. Lavinia Schuler Faccini,
president of Brazilian Society of
Medical Genetics, was among
those who pushed to change the
head circumference to 32 centi-
meters in December. She also
supports the new criteria being
discussed.
Still, she does not fault the orig-
inal protocol, saying that the
Ministry did what it should have
done in such matters.
Otherwise, she said, “We’d be
wondering, ‘have we lost some
children?’”
MAURICIO LIMA FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
for states like California to allow
abortion when a fetus is sub-
stantially damaged.
“Pregnant women across Bra-
zil are now in a panic,” said Silvia
Camurça, a director of SOS Cor-
po, a feminist group in Recife.
“The fears over the Zika virus
are giving us a rare opening to
challenge the religious funda-
mentalists who put the lives of
thousands of women at risk in
Brazil each year to maintain laws
belonging in the dark ages.”
As in the United States before
the Supreme Court’s legalization
of abortion in 1973, a clandestine
abortion industry thrives
throughout Brazil. Some illegal
providers charge thousands of
dollars, risking arrest and the
closing of their clinics.
Estimates on the number of il-
legal abortions in Brazil vary
widely. Drawing on hospital
Blood Banks
Scrutinize
Travelers
By CATHERINE SAINT LOUIS
Blood banks in the United
States have begun asking poten-
tial donors not to give blood if
within the last month they have
visited a country in which the
Zika virus is spreading.
The aim is to avoid contaminat-
ing the blood supply with the vi-
rus, said to AABB, the group that
represents most blood donation
groups in the United States.
Infection of pregnant women
with the Zika virus may be linked
to microcephaly — unusually
small heads — in infants.
The American Red Cross has
started to quiz potential donors
about recent travel. But other
blood banks are simply asking
potentially infected donors to
stay away.
“We are asking people to make
their own judgment,” said Dr.
Steven Kleinman, the AABB’s
senior medical adviser. “The
main thing is, if you have trav-
eled to Mexico, Central or South
America, or the Caribbean, peo-
ple shouldn’t donate blood in first
28 days after their return.”
“It’s very precautionary,” he
added. “We expect the large ma-
jority of people who return from
those areas won’t be infected, but
we are casting a wide net.”
Zika virus remains in the blood
of an infected person for about a
week, according to the Centers
for Disease Control and Preven-
tion. There is no approved test
that the banks can use to screen
donated blood for the virus.
The Food and Drug Adminis-
tration is developing criteria for
deferring blood donors who have
visited affected regions, an agen-
cy spokeswoman said.
Roughly 3 percent of blood do-
nors tested positive for Zika in-
fection during an outbreak in
French Polynesian in 2013, noted
the AABB, formerly known as the
American Association of Blood
Banks.
“The risk posed by Zika virus
to the blood supply is unclear,”
the organization said in guidance
to its members.
Officials at AABB and the
American Red Cross said a case
of sexually transmitted Zika in-
fection, reported on Tuesday in
Dallas, would have no immediate
impact on blood donation poli-
cies. Neither organization is ask-
ing people to abstain from blood
donation if they have had sex
with a person who recently trav-
eled to a Zika-affected country.
“There is no strong evidence
for widespread sexual transmis-
sion of Zika,” said Dr. Susan
Stramer, vice president of scien-
tific affairs at the American Red
Cross.
“We are saying, just postpone
donation for 28 days,” she added.
On Tuesday, the C.D.C. began
advising pregnant women to
avoid contact with semen from
men recently exposed to the Zika
virus.
records showing that 150,000
women seek medical attention
each year for complications from
illegal abortions, Brazilian schol-
ars estimate that as many as
850,000 abortions are performed
illegally on an annual basis.
While Brazil’s abortion laws
are less stringent than those in
other Latin American countries
— in El Salvador, for instance,
abortion is not allowed under any
circumstances — illegal pro-
cedures are not treated lightly.
One Brazilian woman was
handcuffed to a hospital bed and
arrested after she sought medical
attention for a botched abortion.
A judge sentenced other women
in the city of Campo Grande who
had undergone illegal abortions
to do community service in day
care centers, arguing that it
would teach them to love chil-
dren. A 9-year-old girl who said
she had been raped by her stepfa-
ther was allowed to have an abor-
tion in Recife, but only after a
heated national battle in which
officials overcame objections
from religious leaders.
Debora Diniz, an anthropolo-
gist and researcher at Anis, an
abortion rights group planning to
file a lawsuit seeking to legalize
abortion in cases of microcepha-
ly, likened the Zika crisis to the
long struggle to allow abortion in
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cases of anencephaly, which last-
ed about a decade.
“We have an epidemic, an
emergency, and the public health
sector is not properly caring for
women’s rights,” she said. “We
have constitutional rights at risk,
the right to health care and hu-
P r e s s R e a d e r. c o m
man dignity.”
Religious leaders are vowing to
resist any effort to ease Brazil’s
abortion laws because of Zika.
“Nothing justifies an abortion,”
the Rev. Luciano Brito, a spokes-
man for the Catholic Archdiocese
of Olinda and Recife, told report-
ers. “Just because a fetus has mi-
crocephaly won’t make us favor-
able” to changing the law.

Congressional Grilling on Flint’s Water Crisis Takes On a Partisan Tone
By ABBY GOODNOUGH
and JENNIFER STEINHAUER
WASHINGTON — The Flint water
crisis fanned partisan tensions on
Wednesday in both the Senate and the
House, where members of an oversight
committee grilled federal and state offi-
cials about actions that have resulted in
fears of lead poisoning in children. The
fight threatened to derail the first ener-
gy bill in a decade.
While there was bipartisan condem-
nation of how officials handled the cri-
sis, Democrats and Republicans split
over what the federal government
should do to help resolve it. Many Re-
publicans said they would oppose a
Democratic proposal to add $600 million
Campaign stickers from the past and present decorated a restaurant,
top, in Manchester, N.H. Liam Healy, above, says high college tuition
costs are forcing him to leave the state for Pittsburgh.
Was Mammoth Really Served at a Fabled Meal in 1951? The Truth Is in the DNA
By JAMES GORMAN
The story of the 1951 annual Explorers
Club dinner is famous, at least among ex-
plorers, paleontologists and connoisseurs
of exotic cuisine. In brief, mammoth was
served.
A club member and journalist reported
on the menu shortly afterward in The
Christian Science Monitor, and club mem-
bers have been talking about it ever since.
“At my first dinner, when I was a new
member, they told me about it,” said Jack
Horner, a dinosaur paleontologist at Mon-
tana State University and an inspiration for
the character of the paleontologist in the
original “Jurassic Park” book. “And they
were talking about having another.”
Sadly, as with so many great stories, this
one was too good to be true, as a group of
Yale researchers reported Wednesday in
the journal PLOS One. Fortunately, the tale
they uncovered, using the most modern re-
search techniques, has some of its own sur-
prises.
The story has to begin with the meat it-
self, originally billed on the menu as
Megatherium, an extinct ground sloth, but
recalled over the decades as mammoth,
perhaps because that was what it was
called in the article in The Monitor. What it
was finally determined to be will, of course,
have to wait until the end of the story.
Eating fossil meat may seem hazardous,
in aid to Michigan to the energy bill, a
position that Democrats said was Re-
publicans’ passion for smaller govern-
ment gone bad.
“I don’t care whether it’s the E.P.A.,
whether it’s local, whether it’s the
state,” said Representative Elijah Cum-
mings, the top Democrat on the House
Oversight and Government Reform
Committee, during a rare bipartisan
questioning over the breakdown in pub-
lic health. “I want everybody who’s re-
sponsible for this fiasco to be held ac-
countable.”
As House members questioned Mich-
igan officials, Senator Lisa Murkowski,
Republican of Alaska, scrambled to
save a sweeping bipartisan energy bill
that Democrats have threatened to de-
but animals that died thousands of years
ago have been found frozen, and the Yale
researchers point to credible reports of pa-
leontologists sampling the ancient flesh of
extinct bison and mammoth. Care is called
for, however, since the meat may have rot-
ted before the cold preserved it.
The reason it was even possible to check
what the diners ate is that some leftovers
ended up on a shelf in the Yale Peabody
Museum of Natural History.
Paul Griswold Howes, a club member,
was unable to make the 1951 dinner, which
must have been a great disappointment be-
cause, as the researchers note, the annual
dinners have made the club “as well known
for its notorious hors d’oeuvres like fried
tarantulas and goat eyeballs as it is for its
notable members such as Teddy Roosevelt
and Neil Armstrong.”
Mr. Howes was, however, the curator-
director at the Bruce Museum in Green-
wich, Conn., and even if he could not attend
the dinner, he wanted to exhibit some of it
at the museum. So Wendell Phillips Dodge,
a theater impresario who had organized
the dinner, sent Mr. Howes a sample, which
he labeled Megatherium.
That sample found its way to the Pea-
body in 2001, prompting years of puzzle-
ment among students and professors. Was
this jar of ethanol with a bit of flesh really
cooked, extinct ground sloth from Alaska?
rail if federal assistance for Flint is not
included.
Many Democrats said the energy bill,
nearing a final vote in the Senate, would
not pass without the additional aid.
“We’re united in the Democratic Party,”
said Senator Richard J. Durbin, Demo-
crat of Illinois. “We’re going to stop this
bill if they don’t help Flint.”
But Republicans are balking. “It’s a
huge earmark,” said Senator John
Cornyn of Texas, the No. 2-ranking Re-
publican in the Senate. “I think it’s not
something I could support. Flint has
doesn’t have anything to do with the en-
ergy bill.”
The firestorm showed the potency of
Flint’s struggles in an election year
when Republicans are trying to attract
New Hampshire Vote Nears
Amid Anxiety Across a State
By KATHARINE Q. SEELYE
NELSON, N.H. — In this tiny
New England town, population 729,
with its white steepled church and
village green, Hunt and Allison Ald-
rich Smith, Democrats who support
Senator Bernie Sanders of Vermont,
live in a knotty pine house they built
themselves.
Mr. Smith, 71, makes violins in his
wood-stove-heated studio here in
the southwest corner of New Hamp-
shire, crafting his instruments of
spruce and maple just as they have
been for centuries. “We have very
simple needs,” said Ms. Smith, 56, a
choir director who teaches tradition-
al New England dances and revels
YALE PEABODY MUSEUM OF NATURAL
HISTORY, VIA ASSOCIATED PRESS
A sample of meat
served at the 1951
annual Explorers Club
dinner. Legend had
said it was mammoth.
a more diverse group of voters while
Democrats struggle to paint Republi-
cans as dismissive of the role of govern-
ment.
Senator Ted Cruz, Republican of Tex-
as, tried Wednesday to turn the Flint
disaster, which he called “an absolute
outrage,” into an indictment of Demo-
crats.
“You’ve got your own government
poisoning your citizens,” said Mr. Cruz
during a campaign stop in Goffstown,
N.H. Drawing parallels to New Orleans
after Hurricane Katrina, he added,
“Both cities have been governed with
one-party government control of far-left
Democrats for decades.”
Meanwhile, the Democratic presiden-
tial candidates, Hillary Clinton and Ber-
PHOTOGRAPHS BY HILARY SWIFT FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
in the town’s artistic heritage.
And yet, although she and her
husband are comfortable, many oth-
er families were “in crisis” because
they cannot afford to put food on the
table, Ms. Smith said. She is also
worried about the state’s heroin epi-
demic, which is ravaging families
and taking hundreds of young lives.
She supports Mr. Sanders, she
said, because “we’re here to help
each other, and I like what he says
about a more fair corporate tax
structure.”
That mix of contentment and un-
ease hints at the complex dynamics
at play in New Hampshire this elec-
tion season as the national spotlight
Recently, Matt Davis, a graduate student
at Yale studying ice age ecology and one of
the authors of the new paper, was having
lunch with Eric Sargis, another author,
who was giving a course in mammalogy.
Mr. Davis was a teaching assistant for the
course, and at the lunch, Dr. Sargis la-
mented, “It’s amazing that I can’t get any-
body interested in the piece of sloth meat
we have.”
Mr. Davis recalled, “I was immediately
hooked.”
DNA analysis was called for, and they re-
cruited Jessica R. Glass, another graduate
student, and the first author on the paper,
whose day job is studying the genetics of
marine fish. As an undergraduate at Yale,
she said, “I always knew about this speci-
men,” adding, “I was fascinated by it.”
She and other scientists joined the team.
They assumed the flesh was thousands of
years old, which meant that testing for
DNA was more complicated than testing a
more recent bit of flesh. “Also,” she said,
“the meat was cooked.”
There was some legitimate science to be
done. If the meat was really Megatherium,
that would extend the species’ known
range from South America all the way to
the Aleutian Islands in Alaska.
In the end, after multiple tests, the team
determined that the meat was neither
mammoth nor sloth, nor ancient, nor even
N A11
THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 4, 2016
nie Sanders, announced Wednesday
that they would hold a debate in Flint on
March 6.
In the House, over several hours of
tense questioning, lawmakers sought to
stitch together the chain of events that
led to Flint’s water being contaminated
with high levels of lead, particularly the
failure to add a chemical to the water
that would have prevented the city’s ag-
ing pipes from corroding and leaching
lead.
Republicans, including Representa-
tive Jason Chaffetz of Utah, the chair-
man of the committee, sought to blame
the E.P.A., while Democrats focused on
the role of an emergency manager ap-
pointed by Gov. Rick Snyder, a Repub-
Continued on Page A13
swivels from the small, quirky state
of Iowa to this even smaller, argu-
ably quirkier state, which votes
Tuesday.
New Hampshire survived the
Great Recession better than many
states. Today it ranks at or near the
top in several categories that meas-
ure a state’s health, like median
household income, level of educa-
tion and general well-being. Its
rates of unemployment, crime and
people living below the poverty line
are among the lowest.
Yet despite their relative pros-
perity and personal happiness, vot-
ers still express anxiety.
Continued on Page A15
a mammal. Turtle soup had also been on
the menu that night, before sea turtles
were in such trouble, and the bit of flesh
that the scientists tested turned out to be
green sea turtle, Chelonia mydas.
It seems that Mr. Dodge had been hav-
ing a bit of fun, and that he was the only
one in on the joke.
“I do want to point out that it wasn’t a
big hoax from the Explorers Club,” Ms.
Glass added.
Mr. Dodge even confessed, sort of. In a
club publication soon after the dinner, he
seemed to say that he had passed off turtle
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as sloth. The scientists write that he “fanci-
fully described the sloth’s fossil history but
hinted that he may have discovered ‘a po-
tion by means of which he could change,
say, Cheylone mydas Cheuba [sic] from the
Indian Ocean into Giant Sloth.’”
But nobody paid attention to him, and
the story persisted.
P r e s s R e a d e r. c o m
Several of the researchers are members
of the Explorers Club, which gave grants to
support the DNA analysis and research.
Will Roseman, the club’s executive di-
rector, said it was pleased with the re-
search, although he pointed out that the
world and the club had both changed since
1951, and the old taste for the exotic “has
given way to a determined effort to intro-
duce people to the foods that can sustain
mankind well into the future.”
A12 N THE NEW YORK TIMES NATIONAL THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 4, 2016

Pentagon to Offer Plan

To Store Eggs and Sperm
To Retain Young Troops
Aiming to Build a Family-Friendly Force
By MICHAEL S. SCHMIDT
WASHINGTON — Defense
Secretary Ashton B. Carter be-
lieves he has come up with a way
to help the Pentagon retain
troops: freezing sperm and eggs.
As part of an initiative to make
military service more appealing
and family friendly, Mr. Carter
has created a pilot program that
will pay for troops to have their
reproductive cells preserved.
The goal is to give those in uni-
form the peace of mind that if
they are hurt on the battlefield —
hundreds of veterans suffered in-
juries to their reproductive or-
gans in Iraq and Afghanistan —
they would still be able to have
children.
The program is also meant to
encourage women to stay in the
military during their 20s and 30s,
a time when many leave after
ing retention, raises legal and
ethical questions that Defense
Department officials will have to
navigate.
“Freezing sperm and eggs is
not like freezing chicken for din-
ner,” said Arthur Caplan, a pro-
fessor of bioethics at New York
University’s Langone Medical
Center. “What happens if you die
— can your wife use it? And what
if your mother wants grandchil-
dren and your wife doesn’t, does
that mean the sperm can be used
with a surrogate? If you’re cogni-
tively disabled, can it be used?
And what happens if the compa-
ny housing your sperm or eggs
goes bankrupt?”
Dr. Caplan said that the prac-
tice of freezing eggs had become
widespread only in the past five
years, and that it could be more
problematic than preserving
sperm, which has been done for ARMIN WEIGEL/EUROPEAN PRESSPHOTO AGENCY

giving birth. By freezing their
eggs, they will have the flexibility
to remain deployed overseas or
otherwise pursue their careers
and put off having children.
Women who reach 10 years of
service — what Mr. Carter called
“their peak years for starting a
family” — have a retention rate
that is 30 percent lower than their
male counterparts.
Few companies offer egg and
sperm freezing, so the initiative
will place the Pentagon — one of
the world’s largest employers —
at the forefront on the issue, re-
productive advocates said. Some
Silicon Valley companies like
Facebook have begun offering to
cover the cost of freezing eggs —
which can be more than $10,000
— to help recruit top female can-
didates.
But the initiative, which Mr.
Carter first mentioned in a
speech last week about improv-
decades. He said the Pentagon
should inform service members
that the freezing of eggs is not al-
ways successful and can cause
complications.
“If your eggs won’t work, you
won’t find out until you’re 39,” Dr.
Caplan said.
A Pentagon spokesman de-
clined to comment on the legal
and ethical questions, saying that
details were being worked out.
The Defense Department is ex-
pected to outline the program in a
memo from Mr. Carter in the
coming weeks. The program,
which applies only to active-duty
service members, will be re-eval-
uated in two years, and could ulti-
mately be made permanent.
“As many families know all too
well, these treatments are very
expensive and often require mul-
tiple attempts,” the spokesman,
Matthew Allen, said. “We know
that providing this benefit across
Army paratroopers in Grafenwoehr, Germany, in 2014. A new reproductive program seeks to offer peace of mind to recruits.
the board would result in a signif-
icant cost for the department. In
addition to cost, we want to bet-
ter understand the importance of
this to our force, as well as its im-
pact on recruiting and retention.
In addition to hormone therapies
and egg and sperm freezing, we
are going to continue looking at
ways to provide additional sup-
port for these types of treatments
in the future.”
The Pentagon estimates that
the program could cost about
$150 million over five years. It
will be offered through Tricare,
the military’s health care plan.
During the height of the wars
in Iraq and Afghanistan, several
cryogenic firms offered to cover
the cost for troops to have their
reproductive cells frozen. It is not
clear whether any soldiers ulti-
mately used those materials to
have children. In recent years,
some fertility advocates have lob-
bied the Defense Department to
cover the cost.
Mr. Carter mentioned the pro-
gram in a speech last week at the
Pentagon. Outlining the Defense
Department’s efforts to improve
the lives of service members, he
focused on longer maternity
leaves, improved child care and
the creation of lactation rooms at
military facilities. He touched
briefly on freezing sperm and
eggs.
“This investment will also pro-
vide greater flexibility for our
troops who want to start a family,
but find it difficult because of
where they find themselves in
their careers,” Mr. Carter said.
“Particularly for women who
are midgrade officers and enlist-
ed personnel, this benefit will
demonstrate that we understand
the demands upon them and
want to help them balance com-
mitments to force and commit-
ments to family,” Mr. Carter said.
“We want to retain them in our
military.”
The initiative is part of a series
of measures that Mr. Carter has
pushed to create what he calls
“the force of the future.” He is
worried that the military has not
adapted enough to compete with
top companies for millennials,
who put a greater emphasis on
work-life balance than did previ-
ous generations.
In November, Mr. Carter said
that the Pentagon would expand
its sabbatical programs to more
service members so they could
gain experience in academia or
different industries. He said that
the military was working to mod-
ernize its retirement benefits and
was creating a LinkedIn-style
program to match service mem-
bers with open positions. In De-
cember, he opened all combat po-
sitions to women.
Sean Tipton, a spokesman for
the American Society for Repro-
ductive Medicine, said he hoped
that the rest of the federal gov-
ernment would follow the mil-
itary’s lead.
“This is the difference between
a returning military member be-
ing able to have children or not,”
Mr. Tipton said. “We think this
country has an obligation in its
power to keep its military mem-
bers whole, and building families
is certainly part of being whole.”

Judge Allows Cosby Sexual Assault Case to Go Forward National Briefing

This article is by Graham Bow-
ley, Sydney Ember and Jon Hur-
dle.
NORRISTOWN, Pa. — The
sexual assault case against Bill
Cosby can proceed, a judge ruled
on Wednesday, saying that pros-
ecutors are not bound by a prede-
cessor’s decision 11 years ago not
to charge Mr. Cosby in the case of
a young Temple University staff
member who said the entertainer
had drugged and molested her at
his suburban Philadelphia home.
“I find no basis to grant the re-
lief request,” Judge Steven T.
O’Neill said from the bench of the
Montgomery County Courthouse
here after a second full day of tes-
timony and bickering in the case.
Mr. Cosby’s lawyers had
sought to have the charges dis-
missed, arguing during the pre-
trial hearing before Judge O’Neill
that former Montgomery County
District Attorney Bruce L. Castor
Jr. had made a binding decision
in 2005 never to prosecute Mr.
Cosby.
“A promise of a prosecutor,
even an oral promise, is abso-
lutely 100 percent enforceable,”
Christopher Tayback, one of Mr.
Cosby’s lawyers, told Judge
O’Neill.
In testimony on Tuesday, Mr.
Castor had said he, too, viewed
his decision as binding, but the
judge disagreed. Although he did
not elaborate on his decision, the
judge appeared to side with pros-
ecutors, who argued on Wednes-
day that the former district at-
torney had not been authorized
to make such a sweeping edict.
“There is no legal authority al-
lowing a district attorney unilat-
erally to confer transactional im-
munity,” the current district at-
torney, Kevin R. Steele, told the
court Wednesday.
After the ruling, Mr. Cosby sat
in his chair motionless, looking
ahead and stroking his neck. His
lawyers and an aide immediately
surrounded him, some with their
hands on the back of his chair.
Based on the ruling, the case
will now head toward trial, and
the judge set a date for a prelimi-
nary hearing on March 8. But Mr.
Cosby’s spokesman, Andrew Wy-
Bill Cosby, third from left, arriving on Wednesday at the Montgomery County Courthouse in
Pennsylvania, where a judge denied a motion to have the case against him dismissed.
case, without invoking his Fifth
Amendment right, because of Mr.
Castor’s promise of immunity.
In her account of what hap-
pened on one winter night in
2004, Ms. Constand said she be-
gan feeling drained at Mr. Cos-
by’s home in the Philadelphia
suburbs, and he gave her three
pills and some wine to help her
relax. Soon, she said, her vision
blurred, she had difficulty speak-
ing and Mr. Cosby led her to a
sofa, where he touched her
breasts, penetrated her vagina
with his fingers and placed her
hand on his erect penis.
Mr. Castor testified Tuesday
that, while he believed Ms. Con-
Ruling that
prosecutors are not
bound by a
predecessor’s decision.
Cosby once, in January 2015.
Mr. Castor said he had hoped
that by announcing his decision
to not prosecute Mr. Cosby, he
would help Ms. Constand get a
measure of justice — and money,
in the civil case.
Mr. Castor and the sitting dis-
trict attorney, Mr. Steele, ran
against each other in an election
last fall, and Mr. Steele’s criticism
of how Mr. Castor’s handled the
original Cosby investigation be-
came an issue in the race. In
court papers, Mr. Cosby’s law-
yers said Mr. Steele charged Mr.
Cosby only to fulfill a campaign
pledge and sought to have him
dismissed as the prosecutor in
the case, but Judge O’Neill de-
nied that request on Wednesday
as well.
Mr. Steele on Wednesday crit-
icized Mr. Castor’s use of Ms.
Constand’s potential lucrative
settlement in a civil case as ratio-
nale for not prosecuting Mr. Cos-
by.
“A secret agreement that per-
mits a wealthy defendant to buy
ANDREW RENNEISEN FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
criminal charges against him be-
cause of the statute of limitations.
Ms. Constand is the only woman
whose complaint has resulted in
criminal charges.
Mr. Castor had been forceful on
Tuesday in proclaiming that, as a
“sovereign,” he had the power to
make an immunity decision that
was binding on his successors.
But Judge O’Neill had ques-
tioned him closely, asking Mr.
Castor why he believed he had
such authority and why he had
never written it down.
Mr. Castor said that while it
was not a formal agreement, his
decision to not prosecute had
been written down in the form of
a signed news release.
In questioning one of Mr. Cos-
by’s lawyers involved in the 2005
case, Mr. Steele referred to Mr.
Castor’s testimony on Wednes-
day.
“You would agree with me,” he
asked the lawyer, John P.
Schmitt, “that you never ob-
tained a written agreement from
the Commonwealth, from Mr.
SOUTH
Florida: Man Shot by Deputy Is Awarded $23 Million
A federal jury awarded $23.1 million on Wednesday to a 22-year-old
black man who was unarmed when he was shot and paralyzed by a
sheriff’s deputy, but Florida lawmakers will have to approve any award
above $200,000. The jury ruled that Sgt. Adams Lin of the Palm Beach
County sheriff’s office violated Dontrell Stephens’s civil rights when he
shot him in September 2013. Mr. Lin, who had stopped Mr. Stephens for
riding his bicycle into traffic, testified that he shot him four times be-
cause he reached for his waistband with his left hand and then flashed a
dark object that he thought was a small handgun. Mr. Stephens testified
that he was raising his hands when the officer opened fire for no reason.
Video from the dashboard camera in Mr. Lin’s patrol car showed Mr.
Stephens’ left hand was empty and a cellphone was in his right hand.
The jury apparently rejected Mr. Lin’s claim that he had made an “ob-
jectively reasonable mistake” when he shot Mr. Stephens. (AP)
Virginia: Under Scrutiny, Teen Dating Site Is Removed
Facebook has taken down from its site group called Teen Dating and
Flirting, which stirred outrage over its sexually explicit content after
the recent murder of a 13-year-old Virginia girl, a company spokeswom-
an said on Wednesday. The group burst into the spotlight this week af-
ter two Virginia Tech students were charged in the abduction and mur-
der of the girl, Nicole Madison Lovell of Blacksburg, Va. The students —
David Eisenhauer, 18, of Columbia, Md., and Natalie Marie Keepers, 19,
of Laurel, Md. — are being held without bond. Nicole is believed to have
met Mr. Eisenhauer through social media, though there has been no as-
sertion that they connected on Facebook. But her brief comments on
the page of the teen dating group, which had more than 18,000 mem-
bers, drew attention to the group, prompting Facebook to investigate.
The spokeswoman said the group violated Facebook’s published com-
munity standards, which ban, among other things, nude images,
threats, bullying, harassment, and anything that promotes sexual ex-
ploitation. SHERYL GAY STOLBERG
PLAINS
Kansas: Guilty Plea Entered in Plot Against Army Post
A man whose lawyer says he is mentally ill pleaded guilty Wednesday
in a plot to plant a bomb outside an Army post, acknowledging that he
wanted to aid the Islamic State group. John T. Booker Jr. of Topeka ad-
mitted in court to trying to set off what he thought was a 1,000-pound
bomb in a van outside Fort Riley. A plea deal with prosecutors that rec-
ommends he spend 30 years in prison. Mr. Booker, 21, was arrested out-
side the post in April 2015 as he was trying to arm what he believed was
the bomb. He had been plotting with two contacts who actually were
confidential F.B.I. sources. His lawyer, Kirk Redmond, told Judge Car-
los Murguia of Federal District Court that Mr. Booker had been given a
diagnosis of bipolar disorder but he did not say whether the disorder
was a factor in Mr. Booker’s actions. Mr. Booker pleaded guilty to one
count of attempting to use a weapon of mass destruction and one count
of attempting to destroy government property with an explosive device.
(AP)
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Massachusetts: Bulger’s Girlfriend Is Staying Silent

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att, said that Mr. Cosby would ap-
peal the judge’s decision.
At some point, his lawyers may
well file a motion to suppress the
testimony that he gave in a civil
suit later brought by the woman,
Andrea Constand, in 2005.
stand’s account, he had declined
to prosecute because he ques-
tioned if she would make a cred-
ible witness.
He cited contact between Ms.
Constand and Mr. Cosby in the
year between when she said the
his way out of a criminal case
isn’t right,” he told the court.
But Mr. Tayback argued that
Mr. Cosby had never acted like a
star seeking special treatment in
challenging the case. “He is look-
ing to be treated in exactly the
Castor, that your client would
never be prosecuted?”
Mr. Schmitt said, “I have a
signed statement.”
To which Mr. Steele replied:
“You have a press release.”
Judge O’Neill said that the is-
The woman who spent 16 years on the run with the Boston mobster
James “Whitey” Bulger pleaded guilty Wednesday to a criminal con-
tempt charge for refusing to testify before a grand jury investigating
whether other people helped him as a fugitive. Catherine Greig, 64, en-
tered her plea in Federal District Court in Boston without having any
agreement or sentencing recommendation from prosecutors. She is
P r e s s R e a d e r. c o m

Prosecutors have cited the
deposition given by Mr. Cosby in
that case, parts of which became
public only last summer, as key
evidence. In the deposition, the
entertainer acknowledged ob-
taining quaaludes as part of his
efforts to have sex with women.
A lawyer for Mr. Cosby testi-
fied Wednesday that he only al-
lowed him to testify in the civil
incident occurred and when she
went to the authorities, including
at least one in-person meeting
and phone calls between Mr. Cos-
by, Ms. Constand and her mother,
some of which, he said, had been
recorded illegally.
But Ms. Constand’s lawyers,
who testified on Wednesday,
have said that Ms. Constand and
her mother only contacted Mr.
same way any other person
would be looking to be treated in
this situation,” he said.
Mr. Cosby has said that the
sexual encounter was consensual
and has denied the accusations of
dozens of other women who have
come forward in recent years to
accuse him of sexually assaulting
them. Many of those women
came forward too late to press
sue of whether one prosecutor
could bind his successors to a de-
cision had rarely surfaced before.
“I was unable to find any case
like this,” he said, shortly before
issuing his ruling in the case.
Mr. Cosby waved at a handful
of supporters as he left the court-
house but made no comment be-
fore climbing slowly into a black
S.U.V.
serving an eight-year prison term for helping Mr. Bulger, 86, while he
was on the lam. Mr. Bulger is serving a life sentence for racketeering.
Judge F. Dennis Saylor IV told her that because there is no maximum
penalty for the contempt charge, he could sentence her to any term, in-
cluding up to life in prison. After the hearing, Ms. Greig’s lawyer, Keven
Reddington, said, “Yeah, she loved him and still does.” (AP)
The Times Book Review,
every Sunday
 K THE NEW YORK TIMES NATIONAL THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 4, 2016
Record Number of False Convictions Was Overturned in 2015, Study Finds
By MIKE McPHATE
A record 149 people in the Unit-
ed States were found in 2015 to
have been falsely convicted of a
crime, and of those, nearly four in
10 were exonerated of murder,
according to a report released on
Wednesday.
The review by the National
Registry of Exonerations said the
inmates had spent more than 14
years behind bars on average,
with some serving more than
three decades. The registry is a
project of the University of Michi-
gan’s law school and aims to cor-
rect problems in the criminal jus-
tice system.
The annual tally of false con-
victions has more than doubled
since 2011, the registry said. All
told, its researchers have re-
corded 1,733 exonerations since
1989.
“The most notable thing is an-
other increase in the rate of exon-
erations,” said Samuel R. Gross,
the editor of the registry and a
University of Michigan law pro-
fessor. “That just shows that the
problems that are causing con-
victions of innocent people hap-
pen on a regular basis.”
The bulk of the exonerations in
2015 came from just two states:
Texas, where 54 people were
cleared, and New York, with 17.
The registry linked that trend to
efforts by individual district at-
Jessica Owens of Flint, Mich., held up a bottle of water from her home during a hearing into the
city’s water crisis on Wednesday by the House Oversight and Government Reform Committee.
Congressional Grilling on Water Crisis
In Flint Takes On a Partisan Tone
From Page A11
lican, to oversee the city, and of
the state’s Department of Envi-
ronmental Quality.
Mr. Chaffetz said he expected
the E.P.A., by the end of the week,
to turn over pertinent emails con-
nected to Susan Hedman, the
agency’s former director for the
region that includes Michigan.
She resigned this week.
Much of the hearing focused on
concerns about the lead level in
Flint’s water raised early last
year by an E.P.A. official who
tested water samples there, and
why the E.P.A. did not quickly in-
sist then that corrosion control
measures be taken in Flint.
Mr. Chaffetz also said the com-
mittee was issuing a subpoena
for Ms. Hedman and would make
a second attempt to subpoena
Flint’s former emergency man-
ager, Darnell Earley.
“We are calling on the U.S.
marshals to hunt him down,” Mr.
Chaffetz said. Mr. Earley’s law-
yer refused service of an initial
subpoena late Tuesday.
The House hearing was one of
several Mr. Chaffetz has con-
vened at Democrats’ request, but
many of them are angry that the
committee did not invite Mr. Sny-
der to testify. Representative
Dan Kildee, a Michigan Demo-
crat who represents Flint, point-
ed out that under federal law,
states have “primacy” for mak-
ing sure a federal rule that con-
trols lead in the drinking water is
being followed by municipalities.
“This is a state failure,” Mr. Kil-
dee said in his testimony to the
committee.
Keith Creagh, the new director
of the Michigan Department of
Environmental Quality, and Joel
Beauvais, the official in charge of
the E.P.A.’s Office of Water, each
pointed fingers at the other’s
agency in their testimony. Mr.
Beauvais told the committee that
the E.P.A. “encountered resist-
ance” from state environmental
quality officials when it urged
them to address the lack of corro-
sion control in Flint’s water. Mr.
Creagh, for his part, said that
technically, the federal lead-con-
trol rule would have allowed up
Coral Davenport contributed re-
porting from Washington, and
Matt Flegenheimer from Goffs-
town, N.H.
torneys in Brooklyn and in Har-
ris County, Tex., to review ques-
tionable convictions.
Since taking office in 2014,
Brooklyn’s district attorney, Ken-
neth P. Thompson, has overseen
a broad review of potentially
wrongful convictions, an under-
taking that has been watched
closely across the country by
prosecutors, defense lawyers and
inmates.
Under Mr. Thompson, the of-
fice’s conviction integrity unit
has cleared 17 men, mostly of
murder.
“If that same effort were put in
across the country,” Mr. Gross
said, “we’d find many more of
these cases.”
Official misconduct played a
role in 65 of the exonerations in
2015, the registry said, and false
confessions were seen in 27. The
most common reason inmates
were cleared, in 75 of the cases,
was that no crime had even oc-
curred.
In one such case, three men
were cleared of setting a fire in
1980 in Brooklyn that caused the
death of a mother and her five
children. The sole witness in the
case was deemed unreliable, and
advances in arson science
showed that the fire was most
likely an accident.
Two of the men, William Vas-
quez and Amaury Villalobos,
spent almost 33 years each in
Marc Edwards, a Virginia Tech professor, and LeeAnne Wal-
ters, a former Flint resident, gave testimony on Wednesday.
to two years for corrosion con-
trol treatments to begin after the
city switched its water source to
the Flint River in April 2014.
“We were minimalistic and le-
galistic in our behavior,” Mr.
Creagh said of the state Depart-
ment of Environmental Quality.
He also said the E.P.A. had wait-
ed months before providing a le-
gal opinion that Flint should and
could be required to have corro-
sion control measures in place.
And he cited an email from an
E.P.A. employee last year that
gave the department advice on
how to deny having seen an
E.P.A. official’s memo express-
ing concerns about Flint’s water
But some of the harshest testi-
mony came from LeeAnne Wal-
ters, a former Flint resident
whose tap water was found to
have extremely high lead levels
starting early in 2015, and Marc
Edwards, a Virginia Tech profes-
sor to whom she appealed for
help after her concerns were
“dismissed,” as she put it, by
city and state employees.
Mr. Edwards testified that the
E.P.A. had been “aiding and
abetting” the Department of En-
vironmental Quality’s “cover-
up” of the problem. More broad-
ly, he said water systems across
the country were at risk of dan-
gerous lead contamination be-
cause of weak federal regula-
tions.
Ms. Walters, who said one of
her young sons has a number of
problems from lead poisoning,
testified that the only official
who took her concerns seriously
Amaury Villalobos, second left, and William Vasquez, center, with their lawyers, were exonerat-
ed in a 1980 Brooklyn arson case that was later determined to probably have been an accident.
prison on arson and murder
charges. The third defendant,
Raymond Mora, died in prison.
The exonerations in Harris
County, which includes Houston,
largely involved drug offenses.
Last year, 42 people who had
pleaded guilty to possession were
MOLLY RILEY/ASSOCIATED PRESS
ZACH GIBSON/THE NEW YORK TIMES
was one with the E.P.A.: Miguel
Del Toral, who laid out deep con-
cerns about Flint’s water supply,
and particularly the lack of corro-
sion control, in a memo to others
in his agency and to officials at
the Michigan Department of En-
vironmental Quality in June 2015.
The committee asked Mr. Del
Toral to testify, but “in further
discussions with the E.P.A.,” Mr.
Chaffetz said at the hearing,
“we’ve come to understand he’s
very active in the cleanup as we
speak.”
Ms. Walters testified that after
Mr. Del Toral shared his memo
with her last year and she went
public with it, the E.P.A. had for-
bidden him to speak to her, and a
Department of Environmental
Quality official told her that Mr.
Del Toral “had been handled.”
After the hearing, Mr. Chaffetz
said, “I really do wonder if not
only if people should be fired, but
if some people should be put in
jail.”
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cleared after retesting found that
the substances were not in fact
drugs.
Inger Chandler, who heads the
county’s conviction integrity
unit, told the registry that many
of the defendants might have
chosen to plead guilty because
Congress Takes Up Bills on Shell Companies
By LOUISE STORY
Bills requiring greater trans-
parency of shell companies were
introduced in Congress on
Wednesday, continuing a year-
long legislative effort to shine
light into one of the darkest re-
cesses of business dealings in the
United States.
Shell companies, often limited
liability companies, are regis-
tered at the state level and, in nu-
merous states, the government is
not given the name of the person
who actually owns the company.
This opacity is a significant barri-
er for law enforcement authori-
ties when they are investigating
money laundering and other
crimes involving shell compa-
nies.
“This is a rare bill in that law
enforcement is asking for it,” said
Carolyn B. Maloney, a Democrat-
PEARL GABEL FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
they were stuck behind bars, un-
able to make bail, and feared
risking years in prison at trial.
The registry found that more
than two-thirds of those exoner-
ated in 2015 were minorities, and
half were African-American. Five
defendants had death sentences.
ic representative from New York
who co-sponsored the House bill
with Peter T. King, a New York
Republican. “They will point to
their efforts to go after drug car-
tels, illegal guns, money launder-
ing, you name it, and they hit
these shell companies, and they
don’t know who it is. They would
like to know who the owner is.”
Ms. Maloney said that the bill
was a version of legislation she
had sponsored in prior years, but
that she had become more con-
vinced of its urgency by an in-
vestigation in The New York
Times over the last year that doc-
umented the increasing use of
shell companies to purchase lux-
ury real estate, in some cases by
individuals involved in law en-
forcement investigations around
the world.
She said she had finished draft-
N A13
Texas, with 54, and
New York, with 17,
accounted for the bulk
of the exonerations.
Public interest in exoneration
cases has risen in recent weeks
as a result of the popular Netflix
documentary “Making a Murder-
er,” which raised doubts about a
murder case in Wisconsin.
Amateur sleuths have prolifer-
ated on Internet forums like Red-
dit, where they have tried to es-
tablish the innocence of the two
men convicted in the case, Steven
Avery and Brendan Dassey.
Online petitions calling for their
release have drawn hundreds of
thousands of signatures.
Mr. Gross said that the coun-
try’s attitudes about the depend-
ability of criminal justice out-
comes were reflected in the
greater attention paid to wrong-
ful-conviction cases. The number
of conviction integrity units like
those in Brooklyn and Harris
County grew to as many as 24 in
2015 from one in 2007, he said.
“As a society, we have become
much more willing to acknowl-
edge mistakes that we’ve made,”
he said.
ing the bill last week, several
days before an activist group,
Global Witness, released a report
on Sunday that said it had caught
New York City real estate law-
yers on camera discussing ways
that a corrupt public official
might secretly move money into
the United States.
In the Senate, a similar bill was
introduced on Wednesday, co-
sponsored by Sheldon White-
house, a Democrat from Rhode
Island, and Dianne Feinstein, a
Democrat from California. Sep-
arately, the Treasury Depart-
ment recently announced an ini-
tiative to track people who pur-
chase high-end real estate using
shell companies.
The Times Book Review,
every Sunday
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P r e s s R e a d e r. c o m
A14 Ø N
Hillary Clinton and Bernie Sanders each spoke with CNN’s Anderson Cooper Wednesday at a New Hampshire town hall forum, where the two candidates also argued over their records and credi-
bility as progressives. The back and forth between the Democrats has intensified after the close caucus contest in Iowa, ahead of the New Hampshire primary vote on Tuesday.
Democrats Tangle in New Hampshire Over Rights to ‘Progressive’ Label
By ALAN RAPPEPORT
Hillary Clinton and Senator
Bernie Sanders of Vermont
clashed in heated terms over the
meaning of progressivism in
America on Wednesday, with her
forced to defend positions that he
argued are not in line with the lib-
eral wing of the Democratic Par-
ty.
Mr. Sanders criticized Mrs.
Clinton’s credentials as a pro-
gressive, claiming that her views
on foreign policy, trade, the envi-
ronment and money in politics
separated her from those law-
makers who proudly wear that
label.
At a town hall forum hosted by
CNN less than a week before
New Hampshire holds the first
primary election of the 2016 pres-
idential race, Mr. Sanders sug-
gested that Mrs. Clinton’s posi-
tions sometimes shifted depend-
ing on her venue.
“You can’t say you’re a moder-
ate on one day and be a progres-
sive on another day,” he said, not-
Amy Chozick contributed report-
ing from Derry, N.H.
Cruz, a Public Firebrand
On Social Issues, Is Cooler
When Wooing Big Donors
By JEREMY W. PETERS
and MAGGIE HABERMAN
Ted Cruz sounded despondent
at the possibility that same-sex
marriage could become legal
when he called into the radio
show of Tony Perkins, a vehe-
ment opponent of gay rights, in
February 2014. “Our heart weeps
for the damage to traditional
marriage that has been done,”
Mr. Cruz said, urging conserva-
tives to pray but also to fight
back. “Be as wise as serpents
and gentle as doves,” he said,
quoting Scripture.
But seven months later, when
Mr. Cruz visited the Midtown
Manhattan office of a major Re-
publican supporter of same-sex
marriage, he sounded almost in-
different: If New York politicians
wanted to legalize it, that was
their business, he told Paul Sing-
er, the billionaire investor who
had bankrolled efforts to strike
Modulating strident
views when courting
those who might find
them offensive.
down laws forbidding same-sex
marriage across the country.
There was no reason the issue
had to drive a wedge between the
two men, the Texas senator said,
according to a person briefed on
the meeting who supports one of
Mr. Cruz’s opponents. (Mr. Sing-
er went on to endorse Senator
Marco Rubio of Florida a year
later.)
Mr. Cruz would hardly be the
only person to modulate his most
provocative language when
speaking to people whose sup-
port he is courting. But Mr. Cruz,
the winner of the Iowa caucuses,
has worked harder than any Re-
publican running for president to
portray himself as the true and
pure conservative and to impugn
his rivals as not faithful enough
in their conservatism.
Now, as he finds himself locked
ing that Mrs. Clinton described
herself as a moderate last year.
“You can’t be a moderate and a
progressive. They’re different.”
Minutes after Mr. Sanders
spoke, Mrs. Clinton pushed back
at his assertion, saying that by
his definition, President Obama
or Vice President Joseph R. Bi-
den Jr. would not be considered
progressives.
“I am a progressive who likes
to get things done,” she said. “I
was somewhat amused today
that Senator Sanders has set
himself up as the gatekeeper of
who gets to be a progressive.”
Mrs. Clinton went on to say
that it was inappropriate for the
senator to be defining such labels
so rigidly.
“I know where I stand, I know
who stands with me, I know what
I’ve done,” she said.
The forum was the first direct
encounter between Mrs. Clinton
and Mr. Sanders since she
stopped him in the Iowa caucuses
by the narrowest of margins.
Though she ultimately pre-
vailed in Iowa, the victory offered
little satisfaction. Mr. Sanders
raised questions about problems
in an intense struggle for the sup-
port of the party’s top donors, in-
stances in which he curried favor,
or merely associated, with people
who do not share his views on
some contentious issues are be-
ing dredged up and shared by
people who believe that Mr. Cruz
has been disingenuous, especial-
ly in his solicitation of money
from people he has coolly dis-
missed as having “New York val-
ues.”
In interviews, donors and ac-
tivists do not suggest that Mr.
Cruz has contradicted himself.
But they say that, in contrast to
his aggressive public persona, he
places a distinctly softer empha-
sis on some of his most stridently
conservative views when pri-
vately addressing people who
might find them offensive.
On immigration, for example,
Mr. Cruz has come under fire for
reversing himself on expanding
the H1B visa pool for highly
skilled workers, a program
viewed skeptically by conserva-
tives. He now opposes it, citing
abuses of the program. But in ad-
vocating for the program in 2013,
he sought support not just from
policy experts but from donors
with an interest in the subject.
That June, Mr. Cruz’s spokes-
man, Sean Rushton, wrote to an
aide to Joe Lonsdale, a venture
investor, attaching a draft op-ed
by Mr. Cruz explaining his sup-
port for an increase in the visas,
which was favored by many in
the tech industry, including Mr.
Lonsdale. The email invited Mr.
Lonsdale to propose edits to the
article if he saw fit. (The op-ed
does not appear to have run.)
Mr. Cruz’s spokesman, Rick
Tyler, said his positions were con-
sistent, adding, “We give donors
an opportunity to sign on with
Cruz, not the other way around.”
In interviews, people who have
seen Mr. Cruz speak privately
said he was able to switch back
and forth with ease between his
crusading public persona and a
softer and less confrontational
tone.
Mr. Perkins, the evangelical
leader, who endorsed Mr. Cruz
this week, said that there was
THE NEW YORK TIMES, THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 4, 2016
ELECTION
at caucus precincts and some
votes that were decided by a coin
toss. What was supposed to be a
night that propelled Mrs. Clinton
to the nomination turned out to
be a “sigh of relief.”
With both candidates trying to
seize momentum from a nomi-
nating contest that proved barely
decisive, the stakes in New
Hampshire have grown. Mr.
Sanders needs a victory in this,
his neighboring state; Mrs. Clin-
ton could use an upset or at least
a strong showing.
The argument that has boiled
over ahead of the town hall forum
was over which of the two could
claim the true mantle of liberal
values. On Wednesday, Mr. Sand-
ers accused Mrs. Clinton of being
a part-time progressive and a pa-
tron of Wall Street.
“I do not know any progressive
who has a ‘super PAC’ and takes
$15 million from Wall Street;
that’s just not progressive,” he
said.
He added: “The key foreign
decision of modern American his-
tory was the war in Iraq. The pro-
gressive community was pretty
united in saying, ‘Don’t listen to
Senator Ted Cruz of Texas spoke to members of the local news media on Wednesday while campaigning in Hookset, N.H.
nothing unusual about this. “You
find a point of commonality,” he
said. “That doesn’t mean you’re
not for the other issues.” Mr.
Cruz, he added, was sincere in his
beliefs. “I’ve never seen him
speak out of both sides of his
mouth.”
Robert O’Brien, a Los Angeles
lawyer who supported Mitt Rom-
ney in 2012 and Gov. Scott Walker
of Wisconsin before he dropped
out, gathered more than a dozen
former Romney supporters to
meet Mr. Cruz in December 2014.
“I found his positions to be solid
conservative Ronald Reagan-
type positions,” said Mr. O’Brien,
saying Mr. Cruz, whom he found
charming, focused primarily on
national security. “I didn’t find
them to be kind of the caricature
that came out of him in the Sen-
ate,” he said. But he said he did
not hear any contradictions with
Mr. Cruz’s public pronounce-
ments.
Despite his public denuncia-
tions of political opponents and
firebrand views on social issues,
2016
Bush, don’t go to war.’ Secretary
Clinton voted to go to war.”
Earlier in the day, at a town
hall meeting in Derry, N.H., Mrs.
Clinton, a former secretary of
state, hit back at suggestions that
she was not a progressive.
“It was kind of a low blow,”
Mrs. Clinton said, listing high-
lights of her résumé that included
standing up for gay and women’s
rights around the world.
“It was a good day for progres-
After the tightest of
Iowa votes, the stakes
here have grown.
sives when I helped get eight mil-
lion kids health care,” she said. “I
think it was a good day for pro-
gressives when I joined with col-
leagues in the Senate to help stop
George W. Bush from privatizing
Social Security. I think it was a
good day for progressives when I
went to Geneva and Beijing to
Mr. Cruz has a long history with
some of the party’s prominent
donors who hold more liberal
views on social issues.
In his 30s, when he was a law-
yer mulling his next move, Mr.
Cruz sought out wealthy finan-
ciers who were major benefac-
tors to gay-rights causes. His
campaign for Texas attorney gen-
eral in 2009 was aided with
$250,000 from Peter Thiel, a co-
founder of PayPal, and he per-
suaded Mr. Singer to donate
$25,000. (Mr. Cruz withdrew
when his boss at the time, At-
torney General Greg Abbott,
sought re-election.)
Mr. Cruz continues to rely on
Mr. Thiel’s generosity and de-
scribes the venture capitalist,
who is gay, as a close friend. He
has been a guest at two lavish
conferences Mr. Thiel hosts for
up-and-coming conservative
leaders, one in Miami Beach at
the Setai, where rooms top $1,000
per night, in 2008, and another at
the Reynolds Plantation in Geor-
gia in 2009.
PHOTOGRAPHS BY TODD HEISLER/THE NEW YORK TIMES
stand up for gay rights and wom-
en’s rights.”
Mr. Sanders has been holding
double-digit leads in most New
Hampshire polls. Mrs. Clinton
considered directing her re-
sources to other states, but after
the close call in Iowa she decided
to take a serious run at New
Hampshire in hopes of pulling off
another upset in a place where
voters helped her disprove poll-
ing data and surprise then-Sena-
tor Barack Obama in 2008.
Under pressure from Mr. Sand-
ers to demonstrate that she is a
progressive, she detailed in ex-
plicit terms the fights that she
has faced with Republicans over
the years, painting herself as the
candidate most battle-tested to
promote Democrats’ causes.
“They want to control our
country,” she said of Republican
special interest groups. “They
want to destroy our balance of
power — they want to go after
our political system and fill it
with people that will do their bill-
ing.”
As she did in 2008 in New
Hampshire, Mrs. Clinton also
opened up in personal terms.
IAN THOMAS JANSEN-LONNQUIST FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
A person who attended the Mi-
ami Beach gathering described
the retreats as brainstorming
sessions on the future of the
American right involving people
who were more centrist-minded
than fire-breathing conserva-
tives.
Attendees included young Re-
publicans who were considered
rising stars at the time, including
Eric Cantor, who would become
House majority leader, and Aar-
on Schock, the former Illinois
congressman who would later re-
sign amid revelations of cam-
paign finance impropriety.
Mr. Thiel was also a major sup-
porter of Mr. Cruz’s 2012 Senate
campaign, giving $2 million to the
Club for Growth, which in turn
spent heavily on Mr. Cruz’s be-
half. And Mr. Cruz invoked their
friendship at a fund-raiser last
April at the home of two hoteliers
whose properties cater to a gay
clientele.
Mr. Thiel and Mr. Singer have
both supported efforts to legalize
same-sex marriage for the better
This time it was about her reli-
gion and the meaning of spiritu-
ality in her life.
She also shared revealing an-
ecdotes, recounting how as first
lady she would sneak out of the
White House in disguise and,
with the Secret Service, wander
around the National Mall and
help tourists take photos.
Still, as she discussed faith and
railed against the influence of
money in politics, Mrs. Clinton
struggled to justify the money
she takes from wealthy donors
who finance her campaign or
why she thought it was ethical to
receive hundreds of thousands of
dollars to give speeches to firms
like Goldman Sachs before she
decided to run for president.
Pressed on the matter by An-
derson Cooper, the forum’s mod-
erator, Mrs. Clinton said that had
not decided to run for president
when she was accepting such
large sums of money.
Asked if it was appropriate to
take $675,000 for giving speeches
to Goldman Sachs, Mrs. Clinton
stepped backward and said:
“Well, I don’t know. That’s what
they offered.”
part of the last decade.
Mr. Cruz first wooed Mr. Sing-
er in March 2009, according to a
person who reviewed Mr. Sing-
er’s calendar but insisted on ano-
nymity to disclose details from it.
Over the next five years, Mr.
Cruz requested at least eight
more meetings with Mr. Singer in
his Manhattan office, and got
four.
In 2012, Mr. Singer donated
$100,000 to a group that helped
elect Mr. Cruz to the Senate. But
he was turned off by what he
thought was Mr. Cruz’s futile and
harmful efforts that shut down
the government in 2013 in protest
of the Affordable Care Act.
They differed most noticeably,
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CO PY R I G H T A N D P R OT E C T E D BY A P P L I C A B L E L AW
however, on gay rights. Mr. Sing-
er has often urged Republicans to
adopt a more inclusive tone. But
shortly after the Supreme Court
ruling last summer that legalized
same-sex marriage, Mr. Cruz told
an audience of conservatives the
P r e s s R e a d e r. c o m
decision was “one of the greatest
threats to our democracy we
have seen in modern times.”

Republicans Try to Woo Women With a Softer Tone in New Hampshire
From Page A1
most critical swing vote in the
primary next week.
Tara McCarthy, 49, of Hennik-
er, N.H., said she had been del-
uged by overtures from the cam-
paigns as she tried to decide be-
tween Jeb Bush, a Republican,
and Hillary Clinton, a Democrat,
based on the issues she sees as
most relevant to women.
“I am the unicorn,” said Ms.
McCarthy, who works in sales. “I
am female, working, middle-
aged, and independent, and it’s
true — I have no fewer than five
voice mails on my phone every
time I get home.”
In polls, fewer women than
men say they have made a final
decision about whom to support,
and they have been far more like-
ly than men to recoil from Mr.
Trump, who has the most support
here among Republicans over all.
These voters, especially for the
candidates positioned closer to
the political center, have become
the focus of the campaign.
In a Republican field of candi-
dates with only one woman —
Carly Fiorina, the former Hew-
lett-Packard chief executive —
several of her rivals have enlisted
female political allies and family
members as running mates of
sorts. Mr. Bush, the former Flor-
ida governor, announced that his
mother, Barbara Bush, would join
him on the trail on Thursday.
Gov. John Kasich of Ohio has hit
the stump with his lieutenant
governor, Mary Taylor. Gov.
Chris Christie of New Jersey, al-
ready accompanied by his wife,
Mary Pat, has enlisted Meg Whit-
man, the current chief executive
of Hewlett-Packard, to campaign
with him here.
Asked on Tuesday what mes-
sage he hoped his mother would
deliver, Mr. Bush sounded a
sweet note: “That she loves me,
As Primary Vote Approaches, Economic Anxieties Ripple Across State
From Page A11
“We’re better than average,
economically speaking,” said Bill
Getty, 57, a mental health coun-
selor, after hearing Senator Ted
Cruz, the Texas Republican run-
ning for president, speak in Exe-
ter at the brick town hall. “But
not everything is milk and hon-
ey.”
Mr. Getty, too, pointed to the
heroin epidemic. The state had
an estimated 399 opioid overdose
deaths in 2015, a 22 percent in-
crease over the year before. In a
survey last fall, 25 percent of vot-
ers said the heroin epidemic was
the most important issue con-
fronting the state, ahead of the
economy. “It is so overwhelm-
ing,” Mr. Getty said. “It dom-
inates every conversation.”
Andrew E. Smith, a political
scientist and pollster at the Uni-
versity of New Hampshire, said
that voters’ mixed feelings re-
flected in part their generally
positive views of their own lives
and their more negative views of
the country as a whole; 61 per-
cent of New Hampshire voters
say the state is headed in the
right direction, but only 35 per-
cent say the same about the
country.
“The economy is not what it
used to be,” said Steve Hoffner,
42, a truck driver in Farmington,
a blue-collar town in east-central
New Hampshire. He and his wife,
Faye, 47, who works in insurance
administration, both strongly
back Donald J. Trump in Tues-
day’s Republican primary.
“We aren’t angry,” Ms. Hoffner
said as they waited for Mr.
Trump to appear in their high
school gymnasium, which was
festooned with a banner that
read, “Make America Great
Again!” “We just don’t want a ca-
reer politician. The biggest con-
cern for me is getting America
back to where it was.”
Voters’ outlooks on the country
are sharply divided along parti-
san lines. Polls show that 66 per-
cent of New Hampshire Demo-
crats believe the country is on the
right track, but only 5 percent of
Republicans agree. Much of the
Republican dissatisfaction stems
from disapproval of President
Obama, his overhaul of the health
care system and his support for
gun control.
“We’re on the edge of the
precipice,” said Nancy Kindler,
67, of Epping, echoing the words
of Mr. Cruz, whom she supports.
Her concerns include a fear that
the country is becoming “more
socialistic,” freedoms are being
eroded and government is impos-
ing too many regulations on peo-
ple and businesses.
“I’m worried sick for my chil-
dren and grandchildren,” she
said.
The two parties in New Hamp-
shire also differ on which issues
are most important. Since the ter-
rorist attacks last fall in Paris and
San Bernardino, Calif., Republi-
cans have rated national security
at the top, with 34 percent citing
it as their priority; next are the
that she supports me,” he said,
“and that she thinks I’m a capa-
ble leader — and she knows a lit-
tle about it because she’s had a
front-row seat watching two
presidents be president.”
In TV ads, too, the candidates
have stepped up appeals to wom-
en. In one, Mr. Bush says it is
“not strong to insult women,”
with a clip of Megyn Kelly of Fox
News saying Mr. Trump has “a
woman problem.” A digital ad
shows Penny Morrill, the retired
director of a Florida domestic vi-
olence shelter, saying that be-
cause of Mr. Bush, “Women and
children in the state of Florida
are much safer.”
And a “super PAC” supporting
Mr. Kasich released an ad at-
tacking Senator Marco Rubio of
Florida for having opposed the
reauthorization of the Violence
Against Women Act. (The group
withdrew the commercial after
Senator Kelly Ayotte, Republican
of New Hampshire, criticized it.)
Ms. Fiorina has a busy cam-
paign schedule in New Hamp-
shire and television ads support-
ing her campaign are on the air,
but she has struggled to break
through in the crowded race and
has been stuck near the bottom of
primary polls.
Ms. Whitman, stopping by Mr.
Christie’s campaign office in Bed-
ford on Tuesday, said that women
would be pivotal in his campaign
and that she hoped to serve as a
character witness. “It’s super-im-
portant that they understand
Chris’s points of view, and un-
derstand what a good man he is,”
she said. “If you’re going to win,
you’re going to have to get a dis-
proportionate share of women’s
votes.”
For women in the vital band of
centrist voters, the courtship has
become incessant. Women unaf-
filiated with a party are espe-
cially sought after because they
can vote in either party’s prima-
economy at 26 percent and immi-
gration at 11 percent.
Among Democrats, 26 percent
rate the economy as the top is-
sue, while 13 percent say national
security is.
Some of the angst over the
economy stems from a recogni-
tion that the state’s boom times
are over.
Even as major corporations
THE NEW YORK TIMES, THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 4, 2016
ELECTION
A crowd gathered for a Jeb Bush event on Jan. 23 in Merrimack, N.H. The primary is Tuesday.
ry.
Ms. McCarthy, the independ-
ent from Henniker, said she was
looking for a candidate who took
a “moderate approach,” and said
Senator Ted Cruz of Texas, the
Iowa caucus winner, and Mr.
Trump were totally unappealing.
“I wouldn’t even consider them,”
she said. “As a woman, I really
wouldn’t.”
Women have long played a piv-
otal role here as voters and of-
ficeholders. In 2012, this became
the only state to elect a congres-
sional delegation of all women.
After the 2008 election, a majority
of the members of the State Sen-
ate were women. And in 2016, the
state has the only all-female Sen-
ate race: Ms. Ayotte, the incum-
bent, against Gov. Maggie Has-
san, a Democrat.
like FedEx, UPS and Pratt &
Whitney expand here, job growth
over all has slowed and in some
regions has yet to return to pre-
recession levels. The cost of liv-
ing can be relatively high, espe-
cially in the suburbs near the
Massachusetts border. New
Hampshire’s minimum wage has
been stuck at $7.25 an hour, the
lowest in New England; attempts
2016
In presidential primaries, New
Hampshire women are typically
more influential on the Demo-
cratic side. But the Republican
race this year has shaped up dif-
ferently: With Mr. Trump col-
lecting an outsize share of men’s
votes, his opponents have pur-
sued women with vigor.
A poll last week by CNN and
the New Hampshire television
station WMUR found that while
35 percent of men supported Mr.
Trump, only about a quarter of
women planned to vote for him.
More than four in 10 women said
they would never vote for him.
Clara Frechette, 53, a tax ana-
lyst from Keene, said at a Bush
event on Tuesday that she was
undecided between four candi-
dates: Mr. Bush and Mr. Kasich
on the Republican side, and Mrs.
to raise it have gone nowhere.
“I’m more or less an angry vot-
er,” said Steve McEntire, 62, of
New Durham, whose information
technology job was outsourced to
China and who now drives a
coach bus between New Hamp-
shire and Logan International
Airport in Boston. He describes
himself as “a bus driver with an
M.B.A.” and supports Mr. Trump,
HILARY SWIFT FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
Clinton and Bernie Sanders, the
Vermont senator, on the Demo-
cratic side. Mr. Trump and Mr.
Cruz, she said, were nonstarters.
“I don’t think Trump really
cares about women, and their be-
ing equal to men,” Ms. Frechette
said. Of Mr. Cruz, she added,
“You think he’d be looking at the
Bible and say, ‘The man should
be the head of the household and
the women should do what the
men say.’”
The quest to connect with mod-
erate women has drawn out some
unexpected — and sometimes
awkward — moments from the
candidates. Mr. Kasich, who
speaks often about being a father
of teenage daughters, joked in
Merrimack about having worked
out at a gym recently because, he
said, “My wife likes my legs.”
PHOTOGRAPHS BY HILARY SWIFT FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
Hunt Smith, who makes violins in Nelson, N.H., performed re-
cently. His wife, Allison Aldrich Smith, says they are doing fine,
but worry that other families are in crisis. As Tuesday’s primary
approaches, a sign in Bradford, N.H., heralds Donald J. Trump.
whom he likes for “bucking the
establishment.”
“I had a good career and saved
for retirement, but I would hate
to start over now,” Mr. McEntire
said. “I’ve got 10 grandchildren,
and I can see them being finan-
cially strapped.”
Demographic shifts, mean-
while, are transforming the land-
scape.
For one thing, the state is get-
ting older. Its median age of 41.8
has surpassed Florida’s (41.2),
making it the third-oldest state
by that measure. That has impli-
cations for health care costs, the
state budget and the work force.
At the same time, the state is
losing young people. From 2000
to 2010, more than 10 percent of
those 20 to 29 years old de-
camped.
Liam Healy, 19, a forklift driver
at Exel’s mammoth warehouse in
Bow, is heading in the fall to Car-
negie Mellon University in Pitts-
burgh, where he will receive
some financial aid. That will be
less expensive than attending the
University of New Hampshire,
which has the highest in-state tu-
ition of any public four-year
ØN A15
And if there has been an out-
break of gentility across the Re-
publican field, there is a conspic-
uous exception for one woman:
Mrs. Clinton. On Wednesday, Mr.
Christie may have struck an off
note when he said that, in a hypo-
thetical debate with Mrs. Clinton,
he would “beat her rear end on
that stage.” (The comment ech-
oed a previous comment by Mr.
Cruz, who said last month that
Mrs. Clinton deserved a “spank-
ing” and suggested that she en-
gaged in a cover-up in the Ben-
ghazi attacks of 2012.)
Abortion is a delicate topic for
many Republican candidates. Mr.
Rubio, who has said that he op-
poses abortion even in cases of
rape and incest, navigated the is-
sue gingerly on Wednesday, as-
suring a voter in Pittsfield, N.H.,
than he could empathize with
young women facing unintended
pregnancies.
“It’s a tough issue,” he said.
“You have a young 15-year-old
that faces a crisis pregnancy and
she’s scared. Her whole life is
ahead of her.”
Mr. Christie, who made a rep-
utation for himself by theatrically
berating his New Jersey critics in
public events, took a decidedly
softer tone when a Portsmouth
woman pressed him on his view
of attempts to defund Planned
Parenthood. Mr. Christie, who
has endorsed such efforts, con-
ceded that some Republicans had
been “extraordinarily divisive”
on the issue.
And in Hopkinton, Mr. Christie
answered a query about his abor-
tion stance in part by describing
a text message his college-age
daughter had sent him that night,
saying she was proud of him.
“Well, you know, that got me
weeping on the plane,” Mr. Chris-
tie said. “It got Mary Pat weeping
on the plane. That’s what life and
love entering your heart can do.”
school in the country, according
to the College Board. The state’s
rate of support for higher educa-
tion is the nation’s lowest.
“I have to leave New Hamp-
shire to do what I want to do,”
said Mr. Healy, who is supporting
Mr. Sanders.
The in-migration that helped
expand the economy and kept
New Hampshire growing faster
than much of the Northeast has
also slowed. The state still has a
net gain of people 30 to 49 years
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CO PY R I G H T A N D P R OT E C T E D BY A P P L I C A B L E L AW
old, but it is smaller than before
the recession.
Over all, the state has more
turnover than most. Only 45 per-
cent of New Hampshire residents
were born here, compared with
68 percent nationwide who live in
P r e s s R e a d e r. c o m
the state where they were born.
More than 30 percent of those
eligible to vote in Tuesday’s pri-
maries were either not here in
2008 or were too young to vote,
according to a study from the
University of New Hampshire.
This makes assumptions about
the electorate tricky.
“It’s a completely different
state than it was in 2008,” Mr.
Smith, the pollster, said.
A16 Ø N
Jeb Bush, at Colby-Sawyer College in New London, N.H., on Wednesday, is under pressure to do well in the state’s primary.
Bush, Iowa Also-Ran, Faces Burden to Show Appeal
By JONATHAN MARTIN
and ASHLEY PARKER
MANCHESTER, N.H. — In the
crowded New Hampshire prima-
ry, no candidate may shape the
direction of the Republican presi-
dential campaign more than the
man who finished sixth in Iowa:
Jeb Bush.
With Senator Ted Cruz of Tex-
as, Donald J. Trump and Senator
Marco Rubio of Florida each fin-
ishing more than 20 percentage
points higher than Mr. Bush in
the Iowa caucuses on Monday,
the former Florida governor is
facing growing pressure to either
demonstrate his appeal to voters
or leave the race.
Specifically, many Republicans
— including some of his support-
ers and donors — said that Mr.
Bush must finish ahead of Mr.
Rubio in the primary here next
Tuesday to justify continuing his
campaign into South Carolina.
“If Rubio beats him badly in
New Hampshire, Jeb is toast,”
said Senator Lindsey Graham,
Republican of South Carolina, a
Bush backer who spent most of
Tuesday traveling the state with
him. Mr. Graham added that Mr.
Bush must either “tie Rubio or
beat him” in this state.
The burden falls so heavily on
Mr. Bush, who won just 2.8 per-
cent of the vote in Iowa, because
of Republican anxieties about the
top two finishers there, Mr. Cruz
and Mr. Trump: Many party lead-
ers fear that the nomination of
Mr. Trump or Mr. Cruz would
lead to an electoral rout this fall.
Were Mr. Bush to keep cam-
paigning into South Carolina, he
could create a split among prag-
matic-minded voters, denying
Mr. Rubio the chance to consoli-
date this bloc of Republicans —
and strengthening the hands of
Mr. Cruz and Mr. Trump. Many
Republicans believe that if Mr.
Rubio, who won an unexpected
23 percent in Iowa, right behind
Mr. Trump’s 24 percent, again de-
livers a strong performance in
New Hampshire, he will have
earned the right to carry the ban-
ner for the party establishment.
Asked Tuesday evening by re-
porters how well he felt he need-
ed to do in New Hampshire to
justify staying in the race, Mr.
Paul and Santorum Pull Out of G.O.P. Nomination Race
By ASHLEY PARKER
Senator Rand Paul of Kentucky
and Rick Santorum, the former
Pennsylvania senator, both end-
ed their presidential campaigns
on Wednesday, as the fallout
from the Iowa caucuses contin-
ued to winnow the Republican
field.
Mr. Paul, whose once popular
message of resistance to govern-
ment surveillance and foreign in-
tervention fell out of fashion amid
growing anxieties about terror-
ism, dropped out of the race after
a disappointing fifth-place finish
in the Iowa caucuses on Monday.
And Mr. Santorum, who failed
to recapture the energy and en-
thusiasm that turned him into a
serious challenger to Mitt Rom-
ney for the Republican nomina-
tion in 2012, announced the end of
his own campaign on Wednesday
evening on Fox News and en-
dorsed Senator Marco Rubio of
Florida.
In his endorsement of Mr. Ru-
bio, Mr. Santorum said he could
more effectively fight for the key
issues of his campaign by throw-
ing his support behind a better
positioned candidate who shares
the “values we believe in” and
who can benefit “those who are
struggling on the margins.”
Ruth Lindner, 66, right, of Sunapee, N.H., said she had voted
for both President Bushes but was still undecided about Jeb.
Bush struck a defiant note.
“Oh, I’m continuing on,” he
said. “I’m continuing on, yeah.”
Two rivals, Gov. Chris Christie
of New Jersey and Gov. John R.
Kasich of Ohio, are appealing to
the same voters and also need a
strong showing in New Hamp-
shire. But Mr. Bush is far better
financed and organized and can
most likely stay in the race longer
than they can otherwise.
While Mr. Bush had $7.6 million
in the bank and the “super PAC”
supporting him had an additional
$58.6 million as of Jan. 1, Mr. Kas-
ich had just $2.5 million and Mr.
Christie a paltry $1.1 million. And
neither Mr. Christie nor Mr. Kas-
ich, both of whom have spent the
vast majority of their time in New
Hampshire, has much in the way
of organization in South Carolina.
Mr. Bush, by contrast, has an
active network of supporters
there and has tapped into Mr.
Graham’s organization. And per-
haps most important, the super
PAC supporting Mr. Bush has
shown a willingness, to put it
mildly, to spend millions of dol-
lars against his rivals, particular-
ly Mr. Rubio, whom it has spent
more than $20 million attacking.
The prospect of the super PAC
maintaining its assault on Mr.
Rubio after the New Hampshire
primary leaves many Republi-
cans uneasy about Mr. Bush’s in-
tentions. And Mr. Rubio’s sup-
porters, cognizant of these con-
ERIC THAYER FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
Senator Rand Paul, left, earned just 4.5 percent of the vote in
the Iowa caucuses Monday, and Rick Santorum, a serious chal-
lenger for the Republican nomination in 2012, got even less.
Mr. Santorum, 57, finished near
the bottom of the field in Iowa,
with just 1 percent of the vote.
In a statement, Mr. Paul, 53,
said that while his campaign was
over, he remained ready to “fight
for the cause of liberty.”
He added: “Across the country,
thousands upon thousands of
young people flocked to our mes-
sage of limited government, pri-
vacy, criminal justice reform and
THE NEW YORK TIMES, THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 4, 2016
ELECTION
PHOTOGRAPHS BY CHERYL SENTER FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
cerns, began moving on Tuesday
to stoke these fears.
“If Jeb doesn’t do well there,
and he’s still got millions and mil-
lions to spend, does he stay
around?” mused Senator Cory
Gardner, Republican of Colorado,
a Rubio backer. “Who knows.”
But, Mr. Gardner noted, “more
money has been spent attacking
Republicans by fellow Republi-
cans in this election than any cy-
cle in the history of the party.”
It is not just supporters of Mr.
Rubio who are dismayed. Some
of Mr. Bush’s major donors, in-
cluding those with long ties to the
family, are also growing impa-
tient, hoping he will not go past
New Hampshire absent a strong
finish here.
Few are willing to say so pub-
licly, and on a Tuesday confer-
ence call the campaign held for
fund-raisers, they did not even
get a chance to say so privately:
The Bush aides running the call
did not open it up to questions.
It is unclear what threshold
Mr. Bush might feel he must
reach to continue after the New
Hampshire vote. But on the con-
ference call and in talking points
the campaign emailed late Mon-
day night to supporters, Mr.
Bush’s team pointed to surveys
showing him in a statistical tie for
second in New Hampshire.
The campaign also built up Mr.
Bush’s effort to win the state, and
trumpeted New Hampshire’s re-
RUTH FREMSON/THE NEW YORK TIMES
a reasonable foreign policy.
Brush fires of liberty were ignit-
ed, and those will carry on, as will
I.”
Mr. Paul earned just 4.5 per-
cent of the vote in the Iowa cau-
cuses, a discouraging finish for
someone who, only a year earlier,
had seemed poised to make a real
run at the White House.
Though sometimes irascible,
Mr. Paul seemed to offer an inclu-
2016
cent role in determining the Re-
publican standard-bearer. (Left
unmentioned was the 2000 prima-
ry here, in which Mr. Bush’s older
brother, George W., lost in a land-
slide and still went on to claim
the nomination.)
“The Granite State has long
been the state voters look to in
choosing the nominee and next
president,” the staff wrote in the
email to supporters, highlighting
Mr. Bush’s endorsements and or-
ganizational strength.
In reality, Mr. Bush’s top advis-
ers know Mr. Rubio’s finish in
Iowa makes it harder for Mr.
Bush to claim that he is the log-
ical alternative to Mr. Trump and
Mr. Cruz. Yet he seems torn be-
tween focusing his fire on Mr. Ru-
bio or Mr. Trump.
On Tuesday, his campaign be-
gan airing an unusually long two-
minute ad in New Hampshire at-
tacking Mr. Trump for insulting
veterans, women and the dis-
abled. And at a stop in Henniker,
N.H., Mr. Bush aimed some of his
most pointed language yet at Mr.
Trump, who finished second in
Iowa, calling him a “loser” with
“deep insecurities.”
Yet on the same day Mr. Bush
went so aggressively after Mr.
Trump, he also sought to raise
doubts about Mr. Rubio, incorpo-
rating Mr. Cruz for purposes of
comparison.
“If you look at their records,
they’re gifted in how they speak,
but what about their life experi-
ence?” Mr. Bush said at Franklin
Pierce University in Rindge, lik-
ening the two to President Oba-
ma, who was elected president
after less than four years in the
Senate. “Is there something in
their past that would suggest
they have the capability of mak-
ing a tough decision?”
Yet there are signs Mr. Bush
may still have some work to do.S-
peaking at the Hanover Inn near
the Vermont border on Tuesday,
Mr. Bush finished a fiery riff
about protecting the country —
“I won’t be out here blow-har-
ding, talking a big game without
backing it up,” he said — and was
met with total silence.
“Please clap,” he said, sound-
ing defeated.
The crowd laughed — and
then, finally, clapped.
sive vision for the Republican
Party, working across the aisle on
issues like an overhaul of the
criminal justice system and vis-
iting places not typically traf-
ficked by Republicans — urban
centers, liberal-leaning college
campuses — to present his views.
He also inherited the libertarian
streak of his father, former Rep-
resentative Ron Paul of Texas,
who ran for president several
times, including in 2008 and 2012.
Mr. Santorum won the Iowa
caucuses in 2012, running his
campaign on a shoestring budg-
et. His hard-line conservative
stances, like opposition to same-
sex marriage and abortion rights,
helped endear him to the state’s
deeply religious voters.
In this campaign, as in 2012,
Mr. Santorum completed the
“Full Grassley” — visiting all of
Iowa’s 99 counties, in a feat
named after the state’s Repub-
lican senior senator, Charles E.
Grassley — but he could not
recreate his previous momen-
tum.
Mike Huckabee, the former
Republican governor of Arkan-
sas, and Martin O’Malley, the for-
mer Democratic governor of
Maryland, suspended their cam-
paigns on Monday night after dis-
appointing Iowa performances.
ON THE TRAIL
George and Barbara Bush with their family, in 1964. Clock-
wise from left, Neil, Jeb, George W., Marvin and Dorothy.
LOOKING AHEAD
Bush Family Reunion to Coincide
With a Primary and a Birthday
NEW LONDON, N.H. —
South Carolina is Bush Country.
Or, that’s the plan, anyway,
with much of Jeb Bush’s family
heading to the state for an in-
formal (birthday!) reunion in
advance of the primary there
on Feb 20.
Both Mr. Bush and his sister
have said that they expect their
older brother, former President
George W. Bush, to hit the cam-
paign trail in South Carolina,
where he remains popular with
the Republican base. At a din-
ner of about 300 Morgan Stan-
ley executives on Wednesday
evening in New York, the for-
mer president said he was look-
ing forward to campaigning for
his brother there, according to
two people briefed on his re-
marks.
And Jeb Bush, who will turn
63 next Thursday — two days
after the New Hampshire pri-
REVISITING IOWA
Saying Cruz Stole His Caucus Victory
Via Fraud, Trump Calls for Do-Over
After hinting at it for a day,
Donald J. Trump on Wednesday
bluntly accused Senator Ted
Cruz of “stealing” victory in the
Iowa caucuses and demanded a
do-over.
Mr. Trump finished second in
Iowa, after leading polls there
for months. Initially, after los-
ing the state, Mr. Trump was
gracious, thanking Iowans in
his concession speech and of-
fering Mr. Cruz a kind word on
his victory.
On Tuesday, though, Mr.
Trump vacillated between
thanking Iowans and saying he
was honored by his showing to
saying it wasn’t worth spend-
ing his own money on the race
because voters didn’t appreci-
ate it.
Mr. Trump is basing his claim
that Mr. Cruz stole the victory
on reports that Mr. Cruz’s aides
and allies, including Represent-
ative Steve King of Iowa, had
posted a false report on Twitter
that Ben Carson had suspended
his campaign while the voting
was still going on. The implica-
tion is that some of the Carson
“Fighting for Us” signs were popular at a Clinton campaign
rally Wednesday at the Boys & Girls Club in Derry, N.H.
THE MESSAGE
Clinton Plays Up ‘Fighter’ Theme
Heading Into Battle in New Hampshire
DERRY, N.H. — The signs
read “Fighting for Us.” The new
theme song is “Fight Song.”
The documentary video shown
at the beginning of her events is
titled “Fighter.”
And, now the tough fight
ahead in the New Hampshire
primary has become part of the
central message of Hillary Clin-
ton’s campaign.
“I come here well aware of
the fact that political pundits
have been opining, as political
pundits do, that I should have
just skipped coming to New
Hampshire,” said Mrs. Clinton,
who trails Senator Bernie Sand-
ers of Vermont by double digits
in most polls in and around the
state.
ASSOCIATED PRESS
mary — will also be joined in
South Carolina by his wife,
three children, two daughters-
in-law, and four grandchildren
for a day of birthday campaign
fun. Mr. Bush’s mother, Barba-
ra, will be joining him Thursday
in New Hampshire.
The Bush campaign has
struggled with how to handle
the dynastic clan, but Mr. Bush
has become increasingly com-
fortable embracing his family.
Speaking to voters here on
Wednesday, Mr. Bush said,
“I’m a Bush and I’m proud of
it.”
“I love my mother, and she
thinks I’m her favorite son. I’m
blessed to have a father that’s
the greatest man alive,” he said.
“And I love my brother. So I’m
part of the establishment be-
cause I’m a Bush. Great.
Doesn’t bother me a bit.”
ASHLEY PARKER
votes ended up going to Mr.
Cruz.
“Based on the fraud commit-
ted by Senator Ted Cruz during
the Iowa Caucus, either a new
election should take place or
Cruz results nullified,” Mr.
Trump wrote on Twitter.
Before that, Mr. Trump
tweeted: “Ted Cruz didn’t win
Iowa, he stole it. That is why all
of the polls were so wrong and
why he got far more votes than
anticipated.”
Asked about Mr. Trump’s re-
marks at a news conference
Wednesday in Goffstown, N.H.,
Mr. Cruz assailed Mr. Trump as
never before, taunting him as
someone who “finds it very
hard to lose” and saying a man
with his temperament belonged
nowhere near “the button.”
“We’re liable to wake up one
morning and Donald, if he were
president, would have nuked
Denmark,” Mr. Cruz said.
“That’s not the temperament of
a leader to keep this country
safe.”
MAGGIE HABERMAN
RICHARD PERRY/THE NEW YORK TIMES
“I have to tell you,” Mrs. Clin-
ton told an intimate crowd at an
event space at the Derry Boys
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& Girls Club, “I just could not
ever skip New Hampshire. I
could not even imagine not be-
ing here, not being in settings
like these.”
If Bill Clinton famously
vowed at a New Hampshire
town hall to stand up for strug-
P r e s s R e a d e r. c o m
gling Americans “‘till the last
dog dies,” his wife is keeping
the dog on life support. She
trailed Mr. Sanders by 19 per-
centage points in a Marist poll
conducted Jan. 17 to Jan. 23, and
her advisers have urged her to
focus time and resources on
Nevada, which holds its caucus-
es on Feb. 20.
AMY CHOZICK

Activist Joins Campaign
For Mayor in Baltimore
By JOHN ELIGON
DeRay Mckesson, whose activ-
ism over the last year and a half
has vaulted him from obscure
Twitter sage to a political force in
the national Black Lives Matter
movement, announced Wednes-
day that he was running for may-
or of Baltimore.
His entry is a step into the
mainstream for a national move-
ment that has been criticized for
a lack of organized structure and
tactics. His candidacy is sure to
jolt the political and protest com-
munities at a time when activists
have eschewed traditional poli-
tics and sought to work outside
the system.
Mr. Mckesson, a Baltimore na-
tive who will run as a Democrat,
faces an uphill
climb.
He is diving,
relatively late,
into a crowded
race of about a
dozen candi-
dates. Among
them are prom-
inent black DeRay
leaders includ- Mckesson
ing Nick J.
Mosby, a city
councilman and the husband of
the prosecutor who is trying six
police officers in the death of a
young black Baltimore man last
year, and Sheila Dixon, the for-
mer mayor who remains popular
even though she left office after a
conviction on fraud charges. Da-
vid L. Warnock, a prominent
businessman, also is vying for
the nomination.
The Democratic victor of the
primary on April 26 is almost as-
sured of winning the general
election for an office that the par-
ty has controlled for nearly half a
century.
In a statement, Mr. Mckesson
said that he was running to chal-
lenge the normal order of govern-
ing in the city. “We cannot rely on
traditional pathways to politics
and the traditional politicians
who walk that path,” he wrote.
“We have to challenge the prac-
tices that have not and will not
lead to transformation.”
Mr. Mckesson, 30, rose to
prominence in the movement
that emerged after a white police
officer fatally shot Michael
Brown, an unarmed black 18-
year-old, in Ferguson, Mo., in Au-
gust 2014. Mr. Mckesson was
quickly on the ground in Mis-
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souri, providing sharp, continu-
ous Twitter missives challenging
what he and many others saw as
a racist law enforcement regime.
At the center of the mayor’s
race will be issues of race and po-
licing in a predominantly black
city that saw riots and mass dem-
onstrations last year after 25-
year-old Freddie Gray died of in-
juries sustained in police custody.
Mayor Stephanie Rawlings-
Blake was criticized for her han-
dling of the unrest that followed.
She is not running for re-election.
Mr. Mckesson’s supporters
herald him for helping shed light
on national issues of police abuse
and misconduct. His detractors,
however, tag him as an antipolice
anarchist whose comments
helped foster spasms of protest
violence in cities across the coun-
try where blacks have died at the
hands of law enforcement. Mr.
Mckesson also has critics in the
movement, who argue that he is
too cozy with the establishment
(he has met with both Senator
Bernie Sanders and Hillary Clin-
ton as well as Valerie Jarrett, one
of President Obama’s top advis-
ers) and too much of a celebrity.
(He is one of 10 people whom
Beyoncé follows on Twitter.)
He left his job as an adminis-
trator in the Minneapolis Public
Schools to move to the St. Louis
area to work as a full-time activ-
ist. He then traveled around the
country, turning to Twitter to
chronicle protests against racial
injustice. He has since returned
to his hometown, Baltimore.
His decision to run may help
pacify critics who have said that
the Black Lives Matter move-
ment is too diffuse and that the
new crop of activists are ineffec-
tive in creating change. Older
generations of civil rights activ-
ists have applauded the Black
Lives Matter activists for bring-
ing awareness to the issues fac-
ing blacks today. But they also
ask: Now what?
“I was a civil rights activist,
and we had specific goals, spe-
cific things that we wanted to see
happen,” said Elbert Walton, 73, a
political insider in St. Louis.
New activists jumping into the
electoral fray would be a positive
sign, Mr. Walton added, because
it would mean “that they under-
stood that their problem was a
government problem” and that
they had “to take control of gov-
ernment.”
®
THE NEW YORK TIMES NATIONAL THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 4, 2016
Obama, on Visit to Mosque, Speaks Out for Muslims
From Page A1
terms. Administration officials
said there had been little internal
debate about Mr. Obama visiting
an American mosque since talk
about it began at the White
House last fall.
In an aside that drew consider-
able laughter, Mr. Obama told the
crowd at the mosque that contro-
versy over a president’s religion
is not new. “By the way, Thomas
Jefferson’s opponents tried to stir
things up by suggesting he was a
Muslim — so I was not the first,”
he said, adding: “I’m in good
company.”
For Mr. Obama, the remarks
were also an admission of how lit-
tle progress has been made since
the speech in Cairo, where he
called for “a sustained effort to
listen to each other, to learn from
each other, to respect one an-
other, and to seek common
ground.” In his speech on
Wednesday, he suggested that
his hopes for a reconciliation had
been dashed, but he called on all
Americans to stick by the coun-
try’s founding ideals.
Muslims in the audience hailed
the address.
“I think it was one of the best
speeches he’s ever given,” said
Kitty Bennett contributed re-
search.
Representative André Carson, an
Indiana Democrat. Representa-
tive Keith Ellison, a Minnesota
Democrat, said the speech “hit
me in the heart” and was a vital
antidote to growing intolerance.
“I have a 19-year-old daughter
who is a Muslim and wants to
contribute to her nation, and it
bugs me that someone who says
he wants to be president would
want to exclude her,” Mr. Ellison
said.
But Morton Klein, president of
the Zionist Organization of Amer-
ica, one of the country’s oldest
and largest pro-Israel organiza-
tions, denounced Mr. Obama for
visiting a mosque whose leaders,
Mr. Klein said, have among other
issues criticized Israeli military
actions. “Going to such a mosque
only encourages radical Muslims
to harm Americans,” Mr. Klein
said.
White House and Islamic Soci-
ety of Baltimore officials did not
respond to Mr. Klein’s criticism.
Ibrahim Hooper, a spokesman for
the Council on American-Islamic
Relations, said that “any mosque
would have been attacked simi-
larly.”
Concerns about Muslims and
Syrian refugees in the United
States grew after terrorist at-
tacks in Paris in November
claimed the lives of 130 people
and after a mass shooting by a
DREW ANGERER FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
husband-and-wife team in San
Bernardino, Calif., in December
left 14 people and 22 seriously
wounded.
Since then, attacks on Ameri-
can Muslims and mosques have
spiked, according to the Council
on American-Islamic Relations.
At a meeting at the White House
last month, prominent American
Muslims pleaded with senior ad-
ministration officials to have the
president visit a mosque in the
hope of stemming such attacks.
A portion of Mr. Obama’s
speech in Baltimore was a kind of
primer, in which he offered
“some basic facts” on Islam and
the United States that he said the
news media had failed to commu-
nicate.
Among those facts: Islam is a
religion of peace. Some of the ear-
liest Americans were Muslim.
Jefferson and other founding fa-
thers sought to guarantee the
freedom of Muslims to worship.
Muslims are everywhere in
American society as doctors,
teachers, soldiers and sports
stars.
Mr. Obama said that too many
Americans heard about Islam
only after terrorist attacks, and
that this must change. “Our tele-
vision shows should have some
Muslim characters that are unre-
lated to national security,” he
said. “It’s not that hard to do.
N A17
“We have to
reject a poli-
tics that
seeks to ma-
nipulate
prejudice or
bias, and tar-
gets people
because of
religion,”
President
Obama said
Wednesday
in Baltimore.
There was a time when there
were no black people on televi-
sion.”
Mr. Obama also said that any-
one who suggested that the Unit-
ed States was at war with Islam
not only legitimized such groups
as the Islamic State but also
played into their hands. “That
kind of mind-set helps our ene-
mies,” he said. “It helps our ene-
mies recruit. It makes us all less
safe.”
Doris Kearns Goodwin, a presi-
dential scholar, likened Mr. Oba-
ma’s visit and warnings against
anti-Muslim language to warn-
ings made by two other presi-
dents at the end of their terms.
“George Washington warned
his countrymen against the in-
creasing power of factions which
kindle animosity of one against
the other, while Eisenhower
warned against the unwarranted
influence of the military industri-
al complex,” she wrote in an
email.
Mr. Obama ended his speech
by reminding Muslim Americans,
“You are not alone, your fellow
Americans stand with you.” And
he reminded others that the
country’s diversity “is not a
weakness, that is one of our
greatest strengths.”
“We are one American family,”
he said. “We will rise and fall to-
gether.”
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CO PY R I G H T A N D P R OT E C T E D BY A P P L I C A B L E L AW
P r e s s R e a d e r. c o m
A18 N
THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 4, 2016
PAT SULLIVAN/ASSOCIATED PRESS
Robert A. Durst in 2014.
Meeting Their Match in a New Coed Division
By COREY KILGANNON
At a typical high school wrestling
match, boys compete on the mat while
girls cheer them on in the stands
alongside other fans.
But things were different at a New
York City public high school match on
Tuesday night, as the Bronx High
School of Science took on the Seward
Park Educational Campus, whose
wrestlers had traveled to the Bronx by
subway from the Lower East Side of
Manhattan.
The wrestlers’ benches were
crowded with boys and girls warming
up and cheering on one another as
competitors of both sexes took the mat
to compete, making it hard to tell ini-
tially whether these were boys’ or
girls’ teams.
In fact, they were both.
It was a playoff match for a new
coed wrestling division of the city’s
Public Schools Athletic League, in
which boys and girls are part of the
same teams, practicing together and
competing in matches. Individual
At city high schools,
integrated teams in a
male-dominated sport.
bouts are same-sex — boys wrestle
boys and girls wrestle girls — but the
matches contribute to a team’s overall
score.
In the playoffs this week for the new
12-team division, four teams advanced
to the finals on Thursday, which are to
be held at Bronx Science.
The new division creates an official
space for girls in a high school sport
that is still male-dominated and in
which girls seeking to compete
typically have to practice with boys
and crack an all-male starting lineup,
despite often finding themselves at a
strength disadvantage.
This does not mean that girls cannot
defeat boys. Rachel Koltsov, 17, a senior
captain who wrestles in the 149-pound
weight class for Bronx Science, has
beaten a few boys this season in indi-
vidual competition. But her success
against girls in the school’s team
matches has helped propel Bronx Sci-
ence to the top of the new league, with
an undefeated record of 11-0.
Rachel attributes the team’s success
largely to the chemistry between boys
and girls, both in practice, where they
work out together, and in matches,
where they seem to complement one
another.
“The boys are intense, but the girls
are more calm, so we balance each
other,” she said, eliciting a nod from
An Immigrant’s Four-Year Fight to Become a Lawyer Ends in Celebrations
By LIZ ROBBINS
When the day finally came, Cesar Var-
gas cried. His mother cried. His law pro-
fessors cried.
His four-year legal fight to become a
lawyer ended on Wednesday in a gilded
courtroom in Brooklyn. There, Mr. Var-
gas, a 32-year-old Mexican immigrant,
was sworn in along with 67 others as the
newest members of the New York State
Bar.
After the ceremony at the Appellate
Division of State Supreme Court in
Brooklyn Heights, Mr. Vargas, held the
certificate of admittance he had pur-
chased for $5 as proof, and embraced his
mother, Teresa Galindo. She started
weeping. So did he.
“Because,” Ms. Galindo, 72, said, “the
child that I took by the hand crossing the
border is now a lawyer.”
With immigration reform stalled in
Congress and the president’s executive
action to provide legal protections to
some undocumented immigrants cur-
rently up for review by the Supreme
Court, Mr. Vargas’s achievement offered
hope for immigration activists.
“I see it as a victory personally for Ce-
sar Vargas, but for immigrants every-
where, particularly for Dreamers, for
those whose legal status is not of their
own doing and who seek full inclusion in
what is only their home, this country,”
said Michelle J. Anderson, the dean of
the City University of New York School of
Durst Pleads Guilty to Gun Charge; Faces 7 Years in Prison
By CHARLES V. BAGLI
Robert A. Durst’s luck may be running
out.
Mr. Durst, the estranged scion of a
New York real estate family who has
long been a suspect in several murders,
pleaded guilty in New Orleans federal
court on Wednesday to illegally pos-
sessing a .38-caliber revolver.
In March 2015, the Federal Bureau of
Investigation, fearing that Mr. Durst was
about to flee the country, arrested him at
the JW Marriott Hotel on Canal Street,
where he had registered under an alias.
During a search, they discovered a hand-
gun. Because Mr. Durst, 72, is a felon, it is
illegal for him to possess a firearm.
His arrest came as the cable channel
Law, who taught Mr. Vargas and wit-
nessed the ceremony.
Ms. Anderson added, choking up,
“He’s an amazing kid.”
The second youngest of eight children,
Mr. Vargas was 5 when he crossed the
border from Tijuana to San Diego.
He grew up on Staten Island and grad-
uated from James Madison High School
in Brooklyn. After law school, Mr. Vargas
passed the New York State bar exam in
2011 on his first try. He applied for admis-
sion to the bar in 2012, but was rebuffed
by the bar’s Committee on Character and
Fitness because of his immigration sta-
tus. His application was then referred to
the Appellate Division of State Supreme
Court.
In 2013 he gained temporary protec-
tion from deportation as part of Presi-
dent Obama’s program for children who
came illegally with a parent and became
an activist for immigration reform,
founding the Dream Action Coalition.
In June, an appellate panel of the State
Supreme Court voted unanimously to
grant his bar application, making Mr.
Vargas the first immigrant without legal
status to be allowed entry into the bar.
But there was a problem: He had been
arrested in January 2015 while pro-
testing during a political program in
Iowa, interrupting Gov. Chris Christie of
New Jersey.
Mr. Vargas was sentenced in June to a
year of probation, which was cut to six
Mr. Durst will eventually be trans-
ferred to federal prison, most likely to
Resolving legal trouble in Terminal Island, outside of Los Angeles,
Louisiana, but a murder to face charges that he murdered a for-
mer confidante, Susan Berman. Under
case looms in California. the plea agreement, the prosecution has
to arraign Mr. Durst by Aug. 18.
Mr. Durst faced a maximum prison
sentence of 10 years and a fine of
HBO was broadcasting a six-part docu- $250,000.
mentary about him, which turned him “We got everything we wanted out of
into a notorious national figure. the way so we can get to California,” Mr.
Under a plea bargain arrangement, Durst’s lead lawyer, Dick DeGuerin, said.
Mr. Durst will be sentenced to 85 months “We want to go to trial and prove that he
in federal prison, pending final approval didn’t kill Susan Berman and doesn’t
by Judge Kurt D. Engelhardt of United know who did.”
States District Court, who is now han- Mr. Durst, who appeared so thin that
dling the case. his shackles kept slipping below his
PHOTOGRAPHS BY HIROKO MASUIKE/THE NEW YORK TIMES
Unwana Abasiurua, 17, of the Bronx High School of Science trying to pin
Pema Yangchen, 16, of the Seward Park Educational Campus. Below,
Amanda Rodriguez, 17, and Samee Buccellato, 14, of Bronx Science.
her teammate Eliot Giannoni, 17.
“They’re the secret to our success,”
Eliot, a junior who competed in the 182-
pound weight class, said.
Chris Smith, their coach, said, “Hav-
ing girls on the team definitely
changed the boys’ outlook.”
“Before, the boys were just about
themselves, but now they’re more en-
couraging,” he added. “Now, there’s
more excitement on the bench.”
By focusing on learning technique,
Mr. Smith said, girls also set a better
tone at practice.
“Sometimes guys tend to feel they
know it all,” he said, “where, with the
girls, you have their undivided atten-
tion.”
The new coed division is the first of
its kind in the state, and perhaps the
country, Ken Bigley, the commissioner
of the Public Schools Athletic League,
months in December. His record was ex- Jose Perez, the deputy general counsel
punged, clearing the way for admission of Latino Justice PRLDEF, a legal advo-
to the bar. cacy group that represented Mr. Vargas,
“I must admit, there were moments said Mr. Vargas was already an example.
where I felt defeated; there were mo- The general counsel of the Utah State
ments where I thought I was not going to Bar called Mr. Perez recently, asking him
be a lawyer,” Mr. Vargas said at a news what to do in similar cases in which stu-
conference in the cafeteria of his under- dents were undocumented.
graduate alma mater, St. Francis College. “They realize that the Legislature
PEARL GABEL FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
Cesar Vargas, 32, who was born in Mexico, with his mother, Teresa Galindo,
after being sworn in as a member of the New York State Bar on Wednesday.
waist, responded to questions from the
judge in a weak, raspy monotone.
The resolution of the Los Angeles case
could finally cast light on the mysteries
that have enveloped Mr. Durst for the
past 34 years.
Mr. Durst is the oldest son of Seymour
Durst, whose family owns a dozen sky-
scrapers in Manhattan. Robert Durst
broke with his family in 1994, after his fa-
ther and uncle picked his younger
brother Douglas to take over the busi-
ness.
Mr. Durst’s first wife, Kathleen, disap-
peared in 1982, and the authorities be-
lieve he killed Ms. Berman to ensure she
did not reveal what she knew about what
Continued on Page A21
said.
The league started a girls’ wrestling
division three years ago, and the num-
ber of teams has grown from 16 to 21,
with a total of 300 girls who
participated in the girls’ season last
spring.
Still, that number is small compared
with the roughly 1,670 boys who are
wrestling on 78 public school teams
citywide.
But girls continue to push their way
into public high school wrestling
rooms across the city, increasing to
more than 250 from fewer than 100
over the past four winter seasons, Mr.
Bigley said, a figure that includes the
integrated league and all-male teams.
Of the integrated division’s 250
wrestlers, more than 100 are girls, said
Eric Goldstein, chief executive of the
Continued on Page A21
doesn’t necessarily need to act, that
typically in their state the judiciary de-
termines bar admission and eligibility,”
Mr. Perez said.
On Wednesday, before swearing in the
68 lawyers standing in front of him, Jus-
tice Randall T. Eng said that he was
brought to the United States from China
as an infant, which proved that birth-
place was not an obstacle. He then asked
how many of the lawyers had been born
outside the United States. At least eight
people raised their hands.
Mr. Vargas was touched by Justice
Eng’s speech. “It was like he
paraphrased the decision,” Mr. Vargas
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said, referring to the June decision in
which the appellate court wrote: “Mr.
Vargas’ undocumented immigration sta-
tus, in and of itself, does not reflect ad-
versely upon his general fitness to prac-
tice law. No matter where you are born,
you can be a lawyer.”
Mr. Vargas is now a Latino-outreach
P r e s s R e a d e r. c o m
strategist for Senator Bernie Sanders of
Vermont, who is seeking the Democratic
presidential nomination. Mr. Vargas will
not be practicing law until after the No-
vember elections because he is busy on
the campaign trail. Yet despite the day’s
celebrations, with tamales his mother
made, he said his future wasuncertain.
“I could still be deported any time,” Mr.
Vargas said in a quiet moment. “If Trump
was elected, he could deport me and my
family. I am still undocumented.”
 THE NEW YORK TIMES NEW YORK THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 4, 2016 0N A19

2 Student Suicides in Less Than a Month Cast a Pall Over a Bronx Prep School
By KATE TAYLOR
Fordham Preparatory School,
the all-boys Jesuit high school in
the Bronx, has been stunned and
shaken in recent weeks, as not one
but two students have killed them-
selves, both by jumping in front of
trains.
On Jan. 18, Owen Kelly, 16, a
sophomore, stepped in front of a
New York City-bound train near
the Philipse Manor Metro-North
Railroad station in Westchester
County. Then, on Monday after-
noon, another student, a sopho-
more who has not been named,
was struck by a northbound
Metro-North train passing
through the Botanical Garden sta-
tion, near the school.
On Tuesday, students described
the mood among their classmates
and teachers as shellshocked, as
the school marshaled resources to
provide counseling to grieving
students and reassurance to wor-
ried parents.
Michael Park, 16, a junior, said
his religion teacher had talked in
class about the idea of “copycat
suicide,” saying that sometimes
news of a suicide can inspire peo-
ple who are depressed to see
killing themselves as an option,
and encouraged students to seek
help if they were having such
thoughts.
Through a spokeswoman, Ford-
ham Prep’s president, the Rev.
Christopher J. Devron, said that
after the first death, the school set
up a counseling center for stu-
dents and held a meeting for fac-
ulty members, led by the school’s
counselors, to help teachers rec-
ognize signs of emotional distress.
On Tuesday, he said, the school
also hired Amelio A. D’Onofrio, a
1981 graduate and the director of
the Psychological Services Insti-
tute in the Graduate School of Ed-
ucation at Fordham University, to
assist Fordham Prep. He said Dr.
D’Onofrio, who has an expertise in
adolescent self-injury, would
Gould said, possibly because of
the role that peer relationships
play in their lives, or because of
their impulsivity.
She said the second student sui-
cide at Fordham Prep was almost
certainly an instance of imitation,
with the deaths so close in time
and in the same manner being
“more than just a coincidence.”
In the case of one of the most
written-about groups of suicides,
the academic pressure put on high
school students in Palo Alto, Calif.,
has been blamed for contributing
to suicide clusters.
But Fordham Prep is known for
a relatively relaxed atmosphere
and the lifelong friendships that
form there. Students refer to it af-
fectionately as Holiday Prep for
the abundance of days off, and
alumni describe their classmates
as brothers.
Dr. Gould said the most impor-
tant things for a school to do in
such circumstances were to dispel
rumors, make clear the resources
PHOTOGRAPHS BY KARSTEN MORAN FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
that were available for students
The Metro-North Railroad station near the New York Botanical Garden in the Bronx, where a and encourage parents to talk to
Fordham Preparatory School student died on Monday after being struck by a northbound train. their children about how they
were feeling.
counsel students and hold a meet- On Tuesday, Fordham Prep ex-
ing for parents. tended the typical morning meet-
Meredith Daniels, a spokes- ing in which students gather in
woman for the Metropolitan small groups with their faculty
Transportation Authority, which mentors.
operates Metro-North, said that, The teachers told those who
for now, the agency was posting had not already heard about the
police officers on the platforms of second student’s death, Father
stations serving Fordham Prep Devron said, and spoke about the
students when they were coming preciousness of life, students said.
and going from school. Students said the teachers noted
At least five communities in the that guidance counselors would
United States per year experience be stationed in the library each
a youth suicide cluster of three or day for most of the next month to
more suicides, according to Made- talk.
lyn Gould, a professor of epidemi- During the morning prayer
ology in psychiatry at the Colum- over the intercom, students said,
bia University Medical Center, the announcer said one for Mr.
who is an expert in the topic. Kelly and the other student, as
Teenagers and young adults are well as a 24-year-old alumnus,
particularly susceptible to what is Fordham Prep students described the mood there as shell- Matthew Genovese, who drowned
called suicide contagion, Dr. shocked after two students killed themselves in a similar way. in the Hudson River on the night
of Jan. 23.
After school on Tuesday, as
some students ran to catch a train
at the Botanical Garden station,
others described themselves as
frightened and confused by the
events.
Andrew Ohakum, 17, a senior,
said students had emerged from
the morning meetings in shock.
“It was almost complete si-
lence,” he said of the hallways. “It
was terrifying.”
Another student, who declined
to give his name, said he could not
make sense of the suicides.
“I have no idea what’s going on;
I don’t know why this is happen-
ing,” he said. “We just have to keep
everyone in our prayers.”
Mr. Kelly, who lived in Sleepy
Hollow, N.Y., played hockey and
was a counselor-in-training at
Camp Shankitunk in Delhi, N.Y.,
according to an obituary.
Anshuman Konuru, a 2015 grad-
uate who is now a freshman at the
University of Pennsylvania, said
that he had known Mr. Kelly since
elementary school and that they
had often ridden the train togeth-
er, though he had not talked with
him since he graduated.
“From what I saw, he was a re-
ally great kid, and he was always
so happy, and always had a smile
on his face,” he said.
Mr. Konuru said his Facebook
feed was full of expressions of
shock and grief from his class-
mates, many of whom had
changed their profile pictures to
the Fordham Prep logo to show
solidarity with the school. He said
everyone was bewildered and
anxious.
“We were there for four years,
and we hadn’t heard of anything
happening like this at our school,”
he said.
“We’re worried about how the
Fordham community will regroup
after this,” he added. “It’s a lot to
deal with.”

Council Members Show No Qualms on Raising Own Pay Beyond Panel’s Advice
By J. DAVID GOODMAN
A City Council hearing on rais-
ing members’ pay began 24 min-
utes late on Wednesday because
members did not arrive on time.
Many left in the middle. One gave
an impassioned speech about the
all-consuming task of represent-
ing New Yorkers, while bemoan-
ing the proposed raises as inade-
quate.
Two days before they are ex-
pected to vote to increase their
salaries by nearly a third, council
members held the first, and only,
public hearing on the package of
bills that would raise their pay
while enacting significant re-
forms, including banning most
outside income; ending the extra
payments known as lulus for serv-
ing on committees; and increas-
ing financial disclosure require-
ments.
Government watchdog groups
have long pushed for such
changes, and Frederick A. O.
Schwarz Jr., who led the Quadren-
nial Advisory Commission on pay
for city officials last year, has em-
braced them. The bills that would
raise council members’ pay would
also, for the first time since 2006,
do the same for several other city
officials, including Mayor Bill de
Blasio, a Democrat whose pay
would rise to $258,750 from
$225,000. He has said he would
forego the raise during his current
term.
During the testimony on
Wednesday, which touched on the
potential pitfalls of elected offi-
cials’ doing outside legal work and
the criminal convictions of state
lawmakers, the proposed reforms
were mostly overshadowed by the
size of the raise the Council has
proposed for itself: to $148,500
from a current base pay of
$112,000, $10,185 more than the ad-
visory panel recommended.
Mr. Schwarz, a former city cor-
poration counsel who helped re-
vise the City Charter in the 1980s,
testified for two hours in an avun-
cular tone, pointing to gaps in the
reasoning of some council mem-
Legislation that would
lift lawmakers’ wages
by nearly a third.
bers, but stopping short of openly
criticizing their pay proposal.
“Overall we applaud your ac-
cepting our central concept that
raises for elected officials should
among other things reflect the
economic conditions of their
constituents,” he said, adding,
“When we prepared this testi-
mony, the Council had not yet
made its case for its proposed ad-
ditional raise.”
Melissa Mark-Viverito, a Demo-
crat who is the Council speaker,
said the extra money was meant
to offset whatever outside income
members would lose under the
proposed reforms, though only a
few members earn a significant
amount of such income. (The pro-
posal still allows income that does
not require substantial outside power and influence. “There’s al- position from a variety of groups fast,” he said after testifying.
work such as rental income, book ways an implicit ceiling,” he said, as well as back-room vote-wran- Susan Lerner, executive direc-
royalties or investments.) adding that nearly half of New gling by the de Blasio administra- tor of Common Cause, expressed
Councilman Brad Lander, a Yorkers are paid at or near the tion. mixed feelings about the salary
Brooklyn Democrat, said Council poverty line. Dick Dadey of Citizens Union, a legislation.
staff members had arrived at the The Council has come under government watchdog group, “The process has been far from
$10,185 figure by considering what criticism for scheduling the vote called for the vote on the pay pro- ideal,” she said. “But I think that at
management workers earned and for Friday, when it will also con- posal to be delayed so that ques- the end of the day, the total pack-
settled on an hourly rate of about sider contentious legislation re- tions about it could be answered age is an important one, and one
$34 — “similar to the median rate stricting the horse-carriage in- and the public could have more in- that we need to see move for-
for a food-service manager” — for dustry, the subject of growing op- put. “This is being rushed way too ward.”
about 300 hours a year.
The proposal, to be retroactive
to Jan. 1, would let council mem-
bers keep earning outside income
from any source through the end
of their current terms, while col-
lecting the added $10,185. (The bill
would also change when future
quadrennial commissions con-
COME HOME TO GLENWOOD
vene so that it happens closer to
the end of a Council term.)
MANHATTAN’S FINEST LUXURY RENTALS
For some on the Council, the
raises are not large enough. “We
work more than 60 hours a week,”
said Councilman Ydanis Rodri-
guez, a Manhattan Democrat, de-
scribing recent nights balancing
child care with public events, and
taking time when dining out to
talk to constituents. He called the
proposed raise a “big compro-
mise,” and said $175,000 would
have been more appropriate.
Some council members sug-
gested they worked more than
their counterparts in other areas
of government, an argument that
Mr. Schwarz dismissed.
“It is not the case that other of-
fices don’t work very hard; they
do,” Mr. Schwarz said at one point.
He also said elected officials, in-
cluding the mayor, had never been
paid commensurate with their

Patz Family Wants ’04 Ruling Overturned

By JAMES C. McKINLEY Jr.
The parents of Etan Patz say
they are convinced a former bo-
dega worker accused of stran-
gling their 6-year-old boy in 1979 is
guilty, and they have asked a civil
court to overturn a 2004 ruling
that another man, Jose Ramos, a
convicted pedophile, was respon-
sible.
Etan’s father, Stan Patz, filed an
affidavit on Wednesday morning
in State Supreme Court in Man-
hattan, saying he and his wife, Ju-
lie, had no doubt that the accused
man, Pedro Hernandez, was the
true killer.
Mr. Hernandez, 55, of Maple
Shade, N.J., was tried on murder
charges last year, but a Manhattan
jury could not reach a verdict after
filed a letter with the court asking
for a hearing on whether the Man-
hattan district attorney’s office
had asked Mr. Patz to take action
to cancel the 2004 ruling.
Mr. Patz, who stood in front of
cameras and declared Mr. Her-
nandez was guilty last year,
strongly denied he had
coordinated his legal action this
week with prosecutors. “In no
way did the D.A.’s office suggest,
encourage or influence my deci-
sion to get that 2004 default judg-
ment vacated,” he said.
Patrick Muncie, a spokesman
for the Manhattan district attor-
ney’s office, declined to comment
on Mr. Fishbein’s allegation.
In his affidavit, Mr. Patz said he
was not aware of the evidence
Ramos did come in.
Etan disappeared in May 1979
on the way from his family’s loft on
Prince Street to a school bus stop
two blocks away. His body was
never found. Mr. Hernandez, then
18, worked nearby at a bodega.
Thirty years later, he was ar-
rested on a tip from a family mem-
ber. After a long interrogation, he
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18 days. A second trial is expected
to get underway in just a month.
At the first trial, the defense ar-
gued that the evidence pointed to
Mr. Ramos, not Mr. Hernandez.
Within hours of the filing on
Wednesday, Mr. Hernandez’s
lawyers accused the Patz family of
against Mr. Hernandez in 2001
when he asked a court to hold Mr.
Ramos responsible for Etan’s
death. At the time, Mr. Ramos was
the prime suspect for the police
and had made incriminating
statements to a federal prosecu-
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colluding with the prosecution to
make it easier to get a conviction
this time around.
News stories about the Patz
family’s desire to lift the civil judg-
ment against Mr. Ramos might in-
fluence potential jurors, the lead
defense lawyer, Harvey Fishbein
said. “Why now?” he said. “It’s
poisoning the jury four weeks be-
fore the trial.”
In the afternoon, Mr. Fishbein
But Mr. Ramos, who was serv-
ing time for raping young boys in
Pennsylvania, refused to finish
giving a deposition. In 2004, Jus-
tice Barbara R. Kapnick declared
him liable by default. She later
handed the family a symbolic $2.7
million award.
That ruling was never men-
tioned at Mr. Hernandez’s trial,
but much of the evidence the Patz
family had gathered against Mr.
imprisoned in Pennsylvania, was
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In that interview, he admitted
he had molested a boy he met in
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claimed he let him go afterward. GLENWOOD
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that the boy had been Etan.
A20 N THE NEW YORK TIMES NEW YORK THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 4, 2016
BUILDING BLOCKS
For Gay Congregation,
A New, Inclusive Home
By DAVID W. DUNLAP
The members of Congregation
Beit Simchat Torah have not
spent 40 years in the real estate
wilderness of New York City.
That would have been easy.
Instead, it has taken the con-
gregation 43 years to be able to
build a synagogue designed for
its needs, in a property that it
owns. Money has not been the
only obstacle. In the 1980s and
1990s, Beit Simchat Torah was
struggling for its very existence,
as one member after another
succumbed to AIDS.
Now, construction workers are
completing the congregation’s
Sharon Kleinbaum is the con-
gregation’s senior rabbi.
first permanent home, 130 West
30th Street, in what was once the
fur district of Midtown Manhat-
tan.
Far from hiding its identity as
a synagogue for lesbian, gay,
bisexual and transgender Jews,
Beit Simchat Torah will greet its
new neighbors with a facade
almost entirely of glass.
The congregation has trans-
formed two storefront spaces in
an 18-story, 88-year-old landmark
loft building, designed with strik-
ing Assyrian motifs by the archi-
tect Cass Gilbert, which is now a
condominium apartment tower
called the Cass Gilbert. The
spaces came with enormous
plate-glass windows, which Beit
Simchat Torah kept as part of the
redesign, by Architecture Re-
search Office.
“We gay Jews, who were re-
jected by traditional Judaism,
open our doors to everyone,” said
William J. Hibsher, a lawyer who
has headed the congregation’s
A rendering of the proposed streetcar line, the Brooklyn Queens Connector. Right, a map of the
route, from the city. Officials say the line would cost much less than a new underground subway.
Mayor Wants $2.5 Billion Streetcar Line
Along East River in Brooklyn and Queens
From Page A1
pected to cost about $2.5 billion,
significantly less than a new un-
derground subway line, city offi-
cials said on Wednesday.
Its operation, however, remains
far-off. Under the plan, construc-
tion would start in 2019, after stud-
ies and community review; serv-
ice would begin several years af-
ter that, perhaps not until 2024, of-
ficials said.
Alicia Glen, the deputy mayor
for housing and economic devel-
opment, acknowledged “some sig-
nificant engineering challenges
when you are putting a modern
system like this in a very old city.”
But Ms. Glen said the city’s ex-
isting transit network no longer
met the needs of a metropolis
whose commuting patterns have
shifted significantly in the last two
decades. A streetcar route, she
said in an interview, offered a nov-
el and practical fix at a time when
federal money for infrastructure
is scarce.
“The old transportation system
was a hub-and-spoke approach,
where people went into Manhat-
tan for work and came back out,”
Ms. Glen said. “This is about map-
ping transit to the future of New
$23 million capital development
project for more than 15 years.
The congregation is not un-
mindful of the security challenge
imposed on any Jewish institu-
tion these days. But it will have
several important things work-
ing to its advantage.
The windows are “embassy
grade,” said Aari Ludvigsen, the
vice president of the congrega-
tion’s board and the project man-
ager for the new synagogue.
That means the glass is lam-
inated with a polymer film de-
signed to hold it in place in case
of a blast.
And the building is next door
to the Police Department’s Traf-
fic Operations District, a
fortresslike former precinct
house, meaning that police offi-
cers are on the block day and
night. “In place of bollards, we
have police cars,” Ms. Ludvigsen
said.
It is not with a shudder, then,
but with a joyful noise — fur-
nished by a klezmer band — that
the congregation’s members plan
to walk to their new home on
April 3 from the current syna-
gogue, deep within the Westbeth
complex at 57 Bethune Street,
out of sight from the street. The
new synagogue will be dedicated
on that day, after the congrega-
tion’s five Torah scrolls arrive
and are installed in the ark.
The ark is framed by the most
unusual architectural feature in
the 299-seat sanctuary: a 46-
by-17-foot wall, inclined 10 de-
grees away from the congrega-
tion and topped by a skylight, as
if a transom had been cracked
open.
The panels that form the wall
were cast in glass-fiber-
reinforced concrete with vertical
divisions, or mullions, in a seem-
ingly random pattern. The effect
is almost like a silvery, frozen
version of the waterfalls in the
pools of the National September
11 Memorial. It also calls to mind
the Civic Center Synagogue in
Lower Manhattan and the M.I.T.
Chapel in Cambridge, Mass.
Though it may not photograph
dramatically, the wall has a mys-
tical quality when seen in person.
“You can’t tell what’s shadow
and what’s object,” Stephen
Cassell, a principal of Architec-
ture Research Office, said. Its
irregular pattern is designed to
disperse sound through the
room. Music is an important part
of congregation life, he ex-
plained.
At the back of the sanctuary
York.”
Streetcars are a staple of Euro-
pean capitals, and have arrived in
cities like Atlanta; Portland, Ore.;
and Toronto. But they have failed,
until now, to catch on in New York,
where the Bloomberg administra-
tion rejected a proposed line in
Red Hook, Brooklyn, as being too
expensive.
A project that would
link neighborhoods
poorly served by
the subway system.
The de Blasio streetcars would
travel about 12 miles per hour,
with a trip between Greenpoint
and Dumbo in Brooklyn lasting
around 27 minutes, less than cur-
rent routes on buses and subways.
Barriers could physically sepa-
rate the streetcars from automo-
biles along some portion of the
route, although officials said those
details would be determined later.
The cars would directly link
Brooklyn and Queens, two bor-
The facade of the new synagogue on West 30th Street in Manhattan that Congregation Beit Simchat Torah will move into in April.
A wall in the synagogue’s main sanctuary is tilted away from the congregation and topped by a
skylight. The gap to the left will house the ark that holds the congregation’s five Torah scrolls.
will be a memorial wall of floor-
to-ceiling gray glass, sandwich-
ing an array of 606 LEDs. Each
can be programmed to shine on
the anniversary of the death of
FRIENDS OF THE BROOKLYN QUEENS CONNECTOR
oughs that can be difficult to trav-
el between without a detour into
Manhattan. And though an exact
route has not been made final, the
system would most likely serve
growing commercial centers like
the Brooklyn Navy Yard and Long
Island City, Queens. About 45,000
public-housing residents live a
short walk from the route, the ad-
ministration said, a priority for
Mr. de Blasio, who has focused on
combating inequities.
Administration officials believe
the system’s cost can be offset by
tax revenue siphoned from an ex-
pected rise in property values
along the route.
Because the cars would operate
on city streets, the project is not
expected to be subject to state ap-
proval — meaning it would not re-
quire the blessing of Gov. Andrew
M. Cuomo, who last year was
quick to quash a major State of the
City proposal by Mr. de Blasio to
build lower-cost housing over
train yards in Sunnyside, Queens.
(Mr. Cuomo said the yards, which
are partly controlled by the state,
were not available.)
The neighborhood review
process for the streetcar route
could be onerous, given the vast
distance it would travel. But Mr.
the person whose name is etched
in front of the light. Memorial
lights commemorating those who
died in the Holocaust and the
AIDS epidemic will always shine.
de Blasio can expect support from
major developers, including Jed
Walentas of Two Trees Manage-
ment, whose residential conver-
sion of the Domino Sugar refinery
on the Williamsburg waterfront in
Brooklyn is set to open soon. Mr.
Walentas, who has both clashed
and collaborated with the mayor,
has championed the streetcar
plan, helping to pay for a study on
its feasibility and cost.
Mr. de Blasio, a self-proclaimed
political ideologue, has acted
more attentive of late to his mixed
reputation as a manager, which
could be a vulnerability as he
looks ahead to a re-election cam-
paign in 2017. His State of the City
address is expected to include a
plan for quicker trash pickup and
a smartphone payment system
for the city’s parking meters.
Transit has never been a pas-
PHOTOGRAPHS BY CHANG W. LEE/THE NEW YORK TIMES
Between 95 and 140 members
died from AIDS, Ms. Ludvigsen
said. The exact number may
never be known, because the
cause of death was frequently
NEW YORK CITY MAYOR’S OFFICE
sion for Mr. de Blasio, and while
the mayor earned praise from
transportation advocates for his
Vision Zero safety plan, he was
criticized after casually suggest-
ing that the city tear out the open-
air pedestrian plazas in Times
Square.
On Wednesday, his embrace of
the streetcar idea yielded positive
reviews, even as some transit ex-
perts complained about wanting
more details.
“The more mass transit we
have, the better off we are as a city
that is growing,” said Richard
Ravitch, a former chairman of the
Metropolitan Transportation Au-
thority.
In his book, Mr. Ravitch said,
the plan was “brilliant.” He added,
“Not everybody’s going to ride
bikes.”
unspoken by survivors, espe-
cially during the epidemic’s early
days in the 1980s.
“We are still seeing new infec-
tions,” Rabbi Sharon Kleinbaum,
the senior rabbi of the congrega-
tion, said on Tuesday. “We lost a
very significant cohort of those
men who would have been mem-
bers. I feel their loss every day.”
Beit Simchat Torah is no differ-
ent than traditional synagogues
in providing classrooms for its
members’ children. But it does
differ in having been built with a
large, gender-neutral restroom.
There are common sinks but
seven private toilet stalls, each
with a solid wooden door and its
own mirror (for those who would
rather do their primping out of
public view).
Constructing a single restroom
required a variance from the
Buildings Department, which
would otherwise have called for
the installation of two restrooms;
one for women, one for men.
In the congregation’s applica-
tion, Rabbi Kleinbaum told city
officials, “This is a deeply Jewish
act, to build ‘shalom bayit,’ a
peaceful, safe and inclusive home
for all who come through our
doors, and reflect the value of
‘b’tzelem elohim,’ that we, as
Jews of all genders, are made in
the image of G-d.”
The variance was granted.
Inmate Sentenced
In Prison Breakout
PLATTSBURGH, N.Y. (AP) —
A convicted killer who was al-
ready serving life behind bars was
ordered on Wednesday to pay
restitution and sentenced to addi-
tional prison time for his escape in
June from a maximum-security
unit in far northern New York
State.
The killer, David Sweat, was
shot and captured near the Cana-
dian border after a three-week
manhunt.
Judge Patrick McGill of Clinton
County Court ordered Mr. Sweat,
35, to pay $79,841 in restitution and
serve three and a half to seven
years in prison for the escape, and
a similar consecutive sentence for
prison contraband.
He was already serving life in
prison without parole for murder-
ing a Broome County sheriff’s
deputy in 2002, after the burglary
of a gun shop in Pennsylvania.
Mr. Sweat and another inmate,
Richard W. Matt, cut their way out
of Clinton Correctional Facility
with saws that a prison worker,
Joyce E. Mitchell, smuggled to
them.
2nd Arrest Made
In Couple’s Killing
A second suspect was arrested
on Wednesday in a killing last
month in Brooklyn in which a 15-
year-old girl is accused of attack-
ing her mother and her mother’s
boyfriend, the police said.
The suspect, Jerry Maisonett,
28, was charged with second-de-
gree murder and criminal pos-
session of a weapon in connection
with the deaths of Rosie Sanchez,
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38, and Anderson Nunez, 40, the
CO PY R I G H T A N D P R OT E C T E D BY A P P L I C A B L E L AW
police said.
The couple were found on Jan. 3
inside Ms. Sanchez’s apartment
on Batchelder Street in a public
housing complex in the Sheeps-
head Bay neighborhood; Ms.
Sanchez’s body was found in an
P r e s s R e a d e r. c o m
easy chair with multiple gunshot
wounds, and Mr. Nunez was on
the floor, having been shot, as well
as stabbed 30 times, the authori-
ties said.
The next day, the police ar-
rested Destiny Garcia, Ms.
Sanchez’s daughter. The authori-
ties said at the time that she had
recorded a confession to the crime
on video, but investigators be-
lieved she had not acted alone.

18 Gang Members Accused of Terrorizing Brooklyn Durst Enters Guilty Plea
By ASHLEY SOUTHALL
Eighteen members of a street
gang responsible for a “wave of
terror” in Brooklyn have been
charged with violent crimes in a
76-count indictment, law enforce-
ment officials said on Wednesday.
The suspects, all men ages 18 to
27, are members of a subset of the
Folk Nation gang called No Love
City, based in Flatbush, Brooklyn,
the Brooklyn district attorney,
Ken Thompson, said at a news
conference with Police Commis-
sioner William J. Bratton and
other officials.
The suspects face charges in-
cluding murder, attempted mur-
der and weapons possession for
about a dozen crimes over the last
18 months, including the killing of
a 25-year-old rival and a shooting
that left a 60-year-old woman
partly paralyzed as she walked
home with groceries, Mr. Thomp-
son said.
The No Love City gang mem-
bers used violence to maintain
their dominance over an area
roughly bordered by Flatbush,
Newkirk and Ditmas Avenues in
Brooklyn, the indictment said.
Led by Kywme Waddell, 24, the
gang members carried out “hunt-
ing expeditions” looking for rivals
to kill and used social media to
plot their exploits and then brag
about them, Mr. Thompson said.
The gang caused “a wave of ter-
ror and enormous bloodshed on
the streets of Brooklyn,” Mr.
Thompson said, including murder
in Flatbush and shootings in
Dumbo, and members committed
crimes in broad daylight in front of
children as young as 3.
“What this indictment means to
us is that our streets don’t belong
to violent street gangs or armed
thugs,” he said. “They belong to
the people of Brooklyn.”
Mr. Waddell and 14 others were
Charges for men
who prosecutors say
targeted rivals with
‘hunting expeditions.’
arraigned this week and last week
in State Supreme Court in Brook-
lyn and ordered held without bail
until a hearing on March 22. They
were in custody at Rikers Island,
and each faces up to 25 years in
prison if convicted.
One suspect, Javanni Moise, 21,
was in New Jersey awaiting extra-
dition, and the police were still
seeking Jarmel Blake, 24, and Je-
rome Myrie, whose age officials
did not know. Nine guns were re-
covered over the course of the in-
vestigation, Mr. Thompson said.
The indictment was a result of
an investigation by a task force
that is now the Gun Violence Sup-
pression Division in the Detective
Bureau of the Police Department.
The task force was also responsi-
ble for a 69-count indictment on
murder and weapons charges that
led to the arrest of the rapper
Bobby Shmurda and 12 others be-
Wrestlers Meet Their Match in a New Coed Division
From Page A18
New York City Department of Ed-
ucation’s Office of School Support
Services, which oversees athlet-
ics.
The rising interest in wrestling
among girls spurred Mr. Bigley to
push for incorporating them into
this year’s winter season in some
schools by establishing a coed
wrestling division.
“We’ve been ignoring half the
students by not opening the win-
ter wrestling season up to girls,”
he said. “This is a way of growing
the sport of wrestling in a gender-
neutral manner, without an in-
crease in budget.”
Mr. Bigley called the new divi-
sion “a model to grow wrestling in
the rest of the country” and added
that the coed lineup helped solve
the problem many boys’ teams
had in filling weight classes.
With boys and girls sharing a
team, Mr. Bigley said, “There’s a
new level of respect they’re show-
ing for each other.”
“Now it’s not boys cheering for
boys, or girls cheering for girls,”
he added. “They’re all cheering
for their team.”
Jacque Davis, director of
women’s wrestling at Beat the
Streets, a nonprofit that promotes
wrestling and that worked with
the Public Schools Athletic
Leauge to start the coed wrestling
division, said she hoped increased
access to the sport would help ex-
pand opportunities for girls. The
integrated division, she said,
could put more girls on the radar
of the growing number of colleges
that have girls’ wrestling pro-
grams. The popularity of women’s
The Brooklyn district attorney, Ken Thompson, center, and Police Commissioner William J. Brat-
ton, left, at a news conference regarding the investigation of 18 gang members on Wednesday.
lieved to have been involved with
the GS9 gang, a subset of the
Crips.
The indictment of the No Love
City members charges one sus-
pect with murder, eight with at-
tempted murder and 12 with
weapons possession, said James
M. Essig, the deputy chief of the
bureau and commander of the
new division.
The investigation covers a peri-
od from September 2013 until last
month and accuses the suspects of
other crimes, including selling
contraband in prison, committing
robberies and ordering beatings
and shootings of rivals from pris-
on.
“With the arrest of these violent
individuals, we feel that it will
have a significant impact on the
violence that has plagued these
neighborhoods in the recent past,”
Chief Essig said at the news con-
ference.
Most of the violence covered by
the charges was directed at rival
gang members in Canarsie, but
spilled over to Carroll Gardens,
Dumbo and Park Slope.
Officials said that the investiga-
tion was continuing and that more
arrests were possible. Chief Essig
said the gang was believed to be
responsible for as many as 30
shootings, and an official involved
with the probe said the gang had
around 45 members. The official
requested anonymity because he
was not authorized to speak pub-
licly about the investigation.
One of the so-called hunting ex-
peditions, the indictment said, oc-
curred on Oct. 18, just days after a
No Love City member was killed
in Hollywood by a rival gang. No
Love City learned that several
members of that gang were at the
taping of a music video that the
rapper Meek Mill was recording
for the movie “Creed” at a gym in
Dumbo. They went there with
weapons and waited for their ri-
vals to emerge.
“When they came outside, an
all-out gun battle erupted right on
Benny Chan, 17, and Rachel Koltsov, 17, captains of the Bronx Science team, warming up before
their match against Seward Park. They have led Bronx Science to an undefeated record this year.
wrestling has grown, in part, as a
result of the sport’s being added to
the Olympic Games in 2004.
On Tuesday night, the Bronx
Science Wolverines steamrolled
the less experienced Seward Park
Bears, whose wrestling program,
which has a squad of 13 boys and 11
girls, is in its first year of official
competition.
Still, two Seward girls, Tiffany
Vargas, 17, and Princess Diaz, 17,
won their bouts, which they partly
attributed to the tough practices
THE NEW YORK TIMES NEW YORK THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 4, 2016
PHOTOGRAPHS BY ROBERT STOLARIK FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
Mr. Thompson pointing to images of some of the suspects, who
he said were part of the No Love City gang in Flatbush.
the streets of Dumbo, where these
gangs were shooting at each other
more than 10 times,” Mr. Thomp-
son said. “Some of the gang mem-
bers were hit. They rushed
through the streets of Brooklyn,
fleeing through Park Slope, flee-
ing through Carroll Gardens, driv-
ing up Bergen Street the wrong
way, ditching their bullet-riddled
car in Park Slope near Prospect
Heights, ditching their guns out
the window.”
Mr. Moise, the suspect awaiting
extradition in New Jersey, was
wounded and went to a Brooklyn
hospital, where he claimed to have
been shot somewhere else, Mr.
Thompson said. But the police
were able to connect him to the
abandoned car using the blood
and DNA found inside.
Mr. Moise, Mr. Blake and Jean
Fremont, 24, have been charged in
that shooting. Mr. Moise was par-
tially paralyzed in a previous
shooting, Mr. Thompson said.
The terror inflicted by the gang
extended beyond the rap video,
Mr. Thompson said as he pivoted
toward surveillance video of a
shooting in July 2015, in which a
50-year-old man was shot in the
and workouts run by their coach,
Sean Coffin. His routines include
6:30 a.m. practices and runs over
the Williamsburg Bridge and
through school hallways and
stairwells.
The girls did have to contend
with what they said were minor
annoyances, including having to
take off jewelry and trim their fin-
gernails, said Princess, who had
to remove a dozen metal studs
from her ears before competing.
Mr. Coffin said he recruited
heart as he sat in his courtyard on
Coney Island Avenue.
The video opens on the court-
yard, where children are running
around and adults are lounging on
steps and benches. A man identi-
fied by Mr. Thompson as Corey
Roberts, also known as Fresh, en-
ters the courtyard and argues
with another man. Mr. Roberts
heads into a tunnel, where he pulls
out a firearm as a girl rides by on a
scooter. He re-enters the court-
yard and shoots at his rival, the
50-year-old man and his son, and a
woman who was running away.
The indictment said that before
firing, Mr. Roberts said, “I’m
Fresh; Corey’s my name, from
Ditmas, Newkirk.”
“That is probably one of the
most vivid as I have ever seen to
indicate what we — law enforce-
ment, criminal justice, and the
public — are up against,” Commis-
sioner Bratton said at the news
conference. “No concern at all for
human life. So why should we be
concerned with them in the sense
of putting them away for 25 years,
so we can get them off the street so
they can’t commit that type of
mindless violence?”
HIROKO MASUIKE/THE NEW YORK TIMES
wrestlers for his team by posting
fliers in the school.
“The fliers said boys and girls
were both welcome, so they never
knew if it was a boys’ or girls’
team,” he said. “I thought about
running separate practices for
them, but I saw I could push the
boys and girls exactly the same,
so I combined them.”
As Daniel Freidmutter, 17, a sen-
ior wrestler at Seward Park, put it,
“It’s not about gender; it’s about
the love of the sport.”
To Louisiana Gun Charge
From Page A18
happened to Ms. Durst.
Over the years, Mr. Durst, who
is worth more than $100 million,
has benefited from some of the
best defense lawyers money could
buy. He was never charged in the
disappearance of his first wife.
In 2003, a jury in Galveston,
Tex., acquitted him of murder
charges, despite his testimony ex-
plaining how he cut up the body of
a neighbor, Morris Black, and
threw the parts into Galveston
Bay. The head is still missing.
In an interview before his ar-
rest, Mr. Durst said that he had no
idea where the head is. “I just
threw the garbage bags off the
pier,” he said. “I could barely lift
them. I expected them to sink.”
Mr. Durst claimed that Mr.
Black’s death was an accident that
occurred while the two men grap-
pled over a gun. Investigators in
California, New York and Texas do
not believe it was self-defense. Mr.
Durst later pleaded guilty to
charges of jumping bond and evi-
dence tampering in connection
with the case.
Mr. Durst and his defense team,
led by Mr. DeGuerin, appear to
have miscalculated in New Or-
leans. The defense had argued
that the search of Mr. Durst’s hotel
room by two F.B.I. agents was ille-
gal and that the evidence they
turned up, in particular the re-
volver, should be thrown out.
Federal prosecutors and inves-
tigators from Los Angeles dis-
puted that account and countered
that a second, independent
search, conducted hours later by
Los Angeles detectives, was un-
questionably legal.
Mr. Durst’s lawyers were so
confident the federal judge in the
case, Helen G. Berrigan, would
throw out the evidence that they
never formalized a proposed plea
agreement that would have meant
a sentence of up to 27 months, ac-
cording to lawyers briefed on the
negotiations who were not autho-
rized to discuss them.
Instead, Judge Berrigan sided
with the prosecution in October,
leaving the defense with little
leverage in subsequent plea nego-
tiations.
“It’s more than I wanted,” Mr.
DeGuerin acknowledged of the
85-month sentence. “It’s kind of
the price of poker.”
Under the plea agreement, Mr.
DeGuerin said, prosecutors in
New York also agreed not to pros-
ecute a money laundering case
they had been investigating
against Mr. Durst. And the au-
thorities in Houston agreed not to
prosecute him over the circum-
stances of how he acquired the re-
volver.
Mr. Durst’s lawyers say they
have been eager to resolve mat-
ters in New Orleans so they can
get to Los Angeles to answer what
they say are spurious murder
charges.
“They’ve got a TV show and 15-
year-old evidence that wasn’t
good enough back then,” Mr.
DeGuerin said in an interview last
year, “and certainly isn’t good
enough now.”
The show was “The Jinx: The
Life and Deaths of Robert Durst,”
which was broadcast on HBO in
February and March of 2015. Mr.
Durst cooperated in the making of
the film, giving the producers
more than 20 hours of interviews
and turning over reams of court
records, phone bills and credit
card statements.
Mr. Durst said he decided to co-
operate with the documentary de-
spite recommendations by his
lawyers to stay away.
Allen M. Johnson contributed re-
porting.
Police to Pay $15 Million
Over Beating of an Officer
By LIAM STACK
A New York police officer who
sued the city after 12 other officers
beat him in his home and detained
him in 2010 was awarded over $15
million in damages on Wednes-
day, his lawyer said.
A spokesman for the city’s Law
Department, Nick Paolucci, said
the verdict was still in process and
a series of post-trial motions and
questions could alter the outcome
of the case.
Larry Jackson, the plaintiff, was
off duty in August 2010 when his
wife called 911 to report that an
armed man had crashed a party at
their home in Queens and was en-
gaged in an argument with a
group of guests.
Mr. Jackson, who is black,
defused the situation and got the
gunman to leave before the police
arrived, but the scene was never-
theless chaotic when they did, ac-
cording to court documents.
A second argument erupted
among the partygoers soon after
the police arrived, and a melee en-
sued. A brief video submitted to
the court showed “tremendous
commotion” inside the plaintiff’s
home “with people on the floor
and the police struggling to both
restrain and repel people,” accord-
ing to a March 2014 memorandum
0N A21
“I am convinced that there’s no
reason I shouldn’t say anything I
want to anyone I want,” he said in
an interview a year ago. “It’s so
long ago. Some D.A. would have to
commence a major budget-bust-
ing investigation. I don’t see that
happening.”
But John Lewin, a deputy dis-
trict attorney in Los Angeles
County who has a reputation as a
skilled prosecutor of cold cases,
found the information uncovered
by the filmmakers compelling.
At one point, the filmmakers
confronted Mr. Durst with strong
similarities between the hand-
writing on a letter he sent to Ms.
Berman and on a note the police
received after her killing, alerting
them to the existence of a “ca-
daver.”
The documentary concluded
with Mr. Durst’s own words, ut-
tered while he seemed unaware
that his microphone was still re-
cording: “What the hell did I do?
Killed them all, of course.”
Mr. Lewin has repeatedly flown
to New York to interview wit-
nesses, including friends of Ms.
Berman and Mr. Durst.
He also interviewed Mr. Durst
for 90 minutes in New Orleans, al-
though the defense will almost
certainly challenge the admissi-
bility of that encounter given that
his lawyers were not present.
Lawyers are expecting battles
over handwriting experts and Mr.
Durst’s utterances during “The
A convicted felon who
was at a hotel under
an alias and illegally
possessing a revolver.
Jinx.” Mr. Lewin must also con-
tend with memories that in some
cases are 34 years old.
Ms. Berman and Mr. Durst be-
came fast friends after they met in
Los Angeles in the late 1960s.
“She was really smart and re-
ally interesting,” said Julie Smith,
a mystery writer who was close to
Ms. Berman. “You never knew
what she would say or do. And she
had a fascinating background.”
The daughter of a Jewish gang-
ster, Ms. Berman was a promising
magazine writer living in New
York in 1982 when Kathleen Durst
disappeared. Her body was never
found. During that investigation,
Ms. Berman served as Mr. Durst’s
shield against reporters.
“He was like a brother to her,”
said Kim Lankford, a friend of Ms.
Berman. “She always spoke of
Bobby adoringly.”
But investigators also believe
that Ms. Berman knew Mr.
Durst’s secrets, which put her in
jeopardy in October 2000, when
he learned that the authorities
had reopened the investigation
into Ms. Durst’s disappearance.
In “The Jinx,” Mr. Durst said
Ms. Berman had called him
shortly before her death to say the
authorities wanted to interview
her.
Two months later, she was
found dead in her Los Angeles
home, shot in the back of the head.
Although the police investiga-
tion looked at other suspects, it
eventually focused on Mr. Durst,
who was in California at the time
of Ms. Berman’s death.
Ms. Berman, who was in dire fi-
nancial shape, was fiercely loyal
to her friends, Ms. Smith said. Mr.
Durst lent her $50,000.
“She described Bobby as the
greatest guy in the world and how
sweet he was,” Ms. Smith said.
“She was not going to rat him out.”
prepared by the federal judge,
Pamela K. Chen.
Mr. Jackson ended up in hand-
cuffs along with three other party
guests and was detained at the
113th Precinct station house in Ja-
maica, Queens, although his de-
tention was not formally pro-
cessed as an arrest. While he was
in in police custody, he received
medical care for a broken hand at
a Queens hospital.
Mr. Jackson filed a lawsuit
against the city in June 2011 accus-
ing the officers of an array of vio-
lations, including racial discrimi-
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nation, assault and battery, false
arrest and unlawful detention.
Lawyers for the city have denied
the allegations.
“They would treat a dog better
than they treated Jackson,” said
Eric Sanders, a lawyer for Mr.
Jackson and himself a former po-
P r e s s R e a d e r. c o m
lice officer. “I’ve never seen any-
thing like this and I’ve been
around law enforcement a long
time. Its disgraceful what they
did.”
The $15.175 million verdict on
Wednesday includes $12.5 million
for compensatory damages and
$2.6 million for punitive damages.
Mr. Jackson remains employed as
a city police officer on full duty, Mr.
Sanders said.
A22 N THE NEW YORK TIMES EDITORIALS/LETTERS THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 4, 2016
ARTHUR OCHS SULZBERGER JR., Publisher, Chairman
ADOLPH S. OCHS ARTHUR HAYS SULZBERGER
Founded in 1851
Publisher 1896-1935 Publisher 1935-1961
When State Control Damages a City
On Wednesday, officials from Michigan and the fed-
eral Environmental Protection Agency were called before
a House committee to explain how they let the drinking
water in Flint become poisoned by lead. Also testifying be-
fore the committee was a mother of four whose tap water
has been so contaminated since early 2015 that her family
has had to use bottled water for drinking and cooking and
has often showered at friends’ homes outside the city.
The crisis in Flint is the result of many failures, start-
ing with governor-appointed emergency managers, who
made catastrophic mistakes. It poses an important ques-
tion for Congress and state legislatures: When and how
should state officials intervene at the local level?
Intervention is necessary when mayors, city councils
and other authorities like school boards face significant
problems that they cannot or will not fix. But state officials
need to have judgment and competence to turn troubled
systems around. To some people, the very idea of suspend-
ing or curbing the power of local elected officials is wrong,
but there is a long history of state governments taking
control of systems on the verge of collapse.
For example, New York State imposed a financial con-
trol board on New York City in 1975 and Congress and
President Bill Clinton did the same in Washington in 1995.
Those appointed boards exercised veto power over many
decisions made by local elected leaders, and helped those
cities restructure their debts.
But Michigan’s intervention in Flint, an impoverished
city, provides a striking counterexample. There an emer-
gency manager appointed by Gov. Rick Snyder stuck to a
disastrous money-saving decision to change the city’s wa-
ter source, even after local residents and the City Council
complained about contamination. State environmental of-
ficials, also under the governor’s control, said the water
was safe to drink even as outside experts found elevated
levels of lead. After more than a year of denying the prob-
lem, state officials recently admitted that they had been
wrong. The F.B.I. said Tuesday that it had joined the fed-
eral investigation of the Flint crisis, possibly for criminal
misconduct.
This is not the only crisis mishandled in Michigan.
The Detroit school system has had a succession of emer-
gency managers appointed by Mr. Snyder, a Republican,
and his Democratic predecessor, Jennifer Granholm. The
district’s debt has increased since its first emergency
manager was appointed in 2009, enrollment is shrinking
and the schools have grown more dilapidated. Why re-
place the school board with emergency managers who
don’t have the expertise to fix the underlying problems?
On Tuesday, the most recent emergency manager for
the schools, Darnell Earley, resigned. Mr. Earley was also
the emergency manager in Flint who oversaw the decision
to switch its water source to the Flint River while the city
waited for a new pipeline to be built to Lake Huron. Under
his watch, the city failed to treat the river water to prevent
corrosion in the pipes, which led to the leaching of lead
into the city’s water.
An Unpaid Debt to Afghan Interpreters
Last fall, Congress made a change to the rules of a re-
settlement program for Afghan interpreters who risked
their lives by working for the American government. To be
eligible for an American visa, applicants would have to
demonstrate that they had worked for the United States
for at least two years, rather than one. There was no rea-
son to think the new requirement would affect the roughly
10,300 people who already had pending applications.
But the State Department and the Department of
Homeland Security, in a baffling move, decided to apply
the new rule retroactively. Immigration lawyers fear that
it could disqualify thousands of applicants, including some
who have been waiting for a visa for years.
This is unfair, and reflects the callous disregard bu-
reaucrats involved in the program have shown toward Af-
ghan interpreters since Congress created the program in
2009. As it is, the application process is drawn out. Afghan
interpreters must submit a petition at the United States
Embassy in Kabul, providing evidence of their employ-
ment, a letter of recommendation from an American su-
pervisor and a description of the threats they have faced
as a result of their work. Those who get embassy approval
must then submit a formal visa application to the Depart-
ment of Homeland Security.
Retroactive implementation of the new rule could af-
fect roughly 3,300 people, according to the Urban Justice
Center, which represents Afghan interpreters seeking to
move to the United States. That figure reflects the number
A City Council Raise That Raises Questions
The New York City Council is looking to vote itself a
hefty pay raise. This is always a delicate issue for poli-
ticians sensitive about irritating their employer, the tax-
paying public. The vote is scheduled for Friday, conven-
iently timed to disappear into the Saturday news abyss.
A better-paid City Council is welcome, on several
levels. But there are also good reasons to be uneasy about
how the Council got here — and to ask the members to
take a bit more time to answer a few lingering questions
and to make a better case than they have for the package
they are about to give themselves.
First, the numbers. The Council’s current annual base
salary: $112,500 a year. An advisory commission’s recom-
mendation last year: $138,315. What the Council is voting
on: $148,500.
The principle behind the raises is entirely defensible.
Council members haven’t had a raise since 2006. Serving
the public is a noble job, and important work demands de-
cent pay. And the reforms tied to this pay raise are excel-
lent: They include strict limits on outside income, so being
a council member will now be a full-time job. The legisla-
tion eliminates the bonuses, known as “lulus,” given to
committee leaders — a traditional means of padding in-
come and currying favor.
ORVIL E. DRYFOOS ARTHUR OCHS SULZBERGER
Publisher 1961-1963 Publisher 1963-1992
The emergency managers in Flint and Detroit schools
went in as dictators, and it is not surprising they made
glaring mistakes, while ignoring complaints and sugges-
tions from the communities they were supposedly helping.
Unlike the financial control boards in New York and Wash-
ington, which included people who had a stake in those cit-
ies, Michigan’s emergency managers answer only to the
governor and the Legislature, which is controlled by Re-
publicans, who tend to be elected from suburban and
largely white parts of the state.
To be fair, the emergency manager for the city of De-
troit, a bankruptcy lawyer named Kevyn Orr, who was ap-
pointed in 2013 and stepped down in December 2014, was
able to guide Detroit through bankruptcy in part because
he worked with the mayor, City Council and community
leaders, rather than shunting aside their concerns.
Across the country, more than a dozen states, includ-
ing Florida, Illinois, Ohio and Pennsylvania, have laws
that allow the appointment of a manager or board to help
distressed local governments. In some places state control
has remained for decades. In New Jersey, for example, the
state’s Department of Education has been in control of
Newark schools for more than 20 years. At the federal lev-
el, the Obama administration is asking Congress to give
Puerto Rico the ability to restructure its $72 billion debt
and to create a financial control board.
The lesson from Michigan is that emergency manag-
ers succeed only if they work with the communities they
serve. The aim should be to shore up local governments,
not simply to cut costs in ways that lead to new disasters.
EDEL RODRIGUEZ
of applicants who, as of November, were awaiting approv-
al from the embassy.
Those who worked for the American military for less
than two years appear to be shut out under the new rules.
The change also affects interpreters who qualify but are
unable to produce records to verify their employment.
Former Afghan interpreters often cannot track down su-
pervisors who departed the war zone long ago. In some
cases, the government contractors that they worked for
disbanded as the American military force in Afghanistan
contracted.
During the first few years of the program, officials at
the embassy in Kabul signed off on few petitions. Appli-
cants frequently waited years as their cases were sub-
jected to lengthy security reviews. Many were rejected for
no apparent reason. The unjustified rejections and chronic
delays outraged American veterans, who felt indebted to
their Afghan colleagues who worked alongside them.
Secretary of State John Kerry acknowledged the
problems in June 2014 and vowed to streamline the
process. After he ordered a review of the program, cases
were approved more expeditiously, but even now unjusti-
fied delays and unexplained rejections remain common.
Mr. Kerry should immediately rescind the retroactive
application of the two-year employment rule and make
clearing the application backlog a priority. Afghans who
took huge risks to help Americans deserve better.
Still, the raise is huge: 32 percent. It is considerably
bigger than what the advisory commission recommended.
It is retroactive to Jan. 1, violating the gallant principle
that members of a lawmaking body should not reward
themselves, but their successors, after the next election.
Finally, the legislation was submitted and a vote sched-
uled with hardly any time for public input.
At least one good-government advocate, Dick Dadey
of Citizens Union, has been trying for days to get the Coun-
cil to delay the vote. He says that no matter what you think
of the legislation, its route to passage looks hasty and
sleazy. If the Council had good reasons to reject the com-
mission’s suggested salary, he says, it owes the public “a
full and formal explanation.” The Council doesn’t seem to
be listening.
Running New York is a huge job, and the city would
benefit from a full-time City Council. But that is a big
change in city government — why was there so little time
for the Council to explain and defend it? And while pay-
checks will get fatter right away, the other reforms will
take effect later. While members are congratulating them-
selves for adopting such a solid slate of good-government
initiatives, how could they object to delaying the vote,
holding more hearings, answering lingering questions and
making their best case for a retroactive 32 percent raise?
Is Shame an Antidote to Addiction?
TO THE EDITOR:
Re “Can Shame Be Useful?,” by Sally
L. Satel and Scott O. Lilienfeld (Sunday
Review, Jan. 24):
Drs. Satel and Lilienfeld disparage
what they describe as “a well-inten-
tioned campaign to eradicate feelings of
shame in addicted people.” They credit
“a spasm of self-reproach” with enabling
“many” addicts to quit, ignoring the fact
that addiction has for decades been rec-
ognized as a chronic, notoriously recidi-
vist, treatable but as yet incurable medi-
cal condition, and not, in the writers’
words, a “destructive habit.”
A significant proportion of addicts
want, need and can benefit greatly from
treatment. Instilling or reinforcing a
sense of shame is far more likely to hin-
der rather than advance the achieve-
ment of a positive outcome.
In managing disease, shaming the vic-
tim is no more rational or productive
than blaming the victim.
ROBERT G. NEWMAN
New York
The writer, an adjunct professor of pre-
ventive medicine at the Icahn School of
Medicine at Mount Sinai, was assistant
commissioner for addiction programs at
the New York City Department of Health,
1970-75.
TO THE EDITOR:
Sally L. Satel and Scott O. Lilienfeld
criticize American culture for promul-
gating the idea that shame is “a damag-
ing, useless emotion.” They criticize ef-
forts to “eradicate” shame (by likening
drug addiction to cancer) for those with
addictions, worrying that such people
will see their “habits as unalterable.”
Shame, as a universal social emotion,
serves an evolutionarily adaptive func-
tion. It is also extremely painful and of-
ten dealt with by hiding. Contrary to the
writers’ assertions, our culture tends to
stigmatize people with addictions — to
wit, Drs. Satel and Lilienfeld use the pe-
jorative label “addicts.” Such people
avoid treatment because of shame and
destroy themselves in the process.
The role of agency is complex in illness
whether dealing with addictions or ill-
nesses the writers categorize as “biologi-
Zika Virus in El Salvador
TO THE EDITOR:
Re “El Salvador’s Advice on Zika:
Don’t Have Babies” (front page, Jan.
26):
As of this writing, more than 20 coun-
tries in the Americas have reported the
presence of the mosquito-borne Zika vi-
rus. An association between Zika, micro-
cephaly in newborns and Guillain-Barré
syndrome was found by Brazilian re-
searchers and has been verified by the
Pan American Health Organization and
the World Health Organization.
The transmission of the Zika virus will
be similar to that of the chikungunya vi-
rus, with a high infection rate the first
year and a lower risk in the second year.
In six months or so, microcephaly will oc-
cur in children conceived by mothers in-
fected by Zika.
The United States Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention issued a warning
calling for pregnant women to postpone
travel to any area where Zika virus
transmission is continuing, along with
other recommendations. These facts led
the Salvadoran government to recom-
mend that couples plan or postpone
pregnancy for at least two years.
The Salvadoran government has put
in place measures for vector control, in-
cluding water treatment, the use of win-
dow screens, and fogging and area
sprays. Biological control mechanisms
include mosquito-eating fish in home wa-
ter tanks. These have been successful,
building on the premise that the central
effort should be to mobilize the whole so-
ciety against the Zika-carrying mos-
quito. EDUARDO ESPINOZA
Vice Minister for Health
San Salvador
Laboratories of Democracy
TO THE EDITOR:
Re “Liberals Turn to Cities to Pass
Laws Others Won’t” (The Upshot, Jan.
26): Our Constitution established the
framework for state and local jurisdic-
tions to act as laboratories of democracy
(to paraphrase Justice Louis D. Bran-
deis). When cities experiment with novel
ideas aimed at, for example, reducing to-
bacco use or sugary drink consumption,
they ensure a stronger democracy and
better health for all.
Special-interest groups that push for
laws limiting the ability to innovate with
policy at the local level not only contra-
dict the framers’ intentions but also
cause real harm to people and families.
BENJAMIN D. WINIG
Oakland, Calif.
The writer is vice president of law and
policy at ChangeLab Solutions, a non-
profit public health group.
NEWS
DEAN BAQUET, Executive Editor
TOM BODKIN, Creative Director
SUSAN CHIRA, Deputy Executive Editor
JANET ELDER, Deputy Executive Editor
MATTHEW PURDY, Deputy Executive Editor
KINSEY WILSON, Editor for Innovation and Strategy
Executive V.P., Product and Technology
REBECCA CORBETT, Assistant Editor
STEVE DUENES, Assistant Editor
IAN FISHER, Assistant Editor
JOSEPH KAHN, Assistant Editor
CLIFFORD LEVY, Assistant Editor
ALEXANDRA MAC CALLUM, Assistant Editor
MICHELE MC NALLY, Assistant Editor
cal.” For example, a patient with lung
cancer who smokes is a different patient
from a nonsmoker.
Regardless of the condition, it is criti-
cal to mobilize the healthy part of the pa-
tient to take responsibility for his or her
health. This has more to do with mobiliz-
ing self-love in the setting of shame.
Diminishing the stigma attached to ad-
dictive illness may help some people
more readily enter treatment and come
out of hiding. LARRY S. SANDBERG
New York
The writer is clinical associate professor
of psychiatry at Weill Cornell Medical
Center.
TO THE EDITOR:
Sally L. Satel and Scott O. Lilienfeld ar-
gue that we should shame people to fight
addiction. Unfortunately, while they cite
data on shame in non-addicted popula-
tions, they ignore far more relevant re-
search, which shows uniformly negative
results.
In 2007, William R. Miller and William
L. White reviewed research on “con-
frontation” in addiction treatment, a
strategy that aims to shame and humili-
ate, using verbal attacks and even ex-
treme tactics like making people wear di-
apers or dress as “bums” or prostitutes.
Their conclusion? “Four decades of re-
search have failed to yield a single clini-
cal trial showing efficacy . . . whereas a
number have documented harmful ef-
fects.”
Moreover, a 2013 study of members of
Alcoholics Anonymous found that the
more shame they displayed when dis-
cussing their past, the more likely they
were to relapse.
Similarly bad outcomes were seen in
studies of drunken drivers, shamed by
facing their victims in impact panels.
Shame and stigma are the exact oppo-
site of what fights addiction. If shame
worked, so would criminal penalties for
drug use, which haven’t exactly ended
addiction. MAIA SZALAVITZ
New York
The writer is a journalist and the author
of the forthcoming book “Unbroken
Brain: A Revolutionary New Way of Un-
derstanding Addiction.”
Give New Yorkers a Voice
TO THE EDITOR:
New York voters won’t have a chance to
vote in the presidential primaries until
April 19. By that time it’s possible that our
votes will be meaningless. Many of the
contenders who are in the race today will
have dropped out. It’s conceivable that
the race for the nominations will be over.
The New York primaries are tradition-
ally held after it’s too late for New Yorkers
to cast a meaningful ballot. As a result, we
are usually ignored by presidential candi-
dates, and practically the only time they
show up in New York before the conven-
tion is to ask for our money. Issues affect-
ing New York are ignored by the
contenders during the primaries.
I urge the State Legislature to change
the date of presidential primaries four
years from now so New York voters will
have a chance to cast their ballots when it
counts — before most of the contenders
drop out. PAUL FEINER
Greenburgh, N.Y.
The writer is Greenburgh town supervi-
sor.
Court Ruling on Juveniles
TO THE EDITOR:
Re “Court Ruling on Juveniles Gives
Killers Parole Hope” (news article, Jan.
26):
Once again, the Supreme Court has ac-
knowledged that children are not just lit-
tle adults. Their brains function in funda-
mentally different ways. As a result, they
are more likely to act on impulse, without
thinking things through or fully consider-
ing the consequences of their actions.
In Miller v. Alabama, the court ruled
that mandatory life without parole was
unconstitutional for crimes committed by
juveniles. The justices have now clarified
that their previous decision must be ap-
plied retroactively. As a result, as many as
2,000 people will receive new sentencing
hearings or be considered for parole.
As Justice Anthony M. Kennedy wrote,
these people “must be given the opportu-
nity to show their crime did not reflect ir-
reparable corruption; and, if it did not,
their hope for some years of life outside
prison walls must be restored.”
The court’s action reflects the emerg-
ing public consensus that punishment
that may be appropriate for adult
offenders should not automatically apply
in cases involving juveniles.
DAVID FASSLER
Burlington, Vt.
The writer is a clinical professor of psychi-
atry at the University of Vermont.
ONLINE: MORE LETTERS
The Natural Resources Defense
Council, on low oil prices and clean
energy. nytimes.com/opinion
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EDITORIAL
ANDREW ROSENTHAL, Editorial Page Editor
JAMES DAO, Deputy Editorial Page Editor
TERRY TANG, Deputy Editorial Page Editor
BUSINESS
P r e s s R e a d e r. c o m
MARK THOMPSON, Chief Executive Officer
MICHAEL GOLDEN, Vice Chairman
JAMES M. FOLLO, Chief Financial Officer
KENNETH A. RICHIERI, General Counsel
ROLAND A. CAPUTO, Executive V.P., Print Products
MEREDITH KOPIT LEVIEN, Chief Revenue Officer
WILLIAM T. BARDEEN, Senior Vice President
TERRY L. HAYES, Senior Vice President
R. ANTHONY BENTEN, Controller
LAURENA L. EMHOFF, Treasurer
DIANE BRAYTON, Secretary

GAIL COLLINS
And Now,
The Marco
Memo
Here we are, in the Marco Rubio Mo-
ment.
The Republican establishment is
thrilled: A moderate-sounding Gen X
senator from a swing state! And one so
good at spin he managed to give a victory
speech in Iowa after he came in third. No
wonder all the other candidates are jeal-
ous.
“This isn’t a student council election,
everybody. This is an election for presi-
dent of the United States. Let’s get the
boy in the bubble out of the bubble,”
snarked Chris Christie. He was referring
to Rubio’s tendency to be rather scripted
in his appearances — one New Hamp-
shire reporter compared him to “a com-
puter algorithm designed to cover talk-
ing points.”
Christie, pressing further — and when
does Chris Christie not? — has also been
saying that the speech Rubio sticks to is
the same one he’s been giving since 2010.
It’s true that there’s always the part
about his parents, the striving Cuban im-
migrants. And you do get the feeling
you’re supposed to vote for him because
his dad and mom believed in the Ameri-
can dream.
As a young man, Rubio himself was
not particularly hard working. In fact, in
his memoir he admits he could be “insuf-
ferably demanding.” But he did sympa-
thize with his parents’ struggles, and
when his father, a bartender, went on
strike in 1984, young Marco became “a
committed union activist.”
And then — American dream! — the
bartender’s son became a senator, who
opposes raising the minimum wage and
Same old speech,
ever-switching stances.
wants to eliminate “rules that empower
unions.” You know, you grow.
Rubio was a slow starter, education-
wise, but he eventually graduated from
law school, saddled with a load of student
debt. This is, as he always points out, a
familiar American story. The next part,
where he instantly runs for office and ac-
quires a billionaire benefactor who helps
him out by underwriting low-stress jobs
for Rubio and his wife, is slightly less av-
erage.
The $800,000 advance he got for his
memoir — the one that fails to explain his
trajectory on the union issue — is also
not exactly typical. But he’s been a terri-
ble money manager, which he explains
by saying that “I didn’t inherit any
money.”
On the issues, Rubio says he has a new
generation’s answers to the nation’s eco-
nomic problems. The answers are
mainly about reducing business taxes
and regulations, but he says it in a much
more youthful way.
He’s anti-choice, even for victims of
rape and incest. Lately, he’s taken to
pointing to instances when he supported
legislation that did include an exception.
This is true. As long as a bill makes it
harder for women to have access to abor-
tion rights, he’s there.
And then there’s the great Immigra-
tion Switcheroo. Follow the timeline:
2010 — Running for the U.S. Senate,
Rubio is against giving people who are in
the country without documentation any
path to citizenship. That’s “amnesty,”
and it’s just wrong, like failing to enforce
the speed limit.
2013 — Marco is a senator, and he’s to-
tally changed his mind about that path-
to-citizenship matter. Why do you think
that happened? Uncharitable observers
thought he wanted to cozy up to big Re-
publican donors who like the idea. But
maybe he was just . . . growing.
He becomes one of the famous biparti-
san “Gang of Eight” pushing for immi-
gration reform. Rubio is a valuable part-
ner for the Gang, and he makes them pay
with repeated concessions, including a
very strong provision for additional bor-
der security. Finally, the path-to-citizen-
ship bill passes the Senate 68 to 32. “We
are a compassionate people,” he says on
the Senate floor.
2013 — Fast forward a few weeks. The
Tea Party is enraged, the House is unen-
thusiastic and Rubio is backtracking
wildly. “Look,” he tells Fox News, “it’s not
the most important issue facing Amer-
ica. Obamacare is more important, for
example.”
2015 — Marco Rubio is a candidate for
president. He hates “amnesty.” And he
says you can’t have immigration reform
until you have additional border security.
In the competition with the other su-
per-conservative Cuban-American con-
tender, Ted Cruz, Rubio is regarded as
more likable. This is not a heavy lift. He is
also competing with Cruz for the affec-
tion of Christian conservatives, and
while Rubio has always mentioned God
in his political speeches, lately he’s been
ramping things up. One of his ads in Iowa
was about “the free gift of salvation of-
fered to us by Jesus Christ.”
Rubio himself goes to two churches.
Sometimes the family attends a Baptist-
affiliated service on Saturday night and a
Catholic Mass on Sunday.
Quick question: How would you feel
about a presidential candidate who’s
both Protestant and Catholic?
A) That’s great. Maybe it’s a sign he’s
open-minded. B) That’s O.K., unless it’s
just another way to fudge his positions.
C) I am strongly against bringing a per-
son’s religion into the political arena.
Which is why I wish Marco Rubio would
stop telling us about his. 0 Southern California.
THE NEW YORK TIMES OP-ED THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 4, 2016
Bloody Gloves and Police Brutality
By John McWhorter
I
T is easy to forget how beloved a ce-
lebrity O. J. Simpson was in his time
— Heisman Trophy winner, N.F.L.
superstar, Hollywood actor and
pitchman supreme. Until he was ar-
rested in the brutal slayings of his ex-
wife Nicole Brown Simpson and her
friend Ronald L. Goldman, after a police
chase that transfixed the nation, he
seemed to have transcended his roots in
San Francisco housing projects.
Yet if Mr. Simpson’s guilt seemed clear
to much of America, African-Americans
were disinclined to see it that way. Over
months of lurid televised court testi-
mony — now being dramatized in a se-
ries that started this week on FX — Mr.
Simpson became a symbol, to many
blacks, of endemic racism in the justice
system. And when a jury with nine black
members declared him not guilty on Oct.
3, 1995, black people across the country
cheered.
I wasn’t one of them.
I must admit I was as disappointed as
many whites that black college students
gleefully applauded the verdict as if Mr.
Simpson were one of the Scottsboro
Boys. While the police and prosecutors
had been far from brilliant, and reason-
able doubt was, well, reasonable, Mr.
Simpson’s innocence seemed decidedly
unlikely.
At the time, what I saw was people ig-
noring the facts in favor of a kind of
tribalism. A black journalism professor
asked me, as a linguist, to lecture on lan-
guage and the trial. I’d be glad to, I told
him, but Mr. Simpson was guilty. I never
heard from him again.
Meanwhile, black friends and family
members continued coming up with
ways that damning evidence could have
been planted and obsessing over the use
John McWhorter, a linguistics professor
at Columbia, is the author of “The Lan-
guage Hoax” and the forthcoming books
“Words on the Move” and “Talking Back,
Talking Black.”
The Latino Political First We’re Ignoring
By Roberto Suro
D
EFYING most polls and pre-
dictions, a Latino won the
Republican Iowa caucuses,
and another Latino came in
third. Together, they won
more than half the vote.
With Senator Ted Cruz taking nearly
28 percent of the vote and Senator Marco
Rubio getting 23 percent, each vastly
surpassed the results for any other
Latino candidate in any previous United
States presidential contest.
How is that not being celebrated as
historic or at least worth a headline for a
day or two?
The answer is not that complicated:
Neither Mr. Cruz nor Mr. Rubio meets
conventional expectations of how Latino
politicians are supposed to behave.
Neither of these candidates claims to
speak for the Hispanic population or de-
rive a crucial portion of their support
from Hispanics, and neither bases much
of his political identity on being a Latino.
To varying degrees they oppose legaliza-
tion for unauthorized immigrants, a pol-
icy that is central to most organized
Latino political interests and that is sup-
ported by a great majority of Latino
elected officials and Latino voters.
No less an arbiter than Jorge Ramos,
the Univision anchor, seemed to
condemn them without naming names in
a column last month. “There is no great-
er disloyalty than the children of immi-
grants forgetting their own roots. That is
a betrayal,” he wrote. It is criticism that
echoes the rhetoric aimed at Justice
Clarence Thomas of the Supreme Court
and other successful members of minor-
ity groups who are perceived as failing to
uphold their own group’s interests.
The day after the caucuses the head-
line in La Opinión, the nation’s largest
Spanish-language newspaper, was “Ted
Cruz, first Latino to win the Iowa cau-
cuses. Why aren’t we celebrating?” The
Roberto Suro is a professor of public pol-
icy and journalism at the University of
of a racial epithet by a police detective in
the case. I felt alienated, angry, disap-
pointed.
But I was missing something. The case
was about much more than bloody
gloves and bloody footprints. It was
about the centrality of police brutality to
black Americans’ very sense of self.
I came to realize this when, disgusted
with the verdict and the response to it, I
began to investigate — at first informally
— why so many of my fellow blacks’
takes on racism seemed to me to be more
fitting for 1935 than 1995.
After a while I realized that the rub
was that my life had spared me from ex-
periencing or even seeing police abuse. I
had seen the video images of the vicious
beating of Rodney King by Los Angeles
officers four years earlier but had lived
What the O. J. Simpson
case taught me about
being black.
too fortunate a life to see it as something
that could happen to me.
To this day I am bemused by the occa-
sional white person who assumes that I
have a “story” to tell about triumphing
over racism, that I was raised by work-
ing-class parents just getting by. I grew
up solidly middle class in quiet, leafy sub-
urbs — one integrated, one all black —
where the police were the last thing on
anyone’s mind. Racism had brushed my
life now and then, but not at the hands of
the police. This was what kept me from
processing the O. J. Simpson business
“blackly,” as it were.
What I found when I spoke with people
after the Simpson verdict, though, and
have found since with numbing regular-
ity, is that what prevents real racial con-
ciliation and understanding in America
is the poisonous relations between
blacks and the police.
story argued that Mr. Cruz denies his
Hispanic identity. It recounted in great
detail how at the age of 13 he jettisoned
his Spanish nickname, Felito, in favor of
Ted, which derives from his middle
name, Edward. The story concluded that
Mr. Cruz’s disregard for his own identity,
along with his extreme positions on im-
migration, posed an “insurmountable
barrier” between him and a majority of
Latino voters.
Iowa put both Mr. Cruz and Mr. Rubio
into the top tier of contenders, and so the
identity issue is bound to get further
complicated as they begin to compete
with each other more directly. In their
caucus night speeches Mr. Cruz pounded
Ted Cruz and Marco
Rubio made history in
Iowa. Or didn’t you hear?
home his vows to crack down on unau-
thorized immigration, while Mr. Rubio
emphasized his immigrant parents’
struggle to realize the American dream.
The contrast was not lost on Latino jour-
nalists. La Opinión’s story on Mr. Rubio
had him “walking a tightrope” on immi-
gration, mollifying the Republican base
with tough talk while using his own im-
migration story to appeal to moderates.
Like many English-language analysts,
Univision’s evening news proclaimed
Mr. Rubio the “real winner” in Iowa for
coming from behind to almost catch Don-
ald J. Trump, and it included interviews
with voters who hailed his crossover ap-
peal.
Just one night of voting gave us a firm
reminder that minority group identities
are neither fixed nor categorical, but that
instead they can shift and take multiple
forms. We learned that when Barack
Obama’s first presidential campaign
took off with a victory in Iowa. In 2008
the voters got to know a politician whose
DANTE CARLOS
I asked a black office worker what
made him so sure Mr. Simpson had been
framed, and he recounted just that kind
of malfeasance by Oakland cops when he
was growing up. And I learned not to as-
sume that only men had such feelings. I
asked a middle-class young black wom-
an why she, too, felt that racism was the
core of our experience. She instantly told
me a story about her brother being
senselessly harassed by cops for driving
in “the wrong place.”
The conversations were what ulti-
mately prompted my interest in writing
about race. And while the positions I took
in books and articles went against the
leftist orthodoxy, when it came to cops,
my feelings had become the same as
those of people more politically correct
than I, and that won’t change.
Racism is experienced in many ways,
but as the writer Ellis Cose has put it,
“Rage does not flow from dry numerical
analyses of discrimination or from pro-
fessional prospects projected on a stat-
istician’s screen.” Talk to most black peo-
ple about racism and you need only
count the seconds before the cops come
up.
Amid the round-the-clock cable cover-
age of the Simpson case, America was
seeing the difference between what the
cops meant to black people and what
they mean to most others.
Too few got the message at the time.
But after the killings of Walter Scott,
Eric Garner, Tamir Rice, Freddie Gray
and other unarmed blacks by the police
over the past two years, the conversation
has changed. Many non-black Ameri-
cans who were disgusted by the Simpson
verdict have become more aware of the
ubiquity of police brutality in black lives.
I suspect that the black response to the
verdict, if it happened today, would sur-
prise far fewer whites than it did 20 years
ago.
The Simpson show has been over for a
long time, so long that now we can watch
it performed by actors as an actual show.
Its ending wasn’t pretty, but it was
telling, and today I understand why. 0
ancestry and upbringing were far from
typical of the African-American popula-
tion but who nonetheless served as that
population’s tribune in powerful ways.
Mr. Obama walked his own tightrope by
striving not to be defined by his race
even as his political strategy depended
on rallying black voters to his cause.
Latino identities are even less fixed
and categorical than those of African-
Americans because they do not draw on
a singular historical experience like slav-
ery nor the insidious social marker of
race.
Instead, Latino political culture is rela-
tively new and embraces highly varied
constituencies. Political identities differ
according to where people came from,
when and how they got here and where
they ended up. Just as 2008 provided
many Americans their first opportunity
to consider voting for an African-Ameri-
can candidate who had a serious chance
of succeeding, the Iowa results this year
ensure that many Americans will be
looking closely at Latino politicians for
the first time, and it is going to happen
under peculiar circumstances.
Having two candidates providing the
lessons rather than just one ensures a
muddle. They both come from a national
origin group, Cubans, with a distinctive
political identity shaped by Cold War ex-
iles. Cubans in the United States have re-
liably voted Republican, though that is
shifting, and they make up just around 4
percent of the Hispanic population. The
early primaries will distort their identi-
ties as they compete for the votes of an-
gry whites against a rival, Mr. Trump,
who has made hostility toward immi-
grants his signature.
Who knows what facets of their identi-
ties will emerge if Mr. Cruz or Mr. Rubio
or both are still on the stump by the time
states with big Latino populations, like
Texas, Florida and California, pick dele-
gates?
If either is still in the race next fall,
when Republicans will be obliged to com-
pete with Democrats for Latino votes,
we’ll know whether Iowa, of all places,
opened a new chapter in the history of
minority group politics again. 0 and we would like reassurance.
N A23
NICHOLAS KRISTOF
2 Questions
For Bernie
Sanders
When Bernie Sanders won election as
mayor of Burlington, Vt., in 1981, I called
his office to see if there was a story there
about a socialist elected official. I was in-
terning at The Washington Post (I didn’t
mention the intern part!) and spoke at
length to some assistant who answered
the phone in the mayor’s office.
I asked about Sanders’s plans, and the
aide kept answering with “we” — which I
thought a nice glimpse of contagious of-
fice socialism. After half an hour, I had
enough to check with my editor, so I
asked the aide’s name. “Oh,” he said a bit
sheepishly, “actually, I’m Bernie
Sanders.”
Sanders’s lack of political airs has
helped catapult him forward in the presi-
dential race, overcoming a 50-point
deficit to just about tie Hillary Clinton in
Iowa. He comes across as winningly un-
calculated: Other candidates kiss ba-
bies; Sanders seems to fumble for a
baby’s “off” switch so he can tell you
more about inequality in America. Most
politicos sweet-talk voters; he bellows at
them.
I admire Sanders’s passion, his relent-
less focus on inequality and his consis-
tency. When he was sworn in as mayor of
Burlington, he declared: “The rich are
getting richer, the poor are getting
poorer and the millions of families in the
middle are gradually sliding out of the
middle class and into poverty.” That has
remained his mantra across 35 years.
An admirer
could use some
reassurance.
And yet, I still have two fundamental
questions for Sanders:
Can you translate your bold vision into
reality?
On that, frankly, I’m skeptical. I’m for
Medicare for All, but it won’t happen.
And if it did, the Committee for a Respon-
sible Federal Budget, a bipartisan group,
found that Sanders’s sums come up short
by $3 trillion over a decade.
Likewise, Sanders says he would prod
America’s allies in the Middle East to
lead the charge to defeat the Islamic
State. Yes, but how? The United States
has already been trying unsuccessfully
to get these allies to do more against
ISIS. What new leverage does he bring?
The Washington Post last month pub-
lished a scathing editorial headlined
“Bernie Sanders’s Fiction-Filled Cam-
paign.” It derided his “fantastical claims”
and added: “Sanders is not a brave truth-
teller. He is a politician selling his own
brand of fiction.”
I think that’s too harsh, for Sanders
panders less than other politicians (a
very low bar), and he has often staked
out lonely positions that turned out to be
correct—such as his opposition to the
Iraq war. But there remains this open
question of how he could achieve his am-
bitious agenda.
I also wonder if his age may be rele-
vant here: Sanders would be 75 when he
took office, by far the oldest person to be-
come president (Reagan was 69; Clinton
would be a slightly younger 69). Sanders
now is indefatigable, but people often
slow down in their late 70s and their 80s.
Another reason for skepticism is his
congressional record. In 25 years in Con-
gress, Sanders has been primary spon-
sor of just three bills that became law,
and two were simply to rename post of-
fices in Vermont; he did better with
amendments. Clinton wasn’t particu-
larly effective as a legislator, either, but
to me Sanders’s record suggests that his
strength is as a passionate advocate, not
as a deal-maker who gets results.
Can you get elected? Or would your
nomination make a President Cruz more
likely?
When voters are polled today about
how they would vote in a general elec-
tion, Sanders does pretty well. For exam-
ple, he beats Ted Cruz in the RealClear-
Politics average, while Clinton loses to
Cruz. But at this stage that’s almost
meaningless: Republicans are blasting
Clinton while ignoring Sanders. If he
were the nominee, he would be savaged.
One particularly sobering item for
Sanders supporters: A Gallup poll last
year asking voters what kind of person
they would be unwilling to consider vot-
ing for. Six percent of Americans say
they wouldn’t vote for a Catholic, and 7
percent wouldn’t support a black or a
Jew. Some 24 percent wouldn’t vote for a
gay candidate, and more than a third
would refuse to vote for a Muslim or an
atheist.
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However, the most objectionable kind
of person by far was a socialist. Fifty per-
cent of Americans said they would be un-
willing to consider voting for a socialist.
Maybe Sanders could convince them
that a “democratic socialist” isn’t exactly
a socialist, or maybe he could charm
some voters into rethinking their beliefs.
P r e s s R e a d e r. c o m
He has done just that very successfully
in Vermont, a state where he now wins
elections by overwhelming margins, and
skeptics have been underestimating him
for 35 years. But if a Democratic nominee
starts off with half the voters unwilling to
consider someone like him, that’s a huge
advantage for the Republican nominee.
So can he accomplish his goals, and is
he electable? Lots of us admire Sanders
0
 A24 N THE NEW YORK TIMES, THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 4, 2016

Weather Report Meteorology by AccuWeather

Vanco
couver
co 10s 10s Metropolitan Forecast
0s
L Regina TODAY ...................................... Rather cloudy
Seattl
Se
eattle
attle Winnipeg
nnipeg
nipeg
eg Quebec
Qu c
30s
30s
sS
Spokan
ne
n
20s
0s High 54. A cold front will slowly move off
H
Halifax
Portla
and 20s M
Montreal the coast. It will remain cloudy but dry. 60° Record
40
40s
Eugen
ene
Helena
Bismarc
Bismar
Bismarck L Portland
Po
or
Temperatures will continue to be well highs
30s Bill
Bil
illings
lin
lin
ng
Far
Fargo Ottawa
Burlington
n on
Manchester
Ma
above average.
Bo
oisse 40s
40
Min
nneapolis
n n St. Paul
S Toronto
To Albany 5
50s
Bos
Boston TONIGHT .................................. Cloudy, cooler
10
0s
H Pierre Milwauk
kee Buffalo
o Har
Hartford
a Low 36. A storm over the ocean may bring 50°
60s
s 20s Ca
asper
a
Siou
ou
ux Falls Detroit
New York
N a period of snow to Long Island. Some
20s
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Reno Cheye
yenne
ye
Des Moines Chicago
o Cleveland Pittsburrg
rgh
Phi
Philadelphia
clouds will linger, but snow will be close by
30s
30s
s Salt Lake Omaha 30s to the east.
City Indianapolis
i s Wash
Washington
ash
S Fra
San
Sa a
ancisco
ancis Denver
Topeka
Kansas Sp
Springfield
i Richm
chmond TOMORROW ............................. Turning sunny 40° Normal
Colorrrado City Charlesto
harles
e on
o highs
Fressno
Fr s
sn La
Las Spr
prings
pr St. Louis Louisville
N
Norfolk High 43. Another weak cold front will
Vegas 40s
60s
H Wichita
chita Raleigh
gh move out, which will bring some chillier
Los Ange
Angeles Santa Fe
S e Nashville Charlotte air. Building high pressure will provide
Oklahoma City
Little Ro
Rock
Roc
Memphis plenty of sunshine. 30°
San Diego
o Phoe
Pho
Ph
hoen
oenix
i Albuquerque Columb
bia Normal
Lubbock 5
50s Birmingham
m
Atlanta 60s SATURDAY ............................. Some sunshine lows
Tucson
on
n
Dallas A high-pressure system will start to slide
El Paso Ft. Worth Jackson
n east. This will allow for clouds and some
20° S S M T W T F S S M
80s
80
0 70s
Jac
Jacksonville
ac
sunshine. Temperatures will run a few de-
Baton
o Rouge Mo
Mobile
grees above average.
Honolulu
Sa
an A
an Antonio
H Hou
ouston
New O
Orlando TODAY
Orleans
70s
0 Hilo
0sH 80s
s
Tam
am
mpa
m a SUNDAY
70s
60s 0s 80s
70s MONDAY................................ Some sunshine
Corpus Christi
C 10°
Miami Sunday will be partly sunny. The high will
<0 Monterrey
n
Nassau
be 48. Monday will be a bit chillier, with a
Weather patterns shown as expected at noon today, Eastern time. partly sunny sky. The high is expected to
10s Fairban
banks
ban 0s
TODAY’S HIGHS be 40.
Forecast
20s <0 0s 10s 20s 30s 40s 50s 60s 70s 80s 90s 100+
Actual range
Anch
Anc
Anchorage
30
30s
0 H L High High
Juneau
eau
COLD WARM STATIONARY COMPLEX HIGH LOW MOSTLY SHOWERS T-STORMS RAIN FLURRIES SNOW ICE Record
40s FRONTS COLD PRESSURE CLOUDY PRECIPITATION Low Low lows

Highlight: The Weekend Outlook National Forecast Metropolitan Almanac

Cooler air will expand from the Appala- In Central Park for the 16 hours ended at 4 p.m. yesterday.
chians to much of the Atlantic Coast to-
day. Warmth will hold over much of the Temperature Precipitation (in inches)
L L Florida peninsula, with showers and thun- 57°
4 p.m.
Record Yesterday ............... 0.44 Snow ......................... 0.0
high 64° Record .................... 1.55 Since Oct. 1 ............ 27.2
derstorms in the central counties. Rain 60°
(1991)
will push inland across Georgia, the Caro- For the last 30 days
Actual ..................... 4.86
linas and southeastern Virginia. As the 50° Normal .................... 3.50
rain skirts the coastal areas of the North- For the last 365 days
H east at night, it may change to wet snow.
Normal
Actual ................... 39.55
JET STREAM Chilly air will settle over much of the 40° high 39°
Normal .................. 49.94
Plains and Midwest, with snow showers 42°
1 a.m.
LAST 30 DAYS

L from Minnesota to the western slopes of 30°

Air pressure Humidity
Normal
the central Appalachians. Most of the low 27°
High ........... 30.33 2 a.m. High............. 89% 2 p.m.

Unusually Unusually
H Plains, lower Mississippi Valley and the
Low ............ 29.97 2 p.m. Low .............. 59% 1 a.m.

warm cool Southwest will be dry and sunny. 20° TUE. YESTERDAY
Heating Degree Days
Snow showers are expected to spread An index of fuel consumption that tracks how
over the northern and central Rockies. far the day’s mean temperature fell below 65
10°
A strengthening storm will deliver rain to the Southeast this weekend. Wet snow could Rain showers will affect western Washing- Yesterday ................................................................... 15
mix in along the northwestern flank of the front. Blustery winds will chill the Northern ton and northwestern Oregon. Record
low 0°
So far this month ........................................................ 49
So far this season (since July 1) ............................ 2014
Plains as the West Coast dries out and warms up. 0° (1955) Normal to date for the season ............................... 2782

4 12 6 12 4
Little Rock 51/ 29 0 50/ 29 S 55/ 33 PC New Delhi 73/ 47 0 71/ 48 PC 72/ 48 PC p.m. a.m. a.m. p.m. p.m. Trends Temperature Precipitation
Cities Los Angeles 64/ 42 0 69/ 48 S 73/ 47 S Riyadh 67/ 50 0.09 67/ 39 S 68/ 41 S Average Average
High/low temperatures for the 16 hours ended at 4 Louisville 57/ 31 0.12 40/ 26 S 47/ 29 S Seoul 39/ 12 0 39/ 19 PC 36/ 15 S Avg. daily departure Avg. daily departure Below Above Below Above
p.m. yesterday, Eastern time, and precipitation (in Memphis 52/ 30 0 46/ 29 S 54/ 33 S Shanghai 45/ 29 0 44/ 33 C 47/ 33 S from normal from normal Last 10 days
inches) for the 16 hours ended at 4 p.m. yesterday. Miami 81/ 71 0 80/ 65 PC 70/ 65 PC Singapore 90/ 77 0.19 88/ 77 C 88/ 79 T
this month ........... +15.0° this year ................ +3.0° 30 days
Expected conditions for today and tomorrow. Milwaukee 36/ 20 0.07 29/ 23 PC 30/ 24 C Sydney 84/ 68 0.18 74/ 68 Sh 74/ 69 W
Mpls.-St. Paul 21/ 11 0.07 28/ 12 SS 27/ 24 C Taipei 62/ 53 0.18 63/ 56 R 59/ 50 C 90 days
C ....................... Clouds S ............................. Sun Nashville 59/ 31 0.40 43/ 25 S 49/ 28 S Tehran 51/ 36 0.05 52/ 32 S 57/ 34 S Reservoir levels (New York City water supply) 365 days
F ............................ Fog Sn ....................... Snow New Orleans 65/ 45 0 57/ 39 S 56/ 41 S Tokyo 46/ 36 0 47/ 37 C 51/ 37 PC
H .......................... Haze SS ......... Snow showers Norfolk 77/ 53 0.09 54/ 35 R 44/ 34 PC Yesterday ............... 88% Chart shows how recent temperature and precipitation
Oklahoma City 44/ 24 0 51/ 31 S 55/ 30 PC Europe Yesterday Today Tomorrow
I............................... Ice T .......... Thunderstorms Est. normal ............. 88% trends compare with those of the last 30 years.
Omaha 27/ 15 0 34/ 17 S 37/ 23 C Amsterdam 44/ 39 0.14 47/ 42 R 51/ 44 R
PC............ Partly cloudy Tr ........................ Trace Athens 68/ 41 0 63/ 50 PC 53/ 42 R
Orlando 85/ 65 0 80/ 49 T 63/ 54 S
R ........................... Rain W ....................... Windy Philadelphia 65/ 49 0.32 52/ 35 C 46/ 29 C Berlin 43/ 36 0.13 40/ 32 Sh 42/ 40 C
Sh ................... Showers –.............. Not available Phoenix
Pittsburgh
57/
61/
38
34
0
0.52
64/
39/
41
22
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SS
69/
38/
41
26
S
S
Brussels
Budapest
43/ 37 0.19
51/ 39 0.49
48/ 45 R
43/ 30 S
50/ 45 R
44/ 28 PC
Recreational Forecast
N.Y.C. region Yesterday Today Tomorrow
Portland, Me. 47/ 45 0.61 53/ 29 PC 37/ 24 PC Copenhagen 43/ 37 0.13 40/ 31 PC 42/ 41 C
New York City 57/ 42 0.44 54/ 36 C 43/ 32 PC Portland, Ore. 47/ 43 0.07 51/ 41 Sh 51/ 41 PC Dublin 45/ 35 0.11 52/ 45 C 49/ 35 R Sun, Moon and Planets Mountain and Ocean Temperatures
Bridgeport 54/ 36 0.55 53/ 34 C 44/ 28 PC Providence 55/ 52 0.35 57/ 33 C 42/ 26 PC Edinburgh 42/ 34 0.05 49/ 46 Sh 49/ 36 R
Caldwell 59/ 33 0.43 54/ 33 C 45/ 26 C Raleigh 72/ 55 0.27 56/ 35 R 48/ 28 C Frankfurt 45/ 38 0.21 44/ 40 R 50/ 40 R New First Quarter Full Last Quarter
Danbury 54/ 30 0.44 54/ 29 C 42/ 23 PC Reno 39/ 26 0 45/ 25 PC 45/ 28 PC Geneva 47/ 37 0.24 43/ 36 R 48/ 34 PC Today’s forecast
Islip 54/ 37 0.52 53/ 34 C 43/ 28 PC Richmond 70/ 52 0.31 53/ 34 C 45/ 27 C Helsinki 35/ 23 0.28 31/ 24 PC 31/ 14 PC
Newark 60/ 37 0.29 54/ 35 C 45/ 29 PC Rochester 59/ 36 0.22 39/ 26 C 38/ 28 PC Istanbul 58/ 48 0 58/ 44 W 47/ 39 R White
Trenton 60/ 34 0.34 52/ 33 C 45/ 26 C Sacramento 54/ 42 0 60/ 37 PC 61/ 41 S Kiev 48/ 37 0 39/ 28 C 37/ 27 PC Feb. 8 Feb. 15 Feb. 22 Mar. 1 39/16 Times of clouds and sun
White Plains 56/ 34 0.42 53/ 32 C 43/ 27 PC Salt Lake City 30/ 19 0 34/ 23 SS 37/ 20 PC Lisbon 64/ 53 0 61/ 47 PC 61/ 52 PC 9:38 a.m. 1:19 p.m.
London 47/ 38 0.01 55/ 46 C 53/ 44 C Green
United States Yesterday Today Tomorrow San Antonio 61/ 34 0 60/ 33 S 61/ 41 PC
San Diego 66/ 45 0 68/ 49 S 72/ 51 S Madrid 58/ 41 0 53/ 33 S 52/ 38 PC 29/10 Partly sunny
Albany 55/ 43 0.40 47/ 28 PC 39/ 25 C Sun RISE 7:04 a.m. Moon R 3:30 a.m.
San Francisco 55/ 46 0 58/ 45 PC 60/ 48 PC Moscow 38/ 34 0.04 36/ 23 C 33/ 27 Sn SET 5:16 p.m. S 1:38 p.m.
Albuquerque 39/ 16 0 42/ 23 PC 47/ 21 C Adirondacks
San Jose 58/ 44 0 61/ 43 PC 65/ 45 S Nice 63/ 45 0 57/ 43 S 59/ 45 S
Anchorage 27/ 24 0.01 31/ 24 Sn 34/ 24 I NEXT R 7:03 a.m. R 4:23 a.m. 33/14 Snow showers west
San Juan 82/ 73 0.11 82/ 71 PC 83/ 71 PC Oslo 32/ 23 0 31/ 15 S 30/ 26 Sn 40s
Atlanta 67/ 40 1.91 52/ 30 PC 51/ 29 S Paris 46/ 39 0.02 51/ 46 Sh 51/ 44 PC Jupiter S 8:52 a.m. Mars R 12:50 a.m.
Seattle 48/ 43 0.05 51/ 43 Sh 54/ 42 R Berkshires
Atlantic City 57/ 49 0.55 51/ 36 C 44/ 31 Sn Prague 46/ 36 0.09 39/ 33 Sn 41/ 35 C R 8:15 p.m. S 11:06 a.m.
Sioux Falls 22/ 14 Tr 30/ 13 PC 33/ 16 C 43/24 Partly sunny
Austin 56/ 29 0 59/ 28 S 61/ 39 S Rome 59/ 50 0.08 56/ 35 S 59/ 39 S
Spokane 35/ 31 0 38/ 29 Sn 43/ 35 C Saturn R 3:07 a.m. Venus R 5:21 a.m.
Baltimore 60/ 46 0.35 50/ 32 C 46/ 26 S St. Petersburg 36/ 29 0.14 32/ 28 Sn 31/ 16 Sn
St. Louis 40/ 26 0 43/ 29 S 46/ 33 PC S 12:40 p.m. S 2:43 p.m. Catskills
Baton Rouge 64/ 38 0 56/ 29 S 57/ 33 S Stockholm 36/ 28 0.19 34/ 26 S 34/ 27 C
St. Thomas 83/ 72 0.02 82/ 71 PC 82/ 72 Sh 39/21 Variable cloudiness
Birmingham 63/ 36 0.96 50/ 28 S 51/ 29 S Vienna 52/ 40 0.15 44/ 34 PC 44/ 33 C
Syracuse 54/ 34 0.70 40/ 25 C 37/ 26 Sn Boating
Boise 39/ 31 0 42/ 27 Sn 43/ 30 PC Warsaw 47/ 38 0.04 40/ 32 Sn 39/ 34 PC
Tampa 83/ 66 0 74/ 47 T 64/ 50 S Poconos
Boston 52/ 47 0.42 54/ 34 C 40/ 30 Sn
Toledo 55/ 27 0.20 35/ 22 PC 40/ 20 PC North America Yesterday Today Tomorrow From Montauk Point to Sandy Hook, N.J., out to 20 40/22 Variable clouds, colder
Buffalo 60/ 32 0.21 35/ 25 C 35/ 26 PC
Tucson 55/ 30 0 61/ 33 PC 67/ 36 S nautical miles, including Long Island Sound and New
Burlington 49/ 40 0.32 44/ 25 PC 33/ 26 PC Tulsa 45/ 23 0 52/ 31 S 55/ 33 PC Acapulco 89/ 72 0 88/ 77 PC 90/ 75 PC 50s
Casper 21/ 10 0 28/ 15 W 29/ 20 W York Harbor. Southwest Pa.
Virginia Beach 74/ 54 0.32 57/ 38 R 44/ 35 PC Bermuda 70/ 65 0 71/ 67 PC 72/ 65 PC
Charlotte 69/ 52 0.95 57/ 32 C 51/ 25 S Washington 57/ 46 0.40 51/ 34 C 45/ 31 S Edmonton 19/ 5 0 23/ 12 C 36/ 22 C A small craft advisory is warranted on the ocean for 34/17 Much colder, flurries
Chattanooga 64/ 36 0.45 50/ 26 S 49/ 27 S Wichita 39/ 21 0 48/ 26 S 50/ 27 PC Guadalajara 80/ 34 0 81/ 39 S 80/ 39 PC hazardous seas. Wind will be from the west at 5-10
Chicago 37/ 22 0 32/ 22 PC 32/ 25 PC 60s
Wilmington, Del. 59/ 48 0.31 51/ 32 C 46/ 27 C Havana 84/ 67 0 84/ 70 PC 74/ 66 PC knots. Waves will be 4-6 feet on the ocean and 1-2 feet
Cincinnati 58/ 28 0.55 37/ 23 PC 43/ 27 S Kingston 84/ 75 0.07 86/ 73 PC 87/ 72 S
West Virginia
on Long Island Sound and on New York Harbor. 70s
Cleveland 63/ 33 0.29 36/ 23 SS 39/ 24 S Africa Yesterday Today Tomorrow Martinique 86/ 72 0.06 83/ 68 PC 83/ 71 Sh 35/17 Partly sunny and colder
Colorado Springs 24/ 2 0 36/ 16 S 37/ 10 PC Algiers 66/ 47 0.03 61/ 36 PC 67/ 45 PC Mexico City 80/ 46 0 71/ 43 PC 72/ 45 PC High Tides
Columbus 60/ 32 0.72 36/ 22 PC 42/ 27 S Cairo 68/ 50 0 75/ 56 S 72/ 54 S Monterrey 72/ 45 0 66/ 37 S 68/ 43 PC Color bands
Concord, N.H. 49/ 47 0.64 53/ 30 PC 38/ 25 PC Cape Town 76/ 64 0.01 85/ 64 S 90/ 64 S Montreal 41/ 25 0.35 39/ 17 PC 29/ 23 S Atlantic City ................... 3:51 a.m. .............. 4:09 p.m. Blue Ridge indicate water
Dallas-Ft. Worth 52/ 30 0 55/ 34 S 58/ 37 PC Dakar 83/ 69 0 84/ 70 S 85/ 70 PC Nassau 85/ 71 0 83/ 69 S 82/ 69 PC Barnegat Inlet ................ 3:59 a.m. .............. 4:26 p.m. 44/25 Partly sunny and colder temperature.
Denver 26/ 7 0 36/ 19 S 36/ 18 PC Johannesburg 84/ 62 0.05 84/ 54 S 74/ 56 T Panama City 93/ 71 0 94/ 70 S 93/ 72 S The Battery .................... 4:35 a.m. .............. 5:04 p.m.
Des Moines 25/ 15 0.05 36/ 18 S 35/ 28 C Nairobi 77/ 56 0.12 81/ 57 S 82/ 58 S Quebec City 26/ 8 0.25 39/ 14 PC 23/ 11 S Beach Haven ................. 5:19 a.m. .............. 5:45 p.m.
Detroit 56/ 30 0.22 37/ 25 PC 40/ 24 C Tunis 68/ 46 0 59/ 47 PC 61/ 45 C Santo Domingo 89/ 67 0 87/ 65 S 85/ 66 S
El Paso 48/ 23 0 51/ 27 S 56/ 27 S Toronto 60/ 37 0.48 35/ 25 PC 37/ 26 PC
Bridgeport ..................... 7:36 a.m. ..............
City Island ...................... 7:34 a.m. ..............
8:11 p.m.
8:34 p.m.
In the wake of a cold front, a chillier day
Asia/Pacific Yesterday Today Tomorrow
Fargo
Hartford
24/ 16 0
56/ 49 0.48
24/ 14 PC
56/ 32 C
28/ 18 Sn
42/ 24 PC Baghdad 70/ 44 0 67/ 42 S 68/ 46 PC
Vancouver 44/ 33 0.04 48/ 43 R 50/ 39 Sh Fire Island Lt. ................. 4:47 a.m. .............. 5:13 p.m. will prevail across the mountains. There
Winnipeg 19/ -3 Tr 12/ -3 C 15/ 0 C
Honolulu 82/ 67 0 82/ 69 S 83/ 69 S Bangkok 90/ 71 0 93/ 69 S 92/ 69 S Montauk Point ................ 5:39 a.m. .............. 6:03 p.m. will be clouds, flurries and some heavier
South America Yesterday Today Tomorrow Northport ....................... 7:44 a.m. .............. 8:22 p.m.
Houston
Indianapolis
60/ 37 0
47/ 24 0.12
59/ 33 S
33/ 24 PC
59/ 40 S
42/ 25 S
Beijing
Damascus
45/ 14 0
62/ 32 0
40/ 21 PC
63/ 36 S
37/ 17 S
65/ 39 PC Buenos Aires 86/ 67 0 88/ 68 PC 90/ 69 PC Port Washington ............ 7:36 a.m. .............. 8:44 p.m. snow showers over western Pennsylvania
Jackson 59/ 34 0 51/ 27 S 55/ 29 S Hong Kong 60/ 50 0 65/ 52 S 63/ 49 S Caracas 83/ 74 0 84/ 73 S 85/ 74 S Sandy Hook ................... 4:01 a.m. .............. 4:27 p.m. and parts of western New York, including
Jacksonville 80/ 66 0.05 66/ 37 R 55/ 42 S Jakarta 89/ 77 0.39 86/ 76 Sh 86/ 76 Sh Lima 85/ 74 0 85/ 73 PC 86/ 73 PC
Kansas City 32/ 19 0 43/ 22 S 44/ 29 C Jerusalem 61/ 36 0 62/ 44 S 63/ 44 S Quito 68/ 54 0.19 71/ 54 T 72/ 53 R
Shinnecock Inlet ............ 3:54 a.m. ..............
Stamford ........................ 7:39 a.m. ..............
4:18 p.m.
8:14 p.m.
the Tug Hill area and the western Adiron-
Key West 82/ 74 0 79/ 65 PC 70/ 64 PC Karachi 82/ 57 0 81/ 58 S 81/ 57 S Recife 86/ 77 0.03 88/ 79 C 88/ 78 PC Tarrytown ....................... 6:24 a.m. .............. 6:53 p.m. dacks. The rest of the region can expect
Las Vegas 48/ 33 0 54/ 37 S 59/ 37 S Manila 86/ 77 0 89/ 77 PC 90/ 78 PC Rio de Janeiro 90/ 76 0 91/ 77 S 95/ 78 PC
Lexington 59/ 29 0.90 38/ 23 S 45/ 28 S Mumbai 90/ 70 0 90/ 71 PC 90/ 72 PC Santiago 87/ 59 0 83/ 57 S 85/ 59 S
Willets Point ................... 7:38 a.m. .............. 8:38 p.m. some sunshine.
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P r e s s R e a d e r. c o m
 S.S. United States
New Course for Liner
A luxury travel company has an
option to buy the historic ship
and put it back into service.
Food Needs
Again Drive
A Big Bid
From China
This article is by Alexandra
Stevenson, Chad Bray and Amie
Tsang.
America’s biggest pork pro-
ducer and a major agricultural
commodities trader have been
among China’s prized acquisi-
tions in recent years.
Now, the state-owned China
National Chemical Corporation,
known as ChemChina, has
clinched a deal to buy Syngenta,
a giant in farm chemicals and
seeds, for $43 billion, underscor-
ing China’s desire to secure a
sustainable food supply for its
population of 1.4 billion people.
As in deals for energy and oth-
er natural resources, Chinese
companies have shown them-
selves willing to put up increas-
ingly larger sums of money to ac-
quire foreign agricultural coun-
terparts — and expertise.
“The background here is that
China is very sensitive to de-
pendency on foreign food,” said
Derek M. Scissors, an economic
policy fellow at the American En-
terprise Institute in Washington
who studies Chinese overseas in-
vestment.
Government regulators in Chi-
na have struggled to control and
maintain the nation’s food supply
chain in recent years. Food safety
scandals — for example, when
dairy producers sold milk formu-
la laced with melamine, putting
300,000 babies in the hospital and
killing six — have produced em-
barrassing headlines for Beijing.
At the same time, as the average
income of Chinese families has
risen, their taste preferences
have changed.
How to meet this growing de-
mand has been a priority for
many in China’s food production
industry.
Continued on Page 6
STUART GOLDENBERG
Up or Down
At Dropbox?
Hard to Say
There are no obvious signs
of distress at the lavish San Fran-
cisco headquarters of the cloud
storage company Dropbox,
where on any given day, its hall-
ways bustle with up-
FARHAD beat, well-compen-
sated tech workers
MANJOO enjoying the custom-
ary trappings of
STATE start-up life. Drop-
OF THE ART
box is not laying off
workers or shrinking; it hired
nearly 500 people last year, 75
since the start of this year, and it
plans to soon move into a sprawl-
ing, custom-designed office build-
ing for which it has signed a long-
term lease.
But that isn’t the image of
Dropbox you’d encounter in the
news media. Two years ago, the
company raised a round of fi-
nancing that valued it at $10 bil-
lion, making it one of the most
highly prized start-ups of the tech
boom. Now it faces a stock mar-
ket that has turned unfriendly to
initial public offerings of tech
companies, not to mention stiff
competition from publicly traded
companies like Microsoft, Google
and Box, the similarly named
firm in a similar line of business.
As a result, Dropbox’s valua-
tion has been battered by a series
of “markdowns” from large in-
vestors who appear to have
turned skeptical about its future.
For instance, the mutual fund
manager T. Rowe Price now con-
siders Dropbox’s shares to be
worth half what they were at the
time of the last fund-raising
round.
Continued on Page 8
3 watch the big game?
A Mogul Dethroned
Under Pressure From Shareholders and a Lawsuit,
The CBS Executive Chairman Resigns His Post
By EMILY STEEL
The 92-year-old media mogul Sum-
ner M. Redstone has declared repeat-
edly over the years that he would nev-
er retire from his perch at the top of his
$39 billion entertainment empire.
But now Mr. Redstone, under pres-
sure from shareholders and facing a
lawsuit challenging his mental compe-
tence, has resigned as executive chair-
man of CBS. The company’s board an-
Walmart Sues Puerto Rico, Claiming
An Unfair and Onerous Tax Burden
By MARY WILLIAMS WALSH
The last thing Puerto Rico would seem to need is
another fight about money.
But the island’s government, already facing mul-
tiple battles over billions of dollars in debt, was in
yet another courtroom on Wednesday, locked in a
legal dispute with its biggest sales-tax collector
and its biggest private employer — the mighty re-
tailer Walmart.
This time the dispute is not about bond pay-
ments, but taxes: the taxes that Puerto Rico is
charging Walmart for the goods it brings from its
distributors off the island — including in the Unit-
ed States — to sell in its stores in Puerto Rico.
In May, the island raised the special tax on those
RYAN STONE FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
Cocktails, but No Spirits
Strict liquor laws are pushing some small res-
taurants to do without hard alcohol, as they turn
out elegant drinks with wine and beer. Page 4.
Tech Fix
Super Cord Cutters
The drinks are on ice, the nachos
are in the oven, but how will you
7 flamboyant assembly.
nounced on Wednesday that it had ap-
pointed Leslie Moonves, the CBS chief
executive, as his successor.
At the same time, a contentious and
complex battle for control is underway
at Viacom, the other half of Mr. Red-
stone’s conglomerate, which includes
the MTV, Nickelodeon and Comedy
Central cable networks and Para-
mount Pictures film studios.
As of Wednesday, Mr. Redstone re-
goods to 6.5 percent from 2 percent for the largest
retailers. Walmart filed suit in December, saying
the increase left it with an effective income tax of
91.5 percent.
The tax “sentences Walmart in Puerto Rico to
death, for a crime there is no evidence it commit-
ted,” Walmart’s lawyer, Neal S. Manne, told the
court.
“No business can operate for long in an envi-
ronment where 91.5 percent of its net income is
confiscated through taxes,” the company said in its
complaint.
Walmart argues that the tax is illegal — a vio-
lation of both the Commerce Clause and the Equal
Continued on Page 6
A Tamer Playboy Puts on (Some) Clothes
By DAVID SEGAL
What is Playboy without naked
women? It sounds a little bit like
Car and Driver magazine without
cars or drivers, and for those who
want only to gawk at the most inti-
mate of female parts, it is just that.
For everyone else, the makeover
is subtler than you might expect.
And frankly, the starkest changes
have little to do with flesh.
In its March issue, the magazine
will abandon full-frontal nudity,
which has been the core of the
brand’s identity since its begin-
ning in 1953, with a centerfold of
Marilyn Monroe and lots of path-
breakingly candid talk about sex.
As announced in October, Playboy
is shedding NC-17-rated fare and
revamping itself for the digital
age, when racy images are as easy
to find as Wi-Fi.
Playboy sent an advance copy
of the redesigned issue, and let us
get straight to the point: There are
still naked women in this newly
demure version. It’s just that they
have been shot in ways intended
SportsThursday Pages 10-15
Spectacle of Signing Day
Coach Jim Harbaugh lands some
top recruits as Michigan holds a
10
N B1
THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 4, 2016
MATT SAYLES/INVISION, VIA ASSOCIATED PRESS
mained executive chairman of Viacom.
Carl Folta, a company spokesman, said
Sumner Redstone,
left, and Leslie
that the Viacom board was scheduled
to meet on Thursday, when it was ex-
Moonves in 2012. The
board of CBS an-
pected that directors would discuss
nounced Wednesday
who would succeed Mr. Redstone.
The likely successor is Philippe P.
that it had appointed
Mr. Moonves, CBS’s
Dauman, the Viacom chief executive.
chief executive, as Mr.
But unlike Mr. Moonves’s appointment
Redstone’s successor.
at CBS, it is not expected to be a unani-
mous vote because he appears not to
have the support of Mr. Redstone’s
daughter, Shari Redstone, who now is
vice chairwoman of CBS and Viacom.
“The elevation of Moonves is unsur-
Continued on Page 8
DENNIS M. RIVERA PICHARDO
Antonio Hernández Brignoni, in the Walmart parking lot
in Hatillo, P.R., says the corporation can afford its taxes.
But this is the Garden of Eden af-
ter a bite of the apple, and our Eve,
while amused, seems a bit embar-
rassed. In one shot, it’s as if some-
one has just stolen her clothing,
leaving her to hide as much of her-
self as she can with both hands.
Ms. Hemingway and other fea-
tured women in the issue are unre-
touched. Playboy photographs
have long been triumphs of tech-
nology, giving models a sheen of
perfection that is unobtainable
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CO PY R I G H T A N D P R OT E C T E D BY A P P L I C A B L E L AW
without lots of carefully placed
lights and aggressive airbrushing.
That is over. Some images in the
March issue are grainy, and all
THEO WENNER/PLAYBOY feel more impromptu than posed.
The model Sarah McDaniel on The magazine has adopted the un-
adorned, point-and-shoot aesthet-
the cover of the March issue of
ic made famous by American Ap-
P r e s s R e a d e r. c o m
Playboy magazine.
parel ads and fashion photogra-
phers like Terry Richardson.
for strategic concealment. Paradoxical as it may sound,
The centerfold, for instance —
yes, there is still a centerfold, in
Playboy has undergone major cos-
metic surgery and emerged from
this case, Dree Hemingway, a it looking more natural.
great-granddaughter of Ernest The transition to a tamer prod-
Hemingway — cavorts in the buff. Continued on Page 2
B2 N THE NEW YORK TIMES BUSINESS THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 4, 2016
Honda Expands Recall of Takata Airbags as Crisis Widens
By HIROKO TABUCHI
In the latest sign that automak-
ers are still struggling to under-
stand the scope of the Takata air-
bag crisis, Honda Motor said on
Wednesday that it would expand
its recall by more than a third in
North America.
The latest action, for 2.23 mil-
lion vehicles in the United States,
reveals just how much Honda, a
longtime partner of Takata and
the automaker most affected by
the defective airbags, continues
to be haunted by them. Now,
Honda alone has recalled as
many as 8.51 million Honda and
Acura vehicles in the United
States — a third of the recall’s
overall total.
The newly recalled vehicles
are part of a broader announce-
ment by the National Highway
Traffic Safety Administration last
month that five million more ve-
hicles with the defective airbags
would have to be recalled. At the
time it did not have a breakdown
of manufacturers.
The airbags can rupture when
they deploy, sending debris into
the car’s cabin. At least 10 deaths,
including nine in the United
States, and more than 100 injuries
have been linked to the defect.
Buoyed by North America, G.M. Posts $9.7 Billion Profit for 2015
By BILL VLASIC
DETROIT — With American
consumers buying new vehicles
in record numbers, General Mo-
tors is raking in big profits and
promising even better earnings
in 2016. G.M., the nation’s largest
automaker, said on Wednesday
that it earned a profit of $9.7 bil-
lion in 2015 primarily because of
its strong performance in its core
North American market.
The results were bolstered by
special items, including changes
in valuations for certain assets,
which added $1.5 billion to its net
income.
The valuation adjustments
G.M. expresses faith
that the industry will
exceed the 17.5 million
vehicles sold last year.
helped G.M. overcome other
charges it took last year to settle
a Justice Department investiga-
tion into defective ignition
switches tied to at least 124
deaths and to compensate vic-
tims of accidents in the affected
vehicles.
G.M. said its performance was
a company record and represent-
ed a marked improvement over
its net income of $2.8 billion in
2014.
Despite concerns among in-
vestors that vehicle sales in the
United States may have peaked,
G.M. executives expressed confi-
dence that the industry will sur-
pass the 17.5 million cars and
With a Tamer Redesign,
Playboy Puts on Clothes
From First Business Page
uct is part of a strategy to draw in
a younger audience, said Cory
Jones, Playboy’s chief content of-
ficer. “A year and a half ago, we
relaunched Playboy.com as a
safe-for-work site, and traffic
skyrocketed 400 percent,” he
said. “The average age of our vis-
itors dropped from 47 years old to
30. It showed how the brand can
still resonate.”
This speaks to the boldest
gamble of the overhauled maga-
zine: It is now pitched squarely
to millennials and the era of the
smartphone. The cover displays
a winsome young woman whose
arm extends out of the frame, as
if she were taking a selfie. In a fa-
miliar font, it reads, “heyyy ;)”
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open for partnership and/or other
options. Call 917-796-3012
Stores Miscellaneous 3438
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Rev $550k. Rent $11k. Lease 7.5yr. Ca-
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Nine of the deaths were in vehi-
cles made by Honda.
When a car is recalled, it re-
ceives a new inflater, a metal cas-
ing containing the explosives that
help inflate the airbag. The explo-
sives, which contain a volatile
compound called ammonium ni-
trate, can break down over time
or when exposed to moisture,
and may pose a danger.
Honda and Takata have been
aware of the defect since at least
2004, when an airbag ruptured in
a 2002 Honda Accord.
At the time, the manufacturers
deemed the rupture an anomaly
and did not alert safety regula-
tors. It took Honda four more
years to issue the first recall by
an automaker over the defect, in
2008, and only for 4,000 vehicles.
But since then, the problem
has snowballed.
Fourteen automakers have re-
called about 28 million inflaters in
24 million vehicles. (In some cars,
airbags on both the driver and
passenger side have been re-
called.)
But the problem is potentially
more widespread. Takata has
sold as many as 54 million inflat-
ers since 2000 that contain am-
monium nitrate, according to an
estimate by Valient Market Re-
trucks sold last year.
“We believe the fundamentals
support a continued strong U.S.
industry,” Mary T. Barra, the
chief executive of G.M., said in a
conference call with analysts on
Wednesday.
Ms. Barra said G.M.’s strong
earnings would help it add mod-
els and invest in electric vehicles
and other new technology.
She emphasized that G.M. was
behaving more like a technology
company than a traditional auto-
maker by investing in ride-shar-
ing services and autonomous ve-
hicles.
Like other major carmakers,
G.M. is trying to keep pace with
technology companies like Goo-
gle that are developing driverless
cars.
“We know our industry is be-
ing disrupted,” Ms. Barra said.
“And we are aggressively lever-
aging our technology leadership
and global resources to lead that
disruption.”
Still, investors have not re-
warded G.M.’s accomplishments
with a higher stock price. The
company’s shares closed
Wednesday at $28.92, which is
considerably lower than its 52-
week high of $38 achieved last
spring.
Analysts are giving much of
the credit for G.M.’s performance
to the economic conditions sup-
porting the soaring market for
new vehicles.
“G.M.’s strong 2015 fourth
quarter and full-year perform-
ances certainly reflect the cur-
rent health of the U.S. auto sector
that is benefiting from low gas
prices, ready availability of credit
and a favorable pricing environ-
ment,” said Bruce Clark, senior
beneath her. It’s like a virtual
come-hither, via Snapchat.
There are other updates. Gone
are the bawdy cartoons and the
racy ads at the back, for stuff like
“bedroom adventure gear.” The
phrase “Entertainment for Men,”
which has graced the cover since
that 1953 debut, has vanished. So
too has the dense and cluttered
layout that has defined the maga-
zine’s appearance since the 1970s,
when circulation stood at 5.6 mil-
lion. (It is now about 700,000.) In
its place is an airier and more
contemporary feel, with a lot
more white space.
In short, the new Playboy,
which will appear on newsstands
as early as this weekend, has
ditched its jauntily illicit aura and
become a slightly saucier version
of a lot of other magazines, like
Esquire and GQ. But the March
issue retains elements of the orig-
inal DNA, including a lengthy in-
terview (with the MSNBC host
Rachel Maddow) and a long es-
say by a famous writer (the Nor-
wegian memoirist and awkward-
moment connoisseur Karl Ove
Knausgaard).
Whether this will appeal to
younger readers without alienat-
ing regulars is unclear. The prob-
lem is that many of these ingredi-
ents can be acquired separately
by anyone with time and a web
browser.
The print version of Playboy, in
other words, is struggling with
the conundrum of the Internet,
just like every other legacy me-
dia enterprise. But say this for
the redesign: Even if it fails to in-
crease subscriptions, it makes
that deathless dodge “I read it for
the articles” a little easier to utter
with a straight face.
search and provided to The New
York Times. That leaves tens of
millions of cars with potentially
problematic inflaters on the road
that have not been fixed, or in
some cases, have not even been
recalled.
The recent death of a South
Carolina man highlighted the
risks posed by cars that contain
Takata airbags but have not been
recalled. Joel Knight was killed
The total magnitude
of the problem has
still not been
determined.
after the airbag in his 2006 Ford
Ranger exploded after an acci-
dent, sending metal fragments
into his throat.
His airbag had not been re-
called. Ford has since recalled
the 2006 Ranger.
Gordon Trowbridge, a spokes-
man for the National Highway
Traffic Safety Administration,
confirmed on Wednesday that
Mary T. Barra, chief of G.M., at the unveiling of the Chevrolet Volt last month in Las Vegas.
vice president of Moody’s Invest-
ors Service.
He said G.M. was “doing a
good job of controlling costs,
managing production in line with
retail demand and keeping its
new product pipeline fresh.”
For the year, G.M. reported
revenues of $152.4 billion, com-
pared with $155.9 billion in 2014.
It said the change was mostly re-
lated to the negative impact of
currency exchange rates in some
markets.
The company said results in
Delta Chief, Who Led Airline’s Rebound, Will Retire
By JAD MOUAWAD
Richard Anderson, the outspo-
ken chief executive of Delta Air
Lines, who led the airline’s trans-
formation into one of the world’s
most profitable and well-run car-
riers, will retire in May, the air-
line said on Wednesday.
Mr. Anderson, 60, who will be-
come Delta’s executive chair-
man, will be replaced as chief ex-
ecutive by Ed Bastian, the air-
line’s president.
One of the longest-serving air-
line executives in recent times,
Mr. Anderson took the top job at
Delta in 2007 shortly after the air-
line had emerged from bankrupt-
cy. He orchestrated a merger
with Northwest Airlines the fol-
lowing year, a move that helped
push the rest of the industry to-
ward greater consolidation and
set the template for successful
airline combinations.
Born in Galveston, Tex., and
trained as a lawyer, Mr. Ander-
son has been a vocal champion of
his airline and is known for his
blunt views of the industry.
He led the opposition to the
growth of Middle East carriers in
the United States, a position that
has the support of American Air-
lines and United Airlines but di-
vided the rest of the domestic avi-
ation community. The high-pro-
file campaign has so far failed to
sway the Obama administration
or force a renegotiation of open
skies agreements.
While Delta’s succession plan
was well established, the timing
of the announcement took some
aviation experts by surprise.
“He wrote the book on suc-
cessful airline merger planning
and execution, and on employee
engagement, and Delta’s results
show it,” said Robert W. Mann Jr.,
an airline industry analyst.
the agency had received a recall
filing from Honda. The filing will
be posted on the agency’s web-
site, safercar.gov, as early as
Thursday morning, he said. Hon-
da’s expansion of its recall was
first reported by Automotive
News.
The safety agency announced
a significant expansion of the re-
calls last week, extending it to
two manufacturers, Volkswagen
and Mercedes-Benz, that had not
previously been affected.
That came after N.H.T.S.A. in
November imposed a $70 million
penalty on Takata, a fine that
could increase to $130 million if
Takata does not meet terms of an
agreement with the agency. It
also noted that Takata had pro-
duced testing reports that con-
tained selective or inaccurate
data.
The safety agency has given
Takata up to three years to prove
that the ammonium nitrate inflat-
ers are safe, or face a possible re-
call of all inflaters in cars still on
the road.
Honda has said that no new
Honda or Acura models under
development would be equipped
with front driver or passenger
Takata airbag inflaters. Takata
continues to supply Honda with
North America were the driving
force behind its record perform-
ance.
G.M. said it earned a pretax
profit of $11 billion in the region in
2015. Under the terms of the con-
tract it signed last year with the
United Automobile Workers, the
results translate into profit-shar-
ing checks of as much as $11,000
for each of its 49,000 hourly em-
ployees.
The automaker had varied re-
sults in other global regions, re-
porting pretax losses of about
SHIZUO KAMBAYASHI/ASSOCIATED PRESS
Richard Anderson, right, will step down as chief of Delta Air
Lines, to be replaced by Ed Bastian, left, who is now president.
Delta’s performance in 2015,
for instance, is testimony to how
Mr. Anderson built the airline
into a global powerhouse. Delta
had $4.5 billion in net income last
year, aided by falling oil prices,
and it gave $1.5 billion to employ-
ees under its profit-sharing plan.
Mr. Anderson also helped ce-
ment successful joint-venture
agreements with foreign airlines,
including a North Atlantic part-
nership with Air France KLM
that shares flights, revenues and
costs on certain routes between
the airlines.
In 2012, Delta bought a 49 per-
cent stake in Virgin Atlantic to
challenge the alliance of Ameri-
can Airlines and British Airways
in their backyard at Heathrow
Airport in London.
And at a time of rising oil
prices, Delta made a bold bet to
offset the rising cost of jet fuel: It
bought a refinery in Pennsylva-
nia. At the time, Mr. Anderson
said the investment was a rela-
tively modest one, comparable to
other safety equipment, like seat-
belts.
According to Honda, the ex-
panded recall affects driver-side
aribags in the 2007-11 Honda
CR-V crossover, 2011-15 CR-Z
coupe, 2009-14 Fit subcompact,
2007-14 Ridgeline sport utility
truck, 2010-14 Honda Insight hy-
brid and 2010-14 FCXClarity hy-
drogen fuel-cell models. The re-
call also affects several Acura
luxury models: the 2005-12 Acura
RL, 2007-16 RDX, 2009-14 TL,
2010-13 ZDX and 2013-16 ILX.
Senator Bill Nelson, Democrat
of Florida and the ranking mem-
ber of the Committee on Com-
merce, Science and Transporta-
tion, denounced what he called
“the never-ending flow of piece-
meal recall announcements for
Takata airbags,” which he said
“needs to end.”
He also called on federal reg-
ulators to stop relying on Takata
for information. on what models
and model years should be re-
called. “It is time for N.H.T.S.A.
to get Takata out of this process,”
he said.
He also called for speedier ef-
forts to address a shortage of re-
placement inflaters, saying car
owners “shouldn’t have to wait
months to get their cars fixed.”
GREGORY BULL/ASSOCIATED PRESS
$800 million in Europe and $600
million in South America, and a
pretax profit of $1.4 billion in its
international division that in-
cludes China.
For the fourth quarter of last
year, G.M. said it earned net in-
come of $6.3 billion, which repre-
sented a significant gain over the
$1.1 billion it earned in the fourth
quarter a year earlier.
The company posted revenue
of $39.6 billion in the fourth quar-
ter, which was about the same as
the previous year.
MANUEL BALCE CENETA/ASSOCIATED PRESS
the purchase of a single Boeing
777.
The early completion of the
merger with Northwest, ahead of
United’s complicated merger
with Continental and the more re-
cent merger between American
and US Airways, also allowed
Delta to improve operations be-
fore its main rivals.
As a result, Delta today is an
industry leader in on-time per-
formance. In January, for in-
stance, when much of the East
Coast was buried by an enor-
mous snowstorm, Delta’s per-
centage of flights not canceled, a
measure known as mainline com-
pletion factor, was an industry-
leading 98.7 percent. More than
85 percent of its flights also land-
ed on time.
The company was valued at
$34 billion on Wednesday after
the close of markets.
But Mr. Anderson’s legacy is
also marked by more controver-
sial positions. He has opposed the
extension of financing by the Ex-
BUSINESS BRIEFING
Computer Failure at I.R.S.
May Delay Some Refunds
The Internal Revenue Service
stopped accepting electronically
filed tax returns on Wednesday
because of problems with some of
its computer systems. The error
could affect refunds, but the agen-
cy said it did not anticipate major
disruptions. A hardware failure
forced the shutdown of several
tax-processing systems, including
the e-file system, the I.R.S. said in
a statement. The IRS.gov website
remained available, but Where’s
My Refund and other services
were not working. Some systems
will be out of service at least until
Thursday, the agency said. Tax-
payers can continue to send elec-
tronic returns to companies that
serve as middlemen between tax-
payers and the I.R.S., but those
companies will have to hold on to
the tax returns until the I.R.S. sys-
tems are up and running again.
While the I.R.S. said it was assess-
ing the scope of the failure, it ex-
pected 90 percent of taxpayers
would receive refunds within
three weeks. People who have al-
ready filed don’t need to do any-
thing, the I.R.S. said. (AP)
Service Industries Helped
To Lift Jobs Numbers
Companies in the service industry
grew in January at the slowest
rate in nearly two years, a survey
released on Wednesday said, rais-
ing concern that global economic
challenges may be starting to af-
fect consumers. A separate sur-
vey by the payroll processing firm
ADP showed that companies add-
ed a solid 205,000 jobs last month,
lifted by robust gains in services
and construction. The Institute for
Supply Management said that its
services index fell to 53.5 last
month from 55.8 in December. The
January figure was the lowest
since February 2014. The govern-
ment’s official jobs report for Jan-
uary will be published on Friday.
(AP)
Lowe’s and Rona in Deal
For $2.3 Billion in Cash
Almost four years after being re-
buffed, the home improvement re-
tailer Lowe’s Companies said on
Wednesday that it had reached a
friendly deal to acquire Rona, a
Canadian chain, for 3.2 billion Ca-
nadian dollars ($2.3 billion) in
cash. The acquisition will make
Lowe’s the dominant home im-
provement company in Canada. In
2012, when Lowe’s made a hostile
$1.8 billion offer, both major politi-
cal parties in Quebec, where Rona
is based, stridently opposed the
move. But this time around
Lowe’s announced several steps
to alleviate concerns. It will con-
tinue to operate the stores it is
buying under Rona’s brand
names and Lowe’s Canadian head
office will move to Boucherville,
Quebec. It said that it would retain
the “vast majority” of Rona’s staff
and management. The latest offer
is about double Rona’s closing
price on Tuesday.
IAN AUSTEN and CHAD BRAY
port-Import Bank, arguing it cre-
ated unfair competition, and has
pressed other airline executives
to block the expansion of the Per-
sian Gulf-based carriers in the
United States.
Delta has opposed a move to
privatize part of the nation’s air-
traffic control system, saying the
move carried serious risks and
offered “speculative benefits.”
Disagreements over this issue
was a reason behind Delta’s deci-
sion last year to leave the in-
dustry’s trade group, Airlines for
America.
Mr. Anderson’s planned depar-
ture is the third high-profile move
recently at the top of a United
States airline, after the resigna-
tion last year of Jeffery A. Smisek
at United and the departure of
Ben Baldanza at Spirit Airlines at
the beginning of the year.
Mr. Anderson began his avia-
tion career at Continental Air-
lines in 1987, and was at North-
west Airlines between 1990 and
2004, where he served as chief ex-
ecutive for three years before be-
coming chief of the UnitedHealth
Group.
Mr. Anderson will step down
on May 2, his birthday.
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CO PY R I G H T A N D P R OT E C T E D BY A P P L I C A B L E L AW
“This succession plan has been
several years in the making and
will keep Delta on top of the glo-
bal industry,” said Daniel A.
Carp, Delta’s chairman of the
board.
Among other moves at Delta,
P r e s s R e a d e r. c o m
the airline said Glen Hauenstein,
the company’s executive vice
president, would become presi-
dent.
“Richard has also done a lot to
help improve the airline’s em-
ployee culture, which has helped
keep Delta relatively union-free,”
said Henry Harteveldt, a travel
industry analyst and the founder
of Atmosphere Research Group.

European Privacy Agencies Seek Details on Data Transfer Deal With U.S.
By MARK SCOTT
Europe’s national privacy
agencies demanded more details
on Wednesday about whether the
European Union’s new data
transfer agreement with the
United States would adequately
protect individuals’ personal in-
formation.
The move by the privacy reg-
ulators, which represent individ-
ual countries within the 28-nation
European Union, indicates an un-
willingness to accept the word of
officials in Brussels that they can
adequately safeguard citizens’
personal data.
The group asked the European
Commission, the executive arm
of the European Union, to pro-
vide a fuller explanation of how
safeguards would work and to ex-
plain how Europeans could seek
legal redress in the United States
if they believed their data was
misused.
The primary concern is how
much access American intelli-
gence agencies will have to Euro-
pean citizens’ personal informa-
tion.
Europe’s privacy regulators
set a Feb. 29 deadline for receiv-
ing the new information. If the
regulators then decide that the
new agreement with the United
States does not protect Euro-
peans’ privacy rights, the nation-
al officials would have the power
to investigate — and potentially
Accepting Lower Profile,
Shkreli Appears in Court
By MATTHEW GOLDSTEIN
and ALEXANDRA STEVENSON
Martin Shkreli was back in fed-
eral court on Wednesday, and for
a change the brash New York
businessman, who is facing secu-
rities fraud charges, had little to
say.
Dressed in white chinos and a
navy blazer, Mr. Shkreli sat qui-
etly during a short appearance to
discuss the status of his pending
criminal case. “Yes, judge,” he
said in response to a question
A new lawyer advises
his client to tone it
down on Twitter and
with the news media.
from Judge Kiyo A. Matsumoto of
Federal District Court in Brook-
lyn.
In the future, Mr. Shkreli, who
has frequently posted on Twitter
and appeared in live-stream vid-
eos since his arrest in December,
may be a lot less visible and vo-
cal. Benjamin Brafman, his new
defense lawyer, said he had told
his client to adopt a lower profile
and stop granting interviews to
the news media.
Mr. Brafman said after the
court proceeding that he expect-
ed Mr. Shkreli to largely comply
with his advice to stop talking.
That would also appear to in-
clude a congressional hearing on
Thursday to which Mr. Shkreli
was subpoenaed to discuss the is-
sue of big price increases in the
pharmaceutical industry.
Mr. Brafman said in a phone in-
terview after the hearing that his
S.S. United States, Historic Ocean Liner of Trans-Atlantic Heyday, May Sail Again
By JESSE PESTA
The S.S. United States has just
been tossed a life preserver.
In its 1950s heyday, the historic
ship — the world’s fastest luxury
liner — dashed across the Atlan-
tic carrying royalty and immi-
grants alike to American shores.
But for nearly a half century now
the “Big U,” as the ship is known,
has been docked, collecting bar-
nacles and rust after jet travel
lured away all the customers.
Now, however, there is a
chance the S.S. United States
may sail again, after Crystal
Cruises, a luxury travel company,
signed a purchase option for the
ship. Just months earlier, preser-
vationists almost had to scrap the
Titanic-size vessel as their funds
dwindled.
For Crystal it would be the lat-
est addition to an ambitious and
sometimes unconventional col-
lection of luxury travel offerings
— including excursions by per-
sonal submarine, and plans for a
“cruising in the sky” luxury jum-
bo jet. It could also be among the
most difficult.
A makeover of the ship could
cost from $700 million to $800 mil-
lion, according to Crystal’s chief
executive, Edie Rodriguez, po-
tentially a little less than building
something similar from scratch.
Under terms of the agreement,
the company will cover the ap-
proximately $60,000-a-month
cost of caring for the ship for nine
months while it does a feasibility
fine — companies. And because
the data pact cannot take effect
until all 28 European Union coun-
tries have signed off on it, the
questions raised by the national
data privacy officials could com-
plicate that process.
These uncertainties, legal ex-
perts say, may threaten the new
data transfer deal — known as
the E.U.-U.S. Privacy Shield. The
agreement was reached after
three months of tense negotia-
tions between American and Eu-
ropean Union officials.
“We want to receive the docu-
ments to assess whether the E.U.-
U.S. Privacy Shield can answer
our concerns,” said Isabelle Fal-
que-Pierrotin, France’s privacy
chief, who is chairwoman of a
pan-European body of national
data protection authorities. “We
have to review the consequences
of this arrangement.”
The data transfer pact, intend-
ed to replace a 15-year-old agree-
ment that Europe’s highest court
struck down in October, covers
the trans-Atlantic transmission of
people’s individual data — includ-
ing online search queries, finan-
cial information and employee
records.
Such data is the lifeblood of
modern international business
and digital commerce. Billions of
dollars in trans-Atlantic trade
hang in the balance, for online
companies like Google, Facebook
client would assert his Fifth
Amendment right against self-
incrimination.
The House Committee on
Oversight and Government Re-
form has told Mr. Brafman that
Mr. Shkreli must appear on Capi-
tol Hill to assert his constitutional
right in person.
The committee subpoenaed
Mr. Shkreli to ask him questions
about the decision by Turing
Pharmaceuticals to raise the
price of a decades-old drug by
5,000 percent shortly after the
company that Mr. Shkreli used to
lead acquired the rights to the
drug.
The testimony before the com-
mittee is not expected to touch on
the fraud charges pending
against Mr. Shkreli, which in-
volve an allegation that he looted
another pharmaceutical compa-
ny, Retrophin, to pay back invest-
ors in former hedge funds he
once ran.
In a somewhat related action,
Retrophin, which fired Mr. Shkre-
li as chief executive in 2014,
agreed this week to settle a law-
suit brought by investors who
claimed that the company had
concealed transactions that bene-
fited Mr. Shkreli. In agreeing to
settle the dispute, Retrophin
pledged to pay $3 million to the
investors.
A federal judge in Manhattan
gave preliminary approval to the
settlement on Tuesday and will
hold a hearing on June 10 to de-
cide whether to give the deal final
approval.
The accusations in the investor
lawsuit bear some resemblance
to allegations in the indictment
filed by federal prosecutors in
Brooklyn against Mr. Shkreli. Re-
cently unsealed documents in the
criminal case reveal that pros-
ecutors began investigating Mr.
study.
“It’s not going to be easy,” Ms.
Rodriguez said of the project. But
while one could argue against it
“from an opportunity cost per-
spective,” she noted, “some
things are iconic.”
Crystal will need to figure out
how to renovate a ship built for a
bygone era. A technological mar-
vel of its age, the ship entered
service in 1952 and sailed with
three orchestras on board. It was
also specially designed to be a
fast troop carrier if needed.
The 2,000-passenger Big U,
about as long as the Chrysler
Building is tall, still holds the
record for the fastest crossing of
the Atlantic, which it set on its
1952 inaugural round trip be-
tween New York and Europe. Its
top speed remained a secret for
decades during the Cold War.
More recently, the vessel has
struggled to find a purpose. With
a gift from a Philadelphia philan-
thropist, a conservancy bought
the ship a few years ago from the
cruise operator NCL, which was
close to scrapping it. But fund-
raising has been a struggle, and
late last year the preservationists
themselves had to think seriously
about scrapping their prize.
“The prospect of the ship’s re-
turn to seagoing service was a
dream we’d basically given up on
because of the technological chal-
lenges,” said Susan L. Gibbs, ex-
ecutive director of the S.S. United
States Conservancy, the group
THE NEW YORK TIMES BUSINESS THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 4, 2016
and Amazon, as well as for more
traditional multinationals like the
drug maker Pfizer and the indus-
trial company General Electric.
Ms. Falque-Pierrotin’s group of
privacy regulators said on
Wednesday that the current data
transfer system would remain in
place at least until the end of Feb-
ruary. But the deadline raises
questions of what would happen
if the region’s privacy regulators
could not be reassured that the
Regulators are
skeptical that
safeguards are
rigorous enough.
new Privacy Shield pact provided
sufficient protection of personal
data.
“I am 100 percent sure we re-
ceived concrete assurances from
the Americans,” Vera Jourova,
the European justice commis-
sioner who was in charge of Eu-
rope’s negotiating team, said in
an interview on Wednesday. But,
she conceded, “the current situa-
tion isn’t ideal.”
The main provisions of the Pri-
vacy Shield included written
guarantees by the United States
Martin Shkreli, center, listened as his lawyer, Benjamin Brafman, left, spoke to reporters while leaving court on Wednesday.
Shkreli’s activities at Retrophin
in May 2014, when a grand jury
issued its first subpoena seeking
documents and records. It was
not until October of that year that
Retrophin’s board ousted Mr.
Shkreli.
On Wednesday the court also
heard that Mr. Shkreli is worth a
lot less than he was just a month
ago.
Prosecutors disclosed in court
that the assets in several bro-
A rendering of the proposed redesign of the S.S. United States, whose top speed was kept secret.
that owns the vessel.
But Crystal, which is expand-
ing its lineup of vessels, saw po-
tential, Ms. Rodriguez said. She
and the company’s chairman,
Tan Sri Lim Kok Thay, decided
that it would be a “crime” if the
ship were melted down.
Crystal is owned by Genting
Hong Kong, which holds a stake
in NCL, the ship’s former owner.
Mr. Lim is also Genting’s chief
executive, which makes this his
second experience with the S.S.
United States.
Crystal said it planned to turn
that its national security agen-
cies would not have indiscrimi-
nate access to Europeans’ data
when it is transferred to the Unit-
ed States.
The deal also calls for the cre-
ation of a data privacy ombuds-
man within the State Department
as the first point of contact for
Europeans seeking redress for
privacy complaints. These provi-
sions would be reviewed annu-
ally to ensure that they met Euro-
pean privacy standards
The national data protection
officials, who had a two-day
meeting in Brussels before mak-
ing their announcement on
Wednesday, are far from united
over how the region’s data rules
should work.
Some of them, including Ms.
Falque-Pierrotin in France and
her counterparts in Germany
and Spain, have sent letters to
companies warning them that the
current trans-Atlantic data trans-
fer system is on shaky legal
ground. But others — particular-
ly officials in Britain and Ireland,
where many international com-
panies have headquarters —
have said they favored the cur-
rent data transfer approach.
This divide, legal experts warn,
could lead to some agencies pur-
suing investigations into compa-
nies’ activities, on the behalf of
citizens who believe their data
may have been misused. Others,
kerage accounts at E-Trade that
were posted as security for Mr.
Shkreli’s bail of $5 million have
shrunk considerably. The ac-
counts, which once totaled about
$45 million, are now worth a little
under $5 million.
The bail order requires
E-Trade to notify prosecutors
anytime the value of the assets in
the accounts falls below $5 mil-
lion. If the account value dips fur-
ther, prosecutors said it could
the ship into an 800-passenger
luxury liner that will travel the
world and perhaps even resume
occasional service between New
York and Europe, the classic
route it served along with ships
like the R.M.S. Queen Mary, the
S.S. France and other great liners
of the mid-20th century.
The Queen Mary is now a sta-
tionary hotel in Long Beach,
Calif. The France was renamed
the S.S. Norway, then was
scrapped.
A concept rendering of the S.S.
United States makeover shows a
in contrast, are likely to permit
companies to continue moving
digital information almost unfet-
tered between two of the world’s
largest economies.
“Businesses will want to be
cautious about signing up to Pri-
vacy Shield given the potential
legal challenges,” said Marc
Dautlich, a data protection law-
yer at Pinsent Masons in London.
Wednesday’s developments
are the latest chapter of a bitter
dispute.
On one side are companies and
government agencies in Europe
and the United States that favor
unfettered data transfers.
On the other side are consumer
advocacy groups in Europe,
backed by some national data
protection agencies, who are
skeptical that Europeans’ pri-
vacy rights will be upheld when
their personal data is transmitted
to the United States.
“There’s a big concern about
this agreement,” said Estelle
Massé, a policy analyst at Access
Now, a digital rights advocacy
group in Brussels. “Will it hold up
in court?”
Complicating the issue are se-
curity concerns on both sides of
the Atlantic about the rise of in-
ternational terrorism. American
and European law enforcement
and intelligence agencies do not
want Europe’s tough data pri-
vacy protections to prevent
prompt a reassessment of Mr.
Shkreli’s bail terms.
Much of the decline in the
E-Trade account is a result of the
collapse in the price of shares of
KaloBios Pharmaceuticals, an-
other company that Mr. Shkreli
briefly led, authorities said. The
stock, once valued at more than
$30 a share, is trading at around
$2. KaloBios fired Mr. Shkreli af-
ter he was indicted, and the com-
pany filed for bankruptcy in late
CRYSTAL CRUISES
ship with its signature twin red,
white and blue stacks and the
same number of decks, a spokes-
man said, in contrast with the
top-heavy silhouette of some
modern cruise liners.
The decks, however, are ex-
tended and expanded to accom-
modate rooms with balconies,
something the original design
never had.
Crystal’s interest in refitting
the ship, while quixotic, is not en-
tirely without business logic.
If the ship proves to be sound,
it provides the head start of a hull
N B3
them, when necessary, from gain-
ing access to the online commu-
nications of terrorism suspects,
among others.
This standoff is the result of a
ruling last year by European
judges that local citizens’ digital
data was not sufficiently protect-
ed when transferred to the Unit-
ed States. The judges also de-
manded that Europe’s data pro-
tection authorities take a more
active role in policing how in-
formation leaves their national
borders.
These privacy agencies had set
a Jan. 31 deadline for European
and American negotiators to
agree to a new data transfer pact.
And while the negotiators failed
to reach an agreement by that
deadline, they continued work al-
most around the clock, resulting
in the deal announced on Tues-
day.
Even as they agreed on the
broad outlines of the new accord,
American and European policy
makers knew they still had to fill
in the details. Now, the national
data regulators have given them
a deadline.
Victoria A. Espinel, president
of the Software Alliance, a trade
group in Washington, underlined
the implications the deal could
have.
“Half a trillion dollars of trade
is at stake,” she said. “We still ex-
pect that cool heads will prevail.”
SETH WENIG/ASSOCIATED PRESS
December.
Days before Mr. Shkreli was
arrested, KaloBios raised about
$8 million from a group of invest-
ors in a private placement of
stock. Some of the investors in
that offering, called private in-
vestment in public equity, are su-
ing in United States Bankruptcy
Court for the return of their
money, claiming they were mis-
led by the company and Mr.
Shkreli.
Crystal Cruises may
refit the ship, which
set speed records, into
a luxury travel option.
in place, a potential cost advan-
tage. The ship also happens to be
the rare ocean liner that was built
and flagged in America, which
can make it easier to service
some American routes where for-
eign-flagged vessels can face lim-
itations.
Still, there are big challenges.
It is a steam engine ship, (that’s
the “S.S.” in the name), and the
geriatric equipment would have
to be swapped out. The last time
the ship moved under its own
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power was more than 40 years
ago.
Furthermore, some engineer-
ing areas contain toxic PCBs. It is
a common problem for ships of
the period, but one that means
the Environmental Protection
Agency will take an interest.
P r e s s R e a d e r. c o m
Asked what might kill the deal,
Ms. Rodriquez cited environmen-
tal obstacles that could be raised
by the E.P.A. and gave an exam-
ple familiar to any homeowner. A
budget of $100,000 for an addition,
she said, can balloon to $200,000
“because you couldn’t get per-
mits, because of the foundation.”
That, she said, would be a “show-
stopper.”
B4 N THE NEW YORK TIMES BUSINESS THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 4, 2016
A Liquor License Workaround: Fermented, Not Distilled
By STACY COWLEY
The cocktail menu at Chillbar,
a brunch restaurant in Holly-
wood, Fla., has an extensive se-
lection of drinks incorporating
vodka, rum and tequila, including
the best-selling Empress Chillti-
ni, a martini-like concoction in-
volving elderflower, lychee, basil
and a generous slug of booze.
What all of Chillbar’s drinks lack,
though, are actual distilled spir-
its.
To comply with their beer-and-
wine-only license, the restau-
rant’s owners use wine-based
beverages intended to mimic the
taste of popular liquors. Pro-
duced and sold by Premium
Blend, a small Miami company,
the substitutes come in a range of
strengths — 24, 20, 17 or 14 per-
cent alcohol — to satisfy different
states’ licensing laws.
Bar and restaurant owners are
used to working through a tangle
of regulations, but liquor licens-
ing may be the most Kafkaesque.
Rules vary by state and county,
and costs can be stratospheric,
especially in areas that tightly
limit the supply of licenses, usu-
ally through population-based
quotas. In parts of New Jersey,
among the most expensive
states, the cost of a restaurant
liquor license now tops $2 million.
But when markets get convo-
luted, entrepreneurs get creative.
Around the country, restaura-
teurs and others in the industry
are finding unusual ways to work
around restrictive local laws or
take advantage of their loop-
holes.
In many places, beer and wine
licenses are much less expensive
and easier to obtain than those
that allow hard liquor to be
served. Florida law limits the
supply of full-service liquor li-
censes, and in Broward County,
where Chillbar is, they have a
market value of about $150,000.
Licenses to serve only beer and
wine, however, are unrestricted
in number and cost $392 a year.
Elizabeth Becker, Chillbar’s co-
owner, said that disparity made
the decision easy for her restau-
rant. But some customers cannot
face the prospect of brunch with-
out a Bloody Mary — and for
that, she has Premium Blend’s
Klir Red, which promises to repli-
cate “the clean taste of triple-
distilled vodka” with a wine-
based formula.
“Most people don’t notice,”
said Mrs. Becker, who incorpo-
rates Premium Blend’s formulas
into elaborate cocktails. “If they
ask, I tell them, ‘There’s enough
alcohol in there that you’ll be
Bad Loans Worth Trillions
Haunt Global Economy;
Cleanup May Take Years
From Page A1
losses embedded in bad loans —
and then make up for those
losses by raising fresh capital.
The cleaned-up banks are more
likely to start lending again —
and thus play their part in fueling
the recovery.
But in reality, this approach
can be difficult to carry out. Rec-
ognizing losses on bad loans can
mean pushing corporate borrow-
ers into bankruptcy and house-
holds into foreclosure. Such dis-
ruption can send a chill through
the economy, require unpopular
taxpayer bailouts and have pain-
ful social consequences. And in
some cases, the banks might find
it extremely difficult to raise
fresh capital in the markets.
Even so, the drawback of de-
The biggest source of
worry is China, but it
is far from the only
concern.
laying the cleanup is that the
banks remain wounded and re-
luctant to lend, damping any re-
covery that takes place. Japan,
economists say, waited far too
long after its credit boom of the
1980s to force its banks to recog-
nize huge losses — and the econ-
omy suffered for years after as a
result.
Now many banking experts
are beginning to worry about
China’s bad loans.
Fears that the country’s econ-
omy is slowing have weighed
heavily on global markets in re-
cent months because a weak Chi-
na can drag down growth glob-
ally.
Many of these concerns focus
on China’s banking industry. In
recent years, banks and other fi-
nancial companies in China is-
Frank and Elizabeth Becker, owners of Chillbar in Hollywood, Fla., which serves a range of wine-based cocktails.
fine.’”
Premium Blend, founded 26
years ago by two brothers, has a
full catalog of imitation liquors
sold through distributors in 39
states. The drinks are fermented,
not distilled, which allows them
to be legally classified as wine.
They have a lower alcohol con-
tent than hard spirits, but for cus-
tomers seeking a full-strength
buzz, there’s an easy solution:
double up. Two ounces of Pre-
mium Blend’s 48-proof Candian
Wicket packs about the same
punch as one ounce of a tradition-
al 80-proof bourbon.
The company brings in about
$5 million a year in sales and ca-
ters mostly to small businesses,
said Henry O. Santos, one of the
founders.
“We lose business for two rea-
sons: They go out of business, or
they grow so much that they get
a full license,” he said.
The imitation-liquor market is
tiny, but other vendors are trick-
ling in. Phillip Capriccio, the sec-
ond-generation owner of a whole-
sale liquor business near Los An-
geles, concocted a tequila-like
agave wine a decade ago and be-
sued a tidal wave of new loans
and other credit products, many
of which will not be paid back in
full.
China’s financial sector will
have loans and other financial as-
sets of $30 trillion at the end of
this year, up from $9 trillion sev-
en years ago, said Charlene Chu,
an analyst in Hong Kong for Au-
tonomous Research.
“The world has never seen
credit growth of this magnitude
over a such short time,” she said
in an email. “We believe it has di-
rectly or indirectly impacted
nearly every asset price in the
world, which is why the market is
so jittery about the idea that
credit problems in China could
unravel.”
Headline figures for bad loans
in China most likely do not cap-
ture the size of the problem, ana-
lysts say. In her analysis, Ms.
Chu estimates that at the end of
2016, as much as 22 percent of the
Chinese financial system’s loans
and assets will be “nonperform-
ing,” a banking industry term
used to describe when a borrow-
er has fallen behind on payments
or is stressed in ways that make
full repayment unlikely. In dollar
terms, that works out to $6.6 tril-
lion of troubled loans and assets.
“This estimate really isn’t that
unreasonable,” Ms. Chu said in
the email. “We’ve seen similar
ratios in other countries. What’s
different is the scale, which re-
flects the massive size of China’s
credit boom.” She estimates that
the bad loans could lead to $4.4
trillion of actual losses.
Although there is not enough
official data to come up with a
precise figure for bad loans, other
analysts have come up with esti-
mates of around $5 trillion.
Given the murkiness of the
Chinese financial industry, other
analysts arrive at estimates for a
“baseline” figure for bad loans.
Christopher Balding, an associ-
ate professor at the HSBC School
of Business at Peking University,
said that an analysis of corpora-
tions’ interest payments to Chi-
ENTREPRENEURSHIP
gan stocking it on his shelves. In
2011, his son Nick helped him de-
velop a brand around it and ex-
pand the distribution.
Their company, San Gabriel
Beverage Group, now also makes
wine-based stand-ins for rum,
gin, vodka and whiskey that are
sold at a few thousand restau-
rants. Price is a big selling point.
Most of San Gabriel’s products
wholesale for $7.50 to $8.50 a liter,
on par with what well spirits cost.
“Our usual customers are
small, mom-and-pop restau-
rants,” Nick Capriccio said. “A lot
of them are just trying to keep
their lights on. It’s a product that
lets them compete with the full-
liquor restaurant across the
street.”
There are other ways to
stretch a license’s limits. When
the San Francisco restaurateur
Matt Semmelhack opened TBD
with only a beer and wine license,
he and his bar manager, Timothy
Zohn, created an entire cocktail
list — they called it “the loophole
menu” — intended to exploit
technicalities.
For example, the law allows
bitters. So Mr. Zohn dumped an
nese banks suggested that 8 per-
cent of loans to companies might
be troubled. But Mr. Balding said
it was possible that the bad loan
number for China’s overall finan-
cial system could be higher.
The looming question for the
global economy, however, is how
China might deal with a vast pool
entire ounce of them into his
“Nogroni,” which also included
juniper-infused sherry and ver-
mouth to riff on a drink usually
made with gin and Campari.
(TBD closed because of a fire, but
Mr. Semmelhack plans to reopen
the space in the next few months
Restaurants mixing
cocktails with
wine-based booze
substitutes.
as a new restaurant, Fénix, using
the same license.)
“Loopholes are fun,” Mr. Sem-
melhack said happily.
He is playing with another set
of them at Bon Marché, a brasse-
rie he opened last year. In San
Francisco, a Type 47 liquor li-
cense, which allows restaurants
to sell hard liquor, can be bought
only secondhand and now costs
around $250,000, up from about
$80,000 five years ago. But a Type
of bad debts.
After a previous credit boom in
the 1990s, the Chinese govern-
ment provided financial support
to help clean up the country’s
banks. But the cost of similar in-
terventions today could be daunt-
ingly high given the size of the
latest credit boom. And more im-
RYAN STONE FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
75 license, for brew pubs that
make and sell their own beer on-
site, costs less than $13,000 — and
it permits distilled spirits to be
sold as well.
Mr. Semmelhack insists he is
serious about Bon Marché’s beer-
making operations. He estimates
that the restaurant has spent at
least $200,000 on brewery equip-
ment and $150,000 more on con-
struction. Some other local pubs,
though, do not make even a half-
hearted effort to live up to their
billing. The San Francisco Chron-
icle recently reported that four of
the city’s 17 brew bars had no
house-made beers on tap.
Brewery licenses are a popular
workaround in other states as
well, including New Mexico,
which has given them a protec-
tionist twist.
State-licensed small brewers
are allowed to open up to three
off-site tap rooms. Those tasting
rooms can also sell wine and beer
from other craft makers, pro-
vided that the beverages are all
produced in New Mexico.
“A lot of people are using these
licenses to start little bars,” said
Kyla Rhodes Stoker, a license
Idle machinery in a closed steel plant in Tangshan, China. As
economies slow, aggressive stimulus policies in China and else-
where in recent years have led to a toxic debt hangover.
mediately, rising bad debts could
crimp lending to strong compa-
nies, undermining economic
growth in the process.
“My sense is that the Chinese
policy makers seem like a deer in
the headlights,” Mr. Balding said.
“They really don’t know what to
do.”
In Europe, for instance, some
countries have taken years to
come to grips with their banks’
bad loans.
In some cases, the delay arose
from a reluctance, at least in part,
to force people out of their
homes. Even though Ireland’s
biggest banks suffered huge
losses after the financial crisis,
they held back from forcing
many borrowers who had de-
faulted out of their homes. In re-
cent years, the Irish government
has pursued a widespread plan
that aims to reduce the debt load
broker in Albuquerque. “You
walk in and there’s 50 beers on
tap, all from New Mexico.
There’s a lot of creative things
you can do to stay within the
law.”
Entrepreneurs are pushed into
such contortions by the rising
cost of licenses in many munici-
palities. The strengthening econ-
omy, and consumers’ shift to-
ward spending more on experi-
ences like dining out than on pos-
sessions, have sent prices soar-
ing even in once-sluggish mar-
kets.
In Detroit, a liquor license
could be bought two years ago on
Craigslist for around $20,000. Ken
Karam paid $30,000 for the li-
cense he and his partners used to
open Central Kitchen + Bar last
August. He is now scouting li-
censes for their next venture and
has encountered prices in the
range of $45,000 to $50,000.
In some parts of Michigan, par-
ticularly around Ann Arbor and
Grand Rapids, the supply of li-
censes is nearly nonexistent, ac-
cording to Michael J. Brown, a
lawyer in Lansing who special-
izes in liquor licensing.
“We have several clients who
are desperate,” he said. “It’s
starting to impact people’s ability
to open their restaurants.”
Craig Block, the chief execu-
tive of LiquorLicense.com, a li-
cense sales and consulting firm,
enjoys the challenge of navigat-
ing the market’s ever-changing
rules and obstacles, but he also
sympathizes with his clients.
“Every one of these states has
a particular nuance driving the
engine,” he said. “New Jersey is
out of control. Massachusetts has
its moments. Pennsylvania is
bad. Some of the East Coast is
terrible beyond belief. I don’t
know how you get a return on in-
vestment in many of these in-
stances.”
In San Francisco, Mr. Semmel-
hack sometimes fantasizes about
profiting from the ultimate loop-
hole — one that involves an actu-
al hole.
“There’s an obscure provision
that if you can get from one build-
ing to another without going out-
side, you can use the rights of the
license anywhere you can get in-
side,” he said. AQ, his only res-
taurant with a full liquor license,
is two doors away from the TBD
space, with a coffee shop sand-
wiched between them.
“If we cut a hole in the walls,
the coffee shop could serve booze
if they want to,” he said. “It’s my
pipe dream: Three liquor li-
censes for the price of one.”
PHOTOGRAPHS BY KEVIN FRAYER/GETTY IMAGES
of financially stressed homeown-
ers. Such forbearance appears
not to have weakened the Irish
economy, which has recovered at
a faster rate than those of other
European countries.
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CO PY R I G H T A N D P R OT E C T E D BY A P P L I C A B L E L AW
Still, the perils of waiting too
long are evident in Italy, which in
January announced a proposal to
help banks sell their bad loans.
Some critics of the plan say it re-
sembles a government bailout of
the banks, while other skeptics
P r e s s R e a d e r. c o m
say the banks might not use it be-
cause it appears to be too expen-
sive.
“The big problem in the Italian
system is that they acted very
late,” said Silvia Merler, an affili-
ate fellow at Bruegel, a European
research firm that focuses on
economic issues. “They could
have done something smarter —
and they could have done it earli-
er.”
 THE NEW YORK TIMES, THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 4, 2016
B5 N

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CO PY R I G H T A N D P R OT E C T E D BY A P P L I C A B L E L AW
B6 N THE NEW YORK TIMES BUSINESS THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 4, 2016
Walmart Sues Puerto Rico, Claiming Unfair Tax Burden
From First Business Page
Protection Clause of the United
States Constitution. Walmart
says it was singled out for the tax
increase and is the only entity in
Puerto Rico subject to such a
high tax burden.
Puerto Rico has countered that
Walmart can well afford to pay
the tax and should because of the
profits it reaps on the island.
Both sides of the dispute are
making oral arguments this week
before Judge José Fusté, of the
United States District Court in
San Juan, who agreed to an expe-
dited hearing of the case, at Wal-
mart’s request.
Suppose, the company said in
seeking a quick ruling, that it
pays the tax now but it is later
found to be unconstitutional. Giv-
en Puerto Rico’s perilous finan-
cial situation, the government
will have surely spent the money
by then, or even be bankrupt, the
company posited. Then Walmart
would not be able to get a refund.
The fight is not just playing out
in a courtroom. It has engaged
residents as well, who have a
classic love-hate relationship
with the retailer.
Some love it because it em-
ploys them, sells some of their lo-
cally made products and gives
them access to goods they might
Once Again, China’s Food Needs Drive a Multibillion-Dollar Bid
From First Business Page
Three years ago, the president
of the state-owned foodstuffs con-
glomerate Cofco Corporation —
which bought the agriculture di-
vision of the commodities trader
Noble Group of Hong Kong —
was at a conference in Beijing
showing participants two sets of
PowerPoint slides.
One slide revealed that 30 mil-
lion Chinese were eating West-
ern-style foods at the time. An-
other slide estimated that by
2018, 300 million Chinese would
be consuming Western foods, ac-
cording to Alan C. Middleton, an
assistant professor at the Schul-
ich School of Business at York
University in Toronto, who at-
tended the conference and re-
counted a conversation with Yu
Shubo, Cofco’s president.
China produces nearly one-
third less wheat, corn or other
grains per hectare (2.47 acres)
than the United States, according
to United Nations data. A smaller
portion of its land is arable be-
cause of overcrowding, pollution
and a harsh environment in the
country’s western region.
Even within its farmland, Chi-
na, with its legacy of industrial-
ization, fast growth and lax regu-
latory enforcement, has strug-
gled: In 2014, the authorities said
nearly one-fifth of its arable land
was polluted.
Those factors have spurred
China to rely increasingly on im-
ports, stoking concern among
some officials in Beijing about de-
pendence on foreign supplies of
food.
Still, the timing of the deal was
in ChemChina’s favor. Six
months ago, Syngenta said no to
a $47 billion takeover attempt
from Monsanto, arguing it was
too risky. But things have
changed significantly. Commod-
ities prices have slumped, de-
creasing the chances of a big pay-
day for Syngenta.
When ChemChina offered to
buy Syngenta — but leave
Syngenta’s Swiss headquarters
and management in place — the
answer was an enthusiastic yes.
Under terms of the deal, Chem-
In a Day of Major Swings, Shares Stage a Comeback
By The Associated Press
Stocks staged a rapid come-
back in late-afternoon trading to
close solidly higher on Wednes-
day, helped by a surge in the
price of oil and a decline in the
United States dollar.
Chipotle Mexican Grill fell as
investigation into the E. coli out-
break at its stores widened.
Shares of Yahoo, the troubled In-
ternet company, sank after it an-
nounced layoffs and plans to sell
businesses.
Chipotle fell $13.93, or 3 per-
cent, to $461.74 after the company
said the E. coli outbreak at its
stores hurt sales more than antic-
ipated. Chipotle said it was now
under investigation by federal
regulators over the outbreak.
Yahoo slumped $1.38, or 4.7
percent, to $27.68 after the com-
pany announced late Tuesday it
would cut 1,700 jobs and sell some
of the company’s struggling busi-
nesses.
The Dow Jones industrial aver-
age rose 183.12 points, or 1.1 per-
cent, to 16,336.66. The Standard &
not otherwise find on the island.
Others hate it because, they say,
it crowds out local competition
and disrupts Puerto Rican neigh-
borhoods and daily routines. Wal-
mart has 55 stores in Puerto Rico,
including some operated under
different names, and it employs
almost 15,000 people.
And now that Puerto Rico’s
government is nearly out of cash
and still has a $72 billion debt to
be paid, some are incensed that
Walmart is balking at the tax,
contending that as one of the
largest retailers in the world, it
can well afford to pay. They hoot-
ed at the notion that the tax was a
“death sentence.”
“They have a lot of money,”
said Antonio Hernández Brigno-
ni, 83, wheeling a shopping cart
through a bustling Walmart park-
ing lot in the small city of Hatillo
on a recent day. “Come here at
midnight and you’ll see how
much money they make.”
Midnight, he explained, was
when Walmart’s managers would
be counting the cash in the till.
But the company counters that
the tax rate is “three times the
average effective tax rate that
Walmart’s affiliated companies
pay worldwide,” making it one of
the highest taxes in the world.
Much of the courtroom discus-
sion so far has centered on Puer-
Ren Jianxin, ChemChina’s chairman, at the Syngenta headquarters in Basel, Switzerland.
China will pay $465 a share and a
special dividend of five Swiss
francs, or about $4.90, upon clos-
ing. That would be the equivalent
of 480 francs a share, represent-
ing a 22 percent premium to
Syngenta’s closing price on Tues-
day.
But the deal is not just about
China’s demand for food security.
It is also part of a bigger trend of
Chinese companies, often with
government encouragement,
seeking to take a seat at the table
with global corporate chieftains.
“ChemChina is yet another in a
long line of Chinese companies
which say: ‘We want to be a glo-
bal player,’” said Andy Rothman,
an investment strategist at Mat-
thews Asia, an Asia-focused asset
manager in the United States.
Syngenta will remain mostly
independent and continue to be
run by its existing management,
according to terms of the deal,
which requires at least two-thirds
of Syngenta’s shareholders to
agree to sell their stock to Chem-
China.
STOCKS & BONDS
Poor’s 500-stock index rose 9.50
points, or 0.5 percent, to 1,912.53,
and the Nasdaq composite fell
12.71 points, or 0.3 percent, to
4,504.24.
It was a day of major swings.
The Dow was down nearly 200
Analysts cite a decline
in the value of the
dollar against other
major currencies.
points early in the day. Major in-
dustries that were deep in the
red, like energy and financials,
were able to recover almost all
the ground they lost. Energy
stocks ended up nearly 4 percent.
The gains can be largely attrib-
uted to a decline in the value of
the dollar against the major other
currencies. The United States
to Rico’s finances, with Judge
Fusté expressing frustration over
the government’s failure to
produce audited financial state-
ments for 2014 and 2015. Mem-
bers of Congress have made
much the same complaint in
hearings on how to help Puerto
Rico unwind its debts.
On Wednesday, Melba Acosta
Febo, president of Puerto Rico’s
Government Development Bank,
offered testimony on the island’s
financial problems and warned
that they were worsening.
In making its case for a quick
ruling, Walmart noted in court fil-
ings that Puerto Rico has been
unable to pay much smaller tax
refunds, due to individual taxpay-
ers, since 2014. It also cited a 2010
tax case in which the Supreme
Court of Puerto Rico found an-
other tax unlawful, but did not or-
der a refund “because of the diffi-
cult state of the public finances in
our country.”
“There is no doubt that the sit-
uation is complex and demands
judicial creativity,” the court said.
Puerto Rico’s finances have be-
come even more grim since that
ruling, and last year the govern-
ment issued a five-year plan of
economic reforms intended to re-
assure creditors that it was going
to bring its budget into balance
and spur business investment
“The easiest way to say it is
that Syngenta will remain
Syngenta,” Michel Demaré,
Syngenta’s chairman, said in a
video on the company’s website.
The deal also comes as Beijing
grapples with its long-held resist-
ance to genetically modified
crops. China does not generally
allow the growth of genetically
modified crops for human con-
sumption, though its farmers and
processors use them for oils and
animal feed. Genetically modified
crops face widespread public
skepticism in a country where
food quality is a constant fear.
Chinese leaders have nonethe-
less taken steps to nurture a
homegrown genetically modified
crop industry. Two years ago,
China also began to make public
efforts to ease that skepticism —
a function of a time when it may
need G.M.O. crops to feed its
growing population.
The country has also been
seeking resources deals, and con-
sistently tops the rankings when
it comes to buying companies in
dollar index, which tracks the
dollar against other major cur-
rencies, fell 1.7 percent, a large
move for the foreign exchange
market. Nearly all that decline
happened in the last two hours of
trading.
Many United States companies
have been complaining that the
appreciation of the dollar was
eroding their earnings by making
American exports less profitable.
But a weaker dollar also tends
to send commodity prices higher,
which was a relief to investors as
well because a plunge in the price
of crude oil has been decimating
profits at energy companies.
“An unusually weak U.S. dollar
provided a key impetus to to-
day’s rally,” Jim Ritterbusch, an
oil analyst with Ritterbusch and
Associates, wrote in a note to in-
vestors.
The price of American crude oil
rose $2.40, or 8 percent, to close
at $32.28 a barrel, which helped
lift energy stocks.
Despite the gains on Wednes-
day, investors remain skeptical of
and growth. Walmart is not dis-
puting the need for economic re-
forms, but argues that the new
tax runs counter to the goals.
To keep the proceedings mov-
ing quickly, Judge Fusté began
hearing two issues simultaneous-
ly this week: whether his court
has jurisdiction and whether the
tax is constitutional. Puerto Rico
says the case does not belong in
federal court and is seeking to
have it moved to a court of the
commonwealth.
The tax at issue was signed
into law last year, amending a
previous corporate alternative
minimum tax.
Like the federal version, Puer-
to Rico’s alternative minimum
tax is payable whenever it ex-
ceeds the taxpayer’s “regular”
income tax. In other words, taxes
are calculated both ways and the
company pays the higher
amount.
While Walmart said it believed
that even the previous rate of 2
percent was discriminatory, it
had not affected Walmart since
the alternative tax had generally
been lower than regular income
tax. But the increase has changed
that calculation.
Puerto Rico said it based the
tax on the same mechanism that
the federal government uses for
its alternative minimum tax.
ARND WIEGMANN/REUTERS
commodities and agribusiness.
For its part, ChemChina has
been active buying up other com-
panies. It has engaged in more
than a half-dozen acquisitions of
companies in Europe, the Middle
East and Australia.
It recently took a minority
stake in Mercuria, a Swiss ener-
gy and commodities company, in
a move to diversify its portfolio
and expand into the energy sec-
tor.
Last year, ChemChina bought
Pirelli, the Italian tire maker, for
7.1 billion euros, or about $7.7 bil-
lion. And just last month it sealed
a deal for KraussMaffei, a Ger-
man manufacturer of plastic- and
rubber-processing machinery, for
about $1 billion.
“The discussions between our
two companies have been friend-
ly, constructive and cooperative,
and we are delighted that this
collaboration has led to the
agreement announced today,”
Ren Jianxin, ChemChina’s chair-
man, said of Wednesday’s deal.
“We will continue to work along-
this market. They are still putting
money into traditional safe ha-
vens: stocks that pay high divi-
dends, United States government
bonds and precious metals. The
Dow Jones utility index, a basket
of 15 utility companies, rose 1.3
percent and is up more than 8
percent this year.
The 10-year Treasury note
dropped 9/32 to 1039/32, and its
yield rose to 1.88 percent, from
1.85 percent on Wednesday.
“I’ve been telling clients to be
in all cash,” said Ian Winer, co-
head of equities trading at Wed-
bush Securities. “There’s too
much credit risk out there, S.&P.
500 earnings could be down this
year and it seems an increasing
possibility that the U.S. could be
in a recession in 2017.”
In other company news, wear-
able camera maker GoPro re-
ported a surprise fourth-quarter
loss and forecast sales well below
Wall Street expectations, sending
its stock tumbling about 8 per-
cent in extended trading. Shares
have dropped 41 percent since
Reasoning that a larger com-
pany with more transactions
would have more ability to game
the numbers, Puerto Rico’s law-
makers imposed higher rates on
the biggest companies. The high-
est, 6.5 percent, applies only to
businesses on the island with rev-
enues of more than $2.75 billion.
Walmart argues that it appears
to be the only one meeting that
description.
It also said it appeared that
Puerto Rico’s lawmakers were
playing Robin Hood when they
pushed Walmart’s tax rate sky-
ward. It quoted the House Speak-
er, Jaime Perelló Borrás, as tell-
ing fellow lawmakers that by tax-
ing Walmart more, they were
able to tax Puerto Rico’s home-
grown businesses less. That
meant the tax was discrimina-
tory, Walmart said.
Rómulo Soto, a shopper in
Hatillo, said he liked Walmart be-
cause of its vast offerings and he
said he would be sorry if it closed.
But he was unpersuaded by its
complaints about being singled
out unfairly for a high tax rate.
“They are selling more, so they
should pay more taxes,” he said.
“Right now, all the money that
they generate here just goes back
to the States. If they pay more
taxes here, it’s going to help our
whole society.”
side the management and em-
ployees of Syngenta to maintain
the company’s leading compet-
itive edge in the global agricul-
tural technology field.”
Syngenta, based in Basel,
Switzerland, is one of the world’s
largest producers of agricultural
chemicals, including insecticides,
fungicides, herbicides and seeds.
The company reported sales of
$13.4 billion in 2015 and employs
more than 28,000 people in over
90 countries.
It was created in November
2000 by the merger of the agri-
businesses of Novartis and As-
traZeneca.
The ChemChina deal is likely
to face significant regulatory
scrutiny, particularly in Europe
and the United States. Some ob-
servers expressed skepticism
that it would take place at all.
Under the plan, four of Syngen-
ta’s existing directors would be
part of its new 10-member board,
and ChemChina said it would
seek to publicly list a minority
stake in Syngenta down the road.
The question remains whether
regulators will block the deal,
particularly in the United States.
North America accounted for
about 27 percent of Syngenta’s
sales in 2015.
Because of Syngenta’s pres-
ence in America, the Committee
on Foreign Investments in the
United States, a government pan-
el that reviews takeovers by for-
eign buyers, will probably take a
close look at the transaction.
The committee raised “unfore-
seen concerns” in October about
a similar deal in which Philips,
the Dutch electronics giant,
would sell a controlling stake in
its automotive and LED compo-
nents business to GO Scale Cap-
ital, an investment fund spon-
sored by GSR Ventures of China
and Oak Investment Partners.
“ChemChina and Syngenta are
highly complementary business-
es with relatively limited over-
laps in products,” Mr. Ren, the
ChemChina chairman, said in a
video. “We will work closely with
all of the regulatory agencies in-
volved, and we are confident that
we will receive regulatory ap-
proval.”
The Dow Minute by Minute
Position of the Dow Jones industrial average at 1-minute intervals on
Wednesday.
10 a.m. Noon
Source: Reuters
the beginning of the year and 80
percent in the past 12 months.
Yum Brands, parent of KFC
and Pizza Hut, reported mixed
quarterly results for its troubled
China unit, which the company is
spinning off. Shares closed down
a fraction of a percent. Sales were
up 6 percent at established KFC
restaurants in China, while Pizza
Hut sales fell 8 percent.
In individual currencies, the
euro rose against the dollar to
$1.1101, the dollar fell against the
Japanese yen to 117.85 yen, and
Wells Fargo
Will Pay
To Settle
U.S. Claims
By LIZ MOYER
Wells Fargo has agreed to pay
$1.2 billion to put to rest claims
that it engaged in reckless lend-
ing under a Federal Housing Ad-
ministration program that left a
government insurance fund to
clean up the mess.
The bank, which is the nation’s
largest mortgage lender, has
been in talks with the govern-
ment since 2012 over accusations
that it improperly classified some
F.H.A. loans as qualifying for fed-
eral insurance when they did not,
and that it knew of the misclassi-
fication but failed to inform hous-
ing regulators about the deficien-
cies before filing insurance
claims.
Wells Fargo, based in San
Francisco, had been a holdout
among large lenders. Citigroup,
Bank of America and JPMorgan
Chase all previously settled simi-
lar claims.
The settlement means Wells
Fargo has to reduce 2015 profit by
$134 million to account for the ex-
tra legal expense.
Wells Fargo said in a securities
filing on Wednesday that it had
reached an agreement in princi-
ple with the Department of Jus-
tice and the United States at-
torney’s offices for the Southern
District of New York and the
Northern District of California, as
well as the Department of Hous-
ing and Urban Development. The
claims were civil and focused on
Wells Fargo’s lending under the
F.H.A. program from 2001 to 2010.
When he filed the lawsuit in
2012, Preet Bharara, the United
States attorney for the Southern
District of New York, said that
Wells Fargo had engaged in a
A $1.2 billion penalty
over reckless lending
under a federal
housing program.
“reckless trifecta” of poor train-
ing, deficient loan underwriting
and poor disclosure in the gov-
ernment-backed loan program.
It was one of several lawsuits
brought after the financial crisis
that accused banks of shoddy
lending practices. F.H.A.-backed
loans are typically made to first-
time home buyers and those with
lower incomes.
Wells Fargo denied the claims
at the time, and settlement talks
have broken down before. In the
filing on Wednesday, Wells Fargo
said that although both sides
reached the agreement, “there
can be no assurance that the
company and the federal govern-
ment will agree on the final docu-
mentation of the settlement.”
Regulators have contended
that the bank should not have re-
ceived the insurance proceeds af-
ter some of the loans soured. The
agreement also includes other
potential civil claims relating to
F.H.A. lending for other periods,
Wells Fargo said.
The settlement will increase
the bank’s expenses for last year
by $200 million, forcing it to re-
state 2015 net income by $134 mil-
lion, or 3 cents a share, to $22.9
billion.
16,400
16,300
16,200
16,100
Previous close
16,153.54
16,000
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2 p.m. 4 p.m.
THE NEW YORK TIMES
the dollar fell against the British
pound to $1.4598.
In other energy commodities,
heating oil rose 6.8 cents, to
P r e s s R e a d e r. c o m
$1.0786 a gallon, wholesale gaso-
line rose 1.3 cents, to $1.014 a gal-
lon, and natural gas rose 1.3
cents, to $2.038 per thousand cu-
bic feet.
In metals, gold rose $14.00, or
1.2 percent, to $1,141.30 an ounce,
silver increased 45 cents, or 3
percent, to $14.73 an ounce and
copper rose 4 cents, or 2 percent,
to $2.095 a pound.

How to Watch the Super Bowl Without Cable
By BRIAN X. CHEN
HIS Super Bowl weekend, you
T
can focus on making nachos
and Buffalo wings and worry
less about how to watch the big
game. There will be more methods and
devices than ever before to watch the
Broncos and Panthers without cable —
all headache-free, no sketchy work-
arounds required.
CBS, the network that is broadcasting
this year’s big game, will stream the Su-
per Bowl free through apps on a broad-
er set of devices than in the past. Own-
ers of Roku’s set-top boxes, Apple TV,
Google’s Chromecast, Microsoft’s Xbox
One and Amazon’s Fire box can down-
load the free CBS Sports or National
Football League apps and watch the Su-
per Bowl with no login credentials re-
quired, the company said.
“For us, our goal is to expose the
game to the largest audience possible
for the Super Bowl,” said Jeffrey Gerttu-
la, a senior vice president of CBS Sports
Digital, in an interview. That, of course,
translates into maximizing the number
of eyeballs on the lucrative TV ads that
play during the Super Bowl, which have
sold for a record $5 million for 30 sec-
onds of ad time.
This year’s Super Bowl, the 50th, will
be the second that CBS has streamed
free, though it will be the first time its
streaming apps play the commercials
Email: brian.chen@nytimes.com;
Twitter: @bxchen
An Expanding Universe of Space Apps
By KIT EATON
ROM the reusable rockets by
F SpaceX to the stunning photos of
dim and distant Pluto, space is
all over the news. While becom-
ing an astronaut is out of reach for most
of us, there are plenty of apps that can
take your mind on a journey to the final
frontier.
Start with the official NASA app, which
is easy to navigate and is free on iOS
and Android, and for Amazon Fire de-
vices. The app features photos and vid-
eos, news about current missions,
NASA tweets and more.
Using your location on Earth, the app
can even calculate when you’ll next be
able to spot the International Space Sta-
tion. My favorite feature is the live vid-
eo feed from the station itself: There’s
something humbling and uplifting about
seeing our planet from that vantage
point in real time.
The NASA app is educational, and it’s
both fun and enlightening to browse
through the news and recent images
from NASA’s many missions.
Although the app is inherently tech-
nology-focused, the interface and con-
trols seem slightly old-fashioned. Still,
exploring the NASA app is more likely
to enrich your brain than playing a
round of Angry Birds Space.
SPACE IMAGES (free on iOS and An-
droid) offers a different way to learn
about space. Coming from NASA’s
famed Jet Propulsion Laboratory, this
app catalogs recent images of planets,
moons, asteroids and other features of
the cosmos, captured by NASA-affiliat-
ed space programs.
The app has easy-to-use, icon-based
navigation, and you can sort by either
the top-rated images or the latest pho-
tos from NASA, like those still arriving
from the Dawn spacecraft’s mission to
Pluto. You can zoom in to explore the
THE NEW YORK TIMES BUSINESS THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 4, 2016
while they are shown on television, Mr.
Gerttula added.
That the Super Bowl is so easily
streamable should only accelerate the
consumer revolt against big cable. The
research firm eMarketer estimated that
last year about five million American
households that once paid for TV no
longer did, up about 10.9 percent from
the previous year. The firm estimated
that by 2018, one in five American
households will not subscribe to cable
or satellite TV.
That’s no surprise because the avail-
ability of digital content keeps expand-
ing for cord cutters. Last year, there
was an explosion of options offering the
ability to watch programming from
HBO, Showtime and Nickelodeon,
among others, without a cable subscrip-
tion. In addition, digital streaming serv-
ices like Netflix and Amazon have been
investing heavily in original content like
“Jessica Jones,” “Daredevil” and “The
Man in the High Castle.”
When it comes to the Super Bowl,
streaming the game is the simplest way
to go if you are not going to watch it on
cable. (In my recent testing of a group
of streaming devices, my favorites were
the new Apple TV and Roku.) But there
will be some restrictions to streaming
the game free. International fans cannot
stream the game without a subscription
to N.F.L. Game Pass, a $99-a-year video
service for watching football games, ac-
cording to the N.F.L. And if your Inter-
net connection is slow, expect some
irate party guests when the video sput-
images in greater detail, and explana-
tions about the photos are available
with just a tap or two.
This app is science-forward, meaning
it requires some concentration. It won’t
appeal to everyone, and children using
the app may need an adult to explain
some of the material.
While the NASA apps offer interest-
ing photos of our planet snapped from
space, for a truly 21st-century space im-
age experience check out EO SCIENCE 2.0
AR from the European Space Agency
(free on iOS and Android). To use it, you
first print out a special image and lay it
on a surface in front of you. Then you
launch the app, click start and point
your smartphone’s camera at the print-
out.
The app then shows you a 3-D aug-
mented reality image of Earth spinning
over the printout. You can move your
phone to look around or zoom in on the
image. Tapping on Earth changes the
image to show different maps incorpo-
rating data obtained from space, includ-
PERSONAL TECH
TECH FIX
ters or the picture quality degrades.
Fret not, brave cord-cutter. I tested
several other options, including digital
antennas and the Slingbox, a device
that can connect to a friend or family
member’s cable box to watch the game
on a streaming device. The antennas
were simple to set up, and the picture
quality was excellent. The Slingbox was
a bit rougher to set up and will not be an
ideal method for watching the Super
Bowl, but is a useful device to keep in
Easy, legal and sometimes
even free ways to stream
the big game.
your back pocket if you are often abroad
and don’t want to miss out on live na-
tional sports.
For antennas, I tested the $40 Clear-
Stream Eclipse (the top antenna pick by
The Wirecutter, the product recommen-
dations website) and the $100 Clear-
Stream 2V (on sale now for $90), both
made by the company Antennas Direct.
The Eclipse, designed for indoor use,
has a paper-thin antenna with a sticky
side to tack it to a wall. The 2V, for in-
door and outdoor use, is a bulky anten-
na that looks like two rings stapled to a
cage. Both antennas take a few minutes
to set up: You screw the cord into the
APP SMART
From left, EO Science 2.0 AR, with imagery from the European Space Agen-
cy; the Pro version of Night Sky, which lets you stargaze by holding your
phone up to the sky; and the NASA app, which has a trove of space content.
ing height and depth, land cover, and
ocean chlorophyll concentrations.
EO Science 2.0 AR won’t keep you oc-
cupied for long: While it’s visually at-
tractive, it doesn’t contain much real
science or explanation — you’ll have to
search online for that information to
better understand the maps. But the
app is a lot of fun and will excite young-
er users.
For a completely different way to
keep up with the latest news from orbit,
take a look at SPACE, ASTRONOMY AND
NASA NEWS from Newsfusion, which is
free on iOS and Android. The app aggre-
gates news stories from a long list of
online sources and covers NASA and
European Space Agency news as well
as breakthroughs in space science. Its
interface has big, bold images and uses
simple taps and swipes to navigate. You
can even choose filters to see only the
space news that’s relevant to your inter-
MINH UONG/THE NEW YORK TIMES
antenna input on the back of the televi-
sion, then figure out where to place the
antennas for the best signal.
I preferred the Eclipse for its strong
signal and its sleek design, which helps
make it less noticeable in a living room.
The trickiest part was figuring out
where to point the antenna to get a clear
signal for CBS. The website antenna-
point.com indicated that 24 digital TV
transmitters were within 60 miles of my
ZIP code and the nearest CBS station
was about three miles from my home.
After some experimentation, I found
that sticking the antenna to a wall
around the corner from my television
pulled the clearest signal from CBS. I
got about 40 channels, including ABC,
various home shopping channels and a
station that plays only Korean pop mu-
sic videos.
Consumers will have to do their
homework before buying an antenna by
looking up their proximity to nearby
transmitters. Antennas Direct says that
with an outdoor antenna like the 2V,
you’ll probably get poor reception if
you’re more than 70 miles from trans-
mitters. For indoors antennas like the
Eclipse, 35 miles is outside the comfort
zone.
If you are reasonably close to TV
transmitters, the benefits of an antenna
make the technology a sound invest-
ment. It’s cheap, for one, and when you
get a clear signal, the high-definition
channels can look even better than digi-
tal cable because the image you get with
an antenna is raw video broadcast over
ests.
And remember that winter nights can
be perfect for exploring space using
nothing more than your own eyes, if the
weather is cooperative and skies are
clear. To help you understand what
you’re seeing up there, check out my
new favorite astronomy app: NIGHT SKY.
Billing itself as “your own personal
planetarium,” Night Sky acts like a vir-
tual reality guide to what you can see in
the sky above you: When you hold your
phone up it shows a view of the stars as
seen from your location. It also contains
news about coming stargazing events.
The app’s detailed weather forecast-
ing section predicts naked-eye star
viewing conditions for the week ahead.
And if you pay to upgrade to the pro
version, the app offers even more fea-
tures, including very detailed informa-
tion about galaxies, planets, constella-
tions, stars and satellites, all displayed
N B7
the air, unlike the compressed video
sent over digital cable.
“When you’re getting the raw video,
it might be double or triple the quality of
satellite or cable,” said Richard Schnei-
der, the founder of Antennas Direct, in
an interview. “It’s a much more detailed
picture than what you’d get through
paid TV.”
Antennas and free online streaming
of the Super Bowl aren’t viable options
for international fans, but the Slingbox
is one workaround. If you have friends
or family members with a cable sub-
scription, you can hook a Slingbox up to
the back of their cable box.
The Slingbox pulls in whatever is
playing on the cable box, and you can
watch the video live on a web browser
or on a device that supports the Sling-
player app, like Apple and Android mo-
bile devices, Roku boxes, Chromecast
or Amazon’s Fire TV. The Slingplayer
apps also have a remote control, allow-
ing you to change the channel on the ca-
ble box.
I plugged a Slingbox M2 ($200) into a
cable box and had a rough time getting
the remote control to work inside the
Slingplayer app. Still, as long as the ca-
ble box is set to CBS, the Slingbox is an
easy method for tuning in to the game
from abroad.
“Slingbox works anywhere in the
world,” said Mark Vena, a Sling Media
executive. “You have a right to use it
wherever you are” as long as you or
your family members are already pay-
ing for cable, he added.
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in an attractive, image-heavy interface.
NIGHT SKY LITE is free on iOS and An-
droid, but is limited in its features. The
more complete versions cost $1 and up.
Have fun traveling to infinity and be-
yond from the comfort of your armchair.
P r e s s R e a d e r. c o m
Quick Call
Microsoft has a new, free iOS app in-
tended to deliver news that’s relevant to
your professional interests. The app,
NEWS PRO, connects to your LinkedIn
and Facebook pages to learn about your
work, then chooses news stories for you
from various online sources. Released
late last month, the app may be a bit
buggy, but it’s an interesting way to
consume news.
B8 N THE NEW YORK TIMES BUSINESS THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 4, 2016
Is Dropbox Up or Down? At This Point, It’s Hard to Say
From First Business Page
So what’s really going on at Drop-
box? Is it thriving or dying?
Neither one, yet. When you look in-
side the company, you find something
that defies Silicon Valley’s typical
straight-up or straight-down narrative:
a complicated story of incremental and
potentially accelerating success, but
one clouded by outsize dreams of yes-
teryear.
It’s a fate that other Silicon Valley
start-ups may be facing, especially with
the dip in public and private markets for
funding tech ventures. Dropbox’s prob-
lems have less to do with the strength of
its current business than with a delay,
so far, in realizing the towering expecta-
tions that once surrounded the compa-
ny. The start-up is like the college bas-
ketball star who manages to turn pro
but is still regarded with doubt because
everyone has now realized he might
never be the next LeBron James. What
happens to a company once thought to
be worth $10 billion when it turns out to
be worth only $5 billion, or $2 billion?
According to Dropbox’s executives,
nothing too terrible — it can just wait
out the market freeze and perhaps grow
into its $10 billion valuation. In other
words, Dropbox can keep working and
may yet turn into LeBron.
“Sentiment about companies goes
in cycles,” Drew Houston, Dropbox’s co-
founder and chief executive, told me in
an email. “Google, Apple, Facebook all
went through multiple rounds of this.
First, you can do no wrong, then you
can do no right. Then people are like,
‘Actually this is a pretty good company,’
and around it goes. So you have to ig-
nore the noise and stay focused on
building great products and making
customers happy. The rest will take
care of itself.”
At the moment, executives said,
Dropbox isn’t in any urgent danger. If it
were running out of money, it might be
forced to raise funds at a lower value
than its previous one — a dreaded
“down round” — but executives and
board members said the company had
plenty of money in the bank and was
generating enough from operations to
fund an expansion into new products
and services.
Email: farhad.manjoo@nytimes.com;
Twitter: @fmanjoo
Retrieving Texts
From iMessage
Q. I switched my number from an iPhone
to a new Android phone, but I’m not get-
ting my text messages now. Why?
A. If you did not turn off Apple’s iMes-
sage service on your old iPhone, your
text messages are probably still going to
your previous handset. If you still have
the iPhone, start it up and open the Set-
tings icon on the home screen. Select
Personal Tech invites questions about
computer-based technology to techtip
@nytimes.com. This column will answer
questions of general interest, but letters
cannot be answered individually.
Under Pressure, Redstone Resigns as CBS Executive Chairman
From First Business Page
prising considering his unique popular-
ity within both the investment commu-
nity and the industry,” said Brian Wies-
er, a media analyst with Pivotal Re-
search. “For Redstone-controlled Via-
com the news is arguably more mean-
ingful. Investors have been understand-
ably disappointed in the company, and
have been generally more disappointed
in management in recent periods.”
The moves close a chapter in the
long reign of Mr. Redstone atop one of
the world’s biggest entertainment con-
glomerates. He won control of Viacom
in 1987, took over CBS in 2000 and pre-
sided over both through National
Amusements, the private theater chain
company started by his father. Tena-
cious and combative in his prime, he
was known for monitoring quarter-
point fluctuations in Viacom’s stock, has
feuded with his daughter and son, and
set up a complicated trust arrangement
for National Amusements that has cre-
ated a complex path to succession plan-
ning at the two companies.
Investors and analysts have raised
questions in recent months about his
health and whether he should continue
as executive chairman of the two com-
panies. A lawsuit filed in November by a
former companion challenged his men-
tal capacity and depicted him as a “liv-
ing ghost.”
Mr. Redstone continues to control
about 80 percent of the voting stock in
the two companies through National
Amusements. Viacom and CBS, which
used to be one company, formally split
in 2006. Mr. Redstone did not release a
public statement on Wednesday.
Mr. Redstone often said he would
live forever and never publicly unveiled
Other points of view
on the Op-Ed page
seven days a week.
The New York Times
“Sentiment about companies goes in cycles,” said Drew Houston, Dropbox’s co-founder and chief executive.
Other numbers are also promising,
they said. More than 400 million people
use the company’s service — a place to
keep documents online, so they can eas-
ily be shared and synchronized among
different people and different comput-
ers — and the service is adding 10 mil-
lion users a month. Dropbox also has
150,000 business customers, who pay
annual fees of about $150 for each em-
ployee, and those ranks are growing by
about 25,000 businesses a quarter.
Insiders declined to specify Drop-
box’s revenue and growth rate, other
than to say there had been increases
since its last funding round, when the
company’s annual revenue was report-
ed to be $400 million.
Executives also said employee re-
tention and hiring have not been hurt by
the recent news. I asked several tech re-
cruiters if they had noticed a diminished
interest in working for Dropbox; none
had. In the last year, Dropbox has hired
from Facebook, Google, Microsoft and
Messages and then turn off the button
for iMessage.
Once you have disabled iMessage,
go back to the iOS Settings and select
FaceTime. Turn off the FaceTime serv-
ice as well. (If you were able to use the
same SIM card between the phones, pop
it back into the iPhone temporarily while
you turn off iMessage and FaceTime be-
fore returning it to the new phone.)
Next, have someone send you a text
message to test if it will now arrive on
your Android phone.
If you no longer have the iPhone or
the device is inoperable, you can go to
Apple’s website and deregister your
phone number from the iMessage serv-
ice. Go to tinyurl.com/nz7dh84, enter
your phone number and wait for the six-
digit code from Apple to confirm the sep-
detailed succession plans for the two
public companies. Rather than clarify
the situation, the rare statements he
made about the future leadership of the
two companies often fueled more spec-
ulation and uncertainty, setting the
stage for what many analysts expect to
be a fierce and litigious struggle for
power.
Most recently, after new reports in
May stated that Ms. Redstone was in
line to take over for her father as chair-
man of CBS and Viacom, Mr. Redstone
released a statement through a lawyer
that decisions about who would succeed
him would be made “by the boards of
the respective companies and not by
any individual.”
“Despite press reports to the con-
trary, such decisions have not yet been
made,” Mr. Redstone’s statement said.
The executives who prevail will set
the agenda at two of the world’s largest
entertainment companies as they try to
position themselves for a digital future.
Media bankers and analysts also are
preparing for CBS and Viacom to be in-
volved in a new a wave of deal activity
that could reshape the media landscape
in the months and years to come.
“Thinking about what this change
for CBS and Viacom could mean for the
broader media landscape, we believe
that changes for the Redstone-con-
trolled empires could be the trigger for
media company consolidation as each
company will be forced to figure out if
they are a buyer or seller in the coming
months,” Michael Nathanson, an ana-
lyst with MoffettNathanson, said in a re-
search note.
While some media bankers have
speculated that Mr. Redstone’s death
would make way for Viacom and CBS to
reunite, Mr. Moonves is said to not sup-
port that idea, according to people
briefed on his thinking.
The battle for Mr. Redstone’s em-
pire has featured Shakespearean twists
and turns. There was the divorce from
his wife of 52 years, a second marriage
and a string of girlfriends, and bitter
public disputes with his children. More
PERSONAL TECH
Twitter.
“Dropbox is growing on the same
trajectory as the best software-as-a-
service companies ever — like LinkedIn
or Salesforce,” said Bryan Schreier, a
Dropbox board member and a partner
at the investment firm Sequoia Capital,
which has invested in the company. “I
don’t know how we couldn’t be thrilled
with that kind of performance.”
But if Dropbox can still thrill its
backers, it has also accumulated a
chorus of skeptics. The company is one
of several looking to ride two tidal
waves now sweeping the business
world — the trend toward business soft-
ware that doesn’t stink, known as the
“consumerization of information tech-
nology,” and the rising willingness of
companies to store their most precious
data on online servers, or in the cloud.
Dropbox’s issue is that its products
for business customers are relatively
new compared with those of its rival
Box, which was founded before Drop-
TECH TIPS
aration from iMessage.
Create a Website
For a Closer Circle
Q. If I wanted to set up my own website
where I can upload pictures and videos
for my family and friends to see, where
would I start? Obviously, I am not talking
about a YouTube account, but something
like a site with my own name. Is there an
easy way to do this?
A. Creating your own website is a fairly
streamlined process and you do not need
a lot of technical prowess to get it up and
running. You do need to get an available
domain name for your future site, but
recently, the lawsuit challenging his
mental capacity has put forth embar-
rassing claims about his physical condi-
tion, his sexual appetite and what it por-
trays as the “ineffable tragic mental col-
lapse of a great man who enjoyed stu-
pendous business success and fame.”
Operating underneath him at his
companies were richly paid executives
at the top of the two companies, each
making alliances and angling to secure
their positions for the long term even as
the entertainment industry faced
sweeping change. Mr. Redstone’s
prized companies have faced turmoil of
their own; share prices have plunged
The lack of a succession
plan sets the stage for a
struggle for power.
about 30 percent at Viacom and 15 per-
cent at CBS over the last year.
Another consideration in the suc-
cession planning was the employment
contracts of Mr. Moonves and Mr. Dau-
man, both of whom have clauses stip-
ulating that they report directly to their
respective boards after Mr. Redstone’s
departure. If that does not happen, Mr.
Moonves is entitled to a payout totaling
about $223 million and Mr. Dauman a
payout of about $88 million, according
to company filings.
The shift at CBS came after Mr.
Redstone sent a letter Tuesday to Mr.
Moonves and CBS directors announcing
his resignation, according to two people
briefed on the developments who spoke
on the condition of anonymity.
The board subsequently met on
Wednesday and first offered the chair-
man position to Shari Redstone. Ms.
Redstone declined and instead nominat-
ed Mr. Moonves, whom the board ap-
proved unanimously. Mr. Moonves has
been president and chief executive of
CBS since 2006. He will continue in
STEPHEN M c CARTHY/SPORTSFILE FOR WEB SUMMIT
box and began focusing on business us-
ers earlier. Dropbox is behind Box in at-
tracting the most lucrative segment of
the market — the largest companies
who will pay the most to get their data
online.
Adding to this is the complication
that Box, which has had to spend hun-
dreds of millions of dollars building out
a sales team to go after large compa-
nies, has been pummeled by investors
for its persistent losses. The stock mar-
ket now values Box at about $1.3 billion,
about half of its value when it went pub-
lic in January 2015.
This sets up an unfavorable com-
parison for Dropbox: If Dropbox trails
Box in the meatiest part of the market,
and if Box is itself losing money, how
can Dropbox possibly be worth 10 times
as much as Box?
Dropbox argues that the compari-
son with Box doesn’t take into account
the differences in the two companies’
business models. Sure, Dropbox is de-
registration companies like register.com
and namecheap.com will set up the do-
main name of your choice for a small fee.
Many of these same companies will
also sell you package deals, so along
with the domain name, you get server
space to host your site, tools to create
your own webpages and tech support.
For example, register.com has such a
Do-It-Myself Web Design package that
starts at $12.95 a month and includes a
few other features like an email account
for the site.
Running your own website for fam-
ily and friends to visit gives you a lot of
control, but it can also be a lot of work. If
you mainly want to share family news,
videos and photos, options like Shutterf-
ly Share, Zalongo or Family Crossings
those positions.
CBS announced that Mr. Redstone
had stepped down as executive chair-
man and taken the new title of chairman
emeritus.
The outlook at Viacom is more
complicated.
If Mr. Redstone dies or is found to
be incapacitated, his stake in National
Amusements is to be held by a trust.
Voting control will go to seven trustees.
Those trustees include Ms. Redstone
and Mr. Dauman.
In a statement on Wednesday, Ms.
Redstone confirmed that the terms of
her father’s trust state that she succeed
him as nonexecutive chairwoman at
both CBS and Viacom.
Separately, Ms. Redstone had
made a deal with Mr. Moonves for him
to take on the chairmanship at CBS, ac-
cording to people briefed on the dis-
cussions. At Viacom, Ms. Redstone has
not made a similar arrangement with
Mr. Dauman, according to two people.
Those who know her say she has not
been satisfied with his stewardship of
the company, which has struggled in the
face of the digital upheaval transform-
ing the industry.
In her statement on Wednesday,
Ms. Redstone hinted that she would not
support Mr. Dauman as chairman.
“It is my firm belief that whoever
may succeed my father as chair at each
company should be someone who is not
a trustee of my father’s trust or other-
wise intertwined in Redstone family
matters, but rather a leader with an in-
dependent voice,” she said.
Yet Ms. Redstone has told people
that she would turn down the position of
chairman of Viacom. That leaves the de-
cision to the company’s board.
Viacom has been the target of the
activist shareholder SpringOwl Asset
Management, which has called for re-
placing Viacom’s management and
board. On Wednesday, the firm released
a statement urging Viacom’s manage-
ment and board to appoint an independ-
ent director as chairman of the compa-
ny and that it not be Mr. Dauman.
A tech company’s outsize
dreams collide with new
market realities and
thorny expectations.
veloping its sales team and expanding
its product offerings for businesses. But
Dennis Woodside, Dropbox’s chief oper-
ating officer, said that its broad brand
recognition makes the sales process
more efficient — and thus cheaper —
than Box’s. When Dropbox visits a com-
pany’s chief information officer on a
sales call, it has something Box strug-
gles to show — a large base of the com-
pany’s employees who are already us-
ing its service.
“We fish in a pond that’s used to
our product,” Mr. Woodside said. In the
last quarter, Dropbox signed up 13 large
companies with more than 1,000 users
each, he said, three times as many as in
the same period last year.
Mr. Schreier of Sequoia Capital said
Dropbox’s potential for profit was more
attractive than Box’s, and argued that
when Dropbox eventually goes public,
investors will recognize that difference.
Aaron Levie, Box’s chief executive,
disputed this assertion. “Our differenti-
ation and maturity in the enterprise
market is what wins those customers,”
he said. A large and costly sales team
also makes a difference, Mr. Levie ar-
gued, which is why he seemed to scoff
at the notion of Dropbox as a competi-
tor. “We’re mostly competing with
Microsoft in the enterprise, not Drop-
box,” he said.
Because one company is public and
one is private, and because they operate
so differently, it is difficult to say wheth-
er Box or Dropbox — not to mention
Google or Microsoft — will ultimately
run away with the enterprise cloud
services business. Analysts say that at
the moment, the market is big enough,
and wide open enough, for all of these
companies to thrive.
The murkier issue is not whether
Dropbox can build a good business, but
whether it can ever become the $10 bil-
lion goose that investors had once seen
it as. Reports of Dropbox’s demise are
premature. But so are reports of its
comeback.
provide the server space and tools you
need, and they are geared more for
smaller groups of viewers.
If most of your participants are on
Facebook, you can also create a “secret”
Facebook group to share photos and vid-
eos privately among members. Depend-
ing on the software and services your
family members use, sharing content
through sites like iCloud, Dropbox, Goo-
gle Drive, Microsoft OneDrive and simi-
lar sites may also work.
Keep one thing in mind for whichev-
er method you select. Because you are
sharing private family photos and de-
tails, consider using a site or service that
lets you easily protect your content from
people outside the group through use of
a password. J.D. BIERSDORFER
A Top Engineer
For Search Is Set
To Exit Google
By QUENTIN HARDY
SAN FRANCISCO — Alphabet, the
parent of Google, is losing one of its
most influential engineers, but his suc-
cessor’s background is indicative of
how important artificial intelligence
technology is becoming to the Silicon
Valley company.
Amit Singhal, the senior vice presi-
dent for search, and one of the earliest
builders of Google’s global system, an-
nounced that he would retire on Feb. 26.
He has been involved with many of the
technologies that have made Alphabet
an engineering powerhouse and one of
the world’s most valuable companies.
His replacement, John Giannan-
drea, currently works in artificial intelli-
gence, or A.I., at Alphabet. A.I. has been
increasingly important to Google and
other companies like Amazon, as they
seek to build products that can do
things like respond to voice commands,
deliver complex alerts about changes to
a user’s schedule, or drive a car.
In a post to the Google Plus social
network, Mr. Singhal indicated that he
wished to spend time with his family
and intended to give away some of his
fortune. “It has always been a priority
Printed and distributed by PressReader
+1 604 278 4604
• ORIGINAL COPY • ORIGINAL COPY • ORIGINAL COPY • ORIGINAL COPY • ORIGINAL COPY • ORIGINAL COPY •
CO PY R I G H T A N D P R OT E C T E D BY A P P L I C A B L E L AW
for me to give back to people who are
less fortunate, and make time for my
family,” he wrote.
Mr. Singhal, 48, joined Google in
2000 as employee No. 176. A native of In-
dia, he has a doctorate in computer sci-
ence from Cornell and worked at AT&T
P r e s s R e a d e r. c o m
Labs before Google. One of his earliest
jobs at Google was rewriting the initial
breakthrough algorithms.
Google was one of many search en-
gines, but it distinguished itself both in
the quality of its results and in building
features like spell check, which could of-
fer correct answers to misspelled que-
ries. The early engineering team also
developed search-related tools for its
advertising, which quickly turned into a
very profitable business.
 THE NEW YORK TIMES BUSINESS THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 4, 2016 N B9

MARKET GAUGES
S.&P.
500
U 1,912.53
+9.50
DOW
INDUSTRIALS
U 16,336.66
+183.12
NASDAQ
COMPOSITE
D 4,504.24
–12.71
10-YEAR
TREASURY YIELD U
1.88%
+0.03 OIL U
CRUDE $32.28
+$2.40
GOLD
(N.Y.)
U $1,141.30
+$14.00
THE
EURO
U $1.1107
+$0.0195

Standard & Poor’s 500-Stock Index 3-MONTH TREND Nasdaq Composite Index 3-MONTH TREND Dow Jones Industrial Average 3-MONTH TREND

5,200
18,000
2,100
0% 5,000 0% 0%

2,000 17,000
4,800
– 5% – 5% – 5%

1,900 4,600 16,000

–10% –10% –10%

1,800 4,400

–15% –15% 15,000 –15%

Nov. Dec. Jan. Nov. Dec. Jan. Nov. Dec. Jan.

When the index follows a white line, it is changing at a constant pace; when it moves into a lighter band, the rate of change is faster.

STOCK MARKET INDEXES MOST ACTIVE, GAINERS AND LOSERS

% 52-Wk YTD % 52-Wk YTD % Volume % Volume % Volume
Index Close Chg Chg % Chg % Chg Index Close Chg Chg % Chg % Chg Stock (TICKER) Close Chg Chg (100) Stock (TICKER) Close Chg Chg (100) Stock (TICKER) Close Chg Chg (100)

DOW JONES NASDAQ 20 MOST ACTIVE 20 TOP GAINERS 20 TOP LOSERS

Industrials 16336.66 + 183.12 + 1.13 ◊ 7.53 ◊ 6.25 Nasdaq 100 4171.97 ◊ 21.13 ◊ 0.50 ◊ 1.35 ◊ 9.17 Bank of Ameri (BAC) 13.03 ◊0.20 ◊1.5 2574672 Boot Barn Hl (BOOT) 7.53 +2.00 +36.2 54484 ArcBest (ARCB) 17.63 ◊3.38 ◊16.1 10677
Transportation 6834.76 + 70.60 + 1.04 ◊ 23.22 ◊ 8.98 Composite 4504.24 ◊ 12.71 ◊ 0.28 ◊ 4.73 ◊ 10.05 Ford Motor (F) 11.46 ◊0.05 ◊0.4 694049 Modine Mfg (MOD) 7.34 +1.33 +22.1 5263 Mem Resource (MRD) 13.28 ◊2.12 ◊13.8 130719
Utilities 626.64 + 8.01 + 1.30 ◊ 2.30 + 8.45 Industrials 3713.43 ◊ 21.52 ◊ 0.58 ◊ 2.70 ◊ 9.45 Microsoft (MSFT) 52.16 ◊0.84 ◊1.6 575253 Central Gard (CENT) 15.68 +2.48 +18.8 4465 Radware (RDWR) 11.38 ◊1.70 ◊13.0 11994
Banks 2512.89 + 3.82 + 0.15 ◊ 1.26 ◊ 11.93 Facebook (FB) 112.69 ◊1.92 ◊1.7 568631 Mediwound (MDWD) 7.10 +1.05 +17.4 318 IES Inc (IESC) 10.91 ◊1.61 ◊12.9 2075
Composite 5702.59 + 64.27 + 1.14 ◊ 11.34 ◊ 4.61
Yahoo! (YHOO) 27.68 ◊1.38 ◊4.7 555291 Energizer Hld (ENR) 36.86 +5.28 +16.7 24817 Match Group (MTCH) 10.66 ◊1.53 ◊12.6 65451
Insurance 6849.94 + 34.04 + 0.50 + 3.15 ◊ 5.18 13.70
Wells Fargo (WFC) 47.60 ◊1.23 ◊2.5 471305 Viavi Soluti (VIAV) 5.85 +0.82 +16.3 115892 Olin (OLN) ◊1.96 ◊12.5 87211
STANDARD AND POOR’S Other Finance 4993.08 ◊ 5.66 ◊ 0.11 ◊ 11.56 ◊ 10.56 Apple (AAPL) 96.35 +1.87 +2.0 458616 Kulicke ad S (KLIC) 11.68 +1.63 +16.2 27788 vTv (VTVT) 6.07 ◊0.82 ◊11.9 354
100 Stocks 854.60 + 3.51 + 0.41 ◊ 5.14 ◊ 6.24 Telecommunications 224.05 + 1.75 + 0.79 ◊ 16.62 ◊ 10.73 Pfizer (PFE) 29.67 ◊0.47 ◊1.6 449538 Neophotonics (NPTN) 10.00 +1.30 +14.9 15499 JLL (JLL) 118.72 ◊15.68 ◊11.7 10579
500 Stocks 1912.53 + 9.50 + 0.50 ◊ 6.71 ◊ 6.43 Computer 2422.33 ◊ 17.99 ◊ 0.74 + 0.37 ◊ 7.05 Intel (INTC) 29.34 ◊0.46 ◊1.5 446581 Edgewell Pers (EPC) 81.42 +10.08 +14.1 28002 Synchronoss (SNCR) 26.72 ◊3.22 ◊10.8 36449
Mid-Cap 400 1297.57 + 8.46 + 0.66 ◊ 11.97 ◊ 7.22 GE (GE) 28.67 +0.43 +1.5 442472 Performance S (PSG) 7.29 +0.90 +14.1 4457 CEVA (CEVA) 20.33 ◊2.44 ◊10.7 3375
Small-Cap 600 616.69 + 1.52 + 0.25 ◊ 10.69 ◊ 8.20 OTHER INDEXES Citigroup (C) 40.36 ◊0.06 ◊0.1 436696 Mimecast (MIME) 10.00 +1.23 +14.0 4634 Peapack (PGC) 18.03 ◊2.12 ◊10.5 2329
American Exch 2083.46 + 32.16 + 1.57 ◊ 16.63 ◊ 3.06 AT&T (T) 36.72 +0.66 +1.8 379836 Allianc One I (AOI) 9.84 +1.19 +13.8 1121 Ardmore Shipp (ASC) 8.75 ◊1.00 ◊10.3 18122
NEW YORK Wilshire 5000 19606.93 + 82.78 + 0.42 ◊ 9.33 ◊ 7.37 Regions Fincl (RF) 7.82 +0.19 +2.5 343117 TeleNav (TNAV) 6.68 +0.80 +13.6 2947 IAC/InterActi (IAC) 45.78 ◊5.09 ◊10.0 63084
Alcoa (AA) 7.55 +0.58 +8.3 338997 Central Gar (CENTA) 15.15 +1.81 +13.6 4026 Ascent Capi (ASCMA) 9.43 ◊1.04 ◊9.9 2400
STOCK EXCHANGE Value Line Arith 4009.20 + 45.99 + 1.16 ◊ 14.57 ◊ 8.02
Cisco System (CSCO) 23.10 +0.27 +1.2 322287 Kimball Intl (KBAL) 10.90 +1.30 +13.5 2391 MFLEX (MFLX) 17.01 ◊1.86 ◊9.9 3582
NYSE Comp. 9495.21 + 81.44 + 0.87 ◊ 12.47 ◊ 6.39 Russell 2000 1010.30 + 1.46 + 0.14 ◊ 15.60 ◊ 11.06 JPMorgan (JPM) 57.41 +0.38 +0.7 315347 Angie’s List (ANGI) 9.48 +1.13 +13.5 7437 Barnes & Nobl (BKS) 7.33 ◊0.76 ◊9.4 49021
Tech/Media/Telecom 6998.21 + 97.67 + 1.42 ◊ 8.25 ◊ 2.37 Phila Gold & Silver 50.02 + 3.77 + 8.15 ◊ 36.60 + 10.42 Kinder Morgan (KMI) 15.61 +0.96 +6.6 300212 3D Systems (DDD) 8.45 +1.00 +13.4 42216 Blueprint (BPMC) 15.01 ◊1.51 ◊9.1 3034
Energy 8841.61 + 332.44 + 3.91 ◊ 30.63 ◊ 5.37 Phila Semiconductor 597.11 + 1.41 + 0.24 ◊ 10.47 ◊ 10.00 National Oilw (NOV) 28.00 ◊2.67 ◊8.7 291706 SPX (SPXC) 9.61 +1.10 +12.9 7066 Eros (EROS) 8.14 ◊0.81 ◊9.1 6210
Financial 5551.44 + 11.50 + 0.21 ◊ 14.52 ◊ 11.96 KBW Bank 61.32 + 0.12 + 0.20 ◊ 11.78 ◊ 16.09 GM (GM) 28.92 ◊0.73 ◊2.5 290532 Sientra (SIEN) 8.97 +1.02 +12.8 25942 Powell Inds (POWL) 23.02 ◊2.27 ◊9.0 2783
Healthcare 11641.28 ◊ 2.25 ◊ 0.02 ◊ 5.05 ◊ 6.01 Phila Oil Service 139.93 + 3.03 + 2.21 ◊ 31.06 ◊ 11.29 Comcast (CMCSA) 57.84 +3.25 +6.0 279919 Clear Ch Outd (CCO) 5.48 +0.58 +11.8 2411 Misonix (MSON) 7.16 ◊0.70 ◊8.9 302

S&P 100 STOCKS

52-Week Price Range 1-Day 1-Yr YTD 52-Week Price Range 1-Day 1-Yr YTD 52-Week Price Range 1-Day 1-Yr YTD 52-Week Price Range 1-Day 1-Yr YTD
Stock (TICKER) Low Close (•) High Close Chg %Chg % Chg Stock (TICKER) Low Close (•) High Close Chg %Chg % Chg Stock (TICKER) Low Close (•) High Close Chg %Chg % Chg Stock (TICKER) Low Close (•) High Close Chg %Chg % Chg
3M (MMM) 134.00 170.50 152.52 + 4.65 ◊ 8.09 + 1.3 Chevron (CVX) 69.58 112.93 84.62 + 3.38 ◊ 22.74 ◊ 5.9 Home Depot (HD) 92.17 135.47 123.79 ◊ 1.48 + 15.43 ◊ 6.4 Priceline (PCLN) 1007 1477 1049 ◊ 17.63 + 1.12 ◊ 17.7
Abbott (ABT) 36.00 51.74 38.02 + 0.14 ◊ 17.04 ◊ 15.3 Cisco Syst (CSCO) 22.47 30.31 23.10 + 0.27 ◊ 14.82 ◊ 14.9 Honeywell (HON) 87.00 107.41 102.16 + 1.50 + 0.88 ◊ 1.4 Procter Ga (PG) 65.02 86.78 81.10 + 0.88 ◊ 5.64 + 2.1
AbbVie (ABBV) 45.45 71.60 56.84 + 2.89 ◊ 7.80 ◊ 4.1 Citigroup (C) 38.04 60.95 40.36 ◊ 0.06 ◊ 17.43 ◊ 22.0 IBM (IBM) 118.00 176.30 124.72 + 1.78 ◊ 21.30 ◊ 9.4 Qualcomm (QCOM) 42.88 74.09 44.73 + 1.58 ◊ 33.20 ◊ 10.5
Accenture (ACN) 85.97 109.86 102.10 ◊ 1.72 + 16.13 ◊ 2.3 Coca- Cola (KO) 36.56 43.91 42.72 + 0.28 + 2.62 ◊ 0.6 Intel (INTC) 24.87 35.59 29.34 ◊ 0.46 ◊ 12.94 ◊ 14.8 Raytheon (RTN) 95.32 129.99 128.08 + 2.64 + 20.41 + 2.9
AIG (AIG) 50.60 64.93 54.31 ◊ 1.02 + 5.81 ◊ 12.4 Colgate (CL) 50.84 71.56 66.03 + 0.67 ◊ 4.57 ◊ 0.9 Johnson&Jo (JNJ) 81.79 105.49 104.14 + 0.73 + 1.64 + 1.4 Schlumberg (SLB) 59.60 95.13 70.83 + 1.99 ◊ 18.66 + 1.6
Allergan (AGN) 237.50 340.34 278.39 ◊ 1.29 + 3.74 ◊ 10.9 Comcast (CMCSA) 50.01 64.99 57.84 + 3.25 + 4.39 + 2.5 JPMorgan (JPM) 50.07 70.61 57.41 + 0.38 + 1.22 ◊ 13.1 Simon Prop (SPG) 170.99 208.14 188.30 + 2.19 ◊ 5.89 ◊ 3.2
Allstate (ALL) 54.12 72.87 59.64 ◊ 0.33 ◊ 17.20 ◊ 4.0 ConocoPhil (COP) 32.71 70.11 38.63 + 2.04 ◊ 42.97 ◊ 17.3 Kinder Mor (KMI) 11.20 44.71 15.61 + 0.96 ◊ 62.37 + 4.6 Southern C (SO) 41.40 51.14 48.51 ◊ 1.12 ◊ 4.51 + 3.7
Alphabet (GOOGL) 525.03 810.35 749.38 ◊ 31.53 + 40.52 ◊ 3.7 Costco Who (COST) 117.03 169.73 146.70 ◊ 1.80 ◊ 1.42 ◊ 9.2 Lockheed (LMT) 181.91 227.91 212.92 + 2.47 + 10.90 ◊ 2.0 Starbucks (SBUX) 42.05 99.20 59.53 ◊ 1.17 + 34.55 ◊ 0.8
Alphabet (GOOG) 515.18 789.87 726.95 ◊ 37.70 N.A. N.A. CVS Health (CVS) 81.37 113.65 95.37 + 0.43 ◊ 4.75 ◊ 2.5 Lowes (LOW) 64.22 78.13 67.42 ◊ 4.45 ◊ 3.17 ◊ 11.3 Synchrony (SYF) 25.34 36.40 26.34 ◊ 0.67 ◊ 15.39 ◊ 13.4
Altria Gro (MO) 47.31 61.74 59.84 ◊ 0.65 + 10.28 + 2.8 Devon Ener (DVN) 19.69 70.48 26.59 + 1.90 ◊ 58.50 ◊ 16.9 MasterCard (MA) 74.61 101.76 86.47 + 0.54 + 3.17 ◊ 11.2 Target (TGT) 66.46 85.81 72.57 ◊ 0.74 ◊ 4.35 ◊ 0.1
Amazon.com (AMZN) 358.23 696.44 531.07 ◊ 21.03 + 46.08 ◊ 21.4 Dow (DOW) 35.11 57.10 46.74 + 1.71 ◊ 0.32 ◊ 9.2 McDonalds (MCD) 87.50 124.83 121.47 ◊ 2.48 + 29.33 + 2.8 Texas Inst (TXN) 43.49 59.99 50.25 ◊ 0.39 ◊ 7.70 ◊ 8.3
American E (AXP) 52.15 86.18 54.11 + 0.45 ◊ 35.38 ◊ 22.2 Du Pont (DD) 47.11 80.65 58.76 + 2.58 ◊ 15.65 ◊ 11.8 Medtronic (MDT) 55.54 79.50 76.15 ◊ 0.36 + 1.82 ◊ 1.0 Time Warne (TWX) 62.94 91.34 71.46 + 0.94 ◊ 11.04 + 10.5
Amgen (AMGN) 130.09 181.81 150.69 + 0.58 ◊ 1.01 ◊ 7.2 Eli Lilly (LLY) 68.31 92.85 76.09 ◊ 0.21 + 7.34 ◊ 9.7 Merck & Co (MRK) 45.69 61.70 50.05 ◊ 0.36 ◊ 17.98 ◊ 5.2 Twenty-Fir (FOX) 22.85 34.81 26.50 + 0.44 ◊ 20.48 ◊ 2.7
Anadarko P (APC) 28.16 95.94 42.49 + 3.23 ◊ 50.36 ◊ 12.5 EMC US (EMC) 22.66 29.24 24.47 + 0.17 ◊ 8.80 ◊ 4.7 MetLife (MET) 40.77 58.23 41.95 ◊ 0.81 ◊ 14.58 ◊ 13.0 Twenty-Fir (FOXA) 22.81 35.85 26.49 + 0.49 ◊ 23.45 ◊ 2.5
Apple (AAPL) 92.00 134.54 96.35 + 1.87 ◊ 18.79 ◊ 8.5 Emerson El (EMR) 41.25 62.75 46.09 + 0.25 ◊ 22.46 ◊ 3.6 Microsoft (MSFT) 39.72 56.85 52.16 ◊ 0.84 + 25.38 ◊ 6.0 Union Paci (UNP) 67.06 124.52 72.26 + 0.55 ◊ 40.67 ◊ 7.6
AT&T (T) 30.97 36.80 36.72 + 0.66 + 6.93 + 6.7 Exelon (EXC) 25.09 36.99 31.61 + 1.47 ◊ 14.41 + 13.8 Mondelez I (MDLZ) 33.97 48.58 39.23 ◊ 2.72 + 8.79 ◊ 12.5 United Par (UPS) 87.30 107.32 95.33 + 0.64 ◊ 5.21 ◊ 0.9
Bank of Am (BAC) 12.52 18.48 13.03 ◊ 0.20 ◊ 18.00 ◊ 22.6 Exxon Mobi (XOM) 66.55 93.45 78.48 + 3.89 ◊ 14.93 + 0.7 Monsanto (MON) 81.22 126.00 89.50 + 2.14 ◊ 25.63 ◊ 9.2 UnitedHeal (UNH) 95.00 126.21 112.75 ◊ 1.13 + 4.58 ◊ 4.2
Berkshire (BRKb) 123.55 151.63 126.24 + 0.54 ◊ 14.87 ◊ 4.4 Facebook (FB) 72.00 117.59 112.69 ◊ 1.92 + 49.46 + 7.7 Morgan Sta (MS) 23.29 41.04 24.32 ◊ 0.18 ◊ 30.59 ◊ 23.6 US Bancorp (USB) 37.97 46.26 39.28 + 0.53 ◊ 9.24 ◊ 7.9
Biogen (BIIB) 254.00 480.18 270.43 + 4.37 ◊ 31.34 ◊ 11.7 FedEx (FDX) 119.71 185.19 130.98 + 0.83 ◊ 24.28 ◊ 12.1 Nike (NKE) 45.35 68.19 62.49 ◊ 0.06 + 33.88 ◊ .0 UTC (UTX) 83.39 124.45 85.96 + 0.54 ◊ 27.70 ◊ 10.5
BlackRock (BLK) 275.00 382.84 304.06 + 2.85 ◊ 13.85 ◊ 10.7 Ford Motor (F) 10.44 16.74 11.46 ◊ 0.05 ◊ 26.77 ◊ 18.7 Norfolk So (NSC) 64.51 112.05 67.32 + 0.72 ◊ 37.24 ◊ 20.4 Verizon (VZ) 38.06 51.02 50.62 + 0.71 + 5.83 + 9.5
Boeing (BA) 115.02 158.83 121.87 + 4.35 ◊ 17.29 ◊ 15.7 GE (GE) 19.37 31.49 28.67 + 0.43 + 17.16 ◊ 8.0 Occidental (OXY) 58.24 83.74 68.13 + 2.65 ◊ 17.07 + 0.8 Visa (V) 60.00 278.65 74.38 + 0.98 + 14.52 ◊ 4.1
BONY Mello (BK) 33.16 45.45 34.34 + 0.05 ◊ 8.18 ◊ 16.7 General Dy (GD) 121.61 153.76 133.79 + 0.26 ◊ 3.71 ◊ 2.6 Oracle (ORCL) 33.13 45.24 35.69 + 0.34 ◊ 17.08 ◊ 2.3 Wal Mart (WMT) 56.30 88.00 66.27 ◊ 0.59 ◊ 23.11 + 8.1
Bristol-My (BMY) 51.82 70.87 60.12 + 1.25 + 0.43 ◊ 12.6 Gilead Sci (GILD) 81.89 123.37 86.39 + 3.69 ◊ 19.40 ◊ 14.6 PayPal Hld (PYPL) 30.00 42.55 37.01 + 0.18 N.A. + 2.2 Walgreens (WBA) 74.21 97.30 76.81 ◊ 1.19 + 2.70 ◊ 9.8
Capital On (COF) 58.49 92.10 63.15 ◊ 0.06 ◊ 16.37 ◊ 12.5 GM (GM) 24.62 38.99 28.92 ◊ 0.73 ◊ 14.89 ◊ 15.0 PepsiCo (PEP) 76.48 103.44 98.72 + 0.51 + 2.62 ◊ 1.2 Walt Disne (DIS) 90.00 122.08 95.14 + 2.02 + 1.11 ◊ 9.5
Caterpilla (CAT) 56.36 89.62 63.27 + 2.60 ◊ 24.61 ◊ 6.9 Goldman Sa (GS) 147.01 218.77 152.68 + 0.98 ◊ 15.29 ◊ 15.3 Pfizer (PFE) 28.47 36.46 29.67 ◊ 0.47 ◊ 7.34 ◊ 8.1 Wells Farg (WFC) 46.51 58.77 47.60 ◊ 1.23 ◊ 10.94 ◊ 12.4
Celgene (CELG) 92.98 140.72 99.49 + 2.64 ◊ 15.40 ◊ 16.9 Halliburto (HAL) 27.64 50.20 31.96 + 1.44 ◊ 26.22 ◊ 6.1 PMI (PM) 75.27 90.31 89.79 + 0.44 + 9.18 + 2.1

Prices shown are for regular trading for the New York Stock Exchange and the American Stock Exchange which runs from 9:30 a.m., Eastern time, through the close of the Pacific Exchange, at 4:30 p.m. For the Nasdaq stock market, it is through 4 p.m. Close Last trade of the day in regular trading. + – indicates stocks
· or ·
that reached a new 52-week high or low. Change Difference between last trade and previous day’s price in regular trading. „ or ‰ indicates stocks that rose or fell at least 4 percent. ” indicates stocks that traded 1 percent or more of their outstanding shares. n Stock was a new issue in the last year.

FINRA TRACE CORPORATE BOND DATA GOVERNMENT BONDS

Yields 52-Week Total Returns Market Breadth Yield Curve Key Rates Most Recent Issues
FINRA-BLOOMBERG FINRA-BLOOMBERG All Investment High Yest. 1-mo. ago 1-yr. ago 10-year Treas. Prime Rate
CORPORATE BOND INDEXES CORPORATE BOND INDEXES Issues Grade Yield Conv 2-year Treas. Fed Funds Mat. Date Rate Bid Ask Chg Yield
4% 4%
10% high yield +8.83% + 5% invest. gr. –2.46% Total Issues Traded 7,042 4,860 1,979 203 T-BILLS
Advances 3,375 2,414 878 83 3-mo. May 16 ◊ ◊ 0.34 0.33 –0.02 0.35
Declines 3,271 2,269 886 116 3 3 6-mo. Aug 16 ◊ ◊ 0.45 0.44 –0.01 0.46
8 0 Unchanged 143 44 96 3
52 Week High 133 106 27 0 BONDS & NOTES
52 Week Low 541 302 212 27 2 2 2-yr. Jan 18 } ◊ 100.05 100.05 +0.03 0.74
Dollar Volume* 28,403 18,181 9,070 1,152 5-yr. Jan 21 1] ◊ 100.50 100.51 +0.02 1.27
6 – 5 10-yr. Nov 25 2ü ◊ 103.27 103.28 –0.28 1.85
End of day data. Activity as reported to FINRA TRACE. 30-yr. Nov 45 3.000 ◊ 105.91 105.92 –1.03 2.66
Market breadth represents activity in all TRACE eligible 1 1
4 –10 publicly traded securities. Shown below are the most TREASURY INFLATION BONDS
active fixed-coupon bonds ranked by par value traded.
5-yr. Apr 20 [ ◊ 100.34 100.42 +0.10 0.07
Investment grade or high-yield is determined using 0 Maturity 0 10-yr. Jan 26 | ◊ 101.10 101.24 –0.06 0.51
2 –15 credit ratings as outlined in FINRA rules. “C” – Yield is
20-yr. Jan 29 2ø ◊ 121.35 121.63 –0.06 0.76
unavailable because of issue’s call criteria. 3 6 2 5 10 30 2015 30-yr. Feb 45 } ◊ 90.98 91.30 +0.05 1.12
*Par value in millions.
0 invest. grade +4.16% –20 high yield –11.29% Source: FINRA TRACE data. Reference information from Source: Thomson Reuters
Reuters DataScope Data. Credit ratings from Moody’s,
Months Years Source: Thomson Reuters
2015 2015 Standard & Poor’s and Fitch.

FOREIGN EXCHANGE
Most Active Foreign Currency Dollars in Foreign Currency Dollars in
Credit Rating Price
Issuer Name (SYMBOL) Coupon% Maturity Moody’s S&P Fitch High Low Last Chg Yld% in Dollars Foreign Currency in Dollars Foreign Currency

AMERICAS ASIA/PACIFIC
INVESTMENT GRADE
Argentina (Peso) .0707 14.1450 One Dollar in Euros Australia (Dollar) .7178 1.3931
One Dollar in Yen
Anheuser-busch Inbev Fin Inc (BUD) 4.900 Feb’46 NR A– 106.306 102.592 104.594 0.112 4.613 Bolivia (Boliviano) .1460 6.8500 1.00 euros $1 = 0.9003 China (Yuan) .1521 6.5765 126 yen $1 = 117.70
Anheuser-busch Inbev Fin Inc (BUD) 2.650 Feb’21 NR A– 101.500 100.770 100.913 0.026 2.451 Brazil (Real) .2568 3.8941 Hong Kong (Dollar) .1283 7.7940
American Intl Group Inc (AIG) 4.875 Jun’22 Baa1 A– BBB+ 107.165 105.858 106.185 –0.217 3.764 Canada (Dollar) .7262 1.3770 India (Rupee) .0147 67.9245
Encana Corp (ECA.GD) 6.500 Aug’34 Baa2 BBB NR 59.875 54.471 57.500 –1.202 12.409 Chile (Peso) .0014 703.99 0.95 Japan (Yen) .0085 117.70
124
Actavis Fdg Scs (ACT) 3.000 Mar’20 Baa3 BBB– BBB– 102.553 100.992 101.434 0.144 2.621 Colombia (Peso) .0003 3369.6 Malaysia (Ringgit) .2370 4.2190
Home Depot Inc (HD) 2.000 Jun’19 A2 A A 102.191 101.256 101.256 –0.414 1.604 Dom. Rep. (Peso) .0219 45.6000 122
New Zealand (Dollar) .6667 1.4999
Anheuser-busch Inbev Fin Inc (BUD) 3.650 Feb’26 NR A– 103.785 101.090 101.353 0.353 3.485
Gilead Sciences Inc (GILD) 4.750 Mar’46 A3 A 103.131 101.968 102.507 –0.262 4.594
El Salvador (Colon) .1147 8.7220 0.90 Pakistan (Rupee) .0096 104.70
Guatemala (Quetzal) .1306 7.6560 Philippines (Peso) .0209 47.8400 120
At&t Inc (T) 5.650 Feb’47 Baa1 BBB+ A– 101.713 100.507 100.730 0.078 N.A.
Honduras (Lempira) .0444 22.5300 Singapore (Dollar) .7076 1.4132
Vale Overseas Ltd (VALE) 6.250 Jan’17 Baa3 BBB– BBB 100.250 98.875 99.750 0.405 6.519
Mexico (Peso) .0549 18.2269 0.85 So. Korea (Won) .0008 1199.1
118
Nicaragua (Cordoba) .0359 27.8500 Taiwan (Dollar) .0300 33.2820
HIGH YIELD Paraguay (Guarani) .0002 5873.0 Thailand (Baht) .0280 35.7300
Ep Energy (EPEH) 6.375 Jun’23 B1 B 30.250 30.000 30.000 –5.562 31.051 Peru (New Sol) .2867 3.4875 0.80 Vietnam (Dong) .00005 22219 116
Cco Holdings Llc (CHTR) 5.250 Sep’22 B1 BB– BB– 101.100 100.375 100.813 –0.188 5.050 Uruguay (New Peso) .0322 31.1000
Alcoa Inc (AA) 5.125 Oct’24 Ba1 BBB– BB+ 83.733 80.760 82.125 –1.074 8.030 Venezuela (Bolivar) .1591 6.2842 2015 2015
MIDDLE EAST/AFRICA
Continental Res Inc (CLR) 5.000 Sep’22 Baa3 BB+ NR 69.795 66.750 67.500 0.250 12.336 Bahrain (Dinar) 2.6612 .3758
Peabody Energy Corp (BTU) 6.000 Nov’18 Ca CCC– CCC– 9.189 7.250 7.500 –1.000 156.915 EUROPE Lebanon (Pound) .0007 1507.0
Norway (Krone) .1170 8.5480 Egypt (Pound) .1277 7.8300
Whiting Pete Corp (WLL) 5.000 Mar’19 Ba3 BB– NR 61.750 60.188 61.500 0.125 23.028 Britain (Pound) 1.4599 .6850 Saudi Arabia (Riyal) .2667 3.7500
Poland (Zloty) .2517 3.9734 Iran (Rial) .00003 30182
Huntsman Intl Llc (HUN) 4.875 Nov’20 B1 B NR 89.630 88.750 89.500 0.500 7.534 So. Africa (Rand) .0627 15.9590
Czech Rep (Koruna) .0411 24.3140 Russia (Ruble) .0130 76.7895 Israel (Shekel) .2539 3.9389
Sprint Corp (SFTBF) 7.875 Sep’23 Caa1 B B+ 68.949 66.938 67.730 –0.770 15.164 U.A.E (Dirham) .2723 3.6725
Denmark (Krone) .1489 6.7173 Sweden (Krona) .1186 8.4301 Jordan (Dinar) 1.4128 .7078
Targa Resources Partners Lp-finance Corp (NGLS) 5.250 May’23 Ba2 BB+ NR 77.000 76.438 77.000 0.062 9.754
Europe (Euro) 1.1107 .9003 Switzerland (Franc) .9957 1.0043 Kenya (Shilling) .0098 102.20
Petrobras Intl Fin Co (PTRB) 7.875 Mar’19 Ba3 BB BB+ 89.400 86.100 87.350 1.350 12.946 Prices as of 4:45 p.m. Eastern Time.
Hungary (Forint) .0036 279.91 Turkey (Lira) .3429 2.9161 Kuwait (Dinar) 3.3141 .3017
Source: Thomson Reuters
CONVERTIBLES
Tesla Mtrs Inc (TSLA) 0.250 Mar’19 NR B– NR 83.955 82.000 83.748 –1.733 6.151
Tesla Mtrs Inc (TSLA) 1.250 Mar’21 NR B– NR 80.440 76.516 77.138 –2.730 6.640
Energy Xxi Ltd. (EXXI)
Nvidia Corp (NVDA)
3.000
1.000
Dec’18
Dec’18
NR
NR
CCC–
BB+
NR
NR
1.350
146.980
1.000
143.250
1.250
146.236
–0.750
0.930
316.894
–12.256
FUTURES
Salesforce Com Inc (CRM) 0.250 Apr’18 NR NR NR 117.250 114.881 116.800 1.546 –6.876 Monetary
Sunedison Inc (SUNE) 2.750 Jan’21 NR NR NR 28.455 27.500 27.875 –0.443 33.945 units per Lifetime Open Crude Oil
Future Exchange quantity High Low Date Open High Low Settle Change Interest $70 $32.28 a barrel
Wellpoint Inc (ANTM) 2.750 Oct’42 NR A BBB 175.418 172.025 175.418 0.099 –0.055
Novellus Sys Inc (LRCX) 2.625 May’41 NR BBB NR 212.227 206.250 212.227 3.677 –1.176 Corn CBT ¢/bushel 512.00 348.50 Mar 16 372.00 373.25 370.25 371.00 ◊ 1.50 585,645
Priceline Group Inc (PCLN) 1.000 Mar’18 NR BBB+ NR 126.500 123.000 124.920 –0.380 –9.433 Soybeans CBT ¢/bushel 1210.75 847.00 Mar 16 885.50 886.00 874.25 876.75 ◊ 9.50 299,142
Tesla Mtrs Inc (TSLA) 1.500 Jun’18 NR B– NR 152.545 142.999 146.944 –3.848 –14.766 Wheat CBT ¢/bushel 768.00 456.00 Mar 16 475.75 480.50 474.50 480.00 + 4.75 203,902 60
Live Cattle CME ¢/lb 159.50 123.05 Apr 16 134.98 136.45 134.80 135.75 + 1.00 117,082
Hogs-Lean CME ¢/lb 78.00 59.23 Apr 16 69.25 69.90 69.10 69.68 + 0.58 75,513 50
Cocoa NYBOT $/ton 3420.00 2655.00 May 16 2780.00 2860.00 2745.00 2843.00 + 76.00 66,780
Coffee NYBOT ¢/lb 230.75 111.05 Mar 16 119.70 121.70 118.10 121.55 + 1.70 78,401
Sugar-World NYBOT ¢/lb 20.13 11.28 Mar 16 13.07 13.23 12.77 12.89 ◊ 0.10 274,005 40
CONSUMER RATES ECONOMIC INDICATORS
Yesterday Gold COMX $/oz 1308.00 1046.60 Apr 16 1129.40 1146.20 1124.80 1141.30 + 14.10 269,012
Change from last week Silver COMX $/oz 18.09 13.62 Mar 16 14.31 14.82 14.27 14.73 + 0.45 102,251 30
Hi Grade Copper COMX $/lb 3.13 1.94 Mar 16 2.05 2.10 2.04 2.10 + 0.04 117,274
Up Flat Down
1-year range
Light Sweet Crude NYMX $/bbl 93.15 27.56 Mar 16 29.75 32.75 29.40 32.28 + 2.40 577,905 20
Heating Oil NYMX $/gal 2.85 0.86 Mar 16 1.01 1.09 1.00 1.08 + 0.07 99,254
Natural Gas NYMX $/mil.btu 7.11 1.91 Mar 16 2.04 2.07 1.99 2.04 + 0.01 280,711 2015
Home Year
Mortgages Wednesday
Friday Ago 0% 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 5-YEAR HISTORY Key to exchanges: CBT-Chicago Board of Trade. CME-Chicago Mercantile Exchange. CMX-Comex division of NYM. KC-Kansas City Board of Trade. NYBOT-New York Board of
Trade. NYM-New York Mercantile Exchange. Open interest is the number of contracts outstanding.
Federal funds 0.38% 0.12% Source: Thomson Reuters
Durable Goods Orders +40%
Prime rate 3.50 3.25 Change from
15-yr fixed 2.82 2.96 previous year
MUTUAL FUNDS SPOTLIGHT: SPECIALIZED STOCK FUNDS AND COMMODITIES
15-yr fixed jumbo 3.72 4.11 Dec. ’15 –0.6% –20
Nov. ’15 +0.6 ’11 ’15 % Total Returns Exp. Assets % Total Returns Exp. Assets
30-yr fixed 3.69 3.85 Fund Name (TICKER) Type YTD 1 Yr 5 Yr* Ratio (mil.$)
Fund Name (TICKER) Type YTD 1 Yr 5 Yr* Ratio (mil.$)
30-yr fixed jumbo 4.14 4.35 LARGEST FUNDS LEADERS
5/1 adj. rate 3.06 3.53
Consumer Borrowing +10%
Vanguard Health Care Adm(VGHAX) SH ◊9.7 ◊0.8 +18.4 0.29 36,605 Grizzly Short(GRZZX) BM +10.3 +13.7 ◊9.7 1.55 321
Change from Vanguard REIT Index Adm(VGSLX) SR ◊3.5 ◊8.0 +10.2 0.11 15,028 Burnham Financial Services A(BURKX) SF ◊10.0 +12.8 +12.5 1.80 224
5/1 adj. rate jumbo 3.39 3.60 previous year T. Rowe Price Health Sciences(PRHSX) SH ◊14.3 ◊7.3 +22.2 0.76 14,223 Rydex Inverse Russell 2000 Strategy H(RYSHX) BM +11.4 +11.4 ◊11.5 1.69 68
1-year adj. rate 2.74 2.84 Fidelity Select Biotechnology Portfol(FBIOX) SH ◊28.8 ◊22.4 +23.7 0.72 10,568 Caldwell & Orkin Market Opportunity(COAGX) LO +3.6 +9.0 +5.8 1.44 215
Nov. ’15 +6.8% 0 AQR Managed Futures Strategy I(AQMIX) 13 +3.2 +2.2 +4.1 1.22 8,199 AQR Multi-Strategy Alternative I(ASAIX) GY +0.9 +8.6 NA 1.98 2,489
Fidelity Select Health Care Portfolio(FSPHX) SH ◊11.7 ◊8.2 +19.6 0.72 7,847 Fidelity Select Retailing Portfolio(FSRPX) CD ◊8.1 +8.2 +18.2 0.79 1,919
Oct. ’15 +6.9 ’11 ’15 DFA Real Estate Securities I(DFREX) SR ◊3.5 ◊7.4 +10.2 0.18 6,440 Fidelity Select IT Services Portfolio(FBSOX) ST ◊7.2 +5.9 +14.6 0.79 1,971
Home Equity 0% 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Cohen & Steers Realty Shares(CSRSX) SR ◊3.8 ◊5.8 +9.8 0.96 5,743 Fidelity Select Software & IT Svcs Po(FSCSX) ST ◊7.9 +5.4 +13.9 0.76 3,085
Vanguard Energy Adm(VGELX) EE ◊3.1 ◊25.9 ◊6.4 0.31 5,428 Vanguard Market Neutral I(VMNIX) NE +0.8 +5.4 +4.9 0.15 124
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CO PY R I G H T A N D P R OT E C T E D BY A P P L I C A B L E L AW

$75K line good credit* 4.47% 4.03%

Producer Prices +10% T. Rowe Price Real Estate(TRREX) SR ◊4.8 ◊6.5 +10.1 0.76 5,211 Hennessy Small Cap Financial Investor(HSFNX) SF ◊8.5 +5.2 +6.2 1.50 213
$75K line excel. credit* 4.09 3.98 T. Rowe Price Real Assets(PRAFX) SN ◊4.3 ◊21.7 ◊5.2 0.83 4,475 AC Alternatives Market Neutral Val In(ACVVX) NE +1.8 +4.7 NA 1.60 162
Change from Fidelity Real Estate Investment Port(FRESX) SR ◊3.4 ◊5.1 +10.7 0.78 4,381 Federated Prudent Bear A(BEARX) BM +7.9 +4.5 ◊12.6 1.76 174
$75K loan good credit* 4.12 4.34 previous year Credit Suisse Commodity Return Strat I(CRSOX) BB ◊2.4 ◊26.4 ◊14.3 0.78 3,685
LAGGARDS
T. Rowe Price Media & Telecommunicatio(PRMTX) SC ◊7.9 +2.3 +12.0 0.79 3,573
$75K loan excel. credit* 4.09 4.34 Dec. ’15 –2.7% –5 Nuveen Real Estate Securities I(FARCX) SR ◊4.3 ◊7.4 +10.1 1.06 3,520 Oppenheimer SteelPath MLP Alpha Plus A(MLPLX) LP ◊21.9 ◊51.8 NA 1.84 74
Franklin Utilities A(FKUTX) SU +6.9 ◊3.8 +11.7 0.73 3,425 Advisory Research MLP & Energy Infras (MLPPX) LP ◊13.1 ◊44.8 ◊2.1 1.00 371
Nov. ’15 –3.2 ’11 ’15 Merger Investor(MERFX) NE ◊1.1 ◊2.4 +1.4 1.32 3,339 Advisory Research MLP & Energy Income (INFFX) LP ◊12.6 ◊44.0 NA 2.13 70
Auto Loan Rates 0% 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Waddell & Reed Science & Tech A(UNSCX) ST ◊13.6 ◊15.4 +8.6 1.24 3,308 BlackRock Energy & Resources Inv A(SSGRX) EE ◊5.1 ◊42.4 ◊18.7 1.37 128
Diamond Hill Long-Short I(DHLSX) LO ◊5.4 ◊4.5 +6.2 1.14 3,227 RS Global Natural Resources A(RSNRX) SN ◊4.4 ◊41.6 ◊15.4 1.47 313
36-mo. used car 3.19% 3.17% Real Hourly Earnings +2% T. Rowe Price Science & Tech(PRSCX) ST ◊13.1 ◊5.4 +7.7 0.84 3,145 Oppenheimer SteelPath MLP Income C(MLPRX)
Fidelity Select Natural Gas Portfolio(FSNGX)
LP
EE
◊16.5
◊6.0
◊41.6
◊41.5
NA
◊10.4
2.10
0.86
785
273
Fidelity Select Software & IT Svcs Po(FSCSX) ST ◊7.9 +5.4 +13.9 0.76 3,085
P r e s s R e a d e r. c o m

60-mo. new car 3.35 3.05 Change from Cohen & Steers Instl Realty Shares(CSRIX) SR ◊3.8 ◊5.5 +10.0 0.75 2,931 Baron Energy and Resources Retail(BENFX) EE ◊12.1 ◊40.9 NA 1.35 54
previous year Fidelity Select Technology Portfolio(FSPTX) ST ◊10.3 ◊4.2 +6.9 0.76 2,823 Oppenheimer SteelPath MLP Alpha C(MLPGX) LP ◊16.8 ◊38.7 NA 2.25 605
Invesco Energy C(IEFCX) EE ◊7.7 ◊36.8 ◊11.9 1.98 121
CD’s and Money Market Rates 0% 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Dec. ’15 –0.3% –1 Average performance for all such funds ◊5.8 ◊11.5 +4.3 Center Coast MLP Focus C(CCCCX) LP ◊16.6 ◊36.0 ◊2.7 2.19 655
Number of funds for period 424 424 389 Prudential Jennison Natural Resources (PGNAX) SN ◊6.0 ◊34.8 ◊14.7 1.22 629
Nov. ’15 –0.3 ’11 ’15
Money-market 0.25% 0.39%
*Annualized. Leaders and Laggards are among funds with at least $50 million in assets, and include no more than one class of any fund. Today’s fund types: 13-Managed Futures. AA-
$10K min. money-mkt 0.24 0.35 Commodities Agriculture. BB-Commodities Broad Basket. BM-Bear Market. CD-Consumer Cyclical. CC-Consumer Defensive. CE-Commodities Energy. CM-Commodities Miscellaneous.
Existing Home Sales 6
CP-Commodities Precious Metals. CR-Multicurrency. EE-Industrials. FX-Single Currency. GY-Multialternative. IC-Trading-Inverse Commodities. ID-Equity Energy. IE-Trading-Inverse Equity.
6-month CD 0.35 0.41 IM-Commodities Industrial Metal. IS-Trading-Miscellaneous. LC-Trading-Leveraged Commodities. LE-Trading-Leveraged Equity. LO-Long-Short. LP-Energy Limited Partnership. MR-Miscellaneous
Annual Rate, in millions
1-year CD 0.54 0.71 Sector. ND-Trading-Inverse Debt. NE-Market Neutral. SC-Communication. SF-Financial. SH-Health. SN-Natural Resources. SP-Equity Precious Metals. SR-Real Estate. ST-Technology. SU-
Seasonally adjusted Utilities. VD-Trading-Leveraged Debt. VO-Volatility. NA-Not Available. YTD-Year to date. Spotlight tables rotate on a 2-week basis. Source: Morningstar
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Information on all United States stocks, plus bonds, mutual funds, commodities and foreign stocks along
*Credit ratings: good, FICO score 660-749; excellent, FICO score 750-850. Source: Bankrate.com with analysis of industry sectors and stock indexes: nytimes.com/markets
B10 ØN

THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 4, 2016

50SUPER BOWL DENVER vs. CAROLINA 6:30 p.m. Sunday TV: CBS

Time-Honored Sport Looks to the Future

SAN FRANCISCO
On any given Sunday during football
season, the N.F.L., a league that pro-
motes itself as a standard-bearer of in-
novation, produces games that are ana-
log at their core. The
KEN leather ball has been
stitched the same way for
BELSON decades, and the chain
gangs hold the first-down
ON PRO
markers like crossing
FOOTBALL
guards at a busy street
corner. The players smash into one an-
other in a way a fan from a century ago
would recognize.
Yet the league, a $12-billion-a-year
business, seems to be perpetually
searching for the best and latest tech-
Enormous linemen push off one an-
other in a shoving match that recalls
something that could have taken place
among heavyweights millenniums ago.
And then those linemen head to the
sideline and grab a tablet computer to
scroll through high-definition photo-
graphs of their play.
The collision of old and new is con-
stant during the season, but it has been
ever-present here in the cradle of the
country’s high-tech industry in the lead-
up to Super Bowl 50 on Sunday.
In a region filled with private equity
titans, dreamy entrepreneurs and futur-
ists, the N.F.L. has been eager to show
off its technological chops this week. MICROSOFT ROB CARR/GETTY IMAGES

nology to help it deliver that analog On Tuesday, it hosted a round table NEW TECHNOLOGY A rendering showing an example of a AN ENDURING GAME While the N.F.L. has embraced tech-
product to its nearly 200 million fans, called Future of Football (sponsored by hologram that can be seen when a person wears Micro- nological advancements over the years, the basic ele-
who are increasingly tech-savvy. Microsoft, a league partner). On Satur- soft’s HoloLens headset. Microsoft demonstrated the ments of the sport are analog at their core, including
The juxtaposition can be jarring. Continued on Page B12 headset for journalists before the Super Bowl. the chain gangs that hold the first-down markers.

Recruits Revel in Pageantry of National Signing Day

CARLOS OSORIO/ASSOCIATED PRESS

Football fans crowded Hill Auditorium at the University of Michigan for the Wolverines’ self-proclaimed Signing of the Stars extravaganza.

Their First Collegiate Acts:

Starring Roles in a Carnival
By MARC TRACY
Derek Jeter and Tom Brady showed up as
promised in Ann Arbor, Mich. Wolverines
Coach Jim Harbaugh, a onetime Michigan
quarterback, tossed footballs into the crowd
seated in a campus auditorium. Jim Ley-
land, the former Detroit Tigers manager,
appeared onstage with the hip-hop group
Migos. Did they dab? Dab they did.
It was all part of Michigan’s self-pro-
claimed Signing of the
Stars, a flamboyant nation-
al signing day pep rally
streamed live on Wednes-
day by The Players’ Trib-
une — the website founded
by Jeter, a Michigan native
REY DEL RIO/GETTY IMAGES
— and intended to build the
hype around this year’s
Above, from left in front, class of prospective Wol-
Derek Jeter and Tom Bra- verines football players.
dy with Michigan Coach Several hundred miles
evolved into a sports carnival — Fat
Wednesday? — as programs seek to rev up
their fans and make one last pitch to on-
the-fence prospects. Michigan’s event was
the most orchestrated bit of pageantry,
with perhaps the exception of safety Deon-
tay Anderson from Marvel, Tex., who an-
nounced for Ole Miss in a sky diving video.
One tradition that was not unusual was
Alabama hauling in the top-rated class for
the seventh time in the
nine years that Coach Nick
Saban has had a full season
to recruit. The day’s big-
gest surprise was Texas,
which leapt double digits in
the estimations of some re-
cruiting sites after several
prized high school players
chose the Longhorns. This
year’s class will bolster the
job security of Coach Char-
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Jim Harbaugh. Near east, in New Jersey, minia- lie Strong as he enters his
right, defensive tackle ture hot dogs and other third year looking for his
Rashan Gary of Paramus snacks were being served first winning season.
in the auditorium at Param- After the ceremony at
Catholic in New Jersey, Paramus Catholic, a Face-
us Catholic High School,
where he committed to Time communication from
where a more modest event
Michigan in a signing cer- celebrated seven seniors Harbaugh was projected
emony. Other top recruits onto the auditorium’s big
P r e s s R e a d e r. c o m

who announced their com-

included Tariqious Tis- mitments.
dale (Mississippi), top far Rashan Gary, a 6-foot-4, 280-pound defen-
right, and K’Von Wallace sive tackle who was the country’s most
(Clemson). prized recruit, arrived by limousine from
ESPN’s headquarters in Bristol, Conn. A
few hours earlier, Gary had announced on
live television that he had chosen Michigan
over his other finalist, Clemson.
Those events and hundreds of others
were part of the latest national signing day,
CHRISTIAN HANSEN FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES an annual event that in recent years has
screen. He was joined by
Chris Partridge, Paramus Catholic’s for-
mer coach, who joined Michigan’s staff last
season as director of player personnel and
was recently promoted to linebackers and
special teams coach.
Harbaugh extended an “open-door” invi-
tation to any member of the Paramus Cath-
olic Paladins to take a look at Michigan, al-
though he added, “I’m obviously excited to
get the big guy.”
 THE NEW YORK TIMES SPORTS THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 4, 2016 N B11

FOOTBALL

ROUNDUP

Two Sons Raised in Shadows Find Their Niche There

By BENJAMIN HOFFMAN cause of his last name, a criticism
Youth Club
he does not shy away from.
SAN FRANCISCO — If a per-
son encountered Wade Phillips
and Mike Shula on the street,
“I’ll be the first to admit that
my dad, who he is, has opened
doors,” Shula said. “I’d be lying if
Is Ending
Tackle
there would be little reason to be-
lieve the two had anything in I said it didn’t. But I’ve always
common. tried to be extremely apprecia-
tive and take nothing for grant-
Phillips, with a personality as
big as Texas and a one-liner to fit
every occasion, is like a Holly-
wood casting description of “foot-
ed.”
Over the last five seasons, first
as the Panthers’ quarterbacks
Program
coach and then as offensive co-
ball coach” come to life. Shula, By KEN BELSON
ordinator, Shula has been chang-
with a deep tan and a quiet voice,
ing perceptions while building an There will be less tackle foot-
is happy to chat but is unassum-
offense to suit Cam Newton, a ball in Marshall, Tex., a longtime
ing to the point that he seems
quarterback unlike any who hotbed for football that has com-
surprised to be recognized.
came before. While there were peted for high school state cham-
When you dig beneath the sur-
growing pains, everything pionships, produced N.F.L. play-
face, you find men who grew up
seemed to click this season, with ers like Y. A. Tittle and appeared
in the shadows of larger-than-life
the Panthers leading the N.F.L. in in the book “Friday Night
fathers and coaches, Bum Phil-
scoring. Lights.”
lips and Don Shula. And while
Asked to evaluate Shula’s The Boys & Girls Club in Mar-
Wade Phillips, the defensive co-
work, Newton called him his se- shall, an East Texas town of
ordinator of the Denver Broncos,
cret weapon. Newton also said 24,000, announced this week that
and Mike Shula, the offensive co-
the continuity of working with it was ending its tackle football
ordinator of the Carolina Pan-
Shula throughout his pro career program because of the long-
thers, have tried their hand at
had been instrumental in his de- term dangers associated with the
head coaching, they seem happy
velopment. sport. In its place, the club will
now to focus on running one side
“When you’ve got a guy that expand its popular flag football
of a football team rather than
cares about you as a person rath- program.
dealing with the hoopla and the
er than just how many touch- The decision comes less than
distractions that come with being downs you can run and throw, it
in charge of the whole operation.
DAVID J. PHILLIP/ASSOCIATED PRESS two years after the town’s school
kind of makes it different for the district, citing safety and finan-
In the cutthroat N.F.L., both player,” Newton said. “Not only
men have come to be defined by cial concerns, dropped seventh-
that, he asks you and you know grade tackle football, an impor-
the number of times they have by the game play selection that tant entry-level program. The
been sent packing, but they say he takes into consideration what move was highlighted in an arti-
their struggles were just part of you like to do.” cle in The New York Times in
what got them to the Super Bowl. Position coaches and players 2014 on the growing awareness of
For Phillips, a series of hirings said that while Shula was stub- perils in the sport.
and firings over the years could born, he was also modest when it The Boys & Girls Club taught
have worn him down, but that is came to what he had done for the players the Heads Up Tackling
all he has known. His father, who Panthers. method, which emphasizes lifting
was a coaching legend in the “He’s put together a tremen- the head rather than drilling it
South long before he ran the dous offense,” Ken Dorsey, the into an opponent; trained its
Houston Oilers in the 1970s, was team’s quarterbacks coach, said. coaches to detect concussions;
hired and fired by so many teams “I think some people don’t like it and gave its referees the autono-
at so many levels that he once di- because they might not under- my to pull players from a game if
vided coaches into two camps: stand it at times. But I think he’s they suspected they had sus-
those who have been fired and done a great job in terms of ad- tained a head injury.
those who will be. justing to what pieces we have.” Ultimately, though, the board
For the younger Phillips, that Shula, 50, said Carolina’s run at of the club decided that the po-
has been all too true. This is his a perfect season of its own — the tential for head trauma in the
eighth stop as a defensive coordi- team started the season 14-0 — young players, coupled with the
nator, with three stints as an in- was a lot of fun, and he talked ex- legal exposure and high cost of
terim coach and three full-time citedly about having Don Shula, running the program, was no
head coaching jobs mixed in. now 86, coming out for the Super longer worth it. It voted, 18 to 2,
Asked to single out which job Bowl. with one abstention, to end the
he had been most unjustly fired But Phillips, while regaling re- tackle football program, which
from, Phillips thought about it porters with tales of the past, had about 75 players.
and said, “I’m going to say every NFL PHOTOS, VIA ASSOCIATED PRESS slipped into a rare somber tone Pop Warner shut down in Mar-
one of them.” when asked about how his bom- shall six years ago. For five
John Elway, the Broncos’ gen- Wade Phillips, top right, then with the Texans, with his father, Bum, a former bastic father, who died in 2013, years, the Boys & Girls Club was
eral manager, said he was im- coach, in 2011. Mike Shula, above left, was an assistant under his father, Don, with would have appreciated the cha- the only youth tackle program in
pressed by the humility Phillips the Dolphins. Shula, now with the Panthers, and Phillips, of the Broncos, had un- os of Super Bowl week. town. Tackle football is still avail-
showed when he admitted that he even experiences as head coaches but have succeeded as coordinators. “He could handle all this,” Phil- able in eighth grade and in high
was not a great head coach and lips said. “He’d have a lot of fun- school.
by the way he stood up for him- ny things to say, I could tell you In the Marshall area, two inde-
self as a great defensive coordi- that. But let’s not talk about my pendent youth leagues offering
nator. his teams improved immediately, Phillips said getting off to a fast when he set out on his own to dad too much.” tackle football have sprung up in
Phillips said Elway had exag- with the most extreme leap com- start at a new job came down to coach. Only recently has he en- The jovial Phillips, 68, who has the last year, but it is unclear how
gerated his words. ing when he took the Houston teaching and presentation. He joyed some sustained success. been coaching in the N.F.L. since many players from the Boys &
“I was a lousy head coach,” Texans from the 30th-ranked de- said he purposefully deceived his He served as the offensive co- 1976, recovered quickly, with the Girls Club in Marshall have
Phillips, hired by Denver in Janu- fense in terms of yards a game in players in terms of the simplicity ordinator of the Tampa Bay Buc- next question about how long he switched to the independent
ary 2015, said. “And I didn’t say 2010 to second in 2011. (That team of the game plan. caneers from 1996 until Febru- would like to keep coaching. leagues.
‘great’; I said I’m a pretty good had the help of a rookie named “We try to say, ‘Hey, this is ary 2000, with many believing his “I’d like to finish this year,” he “Football is still a great sport,”
defensive coordinator. That’s my J. J. Watt.) simple: We’re going to get this offense was holding back a team deadpanned. said Bryan Partee, the executive
niche, and that’s what I’ve done Denver’s jump this season may done this way, and if they do this, that Tony Dungy had at the door- Come Sunday, Shula will send director of the local Boys & Girls
well.” not have seemed as dramatic, then we kind of adjust right step of contention. His tenure as his atypical offense out to try to Club and the son of Dennis Par-
While Phillips’s head coaching with the Broncos going from here,’” Phillips said. “We’re actu- head coach at Alabama, from bust open holes in Phillips’s suf- tee, a kicker for the San Diego
stints in Buffalo and Dallas were third in the N.F.L. in yards al- ally moving to a different cover- 2003 to 2006, included a 10-win focating defense. While their Chargers in the 1960s and ’70s.
more successful than people may lowed to first, but anyone who age, but they don’t know that.” season and a Cotton Bowl victory, presence will always remind peo- “But at the Boys & Girls Club, we
remember, he has had his great- watched the team’s dismantling Shula, too, has endured firings but his combined record in his ple of their famous fathers, one of have to decide how to best take
est success running defenses. In of Tom Brady and the New Eng- and second-guessing. After a other three seasons was 16-21, them will walk away with a Super care of our kids.”
24 seasons as a defensive coordi- land Patriots in the A.F.C. cham- childhood in which he watched and the bowl win was vacated be- Bowl ring of his own. And he will
nator, he has had a top-10 defense pionship game knows Phillips his father win two Super Bowls, cause of N.C.A.A. infractions. have done it by sticking with his BRONCOS SAFETIES PRACTICE
15 times and a top-five defense has turned a good unit into some- including one at the end of a per- Shula’s struggles led some to way of doing things, no matter The Denver Broncos began their
nine times. At each of his stops, thing special. fect 1972 season, Shula struggled say he was a coach strictly be- how many times it got him fired. final preparations for Super Bowl
50 with their two starting safe-
ties, T. J. Ward and Darian Stew-
art, limited in practice but run-
ning freely on Wednesday.
Ward favored his sprained left
Son of Bum Speaks ankle only slightly, and Stewart
appeared to be running on his
Wade Phillips, the outspoken defensive coordinator for the Denver Broncos, has been, well, sprained right knee without re-
outspoken this week ahead of the Super Bowl. Some of his more quotable moments: striction. They were hurt in the
second half of the A.F.C. champi-
On what type of player he looks for: “Give me On whether he pays someone to handle his onship game.
a good player, and we’ll try to fit him in some- popular Twitter account, @sonofbum: “I can’t The only other Denver player
where. They’ve always asked me before what pay anybody to do that. It’s not that hard. My who was limited was right guard
kind of player I want. I want a good player.” little grandkids can do it, so I should be able Louis Vasquez (knee), but he,
to send something out.”
too, was expected to play Sunday.
Another Bronco, the practice
squad safety Ryan Murphy, was
On one of the most memorable moves of his sent home after being questioned
well-traveled family, in which he found out it by the authorities during a prosti-
was time to move on the day of the move: tution sting in San Jose, Calif. Sgt.
“I got a note to come down to the principal’s James Jensen of the Santa Clara
office, and as I’m walking down, I look outside, County Sheriff’s Office said Mur-
and I can see a moving van by our house. So I phy, 23, was detained and ques-
guess, check out of school, no more girlfriend, tioned Tuesday and released af-
see you later — that was it.” ter investigators determined he
was not involved in any criminal
On Cam Newton: “You’re giving activities.
At the Carolina Panthers’ prac-
On if he thought linebacker Von Miller, above me nightmares now, right?
tice, linebacker Thomas Davis, a
right, would be a star before Miller was taken Yeah, I’ve never seen little more than a week removed
with the No. 2 pick in the 2011 draft, one one like him, and from surgery on his broken right
spot after Cam Newton, above left: “Every- nobody else has.” forearm, was a full participant.
body thought that. He was the No. 2 pick in Defensive end Jared Allen,
the draft. And the guy who was No. 1, I hope BENJAMIN who missed the Panthers’ win
they’re together a lot on Sunday.” HOFFMAN over Arizona in the N.F.C. cham-
pionship game with a broken
On the Music City Miracle, a controversial play bone in his right foot, was a lim-
that cost his Buffalo Bills a playoff victory in ited participant. No other Pan-
2000: “You mean the Music City Mistake?” thers were limited or held out.
“Jared’s was really about rest,”
Panthers Coach Ron Rivera said.
On his first Super Bowl appearance, when “He’s been going full blast since
his Denver Broncos lost to the San
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CO PY R I G H T A N D P R OT E C T E D BY A P P L I C A B L E L AW

Francisco 49ers, 55-10, in 1990: ed to just make sure. So he

“I blotted that out.” earned the rest.” (AP)
JETS ADD A VERSATILE THREAT
On whether he has found any other The Jets signed Dri Archer, a
players on Twitter since his recon- speedy running back and kick re-
necting with safety Shiloh Keo turner, to a reserve/future con-
via social media led the Bron- tract. Archer, who has also
P r e s s R e a d e r. c o m

cos to sign Keo: “No. In fact, if played wide receiver, was a third-
people would quit Twittering round draft pick by Pittsburgh
me now to try to get on the out of Kent State in 2014. He was
team, I’d appreciate it. I’ve got waived in November. (AP)
lots of guys saying, ‘I played REDSKINS SIGN LINEMAN The
in junior high, and I know I can Washington Redskins signed de-
help you.’ ” fensive lineman Ziggy Hood, a
first-round draft pick by Pitts-
burgh in 2009, to a reserve/future
JOE MAHONEY/ASSOCIATED PRESS
contract. Hood played two games
for Chicago last season. (AP)
B12 N THE NEW YORK TIMES SPORTS THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 4, 2016

‘I knew that he had gone the distance. Because Kenny Stabler was never tired.’
KIM BUSH, the partner of Stabler, a former N.F.L. quarterback who died in July

AL MESSERSCHMIDT/ASSOCIATED PRESS

Ken Stabler,
A Magnetic Star, above, was the
N.F.L.’s most
valuable player

Sapped of Spirit in 1974 and led

By a Brain Disease
From Page A1
ute to symptoms experienced by those
who later had C.T.E. diagnosed.
Stabler, well known by his nickname,
the Snake (“He’d run 200 yards to score
from 20 yards out,” Stabler’s junior high
school coach told Sports Illustrated in
1977), is one of the highest-profile foot-
ball players to have had C.T.E. The list,
now well over 100 names long, includes
at least seven members of the Pro Foot-
ball Hall of Fame, including Junior
the Raiders to a
Super Bowl title
two seasons lat-
er. Left, Stabler
was pursued by
the Broncos’
perhaps kicker, is immune from pro- Lyle Alzado (77)
gressive brain damage linked to hits to
and Joe Rizzo in
the head, both concussive and subcon-
cussive. 1978.
Stabler is the seventh former N.F.L.
quarterback found to have had C.T.E. by
Boston University, which has found
C.T.E. in 90 of the 94 former N.F.L. play-
ers it has examined, including the for-
mer Giants safety Tyler Sash, who died
at 27 in September and whose diagnosis
was made public last week.
On Wednesday, the family of another ASSOCIATED PRESS

Seau, Mike Webster and Frank Gifford.
Few, if any, had the free-spirited cha-
risma of Stabler, a longhaired, left-hand-
ed quarterback from Alabama who per-
sonified the renegade Oakland Raiders
in the 1970s. Stabler was the N.F.L.’s
most valuable player in 1974 and led the
Raiders to their first Super Bowl title
two seasons later. He ended his 15-year
N.F.L. career with the New Orleans
Saints in 1984.
“He had moderately severe disease,”
said Dr. Ann McKee, chief of neuro-
pathology at the V.A. Boston Healthcare
System and a professor of neurology
and pathology at Boston University
School of Medicine, who conducted the
examination. “Pretty classic. It may be
surprising since he was a quarterback,
but certainly the lesions were wide-
spread, and they were quite severe, af-
fecting many regions of the brain.”
A Shared Risk
Quarterbacks are provided more pro-
tection from hits than most football
players. An offensive line’s purpose is,
in part, to protect the quarterback, and
leagues like the N.F.L. have special
rules to discourage severe blows to
players in the most important position
on the field.
But Stabler’s diagnosis further sug-
gests that no position in football, except
Super Bowl quarterback, Earl Morrall,
told The New York Times that Morrall
was found to have Stage 4 C.T.E. after
his death in 2014 at 79.
Morrall was best known as a trust-
worthy backup to two future Hall of
Fame players, Johnny Unitas of the Bal-
timore Colts and Bob Griese of the Mi-
ami Dolphins.
With Unitas missing most of the 1968
season with an injury, Morrall led the
Colts to a 13-1 record and two post-
season victories. But he threw three in-
terceptions in a stunning upset loss to
Joe Namath and the Jets in Super Bowl
III.
In 1972, at age 38 and with his familiar
crew cut, Morrall took over for an in-
jured Griese in the fifth game of the sea-
son and helped lead the Dolphins to a
perfect record. Griese returned in the
conference championship game and
played in Miami’s Super Bowl victory to
cap a 17-0 season, still the only perfect
record of the 50-year Super Bowl era.
Morrall was an all-American at Mich-
igan State and drafted second over all in
1956 by the San Francisco 49ers. He
played 21 seasons with six N.F.L. teams.
When he died in April 2014, his family
said that the cause was complications
from Parkinson’s disease.
Morrall’s son Matthew confirmed
that the family was told Morrall had
C.T.E.
Because C.T.E. can be diagnosed only
posthumously, and most brains are not
examined for the disease, incidence
rates among athletes and nonathletes
are difficult to ascertain. A study by the
Mayo Clinic, released in the fall, found
C.T.E. in 21 of 66 men who played con-
tact sports (mostly football), but found
no traces of the disease in 198 other
brains of men who had no exposure to
contact sports. The Mayo Clinic said it
was unclear whether brain changes in
the athletes caused any changes in be-
havior.
Scientists are quick to note that they
do not understand why some football
players get C.T.E. and others do not.
But the disease, once thought to af-
flict mostly boxers, has been found in
recent years in deceased athletes who
have played soccer, rugby and even
baseball.
Most brains are donated by families
hoping to understand why their loved
one’s cognitive functions declined in lat-
er years. Symptoms of C.T.E. are similar
to those of Alzheimer’s disease or de-
mentia, including memory loss, confu-
sion, impulsiveness and depression.
“On some days, when he wasn’t feel-
ing extremely bad, things were kind of
normal,” Bush said. “But on other days
it was intense. I think Kenny’s head rat-
tled for about 10 years.”
For decades, the N.F.L. rebutted re-
search by independent experts that
connected brain trauma to long-term
cognitive impairment. Only in recent
years, long after Stabler’s career ended,
has the league begun to publicly ac-
knowledge it has a problem.
Dangers of a Long Career
Stabler is a finalist for this year’s Pro
Football Hall of Fame class, to be voted
upon by sportswriters and announced
on Saturday, the day before Super Bowl
50 in Santa Clara, Calif.
He was a finalist three times before,
the last in 2003, and his nomination reg-
ularly led to sturdy debate. This time,
Stabler was selected posthumously as a
senior finalist, along with Dick Stanfel,
an offensive lineman who died at 87 in
June.
Like those of other famous players,
Stabler’s long career may have bol-
stered his case for the Hall, but it also
made him more susceptible to long-
term brain disease.
“The very severity of the disease, at
least that we’re seeing in American
football players, seems to correlate with
the duration of play,” McKee said. “The
longer they play, the more severe we
see it. But it’s also the years since re-
tirement, to the age of death — not only
the longer you play, but the longer you
live after you stop playing.”
After retiring from football, Stabler
worked as a broadcast analyst for the
N.F.L. and for the University of Ala-
bama, where he had played quarter-
back under Coach Bear Bryant. His
damaged knees became such a problem
in the past 10 years that he rarely ven-
tured out.
It was not until the final few years
that his family recognized a rapid de-
cline in his cognitive functions, too. Sev-
eral symptoms — which cannot be con-
clusively attributed to C.T.E. — began to
show themselves quickly, beginning
with Stabler’s complaints of a high-
pitched ringing in his head. In his final
year, he once gritted his teeth so hard
that he broke a bridge in his mouth and
had to get dental implants.
“There were days when I walked in
the door and looked at his face, and I
could tell,” Bush said. “He was sitting in
his chair, because he was always wait-
ing for me, and the news was on and
whatnot, and he had his head laid back,
and his eyes just scrunched up so tight
that I used to think that would give you
a headache in itself, just the pure pres-
sure of squinting like that.”
Noise and bright lights became ene-
mies. A lifelong lover of music, Stabler
stopped listening to the radio in the car,

In a Technological Hotbed, a Time-Honored Sport Looks to the Future

and from the game. Apple is also use, he said, it is reluctant to let vice works. In a faux living room with holograms, other images form, is a reflection of society,
From First Sports Page running company buses to the that technology bleed too far into with a coffee table, a sofa and and data dropped into the field of and society is more technologi-
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day, the league will hold a compe-
tition at Stanford University for
12 start-ups trying to win financ-
ing for products designed to im-
prove the watching of the game
at home and at the stadiums and
to develop “Tomorrow’s Athlete.”
The Super Bowl host commit-
game, and it has donated iPhones
and laptops to the Super Bowl
host committee. Still, neither
company has pulled out the stops
to throw its brand around here in
the same way as many other
companies.
Brian Rolapp, the league’s ex-
the game.
“A lot of that comes from the
No. 1 objective, is to keep the
competition pure,” Rolapp said
moments after attending a panel
discussion that included a de-
scription of HoloLens, a headset
being developed by Microsoft
football-themed pillows, compa-
ny technicians showed highlights
from a Seahawks-49ers game on
a flat-panel television.
With the HoloLens headset on,
you could see additional statistics
to the left and right of the screen.
The entire field was in view, not
vision. This, they said, is more
complementary to the game.
To an older generation of fans
who grew up with a few games a
week on network television and
perhaps a highlight show or two
in between, HoloLens may seem
to be a high-tech distraction from
cally dependent, so it’s logical
that the N.F.L. will embrace tech-
nology.”
Innovative technology, de Pic-
ciotto added, has been a part of
the N.F.L. for decades, such as
the radio headsets in the helmets
of quarterbacks and the Telestra-
P r e s s R e a d e r. c o m

tee has also raised millions of dol-
lars in donations from a range of
technology giants, including Ap-
ple and Google, two companies
not normally associated with the
N.F.L. or other sports leagues.
Google is paying for its shuttle
buses to ferry Bay Area fans to
Katie Benner and Conor Dougher-
ty contributed reporting.
ecutive vice president for media,
is paid to rub shoulders with the
likes of Apple, Google, Facebook,
Twitter and any other company
that will deliver the N.F.L. to fans
in a way that complements, but
does not dilute, its principal prod-
uct: the games.
While the league may be eager
to deliver football to its fans on
whatever device they want to
that will show games in “aug-
mented reality.”
“All the stuff we talk about
from a business perspective, if
the game isn’t fair, it’s not worth
it,” he said. “The focus should be
on the human competition. We’re
very protective of that.”
HoloLens is in its infancy, but
Microsoft was eager to demon-
strate to reporters how the de-
just the portion of the field shown
on television. And on the coffee
table, a hologram of a play ap-
peared that could be started,
stopped and rotated to better an-
alyze the players on the field.
Microsoft was careful to distin-
guish between virtual reality, in
which viewers are immersed in a
digital world, and HoloLens,
which they called a mixed reality,
the game.
But the N.F.L. is more focused
on younger fans. And if those
fans are watching football in new
ways and on new devices, then
the N.F.L. would be foolhardy not
to find ways to reach them.
Phil de Picciotto, the president
of Octagon Worldwide, a sports
marketing agency, said: “Foot-
ball, as the leading sports plat-
tor, the device that television an-
alysts use to diagram plays on
top of video. Most of these addi-
tions did not change the game but
aimed to enhance it.
What technology is unlikely to
do, though, is fundamentally alter
the game — the collisions, the
Hail Mary passes, the fist pumps
and the high-fives. At least for
now.
 THE NEW YORK TIMES SPORTS THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 4, 2016 N B13

‘He played 15 seasons in the N.F.L., gave up his body and, apparently, now his mind.’
ALEXA STABLER, the second of Ken Stabler’s three grown daughters

Lesions
Microscopically,
lesions of C.T.E.
were widespread
throughout the
brain, including,
at left from top,
the frontal lobe,
the temporal
lobe, the
hippocampus
4 and the
amygdala.
The lesions
2 consisted of
1 dense patches of
abnormal tau
proteins (dark
areas) in
neurons and
astrocytes
3 surrounding
small blood
vessels.
These features
indicate
Stage 3 C.T.E.
Ken Stabler’s Brain
An examination of Ken Stabler’s brain shows evidence of chronic traumatic encephalopathy, or C.T.E., the
degenerative brain disease believed to be caused by repeated blows to the head.
1 The frontal 2 The septum 3 The temporal 4 This portion of the corpus Source: Dr. Ann C.
region of the pellucidum, normally region of the callosum is thinned. Compare McKee, V.A. Boston
brain shows a thin membrane that brain, including the thickness of this band of Healthcare/Boston
shrinkage. divides the two sides the hippocampus, white matter with its University School of
of the brain, is torn. shows shrinkage. thickness in other regions. Medicine
THE NEW YORK TIMES

choosing to drive hours in silence. He

increasingly complained about the
clanging of kitchen dishes and the vol-
ume of the television.
Family and friends found him re-
peating himself, sharing stories private-
ly or during public events that he had
told just minutes before. He lost his
sense of direction, pointing north when
he spoke about the coast just a few
miles south of his home in Gulfport,
Miss. Driving, he became flustered at
four-way stop signs.
In the fall of 2014, he moved to Ari-
zona to be closer to his oldest daughter,
Kendra Stabler Moyes, 45, and her twin
sons, 17-year-old Justin and Jack, who
play high school football.
“I remember them calling me and
saying, ‘Mom, Papa keeps stopping at
green lights,’” Stabler Moyes said.
Stabler recognized his decline, but it
was not his personality to talk about his
problems. He did not tell his daughters
as he battled prostate cancer for three
years, harking to what John Madden,
Stabler’s coach in Oakland, described
after Stabler’s death — a player who
would not go into the training room until
he was sure everyone else was gone.
“His vision of what a leader is, what a
strong person is, is someone who did
not show signs of weakness,” said Alexa ASSOCIATED PRESS

Stabler, 29, the second of Stabler’s three

grown daughters. “Because it would af-
fect the people he relied on and the peo-
ple he cared about, whether that was his
family or his teammates.”
In his later years, Stabler worried
about the risk of concussions to his
grandsons, a sign of his growing ambiv-
alence toward football. The boys lived
with Stabler for a time, and he drove
them to school and went to all their
practices and games. Both are now ju-
niors in high school, and neither is a
quarterback, but Justin wears his
grandfather’s No. 12 on the field.
“One year one of my boys wasn’t sure
he was going to play, and my dad was
almost superexcited about it,” Stabler
Moyes said. “He said: ‘I think that’s
great. He can focus on his studies.’ He
loved that they played, he loved watch-
ing them, but he was so worried about
concussions. He was worried about
their brains.”
‘Ready to Deal With That?’
Stabler wondered about his own mind
years before he died. He and Bush
talked about it after the 2002 death of
the longtime Oakland center Dave Dal-
by, who mysteriously crashed his car
into a tree in a parking lot. It came up
again after an event where Stabler saw
a struggling John Mackey, the Hall of
Fame tight end. Mackey died in 2011,
and C.T.E. was diagnosed.
“I remember Kenny looking at me
and saying, ‘You ready to deal with
that?’” Bush said.
More and more of his peers had their
brains examined and were found to
have C.T.E., too. And when Seau, the
former linebacker, shot himself in the
chest in 2012 and C.T.E. was later diag-
nosed, Stabler vowed to give his brain
for research.
“I asked him, point blank: ‘Are you
willing to participate in the study? Is
that something you want to do?’” Bush
said. “He said: ‘Yeah, I want to do that.
I should definitely do that.’”
Stabler added his name to a class-
action lawsuit brought by former play-
ers against the N.F.L., seeking damages
from decades of concussions. The suit
was settled last April and is under ap-
peal. Under the current deal, Stabler’s
family would not be eligible for compen-
sation because Stabler’s C.T.E. was di-
agnosed after the April 2015 cutoff.
EDMUND D. FOUNTAIN FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
“He played 15 seasons in the N.F.L.,
gave up his body and, apparently, now
his mind,” Alexa Stabler said as she
fought back tears. “And to see the state
that he was in physically and mentally
when he died, and to learn that despite
all the energy and time and resources
he gave to football — and not that he
played the game for free, he made
money, too — without the knowledge
that this is where he would end up,
physically and cognitively, and for the
settlement to say you get nothing? It’s
hard not to be angry.”
The day after last year’s Super Bowl,
shortly before scheduled surgery to re-
place his aching knees, Stabler learned
Raiders Coach pus and amygdala, and those are the big
John Madden, learning and memory centers,” McKee
said. “And when you see that kind of
above right,
damage in those areas, usually people
helping Ken Sta- are demented. So if he was still func-
bler off the field tioning reasonably well, he was com-
after he was pensating, but I don’t think that com-
sacked in 1978. pensation would have lasted much long-
Left, Kim Bush, er.”
Stabler’s long- To N.F.L. fans, it can be hard to sep-
time companion, arate the swashbuckling image of the
in the room he Snake from the man his family knew —
a constant presence, a willing chauffeur,
used as his office
a not-so-great cook.
in their home in “Certainly my friends thought it was
Gulfport, Miss. a cool thing to have a famous father,”
Marissa Stabler, 27, said. “But to them
he was just Mr. Kenny, our chauffeur
and our chef. He’d drive us to Alabama
games. He always took the time for any
fan or any person. It didn’t matter if we
were out to dinner; he always set his
fork down and took time for a conversa-
tion or an autograph. That’s just the
person who he was, his Southern roots.”
When Stabler was 31, a 1977 Sports Il-
he had Stage 4 colon cancer. lustrated feature story detailed his pen-
“The cancer took him away, but his chant for honky-tonks and marinas,
mind was definitely in a pretty quick usually with a drink in one hand and a
downward spiral,” Stabler Moyes said. pretty woman in the other. Already
“I’m grateful that he was still so married twice, he married again before
present, still so there. Because I defi- he spent 16 years in a relationship with
nitely don’t think he would have been in Bush. He pondered what he might do af-
even three more years.” ter football. Open a honky-tonk himself,
McKee found widespread damage he thought.
and the buildup of abnormal tau pro- “My lifestyle is too rough — too much
teins throughout Stabler’s brain, consis- booze and babes and cigarettes — to be
tent with the symptoms that Stabler a high school coach,” Stabler said. “I’d
tried to disguise, mostly with his sense hardly be a shining example to the
of humor, from all but his closest friends young athletes of the future.”
and family. His family hopes that the most pow-
“His changes were extremely severe erful lesson he provides is the one deliv-
in parts of the brain like the hippocam- ered after he was gone.

Officials Offer Reassurances on Security

Heavily armed specialists with
the San Francisco Police De-
partment were all over Super
By KEN BELSON agencies. He said many measures France in the northern suburb Bowl City on Wednesday.
would not be seen by the public, St.-Denis during a match be-
SAN FRANCISCO — With
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anxiety heightened three months
after terrorists struck a stadium
amid a bloody series of attacks in
and around Paris, local and fed-
eral law enforcement officials
said Wednesday that there was
no credible threat to Super Bowl
but he did not elaborate.
“We look forward to a safe and
secure and successful Super
Bowl,” said Mr. Johnson, who in-
spected Levi’s Stadium, the site of
the game, earlier Wednesday. He
said he would not be at the game.
Security is always a concern at
tween the French and German spend money to help secure the
soccer teams. event. That rating is one level be-
The attackers did not get past low a national special security
the gates of the stadium that event, the highest. The first Su-
night, but their attempt was a re- per Bowl after the terrorist at-
minder that stadiums can be tar- tacks of Sept. 11, 2001, held in New
gets. Orleans, had that designation.
Mr. Johnson said he had been Mr. Miller said a no-fly zone
P r e s s R e a d e r. c o m

50 and that several measures,
many of them not visible to the
public, would protect it.
The secretary of Homeland Se-
curity, Jeh Johnson, flanked by
nearly a dozen other law enforce-
ment officials, said security for
the game, set for Sunday, and for
events surrounding it here this
week involved an array of local
and federal law enforcement
the Super Bowl, one of the coun-
try’s highest-profile events. Last
year’s game, with 168 million
viewers, was the most-watched
show in American history.
But security this year has re-
ceived greater focus by the
league and security officials after
the attacks in Paris in November,
when terrorists struck several
venues, including Stade de
in contact with his counterpart in
France at the Ministry of the In-
terior. Jeffrey Miller, the head of
security for the N.F.L., traveled
to France over the summer, be-
fore the attacks, as part of a ses-
sion to share knowledge among
international security experts.
“We’re always collectively
talking and paying attention to
trade craft and things occurring
overseas because if we see some-
thing happen there, there is a
good possibility someone may try
to do something like that on U.S.
CHANG W. LEE/THE NEW YORK TIMES
soil,” Mr. Miller said.
The Super Bowl has a Tier 1
special event assessment rating,
which allows federal agencies to
would extend from San Jose,
Calif., to near San Francisco In-
ternational Airport, starting an
hour before the game and con-
tinuing until midnight. Many fans
flying to the game on private jets
will arrive in Oakland, Calif., as a
result. The temporary flight re-
striction does not apply to com-
mercial flights controlled by air
traffic control.
B14 Ø N
U.S. Soccer Sues Union Representing the Women’s National Team
By ANDREW DAS
U.S. Soccer sued the union rep-
resenting the world champion
United States women’s national
team in federal court Wednesday,
a sudden escalation of a simmer-
ing labor fight over the team’s col-
lective bargaining agreement.
In the lawsuit, U.S. Soccer, the
national governing body for the
sport, is seeking to have a court
rule that the terms of the agree-
ment — which expired in 2012 but
has continued to be the guiding
document over the relationship
between the federation and star
players like Hope Solo and Alex
Morgan — remain valid. U.S. Soc-
cer seeks no penalties; instead, it
asked for “declaratory relief” stat-
ing that the players’ union must
abide by a slightly modified ver-
sion of the agreement that is set to
expire in December.
U.S. Soccer said in the court fil-
ing that it “reluctantly” brought
the action against the union repre-
Celtics Have Solid Base,
But Their Architect
Works on Bigger Plans
Danny Ainge does not require
much persuasion in order to admit,
“The reality is that we haven’t
done anything yet other than not
falling to the bottom of the barrel.”
True, the Boston Celtics — the
team for which
HARVEY Ainge serves as
president of basket-
ARATON ball operations —
stepped into Madi-
ON PRO son Square Garden
BASKETBALL
to play the Knicks on
Tuesday night in line for an East-
ern Conference playoff spot. But
let’s apply some timely context:
Phil Jackson, Ainge’s Knicks coun-
terpart, might be held up as the ex-
ecutive of the year merely for re-
storing the Knicks to sub-.500 com-
petitive, from abysmally unwatch-
able.
In his 13 years at the Celtics’
helm, Ainge, tagged with the nick-
name Trader Dan, has become a
premier N.B.A. executive, no un-
complicated feat in a city still thick
with the scent of Red Auerbach’s
victory cigars.
Ainge, 56, at least has an organi-
zational résumé, as a pugnacious
guard on two Celtics championship
teams during the 1980s, better
known as the Larry Bird era. But
Ainge also re-established the fran-
chise as title transcendent in 2008
after roughly two decades as an
also-ran and, in doing so, outper-
formed as an executive the legend-
ary Bird, who now runs the Indi-
ana Pacers.
Having launched the so-called
Big 3 approach to contention by us-
ing young assets and draft picks to
match Ray Allen and Kevin Gar-
nett with the holdover Paul Pierce
in 2007, Ainge rode his veterans for
as long as he could before disman-
tling the roster in the interests of
another reconstruction.
Far from the anesthetizing tank-
ing in Philadelphia, the Celtics —
with the exception of a 25-57 sea-
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senting the women’s team after
the executive director of the un-
ion, Richard Nichols, threatened
to repudiate the agreement and its
no-strike clause in a negotiating
session in New York.
Nichols, reached late Wednes-
day, rejected the accusation that
he had raised the possibility of a
labor action, saying, “There were
no threats about strikes or work
stoppages.” He said the players
had merely “reserved our legal
rights.”
“They interpreted that as a
threat,” he said of U.S. Soccer.
Nichols added: “We have an
honest disagreement about
whether there is a valid C.B.A.
We’re just trying to get some clar-
ity.”
U.S. Soccer seems to share that
goal. It released a statement in
which it said it was seeking relief
from the court to prevent labor ac-
tions from disrupting national
team matches, the coming Nation-
son in 2013-14 — have stayed in the
playoff picture under Ainge and
Brad Stevens, the third-year coach
hired straight off the Butler cam-
pus.
That is another trend Ainge has
set, or reversed — the belief that
the college game is no place to pre-
pare for leading a team of multi-
millionaires. Since Ainge hired Ste-
vens, Oklahoma City and Chicago
have handed teams to Billy Dono-
van (out of Florida) and Fred
Hoiberg (Iowa State) with consid-
erably more talent than Stevens in-
herited in Boston.
We, of course, obsess about
coaches as they X-and-O, come
and go, but the back rooms are
where the videos churn and brain
cells burn and the least obstructed
pathways to playing in late June
are paved.
Arenas far from the home court
— on scouting trips to college
towns and other countries, per-
haps — are where hushed conver-
sations with N.B.A. colleagues be-
get rumored possibilities and, oc-
casionally, a blockbuster deal.
So excuse Ainge for skipping the
Celtics’ 97-89 win over the Knicks
and keeping his office in Boston
vacant for the rest of the week. He
is out on the trail, February being
one of those months for senior bas-
ketball executives, like tax season
for accountants, with the college
schedule heating up and the N.B.A.
trading deadline bearing down.
In a telephone interview, Ainge
said the pressure of the Celtics’ re-
building had been eased by the
team’s squeezing into the postsea-
son last season and its position this
year — tied for the third playoff
spot in the tightly bunched East.
In a relatively short time, Ainge
has developed a roster of solid
young veterans: guards Isaiah
Thomas and Avery Bradley and
the frontcourt players Jared Sullin-
ger, Kelly Olynyk and especially
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THE NEW YORK TIMES SPORTS THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 4, 2016
SOCCER SCOREBOARD
PRO BASKETBALL
N.B.A. STANDINGS
EASTERN CONFERENCE
al Women’s Soccer League season standing that was signed in March tournament, and U.S. Soccer or- Atlantic W L Pct GB
and potentially even the Ameri- 2013 with the players’ representa- ganized a 10-game victory tour.
Toronto 33 16 .673 —
cans’ participation in this sum- tives. That memorandum was to But signs of labor strife emerged
mer’s Olympics. expire at the end of 2016. during the tour; many of the Boston 29 22 .569 5
“We are confident the court will But on Dec. 24, Nichols, who games were scheduled to be Knicks 23 28 .451 11
confirm the existence and validity took over as executive director of played on artificial turf, annoying Nets 12 38 .240 21{
of the current C.B.A., which has the players’ union in 2014, in- the players, who had sued FIFA a Philadelphia 7 42 .143 26
been in effect since U.S. Soccer formed U.S. Soccer that the union year earlier in an unsuccessful ef- Southeast W L Pct GB
and the Women’s National Team considered the updated memoran- fort to have the World Cup played Atlanta 29 22 .569 —
Players Association reached dum of understanding invalid as a on grass.
Miami 28 22 .560 {
agreement almost three years collective bargaining agreement. Tensions came to a head in De-
ago,” U.S. Soccer said, adding, He said that if a new agreement cember when a victory-tour game Charlotte 24 25 .490 4
“While unfortunate, we believe was not in place in 60 days — by at Aloha Stadium in Hawaii was Washington 21 26 .447 6
taking this action provides the Feb. 24 — the old one would end canceled after the stadium’s artifi- Orlando 21 27 .438 6{
parties with the most efficient and the players would no longer cial-turf playing surface was Central W L Pct GB
path to a resolution.” be bound by its no-strike clause. deemed unacceptable. U.S. Soc- Cleveland 35 13 .729 —
In effect, the lawsuit is a dis- The lawsuit puts U.S. Soccer cer’s president, Sunil Gulati, apol-
Chicago 26 21 .553 8{
agreement about whether the and its players in an uncomfort- ogized for the fiasco, and U.S. Soc-
team has a valid labor agreement, able adversarial position in what cer pledged not to schedule any Indiana 26 23 .531 9{
as U.S. Soccer contends. Nichols was expected to be a celebratory games on turf in the run-up to the Detroit 26 24 .520 10
has argued that it does not. year. The women’s team’s pop- Rio Games, but Nichols and the Milwaukee 20 31 .392 16{
In the lawsuit, U.S. Soccer ac- ularity, always high, soared over players were furious. WESTERN CONFERENCE
knowledged that the team’s last the summer when it won the “I think women have made it
Southwest W L Pct GB
collective bargaining agreement Women’s World Cup for the first clear, not just here but around the
San Antonio 41 8 .837 —
expired in 2012, but the organ- time since 1999. world, that playing on artificial
ization said that deal lived on as a The players were honored in a turf is just not acceptable,” Nichols Memphis 29 20 .592 12
revised memorandum of under- parade in New York City after the said at the time. Dallas 28 24 .538 14{
Houston 26 25 .510 16
PRO BASKETBALL New Orleans
Northwest
18
W
30 .375 22{
L Pct GB
Oklahoma City 38 13 .745 —
N.B.A. ROUNDUP Portland 24 26 .480 13{
Utah 22 25 .468 14
51 Points Denver
Minnesota
Pacific
19
14
W
30 .388
36 .280 23{
L Pct GB
18
From Curry Golden State
L.A. Clippers
45
32
4 .918
16 .667 12{
—
27 .438 23{
Lift Warriors
Sacramento 21
Phoenix 14 36 .280 31{
L.A. Lakers 10 41 .196 36
WEDNESDAY
By The Associated Press
Indiana 114, Nets 100
Stephen Curry scored 36 of his Atlanta 124, Philadelphia 86
51 points in the first half to offset a Charlotte 106, Cleveland 97
monster offensive game from John Boston 102, Detroit 95
Wall, and the Golden State War- Oklahoma City 117, Orlando 114
CHARLES KRUPA/ASSOCIATED PRESS
Danny Ainge, center right, the Celtics’ president of basketball op-
riors pulled away to beat the Wiz- Golden State 134, Washington 121
San Antonio 110, New Orleans 97
ards, 134-121, on Wednesday night
erations, with the co-owner Steve Pagliuca in November. in Washington for their eighth
Miami 93, Dallas 90
Denver at Utah
straight victory. Chicago at Sacramento
Curry made 13 of his first 14 Minnesota at L.A. Clippers
the rugged Jae Crowder, heisted Ainge would not speculate be-
shots and finished 19 of 28 from the THURSDAY
from Dallas along with a protected yond the likelihood of landing a
field and 11 of 26 from 3-point terri- Knicks at Detroit, 7
first-round draft pick in last sea- top-five pick this year, but he tory. His 11 3-pointers tied a career Houston at Phoenix, 9
son’s thanks-for-the-memories jet- could be in even better position if high. L.A. Lakers at New Orleans, 9:30
tisoning of Rajon Rondo. the Nets strike out in free agency The Warriors, the defending Toronto at Portland, 10
But Ainge also knows this solid in the summer and give the Celt- champions, continued on their run
foundation will never soar high ics, via their right to swap picks, a PACERS 114, NETS 100
by tying the 1966-67 Philadelphia
enough without his reaching for or prime lottery position in 2017. 76ers for the best 49-game start in
INDIANA (114)
George 6-18 3-4 17, J.Hill 3-3 0-0 6, Turner
drafting a couple of prime-time Conjecture has abounded that N.B.A. history at 45-4. 4-11 1-2 9, G.Hill 4-8 3-3 13, Ellis 5-7 0-0 11,
stars. How he plays the enviable Ainge is eager to move assets Klay Thompson scored 24 points
J.Young 3-6 0-0 8, Allen 6-12 0-1 12, Miles
10-15 3-3 27, S.Hill 2-4 2-2 7, Robinson III
hand dealt to him by the Nets in sooner rather than later for a big- for Golden State, and Draymond 1-3 2-2 4, Whittington 0-1 0-0 0. Totals 44-
88 14-17 114.
the summer of 2013 will determine name player, although, doubting Green had 12 points and 10 re- BROOKLYN (100)
whether the Celtics can rise from that any transaction could vault bounds. Johnson 7-12 2-2 20, T.Young 6-12 4-6
16, Lopez 6-13 9-14 21, Sloan 4-12 3-4
the pack to challenge, or supplant, the Celtics into title contention this Wall led the Wizards with 10 as- 11, Ellington 6-12 2-2 16, Bargnani 1-2 0-0
LeBron James’s conference su- season, he said, “You don’t want sists and 41 points, his season
2, Larkin 1-4 1-2 3, Bogdanovic 3-9 0-1
7, Brown 1-3 0-0 2, Robinson 1-3 0-0 2,
premacy in Cleveland. to panic and do a deal just to make high. Karasev 0-0 0-0 0. Totals 36-82 21-31 100.
The assets lifted from the Nets one.” Indiana . . . . . . . 26 36 25 27—114
PACERS 114, NETS 100 C. J. Miles Nets . . . . . . . . . 23 20 34 23—100
for what turned out to be a Bar- The rebuilding process is
clays Center house call by Pierce had 27 points, and Indiana won on 3-Point Goals—Indiana 12-24 (Miles 4-7, G.Hill
fraught with temptation, risk and the road, sending the Nets to their
2-2, George 2-4, J.Young 2-5, S.Hill 1-2, Ellis
1-3, Robinson III 0-1), Brooklyn 7-23 (Johnson
and Garnett included the Nets’ potential ruin. 4-5, Ellington 2-8, Bogdanovic 1-3, Lopez
fifth straight loss. Brook Lopez 0-1, Larkin 0-1, Brown 0-1, Sloan 0-4). Fouled
“I’m not sure there is a right had 21 points for the Nets, and Joe Out—None. Rebounds—Indiana 48 (Allen 8),
way to go about this process, Johnson had 20 points and 9 as- Brooklyn 55 (T.Young 14). Assists—Indiana
23 (George 6), Brooklyn 25 (Johnson 9). Total
whether it’s free agency, trades or sists. In the third quarter, Johnson Fouls—Indiana 20, Brooklyn 20. Technicals—
Assets from the Nets bottoming out for the draft, or the and Thaddeus Young combined
Brooklyn defensive three second. A—13,311
(17,732).
way we’re doing it, by trying to
could help Boston stay competitive,” Ainge said.
for 21 points to help the Nets trim
their deficit to 87-77. PRO HOCKEY
challenge Cleveland. “Sometimes it takes a few years to
land that special player. And then
THUNDER 117, MAGIC 114 Russell N.H.L. STANDINGS
Westbrook posted his third EASTERN CONFERENCE
you had San Antonio getting Dun-
straight triple-double with 24
can because David Robinson got points, a career-high 19 rebounds Atlantic W L OT Pts GF GA
hurt one season, and that set them
first-round draft picks in 2016 and and 14 assists as Oklahoma City Florida 30 15 5 65 140 110
2018 and the right to exchange up for 19 years.” held off Orlando to win at home. Tampa 28 18 4 60 133 118
The Knicks, he added, lost Car-
first-round picks in 2017. Kevin Durant hit a 3-pointer with a Detroit 25 17 8 58 123 127
The deal has made Ainge look melo Anthony to injury last sea- half-second left to cap a 37-point
son, plummeted in the standings Boston 26 18 6 58 150 135
like a rock star. But hold off on the performance.
standing ovation, he suggested, in- and wound up with Kristaps Por- Ottawa 23 22 6 52 144 161
zingis. HORNETS 106, CAVALIERS 97 Jere-
sisting that only luck has thus far my Lin scored 24 points, and Char-
Montreal 24 24 4 52 140 142
been the residue of design. With Porzingis projected as a Buffalo 21 26 4 46 118 138
lotte rallied in the second half to
“I honestly did not look at that star and Anthony still in his prime,
beat visiting Cleveland. Kyrie Irv- Toronto 18 22 9 45 118 137
deal as a bonanza at the time,” he is Jackson in a better place to
ing had 26 points, and LeBron Metropolitan W L OT Pts GF GA
said. “We really thought the most make the difficult leap forward
James added 23 for the Cavaliers.
likely scenario would be that all of than Ainge and the hated Celtics? Wash. 35 9 4 74 160 109
Impossible to know, but Ainge SPURS 110, PELICANS 97 LaMar- Rangers 27 18 5 59 144 132
those picks would be in the 20s. I
mean, they had Deron Williams, does have in his favor an execu- cus Aldridge scored 36 points, and Islanders 26 16 6 58 135 121
tive track record and the history of San Antonio improved to 27-0 at
Brook Lopez and Joe Johnson, and Pittsburgh 25 17 7 57 127 125
the Celtics, who have won six of home this season by beating New
we believed that Kevin and Paul
their league-high 17 champion- Orleans. The Spurs have won 36 in Devils 26 20 5 57 117 120
still had a lot left in them to be sub-
ships since the Knicks claimed a row at home over all, dating to Carolina 23 20 8 54 123 135
servient players, in the way Tim
their last one (of two over all) in last season. Phila. 22 18 8 52 113 129
Duncan and Manu Ginobili are
now in San Antonio for Kawhi 1973. HEAT 93, MAVERICKS 90 Dwyane Columbus 19 28 5 43 134 168
Leonard and LaMarcus Aldridge.” But as Ainge said, the Celtics, at Wade finished with 18 points after
WESTERN CONFERENCE
After a pause, Ainge added: least by their standards, have not matching the worst shooting half
of his career, and Miami won at Central W L OT Pts GF GA
“They had injuries with Williams done anything yet.
and Lopez. Obviously, it hasn’t “I’m curious to see how this all Dallas. Chicago 34 16 4 72 149 123
worked out the way they would plays out,” he said, speaking for CELTICS 103, PISTONS 95 Isaiah Dallas 32 14 5 69 167 136
1FDSE30L9WHA91958
1GNDV33L85D261538
have wanted.” the league, his fan base and the Thomas had 17 points to help Bos- St. Louis 29 16 8 66 130 128
2G1WF55KX59349897 Basketball understatement of Nets, saddest spectators of them ton hold off Detroit for a home vic- Colorado 27 23 3 57 144 144
JS3TD62V1Y4107903
1FMZU73K04ZA74520 the century. all. tory. Nashville 24 19 8 56 129 132
1GCGG25R9W1093763
1GCFG15W7X1147509 Minnesota 23 18 9 55 124 120
1FMRU1662YLB21664
5N1BV28U14N331140
SPORTS BRIEFING Winnipeg 22 25 3 47 129 145
2T1BA02E4TC148287 Pacific W L OT Pts GF GA
1HGEJ1129RL032645 TENNIS blocks, and No. 4 Maryland (20-3, 23rd goal in 23 league games to L.A. 31 16 3 65 135 115
9-2 Big Ten) held off host Nebraska help Napoli win at Lazio, 2-0. San Jose 26 19 4 56 144 132
Federer Has Knee Surgery (12-11, 4-6) by 70-65. (AP) Juventus extended its run to 13
Anaheim 23 18 7 53 104 113
Æ In a women’s game, Breanna straight wins by beating visiting Arizona 24 21 5 53 133 152
Roger Federer had knee surgery
Stewart made her first seven shots Genoa, 1-0. (AP)
Wednesday to repair a torn menis- Æ Zlatan Ibrahimovic scored again
Vancou. 20 19 11 51 122 139
in a 20-point performance, and
cus and will miss tournaments in Calgary 21 24 3 45 126 146
No. 1 Connecticut (21-0, 11-0 Ameri- as host Paris St.-Germain beat Lo-
Rotterdam, the Netherlands, and rient, 3-1, to set a French league Edmonton 20 26 5 45 127 150
Dubai, United Arab Emirates, this
can Athletic) cruised to a 96-38 win
at Tulane (15-7, 6-4). (AP) record of 33 straight league games WEDNESDAY
(5100-5102) month. A statement on his website without a loss. (AP)
Buffalo 4, Montreal 2
said the injury occurred Friday, one Tampa Bay 3, Detroit 1
Carolina at Calgary
day after Federer’s Australian SOCCER
THURSDAY
Open semifinal loss to Novak Djo- BASEBALL
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CO PY R I G H T A N D P R OT E C T E D BY A P P L I C A B L E L AW
Minnesota at Rangers, 7
kovic. (AP) Barcelona Eases Into Final Islanders at Washington, 7:30
Luis Suárez scored four goals, and
Mets’ Closer Gets Contract Devils at Toronto, 7:30
Boston at Buffalo, 7
COLLEGE BASKETBALL Lionel Messi had a hat trick as host The Mets settled their last salary Edmonton at Ottawa, 7:30
Barcelona beat Valencia, 7-0, to arbitration case, agreeing to a one- Detroit at Florida, 7:30
Another Loss for St. John’s reach the Copa del Rey final for the year, $4.1 million contract with clos- San Jose at St. Louis, 8
Philadelphia at Nashville, 8
Trevon Bluiett had 15 points and 13 third straight season. (AP) er Jeurys Familia. (AP)
Dallas at Colorado, 9
P r e s s R e a d e r. c o m
rebounds, and No. 6 Xavier (20-2, Æ Newcastle was beaten, 3-0, by Chicago at Arizona, 9
8-2 Big East) overcame poor shoot- host Everton, keeping it third from GOLF
ing to beat visiting St. John’s, 90-83. the bottom in the Premier League. COLLEGE BASKETBALL
St. John’s (7-16, 0-10) lost its 13th In the only other league match, MEN'S SCORES
straight. (AP) sustained late pressure failed to Ko Trails in Florida EAST
Illinois 110 . . . . . . . . . Rutgers 101, 3OT
Æ Kris Jenkins had 22 points, and yield a goal for Chelsea in a 0-0 In her first round of the season, Villanova 83 . . . . . . . . . . . Creighton 58
SOUTH
No. 3 Villanova (19-3, 9-1 Big East) draw at Watford. (AP) top-ranked Lydia Ko shot a three- Miami 79 . . . . . . . . . . . . Notre Dame 70
defeated visiting Creighton (14-9, Æ Napoli and Juventus extended under-par 69 in the Coates Golf Virginia 61 . . . . . . . . . Boston College 47
MIDWEST
5-5) by 83-58. (AP) their winning streaks to maintain Championship in Ocala, Fla., leav- Maryland 70 . . . . . . . . . . . Nebraska 65
Iowa 73 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Penn St. 49
Æ Diamond Stone had 16 points, 10 their title challenges in Serie A in ing her four strokes behind the Kansas 77 . . . . . . . . . . . . Kansas St. 59
rebounds and a season-high 8 Italy. Gonzalo Higuaín netted his leader, Ha Na Jang. (AP) Xavier 90 . . . . . . . . . . . . St. John’s 83

Despite Opt-Out Clause, Cespedes Says
He Hopes to Be a Met for 3 More Years
By TIM ROHAN
Inside the Citi Field news con-
ference room on Wednesday af-
ternoon, an impressive buffet fea-
tured three types of gourmet
sandwiches. Several top Mets ex-
ecutives and Yoenis Cespedes’s
business representatives sat in
reserved seats. When Cespedes
finally entered, he wore an ex-
pensive-looking suit, an oversize
watch and a Louis Vuitton belt.
Life can be good at the top.
The Mets do not typically
produce such fancy news confer-
ences, but in recent years they
have not been the defending Na-
tional League champions, either.
Nor have they been in the busi-
ness of signing premier free
agents to lucrative contracts —
until last month, that is, when
they surprisingly held on to Ces-
pedes with a three-year, $75 mil-
lion deal with a one-year opt-out
clause.
So the symbolism of Wednes-
day’s event was hard to miss —
from the food to the glitter to
General Manager Sandy Alder-
son’s joking about the Mets’ pay-
roll, which should register at
about $140 million at the start of
the season, a heady number after
years in which it was consider-
ably lower.
For the Mets, and their fans,
the best part of the event came
when Cespedes, addressing re-
porters through an interpreter,
said he was “really excited to be
here for the next three years.”
That statement quickly got ev-
eryone’s attention. After all, the
new contract allows him to opt
out of the deal after the 2016 sea-
son and go back on the free-agent
market, where he might get the
kind of huge offer that did not
quite come his way this winter.
And the assumption has been
that such an offer would not come
from the Mets.
Still, Cespedes indicated that
he had no intention of being any-
thing but a Met, not just this com-
ing season, but in 2017 and 2018 as
well.
“I have it in my mind to stay
three years,” Cespedes repeated,
making clear just how much he
likes playing for a team he did not
join until July 31, shortly before
the trading deadline.
In deciding to stay with the
Mets last month, Cespedes
turned down a five-year deal
worth roughly $100 million (but
with plenty of deferred money)
from the Washington Nationals,
the Mets’ N.L. East rivals. In ef-
fect, he left $25 million on the ta-
Player Gets 20-Game Ban for Hitting Official
By The Associated Press
The N.H.L. suspended Calgary
Flames defenseman Dennis
Wideman for 20 games Wednes-
day for checking and knocking
down a linesman during a game
last week.
Wideman, 32, was suspended
for violating the league rule on
physical abuse of officials after
he struck the linesman, Don Hen-
derson, during the Flames’ game
against Nashville on Jan. 27.
Wideman will forfeit $564,516
in salary as a result of the sus-
pension, the second longest in
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DETROIT MEMPHIS
KNICKS 7 p.m. 7:30 p.m.
TNT MSG
SACRAMENTO PHILADELPHIA
NETS 7:30 p.m.
YES
TORONTO
DEVILS 7:30 p.m.
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ISLANDERS 7:30 p.m.
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MINNESOTA
RANGERS 7 p.m.
MSG
BASEBALL
Yoenis Cespedes at a news conference at Citi Field. He has a
three-year, $75 million deal but can opt out after one season.
ble, although the Mets’ deal left
him with the distinction of having
the highest average annual sala-
ry of any position player who
signed a free-agent deal this off-
season. In any case, Cespedes
maintained, “It isn’t always
about the money.”
But for the last five years, since
Alderson was hired as general
manager, much of what the Mets
have done has appeared to be
about the money, which made the
Cespedes signing such a big mo-
ment for Alderson and the Mets’
chief operating officer, Jeff Wil-
pon. Asked if a $140 million pay-
roll was the new floor for a team
that not all that long ago had a
payroll of under $100 million, Al-
A team known for its
frugal ways seems
more willing to spend.
derson smiled and said, “You
mean, is 140 the new 85?”
Turning more serious, Alder-
son added that “in terms of order
of magnitude, and assuming we
continue to play well, we don’t
anticipate going back to those
prior levels.” He even said that if
he found it necessary, he could
add more salary to the payroll
when this year’s trade deadline
arrives.
“I think maybe if this Cespedes
signing says anything, it’s that
there are no possibilities that will
be dismissed out of hand strictly
for financial reasons,” Alderson
said.
It helps the Mets that their
HOCKEY
N.H.L. ROUNDUP
league history for abusing an offi-
cial. Gordie Dwyer of Tampa Bay
was suspended for 23 games in
part for abuse of officials in an
exhibition game in 2000.
Wideman had a hearing Tues-
day with the N.H.L.’s department
of hockey operations. The play-
ers’ union said it had filed an ap-
peal of the suspension on Wide-
man’s behalf.
In the second period against
the Predators, Wideman was
skating toward the Flames’
bench when he crosschecked
Henderson, who had his back to
CALENDAR
Knicks at Detroit
Los Angeles Lakers at New Orleans
Ohio State at Wisconsin
Texas A&M at Vanderbilt
Tulsa at Temple
William & Mary at Northeastern
South Florida at Cincinnati
Connecticut at Memphis
Murray State at Southeast Missouri State
Colorado at Oregon
Utah at Oregon State
Portland at Pepperdine
Coates Championship, second round
Phoenix Open, first round
Dubai Desert Classic, second round
Minnesota at Rangers
Devils at Toronto
Islanders at Washington
Anaheim at Los Angeles
SAT SUN MON TUE
2/6 2/7 2/8 2/9
DENVER WASHINGTON
1 p.m. 8 p.m.
MSG MSG
DENVER
7:30 p.m. 7:30 p.m.
YES YES
WASHINGTON RANGERS EDMONTON
1 p.m. 7 p.m. 8 p.m.
MSG+ MSG, MSG+ MSG+
DETROIT EDMONTON COLUMBUS
2 p.m. 2:30 p.m. 7 p.m.
MSG+2 MSG+ MSG+2
PHILADELPHIA DEVILS
1 p.m. 7 p.m.
MSG MSG, MSG+
THE NEW YORK TIMES SPORTS THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 4, 2016
BENJAMIN NORMAN FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
core of immensely talented start-
ing pitchers are under team con-
trol for the next few years, before
they can test their values as free
agents. The Mets control Matt
Harvey for three more seasons,
Jacob deGrom for five more and
Noah Syndergaard for six.
Alderson said the Mets would
“love to keep them all.” But he
added: “Is it realistic? I think it
could happen. It’s a lot of money.”
Alderson indicated that the
Mets could approach the start-
ers’ representatives as early as
this spring about signing long-
term contracts that would extend
into the first part of their free-
agency years, but he noted that
the players might not want to
commit to that option.
For instance, Scott Boras rep-
resents Harvey and usually
seeks to get his clients to free
agency as soon as possible.
DeGrom and Syndergaard are
represented by Creative Artists
Agency, the same group that co-
represents Cespedes. Brodie Van
Wagenen, who is deGrom’s agent
as well as Cespedes’s, was
among those sitting in the front
row Wednesday.
“I don’t want to foreclose any
possibility,” Alderson said.
He had another point to make:
Sometimes, he said, everyone
connected with the Mets, from
the front office to the fans, dwells
too much on the players they
may lose to free agency rather
than “enjoying the moment.”
For the current Mets team, Al-
derson said, that moment should
be relished. He said he hoped it
would last “two, three, four
years.” And perhaps Cespedes
will be there to enjoy all of it, too.
Wideman. Moments earlier,
Wideman had taken a hit from
the Predators’ Miikka Salomaki.
Wideman said after the game
that his hit to Henderson was un-
intentional.
“I was just trying to get off the
ice,” Wideman said.
He added, “At the last second I
looked up and I saw him, and I
couldn’t avoid it.”
No penalty was called on Wide-
man, but he was suspended in-
definitely pending a hearing.
LIGHTNING 3, RED WINGS 1 Ben
Bishop made 24 saves to get his
100th win with Tampa Bay, Nikita
Kucherov scored his 21st goal,
and the host Lightning topped
Detroit.
J. T. Brown and Tyler Johnson
also scored for the Lightning,
who have won nine of 10. Gustav
TNT
Nyquist had Detroit’s lone goal.
TNT
SABRES 4, CANADIENS 2 Jamie
ESPN
ESPN2
McGinn, Johan Larsson and Bri-
an Gionta scored in a big third pe-
ESPNU
riod for visiting Buffalo, and the
SNY
Sabres defeated Montreal, which
CBSSN
opened the season 19-4-3 but is
ESPN2
5-20-1 since.
ESPNU
RANGERS’ KLEIN BREAKS THUMB
FS1
Rangers defenseman Kevin Klein
ESPN2
will be out indefinitely with a
ESPNU
fractured right thumb. He sus-
GOLF
GOLF tained the injury late in the third
GOLF period of the team’s 3-2 loss to the
Devils on Tuesday when he fell
MSG
MSG+ into the boards after a check from
wing Reid Boucher.
NBCSN
NBCSN Klein missed a game last
month with an injury to the same
thumb. He also sat out 11 games
WED this season with an oblique
2/10 strain.
Klein will be replaced in the
lineup by the rookie Dylan McIl-
rath, who has played 20 games
MEMPHIS
7:30 p.m. this season, mostly filling in be-
YES cause of injuries to Klein and Dan
Girardi. McIlrath has two goals
and an assist.
The Rangers also recalled for-
ward Jayson Megna from Hart-
ford of the American Hockey
PITTSBURGH League. Megna has skated in five
8 p.m. games with the Rangers this sea-
NBCSN
son and has a goal and an assist.
ØN B15
OBITUARIES
Howard Koslow, 91, Stamp Artist, Dies
By WILLIAM GRIMES
Howard Koslow, a painter and
illustrator who for more than four
decades designed many of the
most recognizable stamps issued
by the United States Postal Serv-
ice, including a 1994 series de-
picting famous blues and jazz
musicians and 30 stamps depict-
ing coastal lighthouses, died on
Jan. 25 at his home in Toms River,
N.J. He was 91.
The death was confirmed by
his daughter Amy-Jo Willig.
Mr. Koslow had established a
busy practice as a commercial
artist, doing corporate reports, PHOTOGRAPHS FROM UNITED STATES POSTAL
SERVICE
book covers and advertising illus- Howard Koslow; two of his
trations, when, in the early 1970s
a fellow artist suggested that he lighthouse stamps; and a se-
try his hand at postage stamps. lection from a series honoring
In 1971 he secured the commis- American musicians.
sion to design an eight-cent
stamp commemorating the 10th
born on Sept. 21, 1924, in Brook- are exhibited at the Air Force
anniversary of the Antarctic
lyn, where he grew up in the Flat- Academy and the Pentagon.
Treaty, an agreement among 12
bush neighborhood. His father, In 1989, the Coast Guard com-
nations to ensure that their re-
Benjamin, was an electrician, and missioned a painting from him
search in the Antarctic should be
his mother, the former Ruth for its bicentennial. The work,
freely shared and nonmilitary.
Sachs, was a housewife. “The Cutter Harriet Lane Fires
Against a blue background, Mr.
After graduating from James Across the Bow of Nashville,” de-
Koslow superimposed the official
Madison High School, he studied picted the first naval engagement
emblem used on treaty docu-
advertising design at Pratt Insti- of the Civil War, on Apr. 13, 1861,
ments on a white map of Antarc-
tute and served an apprentice- at the entrance to Charleston
tica.
ship at the Manhattan studio of Harbor.
The following year, for a series
the French poster designer Jean For NASA, Mr. Koslow did the
honoring the national parks, Mr.
Carlu. He spent a summer at the official paintings of the Apollo 15
Koslow designed a six-cent
Cranbrook Academy of Art in mission and the first launch of
stamp that depicted an evening
Bloomfield Hills, Mich., and stud- the space shuttle Endeavour. His
concert at Wolf Trap National
ied graphics at the School of Visu- NASA paintings can be seen at
Park for the Performing Arts in
al Arts in Manhattan. the National Air and Space Mu-
Vienna, Va.
His early stamps, produced by seum in Washington and the
Over his long career he de-
engraving, were executed in a NASA Art Gallery at the John F.
signed more than 50 stamps and linear style with a limited color
postal cards on subjects includ- Kennedy Space Center in Cape
ing the signing of the Constitu- Canaveral, Fla.
tion, Carnegie Hall, the Brooklyn In addition to his daughter Ms.
Bridge, Ellis Island and, as part Willig, Mr. Koslow is survived by
of the “Legends of American Mu- An illustrator whose his wife, the former Helen Feld-
man; another daughter, Kathi
sic” series, eight blues and jazz
masters: Robert Johnson, Bessie
work might have Meyer; a sister, Helene Mandel-
Smith, Muddy Waters, Ma Rai- come to your mailbox. baum; and four grandchildren.
Even in the normally placid
ney, Jimmy Rushing, Howlin’
Wolf, Billie Holiday and Mildred world of stamps, Mr. Koslow
Bailey. sometimes encountered contro-
“He was a well-known design- palette. Later, using offset lithog- versy. In designing a 33-cent
er, and very prolific, but it is not raphy, he was able to expand his stamp in 1999 honoring the artist
so much the number of stamps as
the time span of more than 40
color range and adopt a more
naturalistic style, often working
Jackson Pollock, Mr. Koslow
worked from a well-known Life
years, which is very unusual,” from photographs. While paint- magazine photograph by Martha
said Daniel A. Piazza, the chief ing his designs, he looked Holmes that showed the artist at
curator of philately at the Smith- through a reducing glass to see work in his studio, a cigarette
sonian National Postal Museum. how his work would look when dangling from his lips.
“The lighthouse stamps went on shrunk to about a sixth its actual Mr. Koslow removed the ciga-
for nearly 25 years. The first se- size. rette in accordance with Postal
ries, in 1990, was supposed to be a “There is a real skill to making Service policy, which forbade the
one-off, but the stamps were so something readable at one inch use of any image that could be
popular that he ended up doing square,” Mr. Piazza said. “How- seen as promoting tobacco use.
five more series.” ard was very good at that.” Not everyone appreciated the
Each subsequent series cele- In addition to his postal work, alteration. The president of the
brated a different region: the Mr. Koslow achieved a substan- National Smokers Alliance wrote,
Great Lakes, the Southeast, the tial reputation as a historical in a letter to the Postmaster Gen-
Pacific and the Gulf. The final se- painter for the Air Force and eral, that the revision was “an af-
ries, devoted to the lighthouses of NASA. Many of the works he exe- front to the more than 50 million
New England, was issued in 2013. cuted while traveling for the Air Americans who choose to
Howard Bertram Koslow was Force’s Historical Art Program smoke.”
Anna Laerkesen, 73, a Lyrical Ballerina
By ANNA KISSELGOFF
Anna Laerkesen, a leading bal-
lerina in the Royal Danish Ballet
who, breaking a traditional mold,
won international acclaim for her
poetic originality as a dancer in
the 1960s and later as a choreog-
rapher, died on Jan. 14 in Copen-
hagen. She was 73.
Her death was reported by the
Danish newspapers Politiken and
Berlingske, which did not specify
a cause.
When Ms. Laerkesen joined
the Royal Danish Ballet at 17, vir-
tually all its members trained at
the company’s school. Ms. Laer-
kesen, however, studied with
Edite Frandsen, a private teacher
in Copenhagen, before spending
a year at the Royal Danish Ballet
school in 1959.
The same year she joined the
company as an apprentice, cast
in a supporting role in the signa-
ture Royal Danish ballet “La Syl-
phide,” by the 19th-century Dan-
ish choreographer August Bour-
nonville. Shortly afterward, when
she had a huge success in the title
role of the elusive sylph, it was
clear she had brought out some-
thing stunningly new.
“It was a lyrical mystery that
we had not seen before in ‘La Syl-
phide’ — very far from the usual
Bournonville,” the Danish critic
Erik Aschengreen said by tele-
phone from Copenhagen on Sun-
day.
This deep, poetic quality was
also identified with her perform-
ances in Antony Tudor’s “Lilac DOUG GRIFFIN/TORONTO STAR, VIA GETTY IMAGES
Garden” and in “Swan Lake,” for Anna Laerkesen with Erik Bruhn in “Swan Lake” in 1967.
which she traveled to Moscow to
be coached by the Soviet balleri-
na Galina Ulanova. Finding huge success mark and abroad in 1988, four
years after retiring from the
“Most of her dancing has an in-
terior monologue about it,” Clive in the title role Royal Danish Ballet as a dancer.
Barnes wrote admiringly in The Invited by Mr. Martins to New
New York Times in 1971, when in ‘La Sylphide.’ York City Ballet’s 1994 Diamond
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CO PY R I G H T A N D P R OT E C T E D BY A P P L I C A B L E L AW
she appeared in plotless ballets
by the American choreographer works, Ms. Laerkesen choreo-
graphed “In the Blue,” a plotless
Eliot Feld as a guest with his
company in New York.
and others, including Frederick
Ashton’s “Romeo and Juliet,” to neoclassical ballet set to
Anna Laerkesen was born in which she brought a carefree Brahms‘s Violin Concerto. Full of
Copenhagen on March 2, 1942. sensuality. refreshing idiosyncrasy, it
She was promoted to principal Over the years, her partners in brought out passionate dancing
in a young Wendy Whelan and an
dancer (called solo dancer in the “La Sylphide” included Erik
P r e s s R e a d e r. c o m
Royal Danish Ballet) in 1964 and Bruhn, Peter Martins and Rudolf unleashed bravura in Nikolaj
received ballerina status in 1966 Nureyev. Hübbe (now director of the Royal
with the rarely given higher title The Danish critic Ebbe Mork Danish Ballet). Unusually, the
of first solo dancer. once commented that Ms. Laer- ensemble remained still during a
Although she excelled in her kesen’s dancing combined “ a violin solo.
own way in the company’s tradi- sense of psychology with her per- There was no immediate word
on her survivors.
tional Bournonville ballets, she sonal way of phrasing music.”
also danced in the troupe’s wide These qualities of linking emo-
repertoire of works by George tion with an atypical approach to
Balanchine, Kenneth MacMillan, music were apparent when she More obituaries appear on
Birgit Cullberg, Flemming Flindt turned to choreographing in Den- the following page.
B16 N THE NEW YORK TIMES OBITUARIES THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 4, 2016

Bob Elliott, Half of the Deadpan Bob and Ray Comedy Team, Is Dead at 92
By PETER KEEPNEWS
and RICHARD SEVERO
Bob Elliott, who as half of the
comedy team Bob and Ray pur-
veyed a distinctively low-key
brand of humor on radio and tele-
vision for more than 40 years, died
on Tuesday at his home in Cundy’s
Harbor, Me. He was 92.
His death was confirmed by his
son Chris Elliott, the actor and co-
median, who said his father had
had throat cancer.
Mr. Elliott and his partner, Ray
Goulding — Bob was the more
soft-spoken one, Ray the deep-
voiced and more often blustery
one — were unusual among two-
person comedy teams. Rather
than one of them always playing it
straight and the other handling
the jokes, they took turns being
the straight man.
As Mr. Elliott told Mike Sacks,
the author of “Poking a Dead
Frog: Conversations With Today’s
Top Comedy Writers” (2014), “We
were both sort of straight men re-
acting against the other.”
Together they specialized in
skewering gasbags, political air-
heads, no-talent entrepreneurs
and Madison Avenue hypemas-
ters. Their weapon was not caus-
tic satire but wry understatement.
A typical bit of theirs was called
“The Bob and Ray Overstocked
Warehouse,” in which Mr. Elliott
announced, deadpan: “We have
124 full cases of canned corned
beef, which are clearly stamped
‘San Juan Hill, 1898.’ If you do not
find this corned beef all you had
hoped it would be, just leave word
with the executor of your estate to
Deaths
BADER–Elizabeth
(Oppenheimer), New York,
NY, age 87. Devoted mother,
grandmother, and gentle spir-
it, beloved by all. Born in Aub,
Germany in the shadow of
Nazism, she went on to lead a
full and happy life. Arriving in
New York on the S.S. Manhat-
tan, she lived first in Washing-
ton Heights, then in Valley
Stream, Long Island, and fi-
nally on the Upper East Side.
She went from darning socks
for ice cream money to help-
ing out in her parents hard-
ware store to a career in pub-
lishing, fashion and publicity
before her marriage to her
husband and soulmate, Rich-
ard. She was devoted to him,
and he to her, for 58 years un-
til his death in 2013. She en-
joyed art, theater, ballet, film,
bridge, historical novels, and
chocolate, not necessarily in
that order. Most of all, she
cherished family and friends
and loved spending time at
her summer home in Sea-
view, Fire Island. She was re-
fined yet unpretentious, sty-
lish yet traditional, wise yet
always young for her age,
and her warmth, charm, and
originality were a delight. Ac-
tive until the end, she died af-
ter a brief battle with lympho-
ma. She is survived by her
son David, daughter Nancy
Gardiner, son-in-law Nat, and
grandchildren Eliza Sten-
sland and Charlotte Gardiner.
In lieu of flowers, donations
may be made to the United
States Holocaust Memorial
Museum, 100 Raoul Wallen-
berg Place SW, Washington
DC 20024 or to Mount Sinai
Hospital, One Gustave L.
Levy Place, Box 1049, New
York, NY 10029. The family
will receive friends on Thurs-
day, February 4, from 7-9pm,
at Frank E. Campbell, 1076
Madison Avenue at 81st
Street, with a service on Fri-
day at 11:30am at Frank E.
Campbell.
BADER–Elizabeth.
Darling Lizzie, my wonderful
friend and neighbor for half a
century. I will miss you so
much. Heartfelt condolences
to David, Nancy and family.
With love,
Edie and all the Scheurer s.
BETTIS–Robert. The New
York Times records with
deep sorrow the passing of
Robert Bettis, associated with
The New York Times from
return the remaining unopened Mr. Goulding, who had been hired Broadway in 1970 with “The Two
cans to us.” as a D.J. and had a morning show. and Only,” in which Mr. Elliott ap-
Perhaps the most enduring, and Mr. Elliott told Whitney Balliett of peared as Wally Ballou and as,
endearing, character they created The New Yorker in 1982 that the among other characters, the pres-
was Mr. Elliott’s mild-mannered two hit it off and began to ad-lib ident of the Slow Talkers of Amer-
but indefatigable radio reporter, between records to amuse them- ica, who talked so slowly that he
Wally Ballou. selves. drove his interviewer into a rage.
Wally, whose reports always be- “It wasn’t always funny,” he re- (He was still talking as the curtain
gan a split-second late (“...ly Bal- called, “but it was something.” fell for intermission — and still in
lou here”), was a self-promoter, Bob and Ray’s style quickly midsentence when it rose again
but a modest one — he was known took shape. As the cultural histori- for the second act.) It ran for five
to introduce himself as “radio’s an Gerald Nachman wrote, they months.
highly regarded Wally Ballou, “never felt a need to destroy their By the early 1980s, Bob and
winner of over seven interna- targets, preferring to tickle them Ray’s gentle approach had largely
tional diction awards.” His inter- to death with a well-aimed been supplanted by a louder and
view subjects (all played by Mr. feather.” angrier brand of comedy. But they
Goulding, of course) had even Within a few months, WHDH were not forgotten — perhaps, Mr.
more to be modest about than he gave them their own show, Elliott theorized, because the “hi-
did. They included a farmer who
“Matinee With Bob and Ray.” New larity of pomposity” had not gone
was plagued with bad luck, even Englanders liked their patter so out of style — and in 1982, they re-
though his crop consisted of four- Bob Elliott, left, and Ray Goulding in an undated photo. Unlike much that the station soon gave turned to the airwaves with “The
leaf clovers, and the owner of a pa- other comedic pairs, they took turns being the straight man. them another, “Breakfast With Bob and Ray Public Radio Show”
per-clip factory whose idea of effi-
Bob and Ray.” on NPR. They remained on the air
ciency was paying his workers 14 After five years in Boston, they for as long as Mr. Goulding’s fail-
cents a week. also went into the business. Abby Foundry (“Steel ingots cast with
went to New York, auditioned for ing health allowed.
After Mr. Goulding died in 1990, Elliott is a movie and TV actress the housewife in mind”), Ein-
NBC and were given a 13-week When not performing, Mr. El-
many feared they would never see who spent four seasons on “Satur- binder Flypaper (“The flypaper
contract. They quit their jobs in liott liked to paint, and he kept a
or hear Mr. Elliott again, so insep- day Night Live,” where Chris had you’ve gradually grown to trust
Boston and started doing a one- studio in Manhattan for that pur-
arable was he from his partner. earlier been a cast member. over the course of three genera-
hour Saturday night show on NBC pose. He also liked carpentry and
But he continued to work. Bridey Elliott co-starred in the tions”) and Height Watchers In-
radio in 1951. prided himself on personally hav-
He became a cast member of 2015 movie “Fort Tilden.” ternational.
They soon made the transition ing built at least half his house in
Garrison Keillor’s “American Ra- Mr. Elliott also made commer- Though Bob and Ray were seen
to television. Not all the critics Maine.
dio Company of the Air,” which cials — real ones, as he had with on television, on Broadway and in
loved them: Jack Gould of The Mr. Elliott’s marriage to Jane
briefly replaced “A Prairie Home Mr. Goulding years earlier when the movies “Cold Turkey” (1971)
New York Times dismissed them Underwood ended in divorce. His
Companion” on public radio. He they provided the voices for Bert and “Author! Author!” (1982), ra-
as “an incredibly inept ‘comedy’ second wife, the former Lee Pep-
appeared in the Bill Murray movie and Harry Piel, the animated dio was their natural habitat. “Ray
team” that delivered “pedestrian per, died in 2012.
“Quick Change.” He played the fa- spokesmen for a New York brew- and I both grew up with radio,” Mr.
theatrics.” But most of their re- Besides his son Chris, he is sur-
ther of his son Chris in the 1990-92 ing company. But any fan who Elliott once said. “Our whole
views were good, and they began vived by another son, Robert Jr.;
television series “Get a Life” and heard Mr. Elliott’s mellow voice in hopes for the future were that
we’d get into radio.” They won to acquire a loyal following. three daughters, Colony Elliott
the 1994 movie “Cabin Boy.” a legitimate commercial could not
help recalling the spoofs of Madi- three Peabody Awards for their Santangelo, Amy Elliott Andersen
Comedy was an Elliott family
son Avenue spots that he did over radio work and were inducted into and Shannon Elliott; 11 grandchil-
affair. Chris Elliott — who in 1989
the National Association of dren; and five great-grandchil-
wrote a parody of celebrity tell-all
books, “Daddy’s Boy,” with “rebut-
the years with Mr. Goulding.
The team’s ersatz advertise- Broadcasters Hall of Fame in 1984 Spoofs of Madison dren.
The reasons for Bob and Ray’s
tals” by his father — has two
daughters, Abby and Bridey, who
ments included exhortations on
behalf of the Monongahela Metal
and the National Radio Hall of
Fame in 1995.
Avenue spots and lasting appeal were hard to pin
Robert Brackett Elliott was
born on March 26, 1923, in Boston.
gasbag pundits. down. “Maybe the secret of our
success,” Mr. Elliott himself once
Deaths Deaths His father was an insurance sales- suggested, “is that we emerge
man; his mother refinished an- only every few years. We don’t
GREENBERG–Kenneth
Bader, Elizabeth Kohnop, Pearl Solomon, Seymour tiques. An only child, he grew up Their career quietly picked up saturate the public, and new gen-
Alan, M.D. Beloved husband Bettis, Robert Krauskopf, John Somerstein, Saul
in Winchester, Mass., and while at- steam throughout the 1950s. They erations seem to keep discovering
of Barbara Safran, adored
father of Rachel and Daniel,
Fadem, Edna Maidman, Gail Stober, Gerald
tending Winchester High School were prominently featured on the us.”
Glauberman, Alex Mullen, Thomas Wortsmann, Barbara
loving son of Carole and Her- developed his radio skills over the NBC weekend radio show “Moni- They were still being discov-
bert Greenberg, cherished Goldman, Harriet Roseman, Vera
brother of Marc and Robert school’s public address system. tor.” They recorded comedy al- ered two decades after Mr. Gould-
Greenberg, Kenneth Sanders, Reva
and devoted uncle, passed
away on January 31st. Servi- After high school, Mr. Elliott bums. They began appearing on ing’s death, and Mr. Elliott re-
ces on Thursday, February
SOLOMON–Seymour, STOBER–Gerald, M.D. ventured to New York to enroll in television variety shows; over the mained proud of their accomplish-
4th, 11am at Congregation
Shir Shalom, Ridgefield, CT. son of the late Tillie and Max The Greenberg and Menin fa- the Feagin School of Drama and years, they were the guests of Ed ments — although he tended to ex-
Solomon, brother of the late milies mourn the passing of
Herbert and Henry, died on Dr. Gerald Stober, the be- Radio. Back in Boston, he briefly Sullivan, Johnny Carson, Steve press that pride, as he expressed
KOHNOP–Pearl, 97,
February 1, 2016 at the age of loved husband, father and worked as an announcer at Allen, David Letterman and oth- almost everything, very quietly.
93. Devoted husband of Ruth grandfather with whom we
on January 30, 2016. Devoted for 64 loving years. Beloved have had the privilege of ce- WHDH before serving in North- ers. Along the way, they acquired One expected no less from a
wife of the late Dr. Benjamin
Kohnop. An avid reader and
father of Marc and Raquel
and daughter-in-law Nancy.
lebrating more than three de-
cades of holidays and family
ern Europe with the Army during a silent partner, Tom Koch, the un- man who once said of his partner
bridge player, she is survived Adoring grandfather of Eric. milestones. His loving pre- World War II. credited writer or co-writer of and himself, “By the time we dis-
by three generations of lov- A 1943 graduate of CCNY with sence and quick wit will be
ing nieces and nephews. Ser- a Master s Degree in Social dearly missed. After his discharge in 1946, he many of their routines. covered we were introverts, it was
vices private. Donations in Work from NYU. Former returned to WHDH, where he met They brought their act to too late to do anything about it.”
her memory to Dysautonom- Assistant Commissioner of
ia Foundation, 315 West 39th Probation for the City of New WORTSMANN–Barbara (nee
St., #701, New York, NY 10118. York. Wonderful, loyal and Levie), 80, of Wynnewood,
generous to family and PA, formerly of Queens, NY,
friends. We will love you and on Monday, February 1, 2016
KRAUSKOPF–John. miss you always. at Penn Hospice at Ritten-
Died February 3, 2016 after house, Philadelphia, PA after
long struggle with Parkin- SOMERSTEIN–Dr. Saul, 90, a long illness. For many
son s. Beloved husband and died on February 3, 2016 at his years, Barbara compassion-
best friend of Sharon Greene, home. Saul was a devoted ately worked in medical offi-
loving father of David Kraus- husband, father, and grand- ces in Manhattan. She man-
kopf-Greene, Jill, Lynn and father who loved his family aged physicians offices,
Sara. Greatly respected unconditionally. He served in helped with patient care, and
scientist, colleague, mentor the 100th Infantry Division visited patients in the hospital
and friend to so many around during WWII and later attend- during the AIDS crisis. After
the world. We will miss him ed NYU Dental School. Many retiring, Barbara volunteered
terribly. of his patients went on to be- at the Museum of Natural
come lifelong friends of the History in New York, the
family. Service at Gutter- Museum of Natural Sciences
man s Funeral Home, 8000 in Philadelphia, and the Phi-
MAIDMAN–Gail Ann Lowe. Jericho Turnpike, Friday at
On January 31, 2016 of New ladelphia Zoo. Barbara also
11:00am. Our loss will be felt took art classes and was a
York, NY, peacefully, sur- by all who knew him.
rounded by family, Gail left talented water colorist,
the world of the living and STOBER–Gerald Stanley, sketch artist, and maker of
joined her parents in the Gar- mosaics. She is survived by
M.D.,
den of G-D. Magnificent and her daughter, Erica Rachlin
beautiful Gail s time came (Mark); her sons, Joel Wort-
too soon for her loved ones. smann, and Edward Wort-
Her kindness, beauty, gra- smann; her grandchildren,
ciousness, wit, and elegance, Jessica Wortsmann, Jaime
will shine on. Beloved wife of Wortsmann, and Jonathan
Richard H. M. Maidman, de- Rachlin. Barbara is also sur-
voted ex-wife of Stephen D. vived by Gilbert Wortsmann.
Haymes. Nurturing mother of She was preceded in death by
Evan A. Haymes (Regina) her daughter-in-law, Judith
and Starr H. Kempin Wortsmann. At Barbara s re-
(Jacques). Kind stepmother quest, her body will be donat-
of Patrick (Jacqueline, de- ed to the University of Penn-
sylvania Perelman School of
ceased) Maidman, Mitchel
Medicine. In lieu of flowers,
(Arlene) Maidman and Dag-
donations in Barbara s me-
ny (Molly) Maidman. Loving
mory to the Penn Wissahick-
Momma Gail of Esme,
on Hospice are welcome at FOX, VIA PHOTOFEST
Theodore Haymes and Sterl-
www.pennmedicine.org/
ing Kempin. Loving Step-
Momma Gail to Allison, Bea-
of Great Neck, NY, died Fe- homecare/services/hospice
bruary 3, 2016 from complica- or Abramson Cancer Center
Bob Elliott with his son Chris in the sitcom “Get a Life,” shown on Fox from 1990 to 1992.
trice, Jonathan, Harrison, Ju- tions of heart surgery. He
at www.pennmedicine.org/
lia, Ezra, Sage and Cassidy was 89 years old. Born De-
giving.
Maidman. For Shiva informa- cember 19, 1926 in Montreal,
tion please call 212-755-2595. Canada. He was the third of
AN APPRAISAL
In Memoriam
Celebration Service to be four sons of Sarah and Jacob
held Wednesday, April 6, Stober. Gerry was the be-
11am at Temple Emanu-El, loved husband of Ruth (nee

A Pair of Stealth Surrealists

February 29, 1988 until retir-
ing on January 1, 2006.
FADEM–Edna Mae,
of New Rochelle, NY, 88, died
peacefully on February 2,
2016, surrounded by her be-
loved husband of 67 years,
Leroy Lee and her family.
The daughter of the late
Charles and Patricia Raizen,
Sunny lit up every room she
entered. She loved life and
her passions were family,
gardening, music, world af-
fairs and travel with Lee. Sun-
ny, an honors graduate of
Dickinson College in Carlisle,
PA, is also survived by her
children Steven Fadem and
Laurie Baskin, Barbara and
Jeff Hayden, Kathy Ivrey and
Diane and Jeff Kennedy; her
adored brother Roy and his
children Jill and Robert Serl-
ing and David Raizen and
Bettina Baloia and their child-
ren. Her greatest legacy is
her grandchildren, Rachel
and Chloe Fadem; Mark, Da-
niel and Sarah Hayden; Cait-
lin and Carly Ivrey and Cody
Kennedy, who were all madly
in love with their Grandma
Sunny and she loved them
back with an intense fervor.
She taught all of us what it
means to be loving and car-
ing and how to overcome any
adversity with a smile, tenaci-
ty and grit. She will be missed
in ways she will never under-
stand. Funeral Services Fri-
day, February 5 at noon at
Temple Israel of New Roch-
elle, 1000 Pinebrook Blvd.,
New Rochelle, NY. Contribu-
tions may be made in Sunny s
memory to Temple Israel or
a charity of one s choice.
GLAUBERMAN–Alex J.,
(Jack), died February 2, 2016,
at age 97. Survived by his be-
loved wife of 70 years, Estelle
Fifth Avenue at 65th Street. Benjamin), the adored father
of Jill Lafer (Barry), Lori (de- HECHT–Irwin. February 4,
ceased) and Clifford (Wendy) 2012. Forever loved and al-
MAIDMAN–Gail Ann Lowe. and loving grandfather of ways in our hearts.
On January 31, 2016 our dear Joshua (Marissa), Peter, Ca- Your Loving Family
Mother and Momma Gail sey, Haley and Sara. Beloved By JASON ZINOMAN Wally Ballou. Whereas there is a temptation to
moved from our earthly hugs brother of Morton, Julius and HELD–James D.
and kisses to becoming our David. Gerry was a brilliant The years pass, my feeling of At the opening of a show in his The radio show didn’t have a spin an absurd situation into the
everlasting guiding light. and dedicated OB/GYN who loss, not diminished. I miss first year as a late-night host, studio audience, and the pair’s realm of the grotesque, his char-
Shine bright beloved Mom. practiced in Queens, NY. He
Adoringly, Evan Adam, attended McGill University
you always.
David Letterman told his audi- style was conversational, pitched acters remained rooted in a
Love, Sandy girl
Regina (nee Teplitsky), and McGill Medical School
and came to NY for his res- ence about a quick way to find to a literate frequency. While mundane realness that made you
Esme Jemma and Theodore
Mason Lowe Haymes idency where he met Ruth in out if someone has a good sense they did topical material, mock- see the madness in everyday
1954 and married in 1955. In
his life he was totally devoted of humor: “If they like Bob and ing targets that are now long normality, not the other way
MULLEN–Thomas P., 63, to his family and to his pa-
Ray, they’re O.K.” forgotten, many of their funniest around.
tients. In 1976 he was the first
passed away peacefully on
obstetrician in New York The comedy team of Bob El- bits are timeless comedic A skilled ad-libber, Mr. Elliott
February 1, 2016, at his home
in New York City. He was State to perform a Caesarean
liott, who died on Tuesday at age premises performed with ami- delighted in the silliness of cer-
Section with the husband pre-
Founder and Managing Part-
ner of Park Li Group, a global sent in the delivery room. 92, and Ray Goulding, who died able understatement. tain words and the power of
strategic management con- Those who knew him in the
in 1990, were an ideal litmus test In one classic sketch, Mr. El- repetition. In a bit from their 1970
sulting practice. He is sur- operating room still talk
vived by Nancy, his loving about his tremendous surgi-
because their humor was so liott plays Harlow P. Whitcomb, Broadway production, “Bob and
wife of 27 years; daughters cal skills and his ability to
teach his successors. He ingeniously subtle and low-key president and recording secre- Ray: The Two and Only,” he
Katie, of Brooklyn, and Sa-
cared deeply about women s tary of the Slow Talkers of Amer- plays a ridiculously dull expert
mantha, of New York City;
reproductive healthcare and that less discerning listeners
and brothers Doran, of New ica, who interrupts every word on Komodo dragons who is inter-
York City; Joseph and sister- took great pride in his daugh- could easily miss the joke. To-
in-law Nancy, of Franklin, ter Jill s position as Board viewed by a man so disengaged
Chair of Planned Parenthood gether for more than 40 years
MA; and Michael, of Sinking that he keeps asking the same
Spring, PA. Friends may call Federation of America. He (1946 to 1987), their slow-burn
at the Perazzo Funeral was one of the founding phy- questions. Mr. Elliott gamely
silliness drew explosive laughs
A hilarity that never
sicians of Booth Memorial
Home, 199 Bleecker Street,
Medical Center, now New fields every one, moving around
New York, NY on Friday, Fe- not through jackhammer punch
bruary 5, from 2:00-5:00 and York Hospital of Queens. His the clauses, to relay the same
lines, but with long pauses, unor-
7:00-9:00pm. In lieu of flowers, patients adored him and
the family requests donations there are many Gerrys and
Geralds named after him. He thodox word choices and a total leaned heavily on bland recitation of facts.
in memory of Thomas Mul- Quickly, a tedious interview
punch lines.
len to the PMP Research was a man of determination, commitment to characters.
Foundation, info@pmpcure. integrity, principles and digni- becomes an exhausting micro-
org. Online condolences may ty. He believed in mind, body On radio and television, their version of the movie “Groundhog
and spirit and practiced this
be made to perazzofuneral
philosophy throughout his sly routines had none of the Day” in which after every ques-
home.com.
life. He horseback rode, skat- conventional show-business tion, the interview begins again.
ed, skied, played tennis and
was often spotted jogging slickness, and they played to with an extravagantly long “The Komodo dragon, world’s
ROSEMAN–Vera Chelnik,
and biking through the streets
of McLean, Virginia and Win- of Great Neck. He retired in each other more than to the pause. (It’s a premise so endur- largest living lizard,” Mr. Elliott
ston-Salem, NC passed away 1990 and traveled the world crowd. Stealth surrealists, they ing that the trailer for the forth- says wearily, “is found on the
peacefully on February 3, with his wife, Ruth and spent
2016. Born in Harlem, NY, his time with his grandchild- created deadpan exchanges that coming Disney movie “Zootopia” island of Komodo.”
July 25, 1921, Vera was the
youngest daughter of Charles
ren. He was proud of his proved that comics could be leans on the exact same joke.) The popularity of Bob and Ray
knowledge of Shakespeare,
and Pauline Chelnik. Her sibl- constantly quoting him as hilarious without leaning heavily His preposterous pace sets the among the comedy cognoscenti
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ings Mildred and Martin Chel- well as much of classical liter-

(Kaplan). Devoted and loving
father of Marcia and Carol.
Born in New York City on
July 3, 1918, he graduated
from City College of New
York in 1937 and Columbia
Law School in 1942. He was a
World War II veteran who
served as a cryptanalyst in
the Signal Intelligence Corps
stationed in New Delhi, India.
A respected attorney in New
nik predeceased her, as did
her loving husband of 52
years, Alfred M. Roseman.
She moved to Virginia in 2011
to be near her two sons, who
survive her, Geoffrey L.
(Jeanne Johnson) of Silver
Spring, MD and Russell P.
(Janet Silverman Roseman)
of McLean, VA, together with
their children, Deborah (An-
drew Clevenger) of Falls
on jokes, making them the godfa- rhythm of this sketch; its loony spanned decades, from Groucho
ature. He was a voracious
reader and an astute inves- thers of a wide swath of alterna- comedy is fueled by the annoy- Marx and Johnny Carson (both
tor, one of his talents and
loves. He was a wordsmith
tive comedy. ance of Mr. Goulding, who fans) to “SCTV” and “Saturday
and enjoyed studying the de- In their satirical focus on the clearly wants the man to finish Night Live.” (They appeared on
rivation of words and their
meanings. His knowledge of absurdities of the media, Bob and the sentence. Instead of waiting, both shows.) Mr. Elliott and Mr.
history and literature were le- Ray were also a forebear to “The he tries to assist him, finishing Goulding never became as fa-
gendary in our family. He
took cooking lessons and Daily Show” and “Saturday the sentences for him. The result mous as the classic American
enjoyed cooking and wines. Night Live.” On their NBC series is a kind of deliriously funny duel double acts Laurel and Hardy,
P r e s s R e a d e r. c o m

York City until his retirement He loved the opera, hockey

at the age of 92, he will al-
ways be remembered for his
integrity, intellect, good coun-
sel and quick wit. A private
service will be held on Friday.
GOLDMAN–Harriet, 92,
loving mom, grandma, and
great-grandma, role model,
nurse, tennis champ, commu-
nity advocate, and sunrise
swimmer at Quisisana died
February 3, 2016 and now is
reunited with the love of her
life, Dr. Abe Goldman. We
miss her greatly.
Stefan, Eric, Enid and Doris
Church, VA and David (Ka-
rin) of Philadelphia, PA.
Funeral services and inter-
ment February 5,
11:30am, Old Montefiore Ce-
2016,
metery, Queens, NY. Dona-
tions can be made to a chari-
ty of choice.
SANDERS–Reva M., died Fe-
bruary 2. A devoted, fiery,
and deeply loved woman. A
NYC teacher for 30 years and
teacher to her family and
friends for a lifetime. Service
at Riverside Chapel, Friday, Avenue at 11:30am, Thurs-
February 5 at 11:15am.
and a good dramatic play. in the 1950s, the comics imagined that Mr. Elliott ultimately wins Abbott and Costello or Martin
Most of all, he had a great
sense of humor and an ap-
a “television referee” who would by using the weapon of strategic and Lewis — none of which
preciation and a love of life. halt a terrible show the way a silence. lasted longer than their partner-
He loved his jokes and re-
peated them often! He will be boxing official would call a fight. Compared with many comedy ship. But they belong in that elite
missed by his family and In this bit, Mr. Elliott played a teams, Mr. Elliott and Mr. Gould- company, as a team whose con-
friends but his memory and
life lessons will live on in our hack standup comic as well as a ing were not opposites. They versations sounded so casual
hearts forever. In lieu of flow-
ers please send donations to:
weatherman going through the shared a certain wry tone, yet that you could miss how delight-
Planned Parenthood Federa- motions. On their radio show, he Mr. Elliott was less demonstra- fully cracked they had become.
tion of America, 123 Williams
Street, New York, NY 10038. spoofed the mid-20th-century tive, an even-keeled stoic with
Services will be held at Frank variety show titan Arthur God- none of the kinetic anxiety that
E. Campbell, 1076 Madison
frey and skewered journalists was standard for many of the More obituaries appear on
day, February 4th. with his befuddled character great comics of the 20th century. the preceding page.

Forever Mindful of the Clock
In Hans Christian Andersen’s “The Most In-
credible Thing” (1870), the usually impressive
choreographer Justin Peck has chosen a story
whose details he can’t tell clearly and whose
overall point he makes hackneyed.
ALASTAIR Ingenuity shines forth here and
there; and Mr. Peck occasionally
MACAULAY reveals new aspects of skill. But this
43-minute piece proves a damp
DANCE squib. Its many dances seem not
REVIEW
central but peripheral.
At Tuesday’s premiere with New York City
Ballet at the David H. Koch Theater, it was un-
comfortable to observe how much time, thought,
travail and money had gone into making a ballet
Top left, Janet Jackson and Justin Timberlake, stars of the “wardrobe malfunction” at the 2004 Super Bowl
halftime show. Above left, Beyoncé performing in 2013. And Katy Perry in 2015.
Spectacles Required at Halftime
What’s more pop than playing for one of the
world’s biggest audiences? And what’s more
pressured than trying to make a definitive state-
ment in about 12 minutes?
Those are the stakes of the annual Super Bowl
halftime show, which in recent years
JON has drawn more than 115 million view-
ers. The 50th Super Bowl takes place
PARELES this weekend, with a halftime show by
Coldplay featuring a guest appear-
CRITIC’S ance by Beyoncé with the Los Ange-
NOTEBOOK
les Philharmonic’s charismatic con-
ductor, Gustavo Dudamel, leading members of
Youth Orchestra Los Angeles. (Lady Gaga will
sing the national anthem before kickoff.)
Chris Martin and his bandmates are going to
have to contend with memories of spectacles that
have been both magnificent (Prince, Michael
The Most Incredible Thing, This Justin Peck work,
performed by New York City Ballet at Lincoln
Center, sets a love story to the passage of time.
so disappointingly drab and tame. (There are
dozens of elaborate costumes, none of which I
long to see again.) Mr. Peck’s artistic associates
— Bryce Dessner (composer), Marcel Dzama
(designer), Brandon Stirling Baker (lighting
designer) — are part of the problem. So, unfortu-
nately, is the choreography.
The crucial point of Andersen’s tale — in which
the one who could do the most incredible thing
TOP LEFT, FRANK MICELOTTA/GETTY IMAGES; BOTTOM LEFT, EZRA SHAW/GETTY IMAGES; ABOVE, ROB CARR/GETTY IMAGES
When roughly 115 million
people are watching, marching
bands won’t really cut it.
Jackson, U2 and Beyoncé) and jaw-droppingly
outlandish (Katy Perry, the Black Eyed Peas and
of course the Janet Jackson-Justin Timberlake
“wardrobe malfunction” debacle of 2004). The
Super Bowl has made a handful of performers
look heroic; many others have been dwarfed.
In its current incarnation, the Super Bowl half-
time show is a gleaming confluence of big-time
corporate agendas — N.F.L., TV networks, spon-
ANDREA MOHIN/THE NEW YORK TIMES
PAUL BUCK/EUROPEAN PRESSPHOTO AGENCY
should have the king’s daughter and half his
kingdom — is that, though art may be destroyed,
its energy lives on independently as a vital force.
This could work in ballet, an art that’s often bril-
liant at suggesting radiant transcendence, un-
crushable life force, miraculous invention. We
don’t even have to invoke the past masters Mari-
us Petipa or George Balanchine, we have only to
think of Mr. Peck’s effusively pure-dance 2014 hit
“Everywhere We Go”: Its extraordinary supply
of self-changing formations sums up something
close to the heart of this Andersen story.
In “The Most Incredible Thing,” the dashing
Continued on Page 5
sors and brand-name performers all promoting
something — that masquerades as a brief but
over-the-top party. Payoffs and tie-ins are every-
where: in eyeballs, ad dollars, recording sales,
ticket sales, media buzz and sheer unquantifiable
attention. It’s a tightly formatted annual event,
but each year its performers have to figure it out
anew.
Strangely, it took the Super Bowl a very long
time to recognize its potential. The halftime show
we now expect — a tightly planned superstar
extravaganza beamed worldwide — arrived
relatively late in the game’s evolution. It was
decades before the N.F.L. realized that the half-
time show plays not to the stadium but to the
camera.
For its early years, the Super Bowl largely
Continued on Page 2
N C1
THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 4, 2016
Surer Bets
Are Emerging
In Oscar Race
Quick — name the best picture Oscar
winner from two years ago, or from another
two years before that. Cannot? Despair not.
Some of the most lastingly resonant films
have failed to land best picture Oscars,
among them “Citizen Kane,”
CARA “Goodfellas” and “It’s a
Wonderful Life.” Others, like
BUCKLEY “Some Like It Hot,” “Blade
THE
Runner” and “Thelma &
CARPETBAGGER Louise” did not even get
best picture nominations,
and the American Academy of Motion Pic-
ture Arts and Sciences failed to nominate
“His Girl Friday” for anything at all. All of
which is to say that come Feb. 28, when this
year’s Oscars are doled out, the ultimate
winners might not, in the broad scheme of
things, matter a ton.
This year was a bit of a meh one from the
outset, with no consensus favorite emerging
from the pack. With a few weeks to go in the
race, that trend continues to hold. As of now,
it’s looking like a three-way race, possibly
with a fourth contender morosely looking on.
To recap: The early favorite, “Spotlight,”
lost the Golden Globe for best dramatic
feature to “The Revenant,” which went on to
land the most Oscar nominations of the lot.
Then “The Big Short” won the Producers
Guild Award, a telltale victory because it was
bequeathed by industry folks. And the Amer-
ican Cinema Editors named “Mad Max: Fury
Road” best edited dramatic film — another
bellwether because winners in that category
often go on to land best picture. (“The Big
Short” won for comedy.) Last weekend, at
the Screen Actors Guild Awards, another
strong predictor, “Spotlight” was anointed
Continued on Page 2
Leonardo
DiCaprio
and Brie
Larson,
winners of
SAG Awards.
A Critic Explores
The Finer Points
Of Finding Fault
Henry James wrote that criticism showed
the mind engaged in “a reaching out for the
reasons of its interest,” and A. O. Scott, a
chief film critic at The New York Times, says
something similar toward the end of “Better
Living Through Criticism,” his
MICHAEL lively and argumentative
book: “Let’s say that a critic is
WOOD a person whose interest can
help to activate the interest of
BOOKS others.” The difference be-
OF THE TIMES
tween the two formulations is
important. James’s critic is talking to himself
and is not necessarily being paid for his
reaching. Mr. Scott’s critic — like Mr. Scott
himself — has a job to do and readers to
persuade or annoy.
But the notion of interest brings the two
remarks together, and almost casually ex-
cludes most of what we often think criticism
is. What happened to judging, finding fault,
even interpretation?
Seeking for reasons of interest might in-
volve some of these activities, but it wouldn’t
have to, and the shift of emphasis is il-
luminating. Mr. Scott doesn’t exclude judg-
ment from his inquiry. He says it’s “the bed-
rock of criticism.” And he reminds us that the
job is “not nice. To criticize is to find fault.”
(He also thinks that critics are always getting
things wrong and devotes a brilliant chapter
to how they so consistently manage this.)
But bedrock is not soil, and still less is it the
plants and creatures that grow on the earth.
Continued on Page 6
Better Living
Through Criticism
How to Think
About Art,
Pleasure, Beauty,
and Truth
By A. O. Scott
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277 pages. Penguin
Press. $28.
INSIDE
P r e s s R e a d e r. c o m
Art Fair Coming to New York
Tefaf Maastricht, Europe’s most
prestigious fair devoted to art, antiques
and design, will hold two annual fairs at
the Park Avenue Armory, PAGE 5.
C2 N THE NEW YORK TIMES, THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 4, 2016

20TH CENTURY FOX KERRY HAYES/OPEN ROAD FILMS JAAP BUITENDIJK/PARAMOUNT PICTURES

In the running: Leonardo DiCaprio in “The Revenant,” above; center, from left, Rachel McAdams, Mark Ruffalo and Brian d’Arcy James in “Spotlight”; and Christian Bale in “The Big Short.”

Surer Bets Emerge in Oscar Race, but Will They Be Remembered?

From First Arts Page
best ensemble cast. The Direc-
tors Guild of America is holding
its ceremony on Saturday, which
might finally clear things up. Or
not.
Accepting the Screen Actors
Guild Award with his “Spotlight”
castmates, Michael Keaton made
a clear effort to alchemize any
apathy around the film into gold.
He dedicated the win to victims
of abuse by Catholic priests, “the
disenfranchised everywhere,”
“every Flint, Michigan in the
world,” and the powerless.
“Gun to my head, I’d guess the
film that recalls our collective
guilt in the most persuasive,
cinematic way, so that would be
‘Spotlight,’ ” said an academy
member and campaign watcher
whose job status hinges upon
staying anonymously behind the
scenes. “But ‘The Big Short’ calls
up our collective victimization
and that’s a powerful message as
well, and it’s also a more enter-
taining, stylistic telling. So, I give
up.”
If the actors’ race has been
marked by one thing this year
(aside from being dominated by
white people), it is the triumph of
the season’s most baldly trans-
parent narrative: Leonardo
DiCaprio has been tortured
enough, and not just by his direc-
tor, Alejandro G. Iñárritu.
It was roughly a year ago
when the first tales of hardship
were leaked from the set of “The
Revenant,” before being swiftly
repurposed for the film’s and Mr.
DiCaprio’s awards campaigns.
Along the way, morsels were
revealed, among them Mr. Di-
Caprio’s intimacy with, and in-
gestion of, assorted mammalian
innards, details that banged
around the echo chamber so
loudly that Tina Fey and Amy
Poehler could not resist taking a
stab.
“Let’s all calm down about
Leonardo DiCaprio and how hard
it was to shoot ‘The Revenant,’
O.K.?” Ms. Poehler said at the
SAG Awards, as Ms. Fey rolled
her eyes alongside her. “So you
slept in a horse and ate bison
liver. Big whoop.”
It is a big whoop for Mr. Di-
Caprio, whose thirst for the
O-man statuette for best actor —
denied to him four times before
— seems sure to be slaked this
year. As Kyle Buchanan, Vul-
ture’s awards season savant,
noted to the Bagger, it’s interest-
ing that Mr. DiCaprio could win
for this raggedy, largely wordless
role, considering the Oscar-
nominated parts he has played
before: kitten-faced autistic
teenager, Wall Street hedonist,
swashbuckling Hollywood gold-
en boy/madman-in-waiting and
gunrunner. Never mind that Mr.
DiCaprio has upstaged himself
multiple times this season, be it
by meeting the Pope, or grimac-
ing at Lady Gaga, or sucking
away on his vape pen. He has
swept every important prize,
with the Screen Actors Guild
Award win — his first, after nine
nominations — ahead of Bryan
Cranston (“Trumbo”) pretty
much sewing this race up.
Another clincher is Brie Lar-
son, who is the runaway lead for
best actress. Two of her fellow
nominees, Cate Blanchett (“Car-
ol”) and Jennifer Lawrence
(“Joy”), have already won Os-
cars, and Ms. Larson has bested
Saoirse Ronan (“Brooklyn”) in
all the key awards. And Charlotte
Rampling’s ill-conceived com-
ments about race pretty much
burned through the warm fuzzies
generated by her standout per-
formance in “45 Years” and
subsequent academy nomina-
tion.
Ms. Larson is 26, and her
inward turn in “Room” might
have been overlooked were it not
for her astonishing young co-star,
Jacob Tremblay, whose perform-
ance, though not Oscar-
nominated, drew raves. Whether
Ms. Larson’s performance merits
a prize previously denied to such
multiple nominees as Glenn
Close, Sigourney Weaver and
Annette Bening is beside the
point, because, on this front, it’s
all but a lock.
For best supporting actress,
this season’s fresh-faced it girl,
Alicia Vikander (“The Danish
Girl”), has pulled ahead of
Rooney Mara, another actress
who arguably was a lead in the
film (“Carol”) that got her
nominated. Ms. Vikander, who
won the SAG, has the extra bene-
fit of getting a lift from her turn
in “Ex Machina,” which earned
her nominations from the Golden
Globes and the British Academy
of Film and Television Arts.
Last but not least, for support-
ing actor, it’s looking very, very
good for Sylvester Stallone, the
“Creed” co-star. Idris Elba,
whose Oscar shutout helped
ignite this year’s #Oscars-
SoWhite outcry, nabbed the
Screen Actors Guild Award
ahead of Mr. Stallone’s Oscar
competition. (Mr. Stallone was
not nominated for an SAG.) Mr.
Stallone, meanwhile, is being
buoyed by a ton of sentimental
good will, to wit the standing
ovation that followed for his
Golden Globe win.
This stands in contrast to some
pointed grumblings around Mr.
Stallone’s breakout film, “Rocky,”
which took the best picture Os-
car nearly 40 years ago, ahead of
“Taxi Driver,” “All the President’s
Men” and “Network,” written by
Paddy Chayefsky.
One of Mr. Stallone’s longtime
producers, Irwin Winkler, also a
producer on “Creed,” said that
when “Rocky” tied with “Net-
work” for best picture at the Los
Angeles Film Critics Association
awards that year, he extended a
congratulatory hand to Mr.
Chayefsky, whom he happened to
be standing alongside.
Mr. Winkler said Mr. Chayef-
sky hissed back, “I hope you die.”
And inside, Mr. Winkler said,
he kind of did.

Spectacles Are Required at Halftime of the Super Bowl

From First Arts Page
treated the halftime show as an
intermission for the television
audience. To entertain the cap-
tive stadium crowds, who didn’t
yet have giant video screens that
could blow up the image of a lone
performer, halftime shows filled
the field with marching bands,
drill teams, Walt Disney
pageants and the smiley, whole-
some innocuousness of Up With
People (though when the game
took place in New Orleans, there
were nods to jazz and Mardi
Gras). In contrast to the concus-
sive action of the game itself, the
halftime shows were G-rated
interludes of family entertain-
ment.
The advent of MTV in 1981 led
musicians to envision hit songs,
and soon concert productions, as
TV and video vignettes. But that
transition was ignored by the
Super Bowl for more than a
decade. As late as 1991, the 25th
Super Bowl halftime show was
yet another Walt Disney produc-
tion (though New Kids on the
Block had a song in it).
Finally the light bulb flickered
on. A full-fledged pop star, Gloria
Estefan, shared the halftime with
Olympic figure skaters in 1992.
(Luckily Ms. Estefan would be
back in 1999, with Stevie Wonder,
for a gloriously out-of-the-blue
Super Bowl funk festival.) Then,
in 1993, came the sea change:
Michael Jackson, just over 10
years after the release of
“Thriller” and unquestionably
the King of Pop. His halftime
show started with the most radi-
cal Super Bowl gambit of all:
dead air. He stood there for more
than a minute, tensed and silent,
while applause washed over him
for nearly 10 percent of his air-
time. Then he danced up a storm KEVIN MAZUR/WIREIMAGE VIA GETTY IMAGES

and enlisted the entire stadium
— people in formations on the
field, the Rose Bowl audience
holding placards — as he called
for compassion and, surrounded
by children, beamed through
“Heal the World.”
It was one template for the
Super Bowl shows that
eventually followed: a superstar,
big hits, a cast of thousands and
graphics for blimps to photo-
graph from above. But the half-
time show still flailed through
the 1990s, trying to merge the
rock stadium concert, the Las
Vegas revue, the drill-team com-
petition and the oldies medley,
mixing the boffo and the surreal.
The “Indiana Jones”-themed
Bono, the lead singer of U2, at the Super Bowl halftime show in New Orleans in 2002. This year’s show will feature Coldplay and an appearance by Beyoncé.
show of 1995 was some kind of
hardworking kitsch apotheosis;
the Motown tribute of 1998 (in-
cluding Smokey Robinson,
Martha Reeves, Boyz II Men and
Queen Latifah) earnestly min-
gled nostalgia and contempora-
neity. And the 1997 “Blues Broth-
ers Bash” — with a vital, dynam-
ic James Brown billed below the
vocally challenged “Blues Broth-
ers” actors — was a study in
white privilege and (as ZZ Top
sang “Tush” and “Legs”) female
objectification. Family entertain-
ment was set aside.
This century has been better,
or at least more rational, for the
Super Bowl halftime. In 2002,
when the shock of the Sept. 11
attacks was still palpable, U2
turned the halftime show into a
national memorial and healing
ritual, playing “Where the
Streets Have No Name” as the
long, long list of victims scrolled
behind the band — pop culture at
its most redemptive.
Super Bowl performers have
come to understand that the
imperfections of their live
performances will be online
forever; they have calculated
more and canned more of the
music. They also learned to play
to the big invisible audience
behind the camera, not the mere
tens of thousands at the game.
M.I.A. managed to upstage an
entire queenly Madonna extrava-
ganza with one raised middle
finger in 2012. But the show has
still gone through multiyear
mood swings.
As the 2000s began, the N.F.L.
let MTV take over the halftime
show and ended up with raunchi-
er, sillier productions: wacky
mash-ups of the year’s hitmakers
with their elders, crossing cate-
gory lines of rock, pop and hip-
hop like the 2001 show that had
’NSync, Britney Spears and
Nelly joining Aerosmith in “Walk
This Way.” MTV’s run ended in
2004 with a set of songs entirely
devoted to lust; Justin Timber-
lake was singing “Bet I’ll have
you naked by the end of this
song” as he pulled too hard on
Janet Jackson’s costume and
bared her breast. What followed
were classic-rock arena veterans
at no risk of accidental nudity.
Yet there aren’t that many of
them left; pop and youth had to
resurface.
The latter-day halftime show
has coalesced into a formula.
There’s a hitmaker with some-
thing to promote, usually ending
or starting a tour. There’s a guest
star (or two) that’s the antithesis
of the headliner: the anarchic
Red Hot Chili Peppers with the
sleekly choreographed Bruno
Mars; the ultra-funky Missy
Elliott with the measured pop of
Katy Perry; and this year the
sultry, commanding Beyoncé
with the dorky Coldplay. But it’s
still a live event, still a big reveal.
Will the halftime show be a tri-
umph or a laughingstock? It
takes only 12 minutes to know.
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Delivering an Electric-Guitar Master Class battery-powered resonators that

Never mind the name: The
electric-guitar quartet Dither got
straight to the point on Tuesday
During its weeklong residence
at this Lower East Side space,
the ensemble is performing
But on Tuesday the program
consisted entirely of works writ-
ten by Dither’s members, who, as
allow a guitarist to glide
smoothly from one note to an-
other — in order to wilt and bend
pitches gently away from a com-
Dither mon note.
The Stone The effect was like listening to
— with crescendos on single
chords that puffed up
grotesquely before coming to
abrupt stops.
This plasticity of sound, which,
in subtler form, is one of Dither’s
hallmarks, required an extraordi-
P r e s s R e a d e r. c o m

at the Stone. From music by composers including well as Mr. Lopes, are Taylor
the propulsive John Zorn (the Stone’s founder), Levine, James Moore and Gyan petals curl off a bud. narily complex amount of foot-
CORINNA opening of Phill Niblock and Cornelius Riley. aspect of the concert was the Mr. Lopes’s “Pantagruel” also work on a battery of pedals and
opened with a unison burst of switches arranged in front of the
da FONSECA- “Dreaming of Cardew, and joining forces with The ensemble delivered many exploration of intergroup
energy before shimmying along musicians’ chairs. Mr. Lopes’s
Vermont,” by performers like the pianist Kath- of the elements you might expect dynamics. These ranged from
WOLLHEIM Joshua Lopes, one leen Supové and the brass en- from a consort of electric guitars, the fierce one-upmanship of Mr. the border between nervous evocative “Head Down, Eyes
of the group’s semble Tilt. like growling chords, squealing Levine’s “Renegade,” with its aggression and a certain floppy- Averted” became a study in the
MUSIC members, the limbed swagger. Mr. Riley’s “The expressive potential of reverb,
REVIEW feedback and flamboyant riffs, flamingly virtuosic solos deliv-
stage was set for Dither is in residence through alongside the rhythmic discipline ered over hard-jolting, irregular Tar of Gyu” upended the notion with subtle trills and little
an evening of sophisticated, Sunday at the Stone, Avenue C honed in more conventional chords, to the silky blend of Mr. that electric guitars command scratches along the length of the
hard-driving and stylistically and Second Street, Manhattan; contemporary classical music. Moore’s “Mannequin.” In that only blocklike dynamics — that strings flitting in and out of the
omnivorous music making. thestonenyc­.org. But perhaps the most interesting work, the players used E-bows — on-or-off quality of amplification clouds of dissipating resonance.
 THE NEW YORK TIMES, THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 4, 2016 N C3

Philharmonic Sets Gilbert’s Final Season

Arts, Briefly By MICHAEL COOPER
The Alan Gilbert era of the New
York Philharmonic will draw to a
A ‘Hamilton’ Number for the Grammys Show, Live Via Satellite close next season with a blaze of
new music (seven premieres), in-
In the latest trickle of news from the Grammys, this year’s Grammys, which will be held in Los triguing juxtapositions (Schoen-
the organizers of the awards show announced on Angeles on Feb. 15 — a Monday, when “Hamilton” berg’s shattering “A Survivor
Wednesday that the cast of “Hamilton” would per- has no performance scheduled — and broadcast From Warsaw” and Beethoven’s
form a number on the broadcast, live via satellite live by CBS. Ninth) and several other nods to
from the Richard Rodgers Theater in New York. This year’s Grammys will also feature hallmarks of his tenure as music
“Hamilton,” created by Lin-Manuel Miranda, has performances by Adele, the Weeknd, Kendrick director, including one last semi-
been a critical and commercial smash and is by far Lamar, Ellie Goulding, Little Big Town and Carrie staged opera: Wagner’s “Das
the hottest ticket on Broadway. The show’s cast Underwood, among others, as well as Lady Gaga in Rheingold.”
recording is up for best musical theater album at a tribute to David Bowie. BEN SISARIO The season, which will mark the
Philharmonic’s 175th anniversary,
was presented on Wednesday, a
week after the orchestra an-
nounced that Mr. Gilbert would be
succeeded by the Dutch conduc-
tor Jaap van Zweden. Its broad
outlines highlight many of the
transformations that Mr. Gilbert
has made since taking his post in
2009, which he said had been
aimed at making the Philhar-
monic “a leader in the cultural
landscape.”
“There were years where it
wasn’t quite clear what the Phil-
harmonic stood for,” Mr. Gilbert
said in a telephone interview. “It’s RICHARD TERMINE FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
always been a great orchestra, but Alan Gilbert, conducting the New York Philharmonic in Decem-
probably the thing I’m most proud ber at Lincoln Center, has been its music director since 2009.
of is the central place in the musi-
cal dialogue that I think the New
York Philharmonic is unquestion- and its place in New York. A sea- ploring movie soundtracks, will
ably occupying now.” son-long program will explore continue, with the orchestra play-
That is largely because of the Dvorak’s “New World” Sym- ing along to several New York-
emphasis Mr. Gilbert has placed phony, of which the orchestra centric films: the Gershwin of
on contemporary music. For his gave the premiere in 1893 and Woody Allen’s “Manhattan,” con-
last season, he will conduct new which it will play at its Sept. 21 ducted by Mr. Gilbert; Leonard
works by Lera Auerbach, John Co- opening night gala, at a Young Bernstein’s “West Side Story,”
rigliano, H K Gruber, Wynton People’s Concert, and at the or- conducted by David Newman;
Marsalis and Anna Thorvaldsdot- and “Breakfast at Tiffany’s,” with
tir, and several by Esa-Pekka Sa- its Henry Mancini score.
lonen, the orchestra’s composer in In June, Mr. Gilbert — whose in-
residence, including his Cello Con- novative semi-staged productions
certo, with Yo-Yo Ma as soloist. Seven premieres, of Ligeti’s “Le Grand Macabre,”
Mr. Gilbert said that he had not
performed more new music than
along with nods to “Sweeney Todd” and Stravinsky’s
“Petrushka” have been highlights
his predecessors but that he had hallmarks of a of his tenure — will lead “Das
DANNY FIELDS
“tried to celebrate what we do and Rheingold,” featuring Eric Owens
not slip it by.” maestro’s tenure. as Wotan and Jamie Barton, in her
Queens Museum Retrospective to Highlight Ramones’ Influence on Pop Culture The season will include a three-
week Tchaikovsky festival con-
Philharmonic debut, as Fricka.
Mr. Gilbert did not disclose details
As the Beatles are to Liverpool, and Bruce more than 350 objects from the band’s archives ducted by Semyon Bychkov and of the staging except to say,
Springsteen is to Asbury Park, N.J., so are the and those of Arturo Vega, who designed its logo; featuring the pianists Yefim chestra’s free summer concerts in “We’re working on, hopefully, a
Ramones, above, to Queens, the polyglot New York from artists like Shepard Fairey and Yoshitomo Bronfman and Kirill Gerstein. The the parks, coupled with educa- plan that serves the piece well and
borough that nurtured John William Cummings, Nara; and from Mad magazine and Punk maga- violinist Leonidas Kavakos will be tional offerings. is also worthy of the tradition that
Thomas Erdelyi, Douglas Glenn Colvin and Jeffrey zine, to demonstrate, as the museum says, how the the artist in residence, playing Mr. van Zweden, who will be- we have laid down for these opera
Ross Hyman — otherwise known as Johnny, Ramones “served as both subject and inspiration concertos by Bach, Ms. Auerbach come music director in the 2018-19 productions.”
Tommy, Dee Dee and Joey Ramone, pioneers of for many visual artists, resulting in a large body of and Brahms; giving a recital with season, will appear in November And his final subscription con-
the two-minute poppy punk song. works.” the pianist Yuja Wang; and ap- conducting the New York pre- certs, June 8 through 10? A bit of a
On April 10 the Queens Museum will present The show will run concurrently with one de- pearing in a Young People’s Con- miere of Julia Adolphe’s Viola mystery. The Philharmonic said
“Hey! Ho! Let’s Go: Ramones and the Birth of voted to the writer and activist Rebecca Solnit. Her cert. Concerto, Tchaikovsky’s Sym- only that it would explore “how
Punk,” a retrospective exhibition that will examine “Atlas” books have used mapping as a new way to And the orchestra will celebrate phony No. 4 and the prelude to the music and musicians can effect
the group’s influence on music and art, as part of a think about the cultural and political life of cities. first act of Wagner’s “Lohengrin.”
its 175th anniversary with a series positive change and harmony in
spate of spring programming under the museum’s This year “Nonstop Metropolis,” the third book in
of programs related to its history The Art of the Score series, ex- the world.”
new director, Laura Raicovich, that focuses on her series, after San Francisco and New Orleans,
Queens as a petri dish of global culture. will take New York City as its subject, and Ms.
The Ramones show, organized with the Grammy Solnit will organize a series of unorthodox works
Museum in Los Angeles, where a second part of
the exhibition will open on Sept. 16, will include
and public programs with the artists Mariam
Ghani and Duke Riley. RANDY KENNEDY
LINCOLN PLAZA
CINEMAS
1886 BROADWAY BETWEEN 62ND & 63RD STREETS
ANGELIKA FILM CENTER
www.angelikafilmcenter.com
Advance Tickets - lincolnplazacinema.com
For more information call (212)757-2280 Corner of Houston & Mercer 995-2000

RAMS
12:00, 2:00, 4:05, 6:15, 8:25, 10:15PM ANOMALISA • n AFERIM!
11:25AM, 2:00, 4:30, 7:05, 9:40PM
RABIN THE LAST DAY 12:00, 12:30, 2:15, 2:45, 4:30,

Many Solo Star Turns pending artist availability,” and the company that he runs in 12:25, 3:20, 6:25, 9:20PM 5:00, 6:45, 7:15, 9:00, 9:30 THE11:05LADY IN THE VAN
, 1:40, 4:15, 6:45, 9:15
performances by Christine the Netherlands, the Toneel- THE LADY IN THE VAN AM PM

In ‘Rabbit’ Production Baranski, Alan Cumming, Ramin
Karimloo, Andrea Martin, Marin
Several prominent New York Mazzie, Donna Murphy, Cynthia
Nixon, David Hyde Pierce, Mar-
actors have signed on to take
groep Amsterdam. A new cast 11:30AM, 1:25, 3:30, 5:40, 7:50, 10:00PM
45 YEARS
BROOKLYN • n
CAROL
will perform it in London.) In 11:10AM, 1:00, 3:00, 5:00, 7:05, 9:00PM 12:15, 12:25, 2:35, 2:50, 5:05, 5:20, 10:40, 11:45 , 1:25, 2:30, 4:10, 5:15,
AM
2018 Ralph Fiennes will star in a ANOMALISA 7:25, 7:40, 9:45, 10:00 7:00, 8:05, 9:45, 10:40PM
production of “Antony and Cleo-
ROOM
11:35AM, 3:40, 5:45, 7:45PM

part in an unusual theatrical tin Short and George Takei. patra.” CHRISTOPHER D. SHEA SON OF SAUL
11:00AM, 12:55, 2:55, 4:55, 7:00, 9:05PM
MACBETH 10:45, 11:45AM, 1:20, 2:20, 3:55, 4:55,
exercise in which they will each MICHAEL PAULSON 12:05, 2:25, 4:50, 7:10, 9:35 6:30, 7:30, 9:05, 10:10PM
AFERIM!
La Scala Names
1:20, 9:30PM
separately perform the same
unrehearsed play before a live
Andrew Garfield to Star
audience over a series of weeks,
New Ballet Director
without the benefit of either a
director or a set.
The play, “White Rabbit Red
In ‘Angels in America’
The National Theater in Lon-
Mauro Bigonzetti, below, an
Italian choreographer with a
Crossword Edited by Will Shortz
PUZZLE BY JEFF CHEN
Rabbit,” was written by Nassim don scrapped the tradition of substantial reputation in Europe Note: The four long Across answers are
affected by a literal interpretation of the 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Soleimanpour, an Iranian play- announcing a single season at a and the United States, has been
wright who had been barred time on Wednesday, naming an appointed shaded boxes.
14 15 16
from leaving his home country. ambitious slate of productions director of La ACROSS 39 Special Forces
The unusual performance struc- that will run there through 2018. Scala Ballet, unit court- 17 18 19
ture, in which a different actor The roster includes the Octo- the company 1 Loads
martialed for a
does the piece each time, was ber premiere of “The Red Barn,” announced. He 6 What a pitcher is crime they didn’t 20 21 22 23
created as a show of solidarity a play by David Hare; a fall succeeds Ma- full of? commit
with him. revival of khar Vaziev, 24 25 26 27
9 Atlas’s disciples 41 Padre’s hermana
An earlier version of the play “Amadeus,” who will be-
was staged at the Iranian The- featuring the come the direc- 14 Yale after whom 28 29 30 31
42 Scottish seaport
ater Festival in New York in 2011, British-Tanza- tor of the Bol- Yale was named known for its
and then it had a world premiere nian actor shoi Ballet on March 18. 15 “___ Kingdom single-malt 32 33 34 35 36

in Edinburgh that year; it has Lucian During his eight-year tenure Come” (2005 Scotch
37 38 39 40
since been performed by many Msamati; and at La Scala, Mr. Vaziev raised Coldplay song)
44 Accrete
actors around the world. a production of the technical level and profile of 16 Patient of a 41 42 43 44
The New York run, over a “Angels in the company, and broadened its 10-Down 45 Elated
series of Monday nights begin- America” range by commissioning work 48 Principle of
17 Ace 45 46 47
ning March 7, will take place at starring the “Spider-Man” actor from Alexei Ratmansky, Martha cosmic balance
the Westside Theater and will Andrew Garfield, above, to open Clarke and Mr. Bigonzetti, 19 Battlefield yell 48 49 50 51 52
benefit PEN International, the in May 2017. among others. The choice of Mr. 20 Cousin of “um” 49 The notorious
association of writers. In December the Belgian Bigonzetti, 55, who works in a Deepwater 53 54 55 56 57
21 Like some Horizon and
Among the actors who have director Ivo van Hove — who contemporary ballet idiom, over barrels used for others
already been scheduled — each directed David Bowie’s musical, other contenders like the La aging whiskey
58 59 60 61
alone on a different night — are “Lazarus,” as well as the hit Scala principal dancer Roberto 53 What a mule
Nathan Lane, Whoopi Goldberg, production of “A View From the Bolle and the former Paris 23 KO may carry 62 63 64
Patrick Wilson, Brian Dennehy Bridge” now running on Broad- Opera Ballet star Laurent Hi- 24 B.A. of the
55 Unstable 65 66 67
and Mike Birbiglia. The way — will make his National laire, is nonetheless a surprise, 39-Across
subatomic
producers, Devlin Elliott and Theater debut with Ibsen’s since La Scala Ballet has long 26 River mentioned particles 2/4/16
Tom Kirdahy, said they were “Hedda Gabler.” (Mr. van Hove maintained a largely traditional in Yosemite Sam’s
also working to schedule “on directed that play for both the classical repertory. self-introduction 57 Lhasa ___ 65 Lead-in to 9 “That’s odd …” 38 Cabaret Voltaire
dates soon to be announced, New York Theater Workshop ROSLYN SULCAS
58 “West Side hound, in the iconoclasts
28 Marvel Comics 10 Provider of
group Story” woman canine world contacts, 40 Cold war
32 Circuits 60 Milestone 66 Wanting for informally weapon?
nothing
KenKen Answers to
35 Essence
36 Peat source 62

63
birthday
Martini’s partner
What precedes
67 Imperatives
11

12
Reasonable
charge
Having immense
43
44
46
Baby ___
Pop up
Father of Taoism
Previous Puzzles 37 Leaves for implications
dinner? the season? DOWN 47 Level
13 Make out
38 Cubs’ home 64 Nostalgia evoker 1 It’sa sobering 50 Touch things?
process 18 Words ending in
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“o” in Esperanto 51 “The Martian”

2 “Hi, Ho!” garb
ANSWER TO PREVIOUS PUZZLE 22 Snags
3 Secretarial sort 52 Results of chafing
25 Small flap,
S P I E L P U N T S S K I 4 Powerful offers? maybe 53 Big name in corn
G E C K O A L O H A T O M syrup
5 Fashion designer 27 Bulwark
T A K E C O N T R O L O R E Anna 29 Chemical ___ 54 Playing extra
S K Y D I V E R A R E A minutes, for
6 Best man’s
P r e s s R e a d e r. c o m

U M A T H U R M A N 30 Sport short
opening
R E P E L R A N T 31 “I’m buying!” 56 Boo-boo
7 Surprise
M I D D L E C L A S S A R F 32 Regarding
volleyball shot 59 Word before
S C I F I A I D A G R E E
8 Lies and lies 33 Ocean China or India
S E T C E N T E R F I E L D
some more? 34 Bar in Hollywood 61 Ford of fashion
S I L O E E N S Y
Fill the grid with digits so as not to repeat a digit in any row or column, and so that the digits within each A L L A T I N G L E
heavily outlined box will produce the target number shown, by using addition, subtraction, multiplication R A I D E A S T A S I A Online subscriptions: Today’s puzzle and more than 9,000 past puzzles,
or division, as indicated in the box. A 4x4 grid will use the digits 1-4. A 6x6 grid will use 1-6. U S E D E A T H E A T E R S nytimes.com/crosswords ($39.95 a year).
For solving tips and more KenKen puzzles: www.nytimes.com/kenken. For feedback: nytimes@kenken.com B E G O R B I T S T E A K Read about and comment on each puzzle: nytimes.com/wordplay.
KenKen® is a registered trademark of Nextoy, LLC. Copyright © 2016 www.KENKEN.com. All rights reserved. A R E C A C T I E A R N S Crosswords for young solvers: nytimes.com/studentcrosswords.
C4 N THE NEW YORK TIMES, THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 4, 2016

Charles Kelley, who has released his first solo album, performing with Lady Antebellum at the CMA Music Festival in 2014.
Charles Kelley
“The Driver”
(Capitol Nashville)
For almost a decade, Charles
Kelley has been the male anchor
of Lady Antebellum, one of the
most popular groups in country
music and the one that has most
assiduously pushed the genre
toward soft-rock oblivion. At the
group’s best, it has made the
highest, most refined sort of
cheese, and Mr. Kelley — who
has a lovely, smooth voice — has
sounded like a soul singer stag-
ing a firm protest against every-
thing going on around him.
Maybe that’s why there’s a
kind of Nashville fatigue hover-
ing over “The Driver,” his first
solo album. Two of its nine songs
are about the secondary players
New Music
that the spotlight often misses.
The tepid title single, a collabora-
tion with Eric Paslay and Dierks
Bentley, celebrates the humble
guy behind the wheel of the tour
bus: “first one in and the last
rolling out.” “Leaving Nashville,”
which closes the album, is far
more skeptical and abrasive:
“Pour out your heart in 3:20/The
one you didn’t write for the
money/You turn it in, nobody’s
listening.”
This is a beautiful song about
failure that in a less corporate
time would seem romantic but
nowadays just feels righteously
angry. Mr. Kelley is laying the
system bare — well, really, the
songwriters Abe Stoklasa and
Donovan Woods are — and pre-
senting the country music ma-
chine as a dream killer, not a
rainmaker: “And your friends
are friends with country stars/
Yeah, they’re buying homes and
here you are/You’re two months
King
“We Are King”
(King Creative)
King is a tribute band, in a way,
but not to one artist’s work. It’s
three women channeling a spe-
cific spirit and a method of roman-
tic, introspective, positive and
harmonically sophisticated R&B.
That might not sound like a
high priority, if your understand-
ing of the value of current R&B is
predicated on how well it sub-
verts or reframes its roots — as
singers from many strata of pop
have been doing, from Kelela and
Dev Hynes to Drake and his heirs.
So it helps actually to hear “We
Are King,” the band’s first full
record after a 2011 EP, and let its
details work on you a bit. I mean
all of it: This is a record that
works in aggregate and assumes
that you have time.
Even in its gentleness, with
mildly Afro-futuristic lyrics about
journeys and persistence and
love, “We Are King” is pretty
stubborn. It isn’t making a leaner,
blurrier or more gratification-
delaying R&B — it gratifies from
beginning to end — nor is it an-
nexing hip-hop’s beats or es-
sences. It’s not a provocation on
the ramparts of contemporary
aesthetics; it’s not a 2016 revision
WADE PAYNE/INVISION, VIA ASSOCIATED PRESS
of R&B, particularly. It’s a musi-
cians’ album, going deeper into
the strategies of a strain of R&B
that might begin with Stevie
Wonder’s “Music of My Mind”
(1972) and continue through
Gabriel Kahane
and Brooklyn Rider
“The Fiction Issue”
(self-released)
Gabriel Kahane poses a time-
less rhetorical question in “The
Fiction Issue,” his finely wrought
new album: “What’s a day with-
from living in your car.” out a doughnut?” He’s singing in
Mr. Kelley can do that, though, the guise of someone headed out
because he’s never been an for coffee, bathed in bright morn-
optimal fit for the genre. And on ing light. But the darkening shiv-
this pleasant but not especially ers of his arrangement for string
challenging album, he relies on quartet, played by Brooklyn
his strength, love songs in the Rider, set up an emotional pivot:
key of blue-eyed soul: the ele- He’s still numb from a wrenching
gantly aching “I Wish You Were loss, and his daily routine pro-
Here” (with Miranda Lambert vides only meager distraction.
singing lovely harmony) and Mr. Kahane is deeply in his
“Lonely Girl,” which shuffles element here, sketching vignettes
with a kind of prim swagger. For with ruminative grace. He wrote
years, Mr. Kelly has been en- “The Fiction Issue,” the six-part
gaged in an elaborate country- song cycle at the heart of his
musical con game; finally, here, album, as a Carnegie Hall com-
he’s telling Nashville just what mission for voices and strings.
he thinks about it. Shara Worden (who records as
JON CARAMANICA My Brightest Diamond) is the
other vocalist, her chamber oper-
atic soprano offset by Mr. Ka-
hane’s conversational baritone,
singing a series of art songs that
can just as readily evoke Robert
Schumann as Paul Simon.
That sophisticated breadth of
style is a trademark for Mr. Ka-
hane. “Bradbury,” from his 2014
album, “The Ambassador” (Sony
Masterworks), serves as a
springboard here for “Bradbury
Studies,” a string interlude fea-
turing a range of new-music
techniques. (Brooklyn Rider will
revisit the piece when it performs
with Mr. Kahane on Sunday at
National Sawdust.)
Patrice Rushen’s “Straight From
the Heart” (1982), as well as any
number of Prince ballads and
Luther Vandross party songs.
Given all that, I’m not sure how
the record manages to evade the
feeling of fetishizing the past.
(The members of King — the twin
sisters Paris and Anita Strother,
and Anita Bias — wrote and
produced the album, with Paris
playing all the instruments, ex-
cept for guitar and horns. But
self-producing artists can be
fetishizers, too.) Part of it has to
do with hard work: stirring chord
changes, analog synthesizers, bits
of jazz and gospel, luxurious slow
tempos and hypnosis built
through a refrain over bulbous
synth tones, as they do in “The
Right One” and “Supernatural”
and “The Story.” But part of it
must have to do with their intent.
King seems trend-agnostic:
making music that isn’t demon-
strably new, but doing it in a way
that isn’t demonstrably old.
BEN RATLIFF
“The Fiction Issue” isn’t the
only song cycle on the album: Mr.
Kahane also includes a three-part
invention called “Come On All
You Ghosts,” adapted from
Matthew Zapruder’s 2010 poetry
collection. The second movement,
“Letter to a Lover,” progresses in
bittersweet drifts, as if each line
of verse had dictated its own
musical angle of approach.
But the album’s title suite is the
more momentous. Though the
lyrics are shrewdly ambiguous,
it’s a post-Sept. 11 piece of art,
concerned with the ways a soci-
ety carries on after collective
tragedy. “O falling body,” Ms.
Worden sings at several points;
there are stories of recovery,
references to “the accident,” a
more concrete image of “build-
ings crashing.”
Strikingly, Mr. Kahane employs
the strings as a partner in his
narrative drive, often letting
Brooklyn Rider punctuate or
answer an emotional theme. It
happens for the last time when
Ms. Worden speaks for an entire
city: “We’ll be fine,” she sings,
but the melody doesn’t resolve.
NATE CHINEN

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THE CURIOUS INCIDENT

Music and Lyrics by FUN HOME OF THE DOG

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MAURICE HINES
CHRISTOPHER WHEELDON
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Children Learn to Eat

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Visitors at Tefaf in Maastricht, the Netherlands, last year. Tefaf Maastricht is collaborating with Artvest Partners, the New York art advisers, to hold two annual events at the Park Avenue Armory.
The Maastricht Art and Design Fair Widens Its Reach, to New York
By SCOTT REYBURN
LONDON — The European
Fine Art Fair Maastricht, Eu-
rope’s biggest and most presti-
gious fair devoted to art, antiques
and design, is expanding into New
York.
The Netherlands-based event,
called Tefaf Maastricht and orga-
nized by dealers under the um-
brella of the nonprofit European
Fine Art Foundation, is working
with the New York art advisers
Artvest Partners to hold two an-
nual fairs at the Park Avenue Ar-
mory, Tefaf said Wednesday.
Tefaf New York Fall will open in
October to showcase dealers spe-
cializing in artworks from antiqui-
ty to the 20th century. Tefaf New
Gwyneth Muller, foreground, and Brittany Pollack in “The Most Incredible Thing,” a Hans Christian Andersen fairy tale.
Forever Mindful of the Ticking Clock
From First Arts Page
young Creator (Taylor Stanley)
aims to win the hand of the Prin-
cess (Sterling Hyltin) by pre-
senting her a clock that performs
different marvels (people and
actions) on each of the 12 hours.
(Remember those e-cards with
the 12 days of Christmas? Ander-
sen’s description makes those
look like child’s play.) When the
Destroyer (Amar Ramasar)
smashes the clock and is about to
become the Princess’s husband,
the clock’s shattered denizens
return to life and destroy him.
The creation of the clock had
seemed the incredible feat that
deserved the Princess; then the
destruction more so. It’s the
artifact’s survival, however, that
truly proves most unbelievable of
all and brings artist and princess
together. Yet in Mr. Dzama’s
visual staging, the two-dimen-
sional clock face is a tedious
central spectacle, and Mr. Peck
makes it less clear that the Cre-
ator made it than you’d like.
As for the three-dimensional
people who pour forth from that
machine, Mr. Peck makes them
neither enchanting pieces of
clockwork (the dolls in Leonide
Massine’s 1919 ballet “La Bou-
This program continues in City
Ballet repertory through Feb. 11.
“The Most Incredible Thing”
returns with other ballets on Feb.
19, then April 21 to May 7 at the
David Koch Theater, Lincoln
Center; nycballet.com.
York Spring, scheduled for May
2017, will focus on high-end mod-
ern art and design. Each fair is to
feature about 80 to 90 interna-
tional exhibitors.
These fairs will replace the Ar-
mory’s international fine art and
antiques show, in the fall, (for-
merly organized by Haughton In-
ternational Fairs, but now ac-
quired by Tefaf and Artvest) and,
in 2017, the Spring Masters fair
(organized by Artvest). The new
fairs will expand beyond the Ar-
mory’s huge Wade Thompson
Drill Hall into some of the period
rooms on the first and second
floors, which are being restored
by the Swiss architects Herzog &
de Meuron.
tique Fantasque” have more life
than the humans who want to
buy them) nor miraculously real
(the forlorn title character of
Michel Fokine’s 1911 “Petrouchka”
is a puppet with an anguished
inner life). Mr. Peck’s toy figures
merely arrive like a conventional
divertissement suite, a series of
party pieces — generally duller
than the fairy-tale figures who
turn up in the “Sleeping Beauty”
wedding.
One o’clock in Andersen’s
version brings Moses writing
down “There is only one God.”
Why does Mr. Peck think a
cuckoo (Tiler Peck) is a valid
equivalent? She’s a very busy
bee — I wish Mr. Dzama’s
winged outfit let us see her color-
atura steps better — but she has
nothing to do with how a cuckoo
sings or flies, let alone how a
cuckoo clock functions.
Those three clunky knights are
supposed to be kings? Why are
the five senses all alike? Since
the program tells us the eight
men are monks, why does Mr.
Dzama dress them like wizards
in Hogwarts hats? This creation
isn’t the most anything.
Brief flashes of inspiration
occur, often at baffling moments.
I don’t know why the King is
played by two tall men (Russell
Janzen and Ask la Cour) as a
single faceless, giant bivalve that
magically sunders into two to
reveal the Princess — but the
effect is so compellingly fantastic
that it’s engrossing. I have no
notion why the Spring Bird is
THE NEW YORK TIMES, THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 4, 2016
In the meantime, the 29th edi-
tion of the original Tefaf Maas-
tricht fair will open in the Dutch
city on March 11 and run though
March 20, with a roster of 270
dealers from 20 countries.
Awkward to get to (unless by
private plane), overstocked with
unfashionable old masters and sit-
uated in the middle of a continent
with plenty of economic problems,
Tefaf Maastricht has been looking
to widen its reach for some time.
In March 2013, the fair announced
that it would collaborate with
Sotheby’s to hold an event in
China, provisionally titled Tefaf
Beijing 2014. Nine months later,
Tefaf tersely announced that the
fair in China was “not viable at the
represented by a woman (Gwyn-
eth Muller) in full-length scarlet
doing an act in the manner of the
early modern dancer Loie Fuller,
with elongated sleeves and fabric
suggesting flickering flames —
but, for a few seconds, Mr. Peck,
Mr. Dzama and Ms. Muller bring
Fuller’s fire-dance alive.
When the Destroyer arrives,
he’s wonderfully arresting. Like
the god Janus of Roman mythol-
ogy, he has two faces, one on the
back of his head. He, in every-
thing he does, is the most real
person in the piece.
Talk about a triangle:
Creator, Destroyer,
Princess.
But when the creations come
back to life, Mr. Dessner’s music
lapses into a pastiche of Philip
Glass and Michael Nyman.
Though Mr. Dzama uses several
bright colors, his set and Mr.
Baker’s lighting make the story
somber; theirs is a realm where
the sun forgot to shine.
Mr. Peck, 28, became City
Ballet’s resident choreographer
last year. To date, the largest
complaints about him have been
old-fashioned ones, namely that
he has nothing to say and that he
doesn’t make male-female duets
with dramatic depth. “The Most
Expansion for a big
European event.
present time.”
“On numerous occasions, our
exhibitors in Maastricht have ex-
pressed the need and desire for a
Tefaf platform in the U.S., as have
many private and institutional
collectors,” said Patrick van
Maris, chief executive of Tefaf.
“Among the different possibilities
Tefaf has explored over the past
couple of years, this partnership
with Artvest in the Park Avenue
Armory New York really stood
out. As the world’s most buoyant
ANDREA MOHIN/THE NEW YORK TIMES
Incredible Thing” starts to refute
these, but — at a first viewing —
not effectively.
Creator and Princess no
sooner meet, near the start of the
work, than they go into a formu-
laic this-thing-called-love duet,
with no getting-to-know-you
courtesy and some foolish up-
side-down lifts. She, curiously,
becomes more freshly lifelike
when she’s with the Destroyer: a
tense, dark number as if she’s
falling reluctantly under his
spell. When she’s reunited with
the Creator, they reprise their
earlier pas de deux, this time
without the lifts that, at this later
stage of the story, would no long-
er have seemed improper.
There’ll be more to say of this
ballet during the season. There
are two casts; it returns to reper-
tory in April and May. In the
present program, it’s preceded
by three ballets that were new in
October — Myles Thatcher’s
“Polaris,” Robert Binet’s “The
Blue of Distance” and Troy Schu-
macher’s “Common Ground” —
and by Christopher Wheeldon’s
“Estancia,” which hasn’t been
seen since 2010, the year of its
creation.
The Thatcher, Binet and Schu-
macher works are pleasing and
make their dancers highly attrac-
tive. “Estancia,” amiably dated
when new, now looks harmlessly
silly. Now, Mr. Wheeldon cer-
tainly has something to say:
principally, that, in Argentina,
when there aren’t young women
to kiss, there are always horses.
art market, New York is a perfect
match.”
Tefaf’s New York venture — es-
sentially two new boutique fairs —
is an audacious move at a time
when demand in the art market
shows signs of cooling and the cal-
endar has never been more
crowded with high-end fairs.
The more historically focused
Tefaf New York Fall will be held
from Oct. 22 to Oct. 27, just two
weeks after Frieze Masters in
London, and it clashes with the
FIAC modern and contemporary
art fair in Paris. Tefaf New York
Spring, scheduled for May 4 to
May 9, 2017, will coincide with the
marquee auctions of modern and
contemporary art at Christie’s,
An Observational Comedy
Starring Horses and Rats
Pizza Rat: great New Yorker
or greatest New Yorker? Last
September, the Internet em-
braced a video clip of a rat drag-
ging the city’s finest populist
comestible down a
JAMES subway staircase.
It was hilarious
PONIEWOZIK and disgusting, but
for city folk, the
TELEVISION identification went
REVIEW
deeper. Here was a
fellow prole, having battled New
York City for an absurdly large
prize, humping it home like a
weary commuter. Pizza Rat was
us.
In the grungy spirit of Pizza
Rat comes HBO’s animated
comedy “Animals,” which has its
premiere on Friday. Based on a
series of online shorts by the
creators Phil Matarese and Mike
Luciano and produced by the
indie power sibs Jay and Mark
Duplass (“Togetherness”), it
imagines this city’s schlubbiest
critters — pigeons and bugs,
police horses and alley cats — as
neurotic hipsters. It’s not exactly
“Master of None” or “Broad
City,” but it’s what you might find
behind those shows’ baseboards.
“Animals,” like Netflix’s “Bo-
Jack Horseman,” is a comedy
about creatures that have the
anxieties and social entangle-
ments of humans, but the
appetites and drives of animals.
It’s a funny gimmick, raunchily
executed, but not much more
than that.
The series begins with two rat
buddies heading to a party, on
the hunt for mates. (One of them
has procured a saltine. We can’t
all be Pizza Rat.) It’s the hookup-
anxiety stuff of a dozen singles-
hangout sitcoms, but intensified
by the rodents’ much faster
biological clocks. (“This guy is
the king of making babies!” is
how a rat wingman talks.)
Underneath its fur and feath-
ers, “Animals” is a pretty familiar
species: Comedicus bohemiana,
the observational, urban comedy.
Its animation is soot-tinged and
static, with the unpretty, dis-
tressed look of an alternative
graphic novel. It enlists a me-
nagerie of indie film and comedy
Animals This HBO series from the Duplass brothers, which imagines
New York City’s creatures as neurotic hipsters, begins on Friday.
N C5
TOM POSTMA DESIGN
Sotheby’s and Phillips, and will
also complement — and have to
compete with — the hipper Frieze
New York fair, which features the
cream of the world’s contempo-
rary art dealers. Cutting-edge
contemporary has never been a
strength at Tefaf — none of that
market’s mega-galleries, such as
Gagosian, Hauser & Wirth or Da-
vid Zwirner, will be represented in
Maastricht next month.
It also remains to be seen if
Tefaf’s new ventures will enhance
or diminish the appeal of the origi-
nal fair. At present, Tefaf Maas-
tricht attracts about 75,000 vis-
itors and representatives from
more than 200 museums. But will
they want to visit three Tefafs?
guest voices, including both
Duplasses, Molly Shannon, Nick
Kroll, Wanda Sykes and Marc
Maron (playing a rat version of
himself).
At its best, the show uses
animal life to send up specific
city-living situations and subcul-
tures. A story about two cat
brothers that have never left
their apartment gradually lays
bare the creepy, codependent
relationship behind the cuddly
exterior; a bit about moths gath-
ering around an electric sign
imagines the experience as a
kind of trippy insect Burning
Man. (“This is my favorite part,
right when the light starts hit-
ting. This moment is all there is,
and then you see the light.”)
Because of its anthology for-
mat, “Animals” doesn’t have
much time to develop any partic-
Critters that have the
neuroses and social
entanglements of
humans.
ular character. (There is a con-
tinuing, superfluous story line
about a seedy bunch of people;
unlike the animals, the humans
mostly don’t speak.) This is the
kind of loose, talky slacker com-
edy that needs razor-sharp ob-
servations and originality to
work. Unfortunately, the writing
isn’t consistently funny enough
to make up for the, well, shaggy
dog storytelling. Too often, the
conceit of an “Animals” vignette
is to take a familiar setup — an
awkward dinner party, say —
and add the joke: But they’re
fish!
“Animals” has inspired mo-
ments, and it deserves credit for
trying to expand beyond the
millions of human stories in the
naked city. But simply being a rat
is not enough to make you an
interesting person.
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C6 N THE NEW YORK TIMES, THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 4, 2016
Ill-Fated
Love Story,
This Time
With Twists
Even before the houselights go
down, we hear familiar strains of
Tchaikovsky’s “Swan Lake” at an
unusually rapid tempo. After a
while, swans appear, wearing the
white tutus associated
BRIAN with the ballet, but
half of them are male.
SEIBERT All of them are black
South Africans. They
DANCE strike attitudes of
REVIEW
ballet swans in a
forceful, clipped fashion. They
turn away from us, and as they
flap their arms sinuously, they
shake their tail feathers of tulle.
This is the “Swan Lake” of the
South African choreographer
Dada Masilo. In this acclaimed
2010 work, which had its New
York premiere on Tuesday at the
Joyce Theater, Ms. Masilo adapts
elements of the original story
and music to her own ends. Her
quick, hourlong version mixes
barefoot ballet with African
stomping, hip shaking and ulula-
tions. The swan-woman Odette
(Ms. Masilo herself) is married
off to Siegfried, but Siegfried is
in love with Odile, a swan-man.
Society disapproves, and no one
lives happily ever after.
This is not one of those rein-
terpretations that smugly seek to
expose the rot in Western clas-
sics. Its politics are simple —
against homophobia — and its
manner is friendly, even near the
start, when it makes fun of ballet
conventions with broad narra-
tion about “surplus girls in the
moonlight.”
I found that satire too gentle
and obvious to be funny, and
amid the manic, spastic repre-
sentation of a shallow wedding, I
wanted to escape. That’s how
Siegfried is supposed to feel, and
Ms. Masilo’s “Swan Lake” is
effective in inspiring empathy
for each member of its thwarted
love triangle. The pas de deux
between Siegfried (the vulnera-
ble Songezo Mcilizeli) and Odile
(the tall, graceful Llwellyn Mn-
guni) has a touching, impossible-
Dada Masilo’s “Swan Lake”
continues through Sunday at the
Joyce Theater, 175 Eighth Avenue,
Manhattan; 212-242-0800, joyce
.org.
A Critic Explores the Finer Points of Finding Fault
From First Arts Page
It may at times be essential to
find fault; it is scarcely ever
enough.
“Better Living Through Criti-
cism” is composed of six chap-
ters and four dialogues. It opens
The Authors Guild, The Authors Guild Foundation,
The Authors League Fund & The Authors Registry
Celebrate the Life of
PAUL AIKEN
1959-2016
For over two decades,
Paul was fiercely dedicated to making the
world a better place for writers, readers and
everyone else affected by the written word.
Authors Guild Executive Director: 1995-2014
Swan Lake The South African choreographer Dada Masilo, top right with Songezo Mcilizeli, at the Joyce
Theater. Above, from left, Tshepo Zasekhaya, Kyle Rossouw, Thamsanqa Tshabalala and Ipeleng Merafe.
love beauty.
But that duet is set to Steve
Reich’s music. Ms. Masilo uses
Tchaikovsky’s pas de deux score
for her own cheery solo. For
later sections, she grabs Saint-
Saëns’s “The Dying Swan”
(twice), along with a grating
modernization of Tchaikovsky
and the contemporary cliché of
Arvo Pärt’s “Spiegel im Spiegel.”
In each case, her interpretation
with an imaginary (or perhaps
not so imaginary) interviewer
asking the critic: “What’s the
point of criticism? What are
critics good for?” And it says, just
before it closes, that where criti-
cism is concerned, “nobody has
ever figured out where to begin,
or what to conclude.” Does this
mean we have gotten nowhere?
Certainly, we haven’t been
given what Virginia Woolf called
“a nugget of pure truth to wrap
up between the pages of your
notebooks and keep on the man-
telpiece for ever.” But if we were
looking for an intelligent, in-
formed and often funny account
of why we can’t live comfortably
with criticism (in any of the
word’s meanings), and can’t live
without it, either, we need look no
further, and shall probably want
to read this book more than once.
What haunts Mr. Scott’s book,
and makes it so satisfyingly
inconclusive, is the deceptively
simple notion of thinking. Here is
where the professional and the
amateur meet. “A critic will be no
different from anyone else who
stops to think about the experi-
ence” — whether of watching a
movie or reading a novel or look-
ing at a painting or listening to
music. When his interlocutor
expresses surprise that Mr. Scott
has “written a book in defense of
thinking,” adding that “Nobody is
really against thinking,” the critic
says: “Are you serious? Anti-
intellectualism is virtually our
civic religion.”
Thinking takes many forms,
Michael Wood is the author, most
recently, of “Alfred Hitchcock:
The Man Who Knew Too Much.”
He teaches at Princeton.
PHOTOGRAPHS BY JULIETA CERVANTES FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
of the music is generically sad
and sadly generic; the lazy
choices underline a lack of en-
gagement with the Tchaikovsky
score.
Ms. Masilo’s choreography to
that music is novel in its
continual switch-hitting between
bits of ballet and African dance,
but apart from the comedy of
seeming incongruity, the jum-
bling isn’t particularly expres-
A. O. Scott, the author of “Better Living Through Criticism.”
though, and even anti-in-
tellectualism is an intellectual
posture. Sometimes thinking
means just saying, “I don’t get it,”
as long as this phrase doesn’t
suggest that you’re refusing all
further inquiry. Sometimes it is a
matter of wonder, in both of its
senses: what is happening here,
and how amazing this is.
Mr. Scott also identifies stop-
ping to think, which he also calls
“expanded consciousness,” with
“radically altered perception,”
and doesn’t deny the meta-
phorical association with drugs.
He cites Teju Cole’s novel “Open
City,” with its narrator who walks
out of a museum “with the feeling
of someone who had returned to
the earth from a great distance.”
But isn’t this an experience of art,
not of criticism as a pause for
thought? It’s both. Without the
art, the man wouldn’t have any-
thing to wonder at; without re-
flection, he wouldn’t measure the
distance from the earth. The
“Better Living” of Mr. Scott’s title
is a chance, not an already ac-
complished result. “It’s the job of
art to free our minds, and the
task of criticism to figure out
what to do with that freedom.”
Mr. Scott recalls R. P. Black-
mur’s definition of criticism as
“the formal discourse of an ama-
teur.” So criticism is “not really, in
the conventional sense, a job at
all.” The meanings of “amateur”
as lover, collector, dabbler, don’t
make things look better. But an
interesting truth lurks here. The
professional doesn’t have to lose
touch with the amateur he or she
also is. What Mr. Scott’s book
suggests, and what “thinking”
turns out to mean in criticism, is
that it is possible to do for money
what you would do for love, or
have to do anyway.
sive. Like the androgyny of male
and female swans in tutus or
long skirts, the idea of mixing is
given rather than explored.
On the whole, Ms. Masilo’s
“Swan Lake” seems intended for
audiences who find both ballet
and homosexuality to be foreign.
Corrections as basic as this work
are probably still needed, and
not just in South Africa. There’s
a cue for mournful music.
CARMEN HENNING
Mr. Scott’s book moves swiftly
through its elusive topics. Is
beauty really in the eye of the
beholder? What does it mean to
visit a museum? What sort of
creature is a critic? What are the
virtues of being wrong? And
what is happening to criticism in
the age of digital opinion and the
prophesied death of print? The
witnesses called include Kant,
Rilke, Emerson, Susan Sontag
and Edmund Wilson, but they
don’t weigh the book down, and
you may be relieved to hear that
Who is he to judge?
Glad you asked.
Howard Hawks’s film “Bringing
Up Baby” gets more mentions
than any other work or person,
except Henry James.
Mr. Scott does not forget his
day job or his pleasures, and the
book ends with a bravura section
on food criticism and the Pixar
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CO PY R I G H T A N D P R OT E C T E D BY A P P L I C A B L E L AW
movie “Ratatouille.” He is dis-
tinctly lyrical about the need to
follow Julia Child’s instructions
and sauté the different
vegetables of the title dish in the
same olive oil. “That oil is the
medium and the meaning, the
P r e s s R e a d e r. c o m
form and the content, the matter
and the spirit.” His imagined
interviewer says he is losing
control of his metaphors, and Mr.
Scott says, “I am, but let my
exaggeration stand for the over-
whelming nature of the experi-
ence.” Ideally, critics need to be
overwhelmed before they start
thinking. But then, the reasons
for eating are just the beginning
of reasons for an interest in food.
 THE NEW YORK TIMES, THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 4, 2016 N C7

EVENING WHAT TO WATCH THURSDAY

7:00 7:30 8:00 8:30 9:00 9:30 10:00 10:30 11:00 11:30 12:00
2 WCBS The Insider (N) Entertainment > The Big Bang Life in Pieces Mom “Quaaludes Angel From HellElementary “Down Where the Dead NEWS (N) (CC) The Late Show With Stephen The high school basketball film “Hoosiers” may
(CC) (HD) Tonight (N) (CC) Theory (N) (CC) (N) (CC) (HD) and Crackerjack.” “Soulmates.” (N)
Delight.” A bomb is detonated in the (HD) Colbert Michael Strahan; Samantha inspire enthusiasm for the approaching N.C.A.A.
(HD) (HD) (8:01) (14) (8:32) (N) (HD) (14) (9:02) (CC) (HD) (PG)
morgue. (N) (CC) (HD) (14) Bee; Wilco. (N) (HD) (PG) (11:35)
tournament, and perhaps for the Indiana
4 WNBC Extra (N) (CC) Access Hol- OYou, Me and the Apocalypse “An The Blacklist “Alistair Pitt.” Uniting
Shades of Blue “Equal & Oppo- NEWS (N) (CC) The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy
(HD) (PG) lywood (N) (CC) Erotic Odyssey.” Scotty has a plan to rival families; a former flame. (N)
site.” A drug lord discovers Woz- (HD) Fallon Jonah Hill; Megyn Kelly; Wiz Hoosiers, who are leading the Big Ten. And if you
(HD) (PG) save the world. (N) (CC) (HD) (PG) (CC) (HD) (14) niak’s secret. (N) (CC) (HD) (14) Khalifa. (N) (CC) (HD) (14) (11:34) aren’t much for comedies like “You, Me and the
5 WNYW > Modern Fam- > Modern Fam- American Idol “Hollywood Round No. 4.” The 24 semifinalists are re- NEWS Alexander, Lacy, Gregory, > The Big Bang > The Simpsons TMZ Live (CC) Apocalypse,” the avant-garde “Baskets,” starring
ily (CC) (HD) ily Phil ends up vealed. (N) (CC) (HD) (PG) Salzberg. (N) (CC) Theory (CC) “I Won’t Be Home (HD) (PG) Zach Galifianakis, may appeal.
(PG) in jail. (HD) (HD) (PG) for Christmas.”
7 WABC Jeopardy! (N) Wheel of For- OMadoff Investment adviser Bernie Madoff. (N) (HD) (Part 2 of 2) (PG) Madoff: After the Fall Individuals NEWS (N) (CC) Jimmy Kimmel Live Jason Sudei-
(CC) (HD) (G) tune (N) (CC)
(HD) (G)
inside Madoff’s world. (N) (CC) (HD) (HD)
(10:01)
kis; Lionel Richie. (N) (CC) (HD)
(14) (11:35) WHAT’S STREAMING
9 WWOR Family Feud (N) > The Big Bang The Mentalist “Pilot.” Hallmarks of The Mentalist “Red Hair and Silver NEWS (N) (CC) Inside Edition Anger Manage- Anger Manage- > How I Met
(CC) (HD) (PG) Theory a serial killer. (CC) (HD) (14) Tape.” (CC) (HD) (14) (HD) (N) (CC) (HD) ment (CC) (HD) ment (CC) (HD) Your Mother (14) BLUE MOUNTAIN STATE: THE RISE OF
11 WPIX > Friends (CC) > Seinfeld (CC) DC’s Legends of Tomorrow “Blood The 100 “Ye Who Enter Here.” (N) NEWS (N) (CC) PIX11 Sports > Seinfeld (CC) Two and a Half Two and a Half THADLAND (2016) on demand. The Blue
(HD) (PG) (HD) (PG) Ties.” (N) (CC) (HD) (14) (CC) (HD) (14) (HD) Desk (HD) (10:45) (HD) (PG) Men (CC) (HD) Men (CC) (HD) Mountain State football star Thad Castle signs
13 WNET PBS NewsHour (N) (CC) (HD) N.Y.C. Arts MetroFocus Mercy Street “The Uniform.” Dr. The Great Fire Thomas returns to The Great Fire > Charlie Rose (N) (CC) (HD) an N.F.L. contract and begins to forget his alma
(CC) Foster operates on his brother. (HD) rescue Sarah. (CC) (PG) (CC) (PG) (10:46) (11:32)
mater. But when a dean threatens the school’s
21 WLIW MetroFocus WLIW Arts Beat Treasures-N.Y. Treasures-N.Y. Nature (CC) (HD) (PG) Nova “Creatures of Light.” (N) (HD) MetroFocus NEWS (CC) Antiques ways of life, Thad returns to throw one crazy
25 WNYE Afropop: Cultural Exchange Food. Curated. Frankie Cooks Potluck Eating Harlem 92Y on N.Y.C.Life (CC) Polish News Firehouse 92Y-N.Y.C.Life party.
31 WPXN Blue Bloods (CC) (HD) (14) Blue Bloods “No Regrets.” (HD) Blue Bloods “Loss of Faith.” (HD) Blue Bloods (CC) (HD) (14) Blue Bloods “Devil’s Breath.” (HD) Blue Bloods (HD)
41 WXTV Muchacha italiana viene a Antes Muerta que Lichita (N) Pasión y poder (N) El Hotel de los Secretos (N) Noticias (N) Noticiero Uni Deportivo
47 WNJU Caso Cerrado: Edición Estelar (N) Celia (N) (CC) Eva la Trailera (N) (CC) La Querida del Centauro (N) (CC) Noticias Titulares y Más Gran Hermano WHAT’S ON TV
48 WRNN NEWS (N) Paid programming
49 CPTV PBS NewsHour (N) (CC) (HD) Doc Martin (CC) (HD) (PG) The Doctor Blake Mysteries (CC) A Place to Call Home (HD) This Old House This Old House Newsline (CC)
50 WNJN One on One NEWS African Americans: Many Rivers African Americans: Many Rivers SciTech Now MetroFocus NEWS State of the Arts > Charlie Rose
55 WLNY 2 Broke Girls > Mike & Molly > Law & Order: CI (CC) (HD) NEWS (N) Judge Judy (N) Judge Judy (N) 2 Broke Girls > Mike & Molly Ent. Tonight
63 WMBC Paid programming Vision Lecture Compass (8:40) NEWS Essentials of Paid programming
68 WFUT Por Ella Soy Eva (6) La Rosa de Guadalupe (CC) Lady La Vendedora de Rosas Ruta 35 (N) Noticias (N) Noticiero Uni Vecinos (CC)
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BBCA . The Hunt for Red October (1990). Soviet sub captain with plan. O.K. suspense, but novel was better. (PG) (CC) OLondon Spy (N) (CC) (14) . The Hunt for Red October (1990). (PG) (CC) (11:15)
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BLOOM > Charlie Rose (N) (CC) With All Due Respect (G) Trending Business (N) (G) > Charlie Rose (CC) Bloomberg West (G) Paid programming
BRV Top Chef “Back in the Day.” Show Top Chef “Where’s the Beef?” Top Chef “Restaurant Wars, Part Recipe for Deception “To Each His Watch What Top Chef “Restaurant Wars, Part
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CBSSN That Other Pregame Show (6) College Basketball South Florida vs. Cincinnati. Super Bowl Live The Timeline
CMT Last-Standing Last-Standing Last-Standing Last-Standing Party Down South (N) (14) Redneck Island (N) (PG) Party Down South (14) Reba (CC) (PG)
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CNN Erin Burnett OutFront (N) Anderson Cooper 360 (N) (CC) Anderson Cooper 360 (N) (CC) CNN Tonight With Don Lemon (N) CNN Tonight With Don Lemon (N) CNN Newsroom
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COM > South Park > South Park Tosh.0 (CC) (14) Tosh.0 “Friendly Tosh.0 (CC) (14) Tosh.0 (CC) (14) Workaholics (N) Idiotsitter “Hos The Daily Show The Nightly At Midnight With
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DIS Liv and Maddie Mako Mermaids Frenemies (2012, TVF). Bella Thorne, Zendaya. Bes- Jessie “Coffee Bunk’d “Camp Best Friends Girl Meets World K.C. Undercover Jessie “Star
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E! E! News (N) (CC) (PG) Hollywood Medium Hollywood Medium Just Jillian “Expand the Brand.” E! News (N) (CC) (PG)
THE BOURNE ULTIMATUM (2007) 7:15 p.m. on
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ENCFAM . Hoosiers (1986). Gene Hackman, Dennis Hopper. (PG) (CC) The Pink Panther (1964). David Niven, Peter Sellers. (CC) (8:56) Drive Me Crazy (1999). (PG-13) (CC) (10:52) no memory of his past in this third installment
ESPN College Basketball Ohio State vs. Wisconsin. 30 for 30 The Bears Super Bowl XX win. SportsCenter (CC) SportsCenter in the series, directed by Paul Greengrass. He
ESPN2 College Basketball Texas A&M vs. Vanderbilt. College Basketball Connecticut vs. Memphis. College Basketball Utah vs. Oregon State. (CC) travels through Moscow; London; Tangier,
ESPNCL Global Supercard Wrestling Global Supercard Wrestling Friday Night Lights “After the Fall.” Friday Night Lights (CC) (14) Global Supercard Wrestling Global Super Morocco; and New York as he evades the C.I.A.
ESQTV NCIS: Los Angeles “Beacon.” (14) . Next of Kin (1989). Patrick Swayze, Liam Neeson. (R) (CC) . Next of Kin (1989). Patrick Swayze, Liam Neeson. (R) (CC) while searching for his personal history. “Their
FOOD Chopped “Tailgate Fate.” (G)Kids Baking Championship (G) Chopped “Chinese New Year.” (G) Beat Bobby Flay Beat Bobby Flay Beat Bobby Flay Beat Bobby Flay Chopped (G) sights set far beyond the usual genre
FOXNEWS On the Record With Greta Van The O’Reilly Factor (N) (CC) The Kelly File (N) Hannity (N) The O’Reilly Factor (CC) The Kelly File
coordinates, the three Bourne movies drill into
Susteren (N) (CC) your psyche as well as into your body,” Manohla
FREEFRM . Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows: Part 2 (2011). Daniel Radcliffe, Rupert Grint. (PG-13) (6:45) Recovery Road (CC) (14) The 700 Club (CC) (HD) (G) Step Up 3 (2010). Dargis wrote in The Times. “They’re unusually
FS1 N.F.L. Presents N.F.L. Films U.F.C. Count. U.F.C. College Basketball Colorado vs. Oregon. (CC) Fox Sports Live (CC) TMZ Sports
smart works of industrial entertainment, with
action choreography that’s as well considered
FUSE Red Sands (2009). Shane West, Leonard Roberts. (R) The Death and Life of Bobby Z (2007). Paul Walker. (R) The Death and Life of Bobby Z (2007). (R)
as the direction.” (Image: Mr. Damon)
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YOU, ME AND THE APOCALYPSE 8 p.m. on
FXM Snow White and the Huntsman (2012). Kristen Stewart, Charlize Theron. Man sent to The Book Thief (2013). Geoffrey Rush, Emily Watson. Death narrates tale of German girl. Nazi era baked in a
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FYI Food Tech “Pancakes & Bacon.” Kocktails With Khloé Kocktails With Khloé Kocktails With Khloé “Cheers.” Food Porn (CC) Food Porn (CC) Kocktails-Khloé
riots, and Gaia Scodellaro and Rob Lowe
GOLF Golf Central P.G.A. Tour Golf Waste Management Phoenix Open, first round. P.G.A. Tour Golf
investigate the Second Coming.
GSN Family Feud Family Feud Idiotest (CC) Idiotest (CC) Family Feud Family Feud Family Feud Family Feud Family Feud Family Feud Chain Reaction
HALL Last-Standing Last-Standing Dater’s Handbook (2016, TVF). Kristoffer Polaha, Meghan Markle. (CC) The Middle (PG) The Middle (PG) Golden Girls Golden Girls Golden Girls ALASKA PROOF 9 p.m. on Animal Planet. The
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LIFE Project Runway: Junior “Make a Project Runway: Junior “Finale, Project Runway: Junior “Finale, Part 2.” The winner Child Genius: Battle of the Bright- Terra’s Little Project Runway:
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7:00 7:30 8:00 8:30 9:00 9:30 10:00 10:30 11:00 11:30 12:00
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MSG N.H.L. Minnesota Wild vs. New York Rangers. Hockey Night Live The AV Squad Rangers in 60 Hockey Night
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OWN 20/20 on OWN (CC) (14) 20/20 on ID “Femme Fatale.” (CC) 20/20 on OWN “In a Flash.” (CC) 20/20 on OWN (CC) (14) 20/20 on ID “Femme Fatale.” (CC) 20/20 on OWN Galifianakis)
OXY > Sex and the City (CC) (7:15) > Sex-City > Sex-City > Sex-City > Sex-City Rumor Has It. (2005). Jennifer Aniston, Kevin Costner. (PG-13) (CC) (9:50) Rumor Has It.
SCIENCE How It’s Made How It’s Made How It’s Made How It’s Made How-Made How-Made Machines Machines How It’s Made How It’s Made How-Made
PORTLANDIA 10 p.m. on IFC. Fred moves to
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ALEC M. PRIESTER
SNY College Basketball William & Mary vs. Northeastern. (CC) Amazin Finish Amazin Finish Mets Hot Stove SportsNite SportsNite SportsNite SportsNite
SPIKE I, Robot (2004). Will Smith, Bridget Moynahan. (PG-13) (6:30) Lip Sync Battle Lip Sync Battle Lip Sync Battle Lip Sync Battle (PG) (10:32) Lip Sync Battle Bar Rescue (PG)
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SUN > Law & Order “Attorney Client.” > Law & Order “Oxymoron.” Deals > Law & Order “Patriot.” A man re- > Law & Order “Second Opinion.” > Law & Order “Coma.” Removing > Law & Order
(CC) (14) complicate an investigation. sorts to vigilantism. (CC) (14) Cancer treatment causes toxic fumes. bullet may kill patient. (CC) (PG) “Blue Bamboo.”
SYFY . The Devil’s Advocate (1997). Keanu Reeves, Al Pacino. Slick young lawyer at firm run by Satan. Unex- The Magicians “Unauthorized The Haunting in Connecticut 2: Ghosts of Georgia ONLINE: TELEVISION LISTINGS
pectedly seductive. (R) (CC) (6:50) Magic.” (CC) (9:50) (2013). Abigail Spencer, Chad Michael Murray. (R) (CC)
Television highlights for a full week, recent
TBS > Seinfeld “The > Seinfeld “The 2 Broke Girls 2 Broke Girls > The Big Bang > The Big Bang 2 Broke Girls 2 Broke Girls Conan Alden Ehrenreich; Andrew 2 Broke Girls
Foundation.” Soul Mate.” (CC) (14) (CC) (14) Theory (14) Theory (14) (CC) (14) (CC) (14) Bird. (N) (CC) (14) (CC) (14) reviews by The Times’s critics and complete
TCM . East of Eden (1955). James Dean, . Cool Hand Luke (1967). Paul Newman, George Kennedy. Chain-gang The Dirty Dozen (1967). Lee Marvin, Ernest Borgnine. Sadistic, anti-Nazi slaughter mis- local television listings.
Raymond Massey. (PG) (CC) (6) convict. Brutal and memorable. (GP) (CC) sion. Entertaining as a blowtorch. (CC) (10:15) nytimes.com/tv
P r e s s R e a d e r. c o m

TLC My 600-Lb. Life “James’ Story.” My 600-Lb. Life: Supersized (N) Extreme Weight Loss “Michael.” A 493-pound-man tries to lose weight. Skin Tight “Brian and Tanya.” (N) My 600-Lb. Life
TNT N.B.A. New York Knicks vs. Detroit Pistons. (CC) N.B.A. Los Angeles Lakers vs. New Orleans Pelicans. (CC) Inside the N.B.A.
(CC) Definitions of symbols used in the program listings:
TRAV Mysteries at the Museum (CC) Mysteries at the Museum (CC) Mysteries at the Monument (N) Mysteries at the Monument (CC) Mysteries at the Monument (CC) My.- Monument ★ Recommended film (N) New show or episode
TRU Imp. Jokers Imp. Jokers Imp. Jokers Imp. Jokers Imp. Jokers Imp. Jokers Impractical Imp. Jokers Almost Genius Almost Genius Imp. Jokers ☆ Recommended series (CC) Closed-captioned
 New or noteworthy program (HD) High definition
TVLAND Andy Griffith Andy Griffith > Everybody Loves Raymond > Raymond > Raymond > Raymond > Raymond King of Queens King of Queens King of Queens
Ratings:
USA > Law & Order: SVU “Avatar.” A vid- W.W.E. SmackDown! Roman Reigns vs. Rusev. (CC) Colony “Blind Spot.” Will gains re- The Magicians “The Source of The Magicians (Y)All children (PG) Parental guidance suggested
eo-game player goes missing. (14) spect. (N) (CC) (14) Magic.” (CC) (11:01) (CC) (14) (12:01) (Y7) Directed to older children (14) Parents strongly cautioned
VH1 The Dilemma (2011). (PG-13) (6) Couples Retreat (2009). Midwestern couples descend on island resort. Comedy of exhaustion. She’s Out of My League (2010). Jay Baruchel, Alice Eve. (R) (10:41) (G) General audience (MA) Mature audience only
WE Tamar & Vince “You Was Flat, Tamar & Vince “Dying to Dance.” Tamar & Vince “A Rib to Spare.” Growing Up Hip Hop “Master Tamar & Vince “A Rib to Spare.” Growing Up Hip
Dawg.” (14) Tamar worries her voice will give out. (N) (14) Player.” (N) (PG) (14) Hop (PG) The TV ratings are assigned by the producers or network.
Ratings for theatrical films are provided by the Motion Picture
YES English Premier League Soccer Sunderland AFC vs Manchester City FC. CityLife (CC) Inside City Yanks Mag. SportsMoney Best of The Michael Kay Show Yankeeography Association of America.
 C8 N
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4 NOTED
Putting celebrities out front.
BY KATHERINE ROSMAN
3 BROWSING
Make them all think that
you’re going to fashion week.
FASHION BEAUTY NIGHTLIFE
CRITIC’S NOTEBOOK
Indie Labels Rule
The small brands have the energy in the first days of men’s fashion week in New York.
By GUY TREBAY
How about one of these days some fashion
maverick makes a radically ironic move —
sends out, say, a Lawrence Welk collection
shown on models sporting toupees?
Welk, for the benefit of . . . well, practi-
cally anyone not in assisted living . . . was
the son of dirt-poor North Dakotan German
immigrant farmers who earned enduring
Prematurely Mature
By MAX BERLINGER
On two magazine covers that the singer
Zayn Malik has graced in the last few
months — for Billboard and L’Uomo Vogue
(as well as the racy video with his girlfriend,
Gigi Hadid) — he looks every bit the young,
brooding pop star. The requisite smoldering
stare, perfectly manicured stubble and bad
boy tattoos are all in tow.
And then there’s the hair.
Mr. Malik, 23, a former member of the
fame on a television variety show that ran
unendingly in the 20th century.
One longtime sponsor of the show was
Geritol, a dietary supplement advertised as
a remedy for “iron-poor tired blood.” Is it
premature to suggest the sophomore sea-
son of New York Fashion Week: Men’s
could use a dose?
Based on the first several days of shows
ACC E L E RATING A
SILV E R FOX LOOK.
DANNY GHITIS FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
musical group One Direction, peers out in
both images from beneath a silver mane.
This isn’t a case of a young man going pre-
maturely gray, but a premeditated decision
by the performer, who has a penchant for
dyeing his hair and then broadcasting it to
his 6.5 million Instagram followers.
Gus Kenworthy, the Olympic freestyle
skier who came out as gay last year on the
cover of ESPN magazine, debuted an ashen
dye job in December on Instagram, thank-
CONTINUED ON PAGE D7
and presentations, there is no question West 14th Street was a runway
things need some pepping up. Expectations for the Public School show at
were understandably high for the re- Milk Studios, in front of fans
instatement of New York on a roster of in- tipped off on social media.
ternational men’s wear shows; and given
the place-holder quality of the recent Euro-
pean shows, the field seemed wide-open for
some brash innovator to make a mark.
To be sure, there have been some cred-
A Marriage Built on Love,
Trust and Start-Ups
By BEN WIDDICOMBE
“A girlfriend likes to joke that my look is ‘ag-
gressively natural,’” said Chelsa Crowley, a
founder and the chief creative officer of
JOU RNEY TO Stowaway, an online cosmetics company
AC HIEV E THE that started last February. “It’s natural, but
bumped up a notch.”
The question was about her makeup
style, but her answer was a pretty good de-
scription of Ms. Crowley herself: direct,
“I really love it,” said
Michael Vasquez, 30, of
his artificial gunmetal
hue. “I feel sexier.”
Dennis Crowley, a founder of Foursquare, and his wife, Chelsa Crowley, a founder of Stowaway.
7 FRESH PERSPECTIVE
A neophyte’s view of Paris
couture. BY MARY BILLARD
2 DISRUPTIONS
Los Angeles glamorizes
co-working. BY NICK BILTON
THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 4, 2016 D1
N
DREW ANTHONY SMITH FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
itable efforts, particularly from obscure in-
dies like, say, Mike Rubin — the designer for
the novice Krammer & Stoudt label, which
came out of nowhere for Monday’s New
York Men’s Day with a witty collection
mashing up inspirations that ranged from
the German neo-expressionist artist and
dandy Markus Lüpertz to Mr. Rubin’s surf-
CONTINUED ON PAGE D5
driven and just a little competitive.
She shares a fourth-floor East Village
walk-up apartment with her husband, Den-
nis Crowley, the executive chairman and co-
founder of Foursquare, and their two highly
social cats, Milky and Sooty.
On a recent chilly Monday, the couple was
snuggled at home on the couch: Ms. Crow-
ley, 34, dressed casually in Bloomingdale’s-
brand jeans and a Zara cap-sleeve sweater;
CONTINUED ON PAGE D6
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P r e s s R e a d e r. c o m
WINNIE AU FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
D2 N THE NEW YORK TIMES, THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 4, 2016
Last October, NeueHouse opened a co-working space in the 1938 CBS Radio Building on Sunset Boulevard in Hollywood.
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The New, Hip Co-Working Spaces
ONE-OF-A-KIND PIECE where we
TECHNOLOGY HAS UPENDED
work. The line between work and play has
been blurred, and the difference between
the office and home has all but disappeared.
As a result, there’s a new class of white-
collar workers (or no collar, to be precise)
J. MENDEL 787 MADISON AVENUE BERGDORF GOODMAN JMENDEL.COM
who roam the earth looking for places to get
their jobs done.
Some of them work from home, curled up
on the couch or in a home office — maybe
with a drone hovering nearby. Others camp
out at expensive cafes, refilling their mugs
of fancy coffee throughout the day. (Yes, I’m
referring to myself.)
But increasingly, these untethered
SALE employees are gathering in a new kind of of-
fice known as the co-working space.
UP TO Surely, you’ve heard of these places. But
their numbers have multiplied across the
60% OFF country in the last few years, filling a niche
for those who need more than a cafe, but
less than an office.
They now come in a wide range of op-
tions. Some are fancy; some are not. Some
require memberships; some do not. Some
target technology workers; others are for
writers or small businesses. And in the Los
Angeles area, there seems to be a co-work-
ing option for every neighborhood and ev-
ery profession.
West Hollywood has WeWork, the start-
up that is now in almost two dozen cities
worldwide (it’s also estimated to be worth
$10 billion, though many believe it’s drasti-
cally overvalued). Memberships are $45 to
$450 a month, and the diverse clientele in-
cludes accountants and tech entrepreneurs.
Beverly Hills has the Soho House, a pri-
vate club that courts the Hollywood crowd
(and can sometimes be a bit of a scene).
Membership has to be approved by a com-
mittee and costs $1,800 a year.
Santa Monica has Coloft, at $35 to $395 a
month, and is popular with tech workers. It
offers search engine optimization and pro-
gramming classes, and tries to sound hip by
turning its name into a verb (for example,
“We were colofting last night”).
These have been joined by even newer
and hipper co-working spaces, including
R.V.C.C., which stands for the Reserve Vault
An Image Maker Fixated on Youth
Age 29
Hometown Santa Cruz, Calif.
Now Lives Recently moved to a midcentury
modern home in the Hollywood Hills sec-
tion of Los Angeles designed by the Case
Study Houses architect Kemper Nomland
and his son.
Claim to Fame Luke Gilford is a photogra-
pher and filmmaker who honed his plasti-
cized vision of popular culture after study-
ing under Barbara Kruger as an art student
at the University of California, Los Angeles.
His photographs, which often appear in V
and GQ Style, explore society’s fixations
with youth and our “existential obsession
with rehabilitation, wellness and health,” he
said. His fascination with what he calls the
“the polarities of California culture” is also
evident in imagery he has created for the
rapper Brooke Candy and Yacht, a disco-
pop outfit from Portland, Ore.
Big Break Despite his having documented a
Miss America pageant and the transgender
model Hari Nef, the project that propelled
Mr. Gilford’s career on its space-age trajec-
tory is “The Future of Flesh,” a 90-second-
long clip featuring Prada-clad models, a
voice-over from Jane Fonda that suggests
the sci-fi implications of going under the
knife, and an original score by Jake Shears.
The short has been viewed over 44,000
times on Vimeo and was named one of the
“Top 10 Fashion Films of the Season” of
2013 by Business of Fashion. “I’m really
interested in this slippery slope between
what’s shallow and what’s deep,” he said.
Latest Project He recently released the
DISRUPTIONS NICK BILTON
City Club. This club occupies the old Federal
Reserve Bank in downtown Los Angeles,
costs $88 a month, offers free coffee and
feels more like a speakeasy than an office
space. (Sticking with that secret feel,
R.V.C.C. proudly doesn’t have a social media
presence or a website.)
And the newest is NeueHouse, a beauti-
fully designed co-working space in Holly-
wood, in the 1938 CBS Radio Building on
Sunset Boulevard. Opened last October,
NeueHouse, which has branches in New
York and London, puts a huge emphasis on
cultural events, including Q. and A. sessions
with musicians, writers and entrepreneurs.
Memberships are $200 and $1,250 per
Environments fill a
niche for those who
need more than a cafe,
but less than an office.
month, depending on space.
Before you rush out to join a co-working
space, there are pros and cons to consider.
Some believe working away from a tradi-
tional office improves productivity. A study
published last year in The Quarterly Jour-
nal of Economics examined Ctrip, a 16,000-
employee Chinese travel agency, where
call-center employees were randomly as-
signed to work in either the office or home.
Those who worked from home were 13 per-
cent more productive, the report found.
When Ctrip gave all its workers the option
to work from home, productivity grew even
further, to 22 percent.
Another study published last year in the
journal Sleep Health, found that people who
had flexible work schedules slept better
than those who had to report to the office at
specific times.
But there are studies that raise doubts
about working remotely. “How Effective Is
Telecommuting?,” published last year in
the journal Psychological Science in the
UP NEXT
LUKE GILFORD
Luke Gilford says he is fascinated with what he calls the “the polarities of California culture.”
trailer for “Connected,” a 10-minute film
starring Pamela Anderson as “a woman
grappling with aging, self-perception and
transformation in a technologically op-
timized world.” It also features Dree He-
mingway and narration by Ms. Fonda.
“Pamela is the sex symbol of my genera-
tion in the tradition of Marilyn Monroe and
Brigitte Bardot,” Mr. Gilford said. “Their
allure rests mainly on the surface, and that
leaves me to wonder what lies beneath.”
Next Thing He would like to expand “Con-
nected” into a full-length film or possibly
into a television series “to continue explor-
ing the themes of psychology, femininity
and beauty,” he said. He just wrapped up
ELIZABETH LIPPMAN FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
Public Interest, found that working from
home can make people feel sad. The report
says that this is likely because of the social
and professional isolation experienced
from being home alone for too long.
This is where co-working spaces seem to
fit in.
NeueHouse, for example, has two restau-
rants, a coffee shop and meeting rooms.
There are also rows of desks equipped with
headphones for those who want to work
alone, and open offices for those who want
to work in a collaborative setting.
When I spent some time at NeueHouse
last week, I saw waiters rushing to and fro
with coffees and pastries, dropping them off
at members’ desks or offices. It looked like a
hotel with room service but no beds. The
space seemed open and simple, as in, there
wasn’t a lot of fuss (unlike some other
spaces I’ve tried out). Though I could see
the $7 parking fee at NeueHouse easily add-
ing up.
“Given the changes in the economy, and
the changes in the attitude around work, we
felt like it was the ideal time to pull out a
blank piece of paper and rethink what the
ideal work space would be for people,” said
Joshua Abram, a founder and chief execu-
tive of NeueHouse. Mr. Abram added that
he sees NeueHouse as not only a place for
people to work, but also a place to network
and interact with other creative minds.
If NeueHouse is about connecting people,
then R.V.C.C. is the opposite. The founder,
Chris Adams, said that “we now live in a
world of overconnections,” and he wanted
to create a “sanctuary-like space” that al-
lowed people to work in solitude.
“These days, our culture is changing so
much,” Mr. Adams said. “There are no regu-
lar work hours anymore, or socializing
hours, so we wanted to set a platform for
whatever you want to do. So if you’re work-
ing late at night, and no cafes are open, you
can come here and get a cup of coffee or an
old-fashioned, and just work.”
After trying out of dozens of spaces in
New York, San Francisco and Los Angeles, I
realized I want to join them all. Which, like
wanting to date more than one person, can
become very expensive.
EMILY BERL FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
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filming a music video for the New York
R&B duo Lion Babe, and is collaborating
with the mysterious British electronic
musician Sophie on custom plastic surgery
prosthetics that will “completely transform
his appearance,” he said.
P r e s s R e a d e r. c o m
Lone Ranger Like his work, Mr. Gilford has
a unique fashion sensibility. He is often
seen around town in a cowboy hat (a hand-
me-down from his father, a former rodeo
judge), paired with athletic shoulder pads
over his bare torso, or a sweatshirt with an
exposed back. “I love seeing people do a
double take,” he said. “They never seem to
know what to think.”
ALEX HAWGOOD

MELODIE JENG/GETTY IMAGES
Look-at-Me
Earrings
Trust us that you will see statement
earrings galore in fashion week
photo roundups. Worn with your basics,
any of these danglers would be worthy of
a front row ticket. (See, please, the Miu
Miu dazzler in the street look at top.)
They will also look smart with a slip dress
and fur for evening.
Above, EK Thongprasert silver-plated
earrings with enamel and Swarovski
crystals, $140 at luisaviaroma.com. Below,
Prada sequin ball earrings, $510 at Prada,
prada.com.
For Some, Soup Is the New Juice
Fans of cleansing are opting
for bottled combinations that
look more like a meal.
By RACHEL FELDER
For the last few weeks, Vivienne Zhao, an
investment banker who lives and works in
Manhattan, has spent each Monday on a
cleanse, consuming over the course of the
day five liquid-based meals delivered in sin-
gle-serve plastic containers.
Among those typically included on the
menu: pinto and black beans cooked with
tomatoes and morsels of spinach and bok
choy; garlicky carrots mixed with onions
and alkaline water; and puréed pumpkin
spiked with cardamom and Saigon cinna-
mon.
Like a growing number of people, Ms.
Zhao came to the routine — known as soup-
ing, or going on a soup cleanse — after find-
ing juice cleanses, which she tried several
times, too extreme.
“The juice cleanses are difficult because
you don’t chew, and you don’t feel like you’re
eating anything for days at a time,” she said.
“You’re just really hungry.”
Ms. Zhao orders from Splendid Spoon in
Williamsburg, Brooklyn, which offers veg-
an, gluten-free soups in single-day
cleanses, with the option of adding five
hearty soups as meal replacements over
the course of a week. Around three-quar-
ters of its clientele — predominantly wom-
en — choose the longer version, according
to Nicole Chaszar, the company founder.
Sales, she said, have tripled annually since
the line was introduced in 2013.
In January, Soupure, a company that
opened in Los Angeles in 2014, expanded
from local delivery to shipping its cleanses
nationally. It also operates a popular out-
post in Brentwood Town Center there. In
THE NEW YORK TIMES, THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 4, 2016
Browsing
Look as if
You’re Going
To Fashion Week
Pity the devoted showgoers of
New York Fashion Week.
They face winter’s challenge
just like you, only with street-
style cameras trained on their
every move. Luckily, they
know (and now you do, too)
that the secret to elevating a
winter look without sacrificing
sturdy boots — crazy heels
are out of the question — is to
focus on accessories and inject
a dose of color. Here, some
bright ideas that are fun even
if no one takes your picture.
Shades
Of Cool
For those times when a puffer and
snow boots are the only options, a
cool pair of sunglasses goes a long way.
Any of these sunnies will give you your
pop of color, and may even transport you
to a warmer, happier place.
From top: Fendi cat-eye sunglasses
embellished with bead “jewels,” $495 at
select Sunglass Hut stores, sunglasshut
.com; Le Specs squared aviators with
mirrored lenses, $79 at lespecs.com; Le
Specs cat-eyes with mirrored lenses, $69
at lespecs.com.
Philadelphia, Real Food Works, a meal de-
livery service, added a soup cleanse to its
menu in late 2013.
The appeal of souping, in part, is that it
promises an easier detox than a juice
cleanse.
“When you do juice cleanses, your blood
sugar can spike really high,” said Despina
Hyde, a registered dietitian at NYU Lan-
gone Medical Center. “Soup cleanses are in-
herently lower in sugar over all because
they’re using more vegetables and complex
carbohydrates versus fruit. They also tend
to be higher in fiber, which has so many
good benefits.”
Elina Fuhrman, who founded Soupelina
in Los Angeles in 2013, chimed in similarly:
“The juice cleansing trend started from a
good place and evolved into something
that’s not so healthy, because there’s a lot of
sugar and not enough nutrients that the
body needs.”
Soupelina offers soup cleanses of differ-
ent durations as well as single-serving
soups, and business has doubled in the last
12 months, Ms. Fuhrman said. The soups
are prepared mostly with produce from two
local farmers’ markets; the colorfully
named offerings include Kale-lifornia
Dreamin’, Lentil Me Entertain You!, and
And the Beet Goes On, a borschtlike crim-
son concoction.
For the most part, the soups that make up
these cleanses tend to be quite flavorful,
thanks in part to a liberal use of spices like
turmeric and cumin. They are often made
with seasonally grown ingredients. Pack-
aged without preservatives and delivered
chilled, they lack the higher sodium content
of, say, a can of chicken noodle from a super-
market. Some are drinkable cold, although
eating them warmed up, ideally out of a
bowl with a spoon, arguably underlines the
sense that they’re a meal.
Soupure includes hydrating, fruit-fla-
E RI CA M. BLUME NTHAL
Circle Bags,
In for Spring
Circle bags, it seems, are about to have
a moment. For spring, they showed up
on the runways at Chanel and Rachel
Comey, and at the popular accessories label
Mansur Gavriel, where the new shape ap-
peared in fresh Pop colors. Take the oppor-
tunity to push the season with a playful
design. A bag that evokes a beach tote, like
this one from the quirky Welcome Compan-
ions label, will offset all the heavy layers.
Above, from top: Mansur Gavriel leather
top-handle circle bag, $1,095 at Kirna Zabete,
kirnazabete.com; Welcome Companions
leather beach-ball cross-body bag, $510 at
welcomecompanions.com. Below, Rachel
Comey cross-body leather bag with hand-
felted collage artwork, $495 at Rachel Comey,
rachelcomey.com.
DANNY GHITIS FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
vored alkaline waters as part of its cleanses,
and a couple of drinks that are challenging
to describe as soup, like a thick, sweet blend
of strawberries and cashews that tastes
somewhat like a dairy-free milkshake.
“I would say that some of our cold prod-
N D3
MELODIE JENG/GETTY IMAGES
Scarf Chic:
Can’t Miss It
To add personality to your utilitarian
get-up without sacrificing warmth,
wrap up in an eye-catching scarf. For
bonus style points, wear one long and belt
it over a wool coat.
A Peace Treaty baby alpaca knit blanket
scarf, $398 at apeacetreaty.com.
P L A N TO CATC H
EYE S A N D
R ETA IN H E AT.
Vivienne Zhao of
Manhattan said the
soup cleanses she
favors are more
satisfying than juices.
ucts are cold soup smoothies,” said Angela
Blatteis, a Soupure founder. “We try to use
the word ‘soup’ for ‘juice’ to just get across
the point that it’s thicker, it’s more nourish-
ing and it’s more nutrient dense.”
Soup cleanses also tend to be quite low in
calories, often hovering around the 1,200
mark for a day’s worth of soup.
“That’s right at the borderline,” said Ms.
Hyde, the dietitian. “A lot of people I work
with need between 1,400 and 1,600 calories a
day. You’re going to lose weight on low-calo-
rie diets, of course, but it can lead to muscle
breakdown.” For that reason, she doesn’t
advise souping for more than one full day at
a time.
For those who prefer to make their soups
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from scratch, several books on soup cleans-
ing have recently been published, including
“The Soup Cleanse” by Ms. Blatteis and
Vivienne Vella of Soupure, and “Soupelina’s
Soup Cleanse” by Ms. Fuhrman. The
founder of Splendid Spoon plans one, too.
Especially for busy people, soup cleanses
P r e s s R e a d e r. c o m
offer, as juice-focused ones do, an undeni-
able benefit: convenience.
“My food pyramid was things you could
get off a coffee cart,” Jacqueline Harrison of
Manhattan said. Now she frequently re-
places a meal or snack with one of Splendid
Spoon’s soups during 14-hour workdays as
an owner of a landscape design and garden
installation business. “Bottled soups were
really appealing because I could just grab
them and go. It doesn’t feel like you’re on a
diet — it feels like a meal.”
D4 N THE NEW YORK TIMES, THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 4, 2016
Stylish Gym Clothes. No, Really.
At a pop-up shop and a tiny
new store, two definitions
of ‘athleisure.’
SWEATS ARE a uniquely amplifying item of
clothing. Nothing on earth makes an ath-
letic person look more athletic, and nothing
on earth makes a slovenly person look more
slovenly. Sweats facilitate movement al-
most as well as they promote inactivity.
They are not very useful for anything in be-
tween those poles, but they are ideal for
both.
This occurred to me when thinking about
the word “athleisure,” which has popped up
as marketing shorthand for a category of
clothing that has been roughly defined as
“street-appropriate gymwear.”
The term itself is unfledged; if you type it
into Google Trends, which tracks the popu-
larity of search terms over time, it scarcely
shows up until early 2014, with hockey stick
growth igniting midway through 2015 and
no signs of slowing as I type.
Two stores have opened downtown in
service of athleisure, both oriented toward
women. One is a completist’s version of
something we’ve seen before, and one is a
near-perfect version of something we
haven’t. Both offer luxuriant sweatpants.
“Technical apparel for recreation” is how
the brand Outdoor Voices describes its
clothing. Founded in 2013 by a now 27-year-
old woman named Tyler Haney, the brand
has a store in Austin, Tex., and a new pop-up
shop in SoHo.
Everything about Outdoor Voices strikes
a balance between cheekiness and assidu-
ity, right down to its name — a nice correc-
OUTDOOR VOICE S
199 L AFAYET TE ST R EET,
646-861-1023;
OUTDOORVOIC E S . CO M
tive to the term “indoor voices,” which is
how teachers have historically repri-
manded children who don’t know how to
govern the VOLUME of their SPEECH.
“We believe that fitness doesn’t have to
be defined by performance,” reads an intro-
duction on the company’s website, “and we
celebrate approaching activity with moder-
ation, humor, and delight.”
Delight is everywhere at Outdoor Voices,
from the store’s merrily implausible sound-
track (the Shangri-Las and the Ronettes) to
the Frank Stella palette of its colorblocked
workout leggings ($95) to its adorable mer-
chandising, with zines and sneakers sitting
atop foam geometric shapes and tables with
speckled surfaces in Ettore Sottsass colors.
I palpated a slinky hoodie in ultramarine
($85) while a saleswoman straightened the
racks nearby. “Holy smokes, this is soft,” I
said, addressing her. “What is this made out
of?”
“The label says it’s a poly and spandex
blend, but I don’t believe that,” she replied.
“I believe it’s made from clouds and magic.”
Me too.
I tried on a boxy tee ($65) and a crop top
($60), each in a space-dyed black-and-
Banking on the Currency of Celebrity Covers
Mainstream fashion
magazines default to new stars
and beloved standbys.
By KATHERINE ROSMAN
If you missed Taraji P. Henson on the cover
of the February issue of Elle, don’t despair.
You can sift through the stacks at the nail
salon and find her on the cover of Allure,
from last July. Or on the August cover of W.
Or Glamour (October). Or Essence (No-
vember).
Ms. Henson, the actress behind the saucy,
animal-print-loving, ex-con, mama-bear,
hip-hop manager and muse Cookie Lyon on
“Empire,” is not just the breakout star of the
hit Fox network soap opera but also the cur-
rent queen of the fashion magazine.
As even casual readers and newsstand
passers-by know, certain actresses, for a
few months or many, can become fashion-
magazine darlings. Over the years, there
has been Sarah Jessica Parker, Jennifer
Aniston, Gwyneth Paltrow, to name a few.
(And before actresses took over, models like
Cindy Crawford, Niki Taylor and Carol Alt
reigned.)
Another familiar face in 2015 was Reese
Witherspoon, with two covers of Glamour
alone. And she is starting 2016 strong, on the
February issue of Harper’s Bazaar.
Ms. Henson and Ms. Witherspoon repre-
sent what have become default options for
mainstream fashion magazines, whose cov-
ers were once opportunities to surprise, as
with Diana Vreeland’s 1959 Bazaar cover
showing a collage of gloves or Anna Win-
tour’s debut cover for Vogue in 1988, with
the belly-baring Israeli model Michaela
Bercu.
Now, readers can generally rely on seeing
one of two possibilities: the new star or the
beloved standby. The standby “becomes a
CRITICAL SHOPPER
PHOTOGRAPHS BY JENNIFER S. ALTMAN FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
white pattern that I would describe as
“digital Oreo” (yum). They were almost too
pretty to ruin with sweaty emissions. I
bought both.
The prices at Outdoor Voices are a little
mighty for athletic gear, but each piece is
reader’s best friend,” said Joanna Coles, edi-
tor in chief of Cosmopolitan (whose March
cover will feature Jessica Alba, seen last fall
on the covers of Self and Allure). Editors
hope that they will be able to revisit the
same celebrities as cover models as they
get married, have children, overcome
heartbreak or have career breakthroughs
like Ms. Witherspoon.
“Reese is a tremendous example of some-
one with star power evolving into a
producer,” Ms. Coles said. “Readers are in-
vested in relationships with these women,
and we want to see how they grow.”
(Cosmo’s best-selling cover of last year was
the one with Cameron Diaz, who used to
model and has also produced and written a
health guide for women, “The Body Book.”)
Magazines also want to claim freshly
minted celebrities, Ms. Coles said. “Taraji is
in an incredibly hot show, and everybody
wants a bit of that for their reader,” she said.
Even as the newsstand sales of maga-
zines continue to diminish as a significant
MOLLY YOUNG
NOTED
LEFT, DENNIS LEUPOLD/ESSENCE; SECOND FROM LEFT, MERT ALAS & MARCUS PIGGOTT FOR W; STYLED BY EDWARD ENNINFUL; RIGHT, STEVEN PAN
Taraji P. Henson is a familiar
face on the covers of fashion
magazines, which have
frequently defaulted to using
celebrities as cover models.
KITH WO ME N
64 BL E EC KE R STRE ET,
34 7- 8 8 9-6114 ; KITHNYC. COM
designed with a rigor that justifies the out-
lay: Labels are printed right onto the fab-
ric’s interior, so there are no itchy tags to
snip out, and most fabrics are mildly tex-
tured — heathered, marled — to mask per-
spiration. This is what tech intelligence plus
good design looks like. I can hear the imita-
tors firing up their laptops.
But Outdoor Voices has nothing to fear; it
has found its audience. I’ve never seen so
many beautiful, exquisitely composed
women in one space. I am hesitant to publi-
cize this fact because I’m worried that the
store will attract a gawking element but . . .
oh, well. It’s too conspicuous not to point
out.
After 20 minutes browsing, I felt the way I
do after two hours at the Met: entertained,
exhilarated and ready for a brownie.
Kith Women, meantime, has more-mod-
est ambitions. The tiny storefront on
Bleecker came to fruition after the founder
of its brother brand, Kith, noticed women
snatching up the smaller sizes of his men’s
wear line. The new store presents a de-
signed-for-women line of activewear by
Kith mixed in with pieces from Nike and
Adidas by Stella McCartney.
For such a small space (it has the dimen-
sions of a taco stand), Kith Women offers a
huge amount of stuff while still feeling min-
imalist. This feat is accomplished by way of
crafty design decisions: A window seat dou-
bles as a shoe try-on station; a dressing
room is hidden James Bond-style behind a
wall; there are white marble floors and
white fluorescent accents and mirrors on
both walls to reflect all that whiteness. The
snow outside is dirty, but the mirrors at Kith
Women are Windexed.
The clothing is unassuming, with an “up-
scale business hotel” color palette: black,
navy, pearl, oyster, heathered laurel and a
billion shades of gray.
It’s a conservative range of hues bor-
rowed from men’s wear and girlified with
smart little tweaks: A paneled workout top
by Kith ($145) has a scoop neck where you
might expect a crew neck; a sports bra from
Adidas by Stella McCartney ($70) comes in
foggy mauve; an Adidas Superstar shoe
($150) features a cap toe in glinting rose
gold.
There are at least 120 styles of shoe on dis-
play and a range of lifestyle accessories, like
Sachajuan shampoo ($26), vintage Polaroid
cameras ($130) and RGB nail polish in taste-
ful neutrals ($18).
The air is mildly scented by house-
branded candles with names like Den,
Lounge, Study, Loft, Studio and Foyer ($40
each). After making sure that the word
“loft” did not appear on the actual candle, I
bought Loft, which features “notes of
quince, blood orange, mango, frangipani,
Tuscan iris powder, milk, artemisia and
teakwood.”
You had me at “Tuscan iris powder,” can-
dle.
source of revenue, that part of the business
matters a lot, said Cyndi Stivers, a veteran
magazine editor who now consults for me-
dia brands, because newsstand sales are by
far more profitable than subscriptions. “It’s
critical to think who is going to give you a
bump if you possibly can get one,” she said,
and once editors “hit one that works, they
tend to go back to the well as much as possi-
ble until it’s dry.”
Many editors would love to take a risk on
an up-and-comer. But since print maga-
zines sit around for weeks, while the fashion
and celebrity websites that are competing
with them for views can quickly replace un-
derperforming content, the stakes are high.
“There is risk aversion, and it is under-
standable,” said Janice Min, the president
and chief creative officer of the Hollywood
Reporter-Billboard Media Group, whose
flagship publications are reliant on sub-
scriptions and digital consumers. “Winning
that game still is important, you want to
have someone relevant.”
Scouting
Report
.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Openings and Events
Did your invitations to
men’s New York Fashion
Week somehow get lost
in the mail? Following
its presentation at the New Museum,
FEIT, the Australian handmade
footwear label, will keep “Man vs.
Machine,” an immersive audiovisual
installation created for the event by
Benjamin Millepied, open to the
public from 2 to 8 p.m. on Thursday.
At 235 Bowery. . . . That same day,
look for PLATINUM JEWELS IN BLOOM on
Madison Avenue: Through
Valentine’s Day, 18 jewelry stores
from 57th to 86th Streets, including
Chopard, Ippolita and Pomellato, will
have windows featuring giftable
pieces, like an Ippolita gold and dia-
mond pendant necklace ($1,295),
inside flower arrangements. The
shops will make a combined donation
of $25,000 to the Central Park Conser-
vancy Playground Partners to help
maintain children’s spaces. . . . Then
chart a course just off Madison to the
new SAINT JAMES store, where the
purveyor of Breton stripe tops will
offer subtle updates on the classic
sailor’s look, like a T-shirt with sequin
embellishment on its yellow anchor
($135). At 41 East 78th Street. . . . The
jewelry website STONE & STRAND is
opening its first brick and mortar
shop, also on Thursday. The TriBeCa
loft space, decorated in jewel tone,
will showcase original art — first up
are prints by the fashion photogra-
pher Torkil Gudnason — alongside
bijoux like an Alison Lou “Love U”
emoticon ring ($1,320) with a red
enamel heart and the letter U embel-
lished with diamonds. At 185 Franklin
Street, Suite 6. . . . To celebrate Thurs-
day’s reopening of Gucci’s men’s and
women’s shops at BERGDORF GOODMAN
(filled with boho-luxe goodies like a
Dionysus GG Supreme snake-embroi-
dered shoulder bag, $3,980), the
creative director Alessandro Michele
designed temporary installations with
carpets in Gucci’s new ophidian her-
barium print, which were used in the
Milan fashion show. . . . On Friday
and Saturday, the MANHATTAN VINTAGE
CLOTHING SHOW returns to the Metro-
politan Pavilion, where a David Bowie
fashion exhibition will showcase
pieces from avant-garde Japanese
designers, like a Kansai Yamamoto
one arm/one leg knit piece that influ-
enced Ziggy Stardust-era stage cos-
tumes. At 125 West 18th Street.
.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hitting the Racks
Friday is the 63rd anniversary of the
theatrical release of “Peter Pan.”
Spread your wings with a pixie dust
tee ($99) or flutter-sleeve tank ($81)
from a TINKER BELL X NATION LTD col-
lection at Bloomingdale’s. . . . Or get a
lift with the ATHLETIC PROPULSION LAB
basketball sneaker, the Blade ($225),
available Wednesday, just in time for
the N.B.A. All-Star Game on Feb. 14.
At athleticpropulsionlabs.com.
ALISON S. COHN
.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Send shopping suggestions to
scouting@nytimes.com.
Ms. Min, who knows the highs and lows of
newsstand sales thanks to her former stew-
ardship of Us Weekly, added, “one bad sale
can have a big impact on your brand. I feel
for everyone who has to make these deci-
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sions.”
Fashion magazines are often hampered
by editors who are booking celebrities for
cover shoots sometimes six months before
the magazines are to appear on news-
stands. “With the long lead time, the gamble
the magazines are taking is on those who
P r e s s R e a d e r. c o m
have clean lives and won’t do anything
stupid,” said Steven Cohn, editor in chief of
the Media Industry Newsletter. “These are
safe and familiar faces.”
But though arguably less interesting for
readers, this imprimatur of popular accept-
ability remains an important career marker
for subjects, Ms. Coles said. “They get tired
of being in a slide show list of 20 other celeb-
rities who wore a red dress,” she said. “It’s a
very special moment for a star, especially a
young star. It’s something of a crowning.”

Indie Labels Lead the Men’s Shows
CONTINUED FROM PAGE D1
er boyhood in Orange County, Calif.
The results were a hybridized, distinctly
So-Cal take on “athleisure” wear, things like
a gray cotton-jersey suit whose jacket had
no lapels and whose trousers resembled
footie pajamas, though without the feet.
“You could put that on when you get out of
the water after surfing and wear it to lunch,”
Mr. Rubin said. Somebody book a table at
the Ivy.
Style tropes from Northwest skate-rat
culture were a point of departure for Derek
Buse and Jo Sadler of the Los Angeles-
based CWST, whose determinedly raggedy
collection of “hobo chic” sportswear had the
so-wrong-it’s-right look one associates with
the best Japanese men’s wear design. In Mr.
Sadler’s and Mr. Buse’s hands, clothes in im-
ported Italian and Japanese textiles were
outsize, dissonant (pinstripes over camou-
flage), layered and so offhand they seemed
ill-fitting.
A pair of wool high-water trousers in a
broad check, for instance, looked like what a
clown might wear if he were sentenced to
life in a penitentiary. A raddled knee-length
wool parka looked as though its wearer had
gotten drenched in a Seattle downpour and
then tumbled dry. These observations are
intended as compliments.
The young designer David Hart based his
latest collection of blanket-plaid jackets and
trousers, soft sweaterlike blazers, suede
jeans jackets and natty two-button suits on
a style he linked to John Coltrane or any of
the other jazzmen Francis Wolff pho-
tographed in the ’50s for Blue Note Records,
images immortalized by Reid Miles’s bril-
liant cover designs for that label.
Impressively resolved as the collection
was (especially for a comer who started his
label in 2013), it seemed perhaps unneces-
sarily safe, given it was meant as homage to
true creative radicals.
The closest any designer came to that no-
tional Lawrence Welk collection was proba-
bly Lucio Castro’s delightfully wacko as-
sortment of mock turtlenecks, culottes,
checkered shirts and chevron-quilted
puffer jackets in colors that ranged from
moss and tobacco to sickroom pink and acid
green.
The basis for the collection was a group of
photographs the designer came upon last
year of caravan hippies camping at Stone-
henge in the ’70s. And you cannot but ad-
mire the spirit of someone who claims to
find inspiration in the dusty, dirty, stained
and ill-fitting rags once worn by a group of
pagan druggies roaming the English coun-
tryside.
“It’s two flannels, a navy cavalier twill
jacket, white shirting from Italy, six looks
total: That’s it,” the Duckie Brown designer
Steven Cox said backstage before his show
on Tuesday.
True to his word, Mr. Cox gave a presenta-
tion that was fashion haiku. It takes a cer-
tain kind of brass to gather the most influen-
tial people in the industry into a loft and
present them with a collection comprising
just six looks.
Yet so subtly had Mr. Cox and his part-
ner Daniel Silver manipulated scale,
made minute alterations in the formula
that is a man’s suit (a puffer parka, stuff-
ing removed, was worn under a jacket
as a shirt) that their collection came
off as an airtight argument for short-
form fashion and self-editing.
If not for the cold dread that set-
tled over attendees at Joseph Ab-
boud’s purgatorial show on Mon-
day, there might have been some-
thing comical about the contrast
between it and the pared-down
Duckie Brown one that followed.
Making a welcome return to the
brand he founded in 1987 and left in
2005 — having lost the right to his
name — Mr. Abboud presented a col-
A Man of Ideas Has a New One: Open a Store
The former men’s fashion
director for Bloomingdale’s will
stock his own shelves.
THE GENTLEMAN in the vintage Japanese
noragi work shirt and unstructured pin-
striped suit, the one likely to be ringed with
Mongolian prayer beads, is attracting at-
tention, again.
Walk beside him on the way out of one of
the many fashion shows he attends and you
can expect to be blinded by camera flashes.
Though he is somewhat bashful about it, he
is a hero to many of those who follow men’s
wear. There is even a Pinterest board in his
honor: “Gods of Menswear 4: Josh
Peskowitz.”
Those looking to make themselves in
their god’s image will soon have a place to
do so. Mr. Peskowitz, 36, who has spent the
last several years as the men’s fashion di-
rector of Bloomingdale’s, is striking out on
his own.
In March, he and two partners —
Christophe Desmaison and Simon Golby, of
the fashion showroom CD Network — will
open their own men’s store, Magasin, in Cul-
ver City, Calif. So Mr. Peskowitz took in the
men’s wear shows in Europe in January and
in New York this week with a new goal: to
stock his shop without deference to any-
one’s opinion but his own.
“I’m putting myself on the line,” he said.
“This is me.”
Magasin will be part of Platform, a new
hub of shops, restaurants and offices a
stone’s throw from Beverly Hills. (“We’re
kind of allergic to the word ‘mall,’ ” said Jo-
seph Miller, one of its developers.) Though
Mr. Peskowitz is a native New Yorker —
born in Brooklyn, though raised in part in
Washington, D.C. — and a regular on “Most
Clockwise from top left, looks
from David Hart; Duckie
Brown; John Varvatos; CWST;
and Joseph Abboud. Below,
Michael Kors.
Stylish New Yorkers” lists, the opportunity
was too good to resist.
When it opens, Magasin (French for
“store,” and a near-cognate with “maga-
zine,” a confusion Mr. Peskowitz said he en-
joyed) will carry mostly small-bore Japa-
nese and Italian labels: Ts(s), Engineered
Garments and Camoshita from Japan and
Massimo Alba and Salvatore Piccolo from
THE NEW YORK TIMES, THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 4, 2016
lection of tailored suits so gratuitously de-
tailed (buttons marched up the sleeve of
one velvet jacket from cuff almost to shoul-
der) and seemingly overwrought that even
the efforts of the gifted stylist Bill Mullen
couldn’t salvage the situation. There is only
so much a person can do with a pheasant
feather brooch.
Guests included the actor Russell Tovey,
now starring on Broadway in “A View From
the Bridge”; the Bravo personality Andy
Cohen; and the New England Patriots wide
receiver Julian Edelman. Each made a
show of politely observing a procession of
time-warp suits seemingly little altered
from those Mr. Abboud designed in his ’80s
heyday.
And Mr. Edelman, in particular, knitted
his brows in rapt attention as models like
Will Chalker or Sean O’Pry strode past
wearing corduroy cargo pants or check-
ered suits with bellows vents, as si-
multaneously the eyes of certain other
front-row regulars rolled back in their
heads.
The past can be a treacherous place in
fashion, one of whose primary functions
is to conjure an intensified present. It is
one thing to make references to your
own collection of priceless oldies, as
does John Varvatos — a serious collector
of vinyl. Just make sure the needle does-
n’t get stuck.
The high-school debate team question
Mr. Varvatos posed with the title of his
show was “Rock Is Dead?” Like most moot
rhetorical devices, you can argue that one
any way you like. For argument’s sake,
FRONT ROW MAT THEW SCHNEIER
Italy, along with shoes by O’Keeffe and Feit.
More to the point, all the brands will be
styled and stocked together, rather than
cordoned off by individual label.
Mr. Peskowitz’s style is all about an un-
likely but considered mix — “things that are
tailored and things that are more vintage-
looking, things that are hippie-dippie-look-
ing and things that are more elegant,” he
ERIN BAIANO FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
FIRSTVIEW
though, let’s say that holding a show in a de-
signer shop that formerly housed the fabled
rock dive CBGB, and serving invited guests
s’mores as they wander through rooms
decked out like a suburban house of horrors
past models in cheetah print sweaters and
shearling coats does not inspire confidence
in the vitality of the genre.
For all that, it was one of Mr. Varvatos’s
better recent collections, one that included
slick shawl-collared sharkskin suits one
could actually imagine certain rockers of an
earlier era having worn — not the Rolling
Stones or Led Zeppelin (both of which were
played at deafening volume inside a space
one wit referred to as “Men’s Scarehouse”),
but someone like James Chance, frontman
for the long-forgotten ‘80s funk-noise band
James White and the Blacks.
It often happens that the best ideas in a
designer’s latest collection were originally
someone else’s. File under: sincerest form
of flattery. “I call this the going-out-to-get-
milk look,” the designer Michael Kors said
early Wednesday morning as he walked
guests through a likable and commercially
bulletproof presentation. While you’re out,
why not pick up a few ideas?
The ribbed cashmere sweatpants Mr.
Kors showed can be persuasively traced to
any number of similar styles produced by
Italian designers and shown recently at
Pitti Uomo in Florence; the fanny pack and
neck-hung mobile phone tote to Miuccia
Prada; the lightweight sweatshirt-like
jacket to a collection of down-filled coats
sold as “shirts” by Comme des Garçons
about a decade ago. Fashion, let’s face it, is
NINA WESTERVELT FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
Josh Peskowitz is moving to
California to open Magasin, a
men’s wear store in Culver City.
He will sell “clothes for
grown-up weirdos,” he said.
N D5
SMA L L E R, NI M-
BL E R L I NE S
OUTMA NE UV E R
TH E BI G BOY S.
NINA WESTERVELT FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
CASEY KELBAUGH FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
ABOVE AND BELOW, STEFANIA CURTO FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
no pure sphere.
It sometimes also happens that the best
ideas in a fashion show have precious little
to do with design. That was the case at the
shrewdly inventive show mounted Tuesday
by Public School.
There was plenty to praise about a col-
lection that built on the genuine cool the de-
signers Maxwell Osborne and Dao-Yi Chow
personally project with little apparent ef-
fort. The quilted nylon trousers, asymmetri-
cally zippered navy blazers, textured wool
pants, denim tunics and flat crown gun-
slinger Stetsons all riffed on the singular
formula Public School devised for a new it-
eration of urban uniform.
More compelling than the clothes,
though, was the presentation, which took
place at the ground floor of Milk Studios in
the meatpacking district. The space itself
had been bisected by curtains into dual
zones. One was for the press and retailers.
The other included a window-walled back-
stage area left visible to the street.
Starting in the early morning hours, Pub-
lic School followers tipped off on social me-
dia had lined up on behind barricades to se-
cure good viewing spots. Thus when the
time came for the show to begin, models like
Robert Sipos, Adonis Bosso and Fernando
Cabral strode straight out onto West 14th
Street along an improvised sidewalk run-
way.
Inverting the customary hierarchies of
fashion, the designers kept the fashion
insiders waiting while the kids on the street
and the 150,000 others on Public School’s In-
stagram feed saw everything first.
said — bred of magpie experience.
Before Bloomingdale’s, Mr. Peskowitz
tried his hand at e-commerce with Gilt
Groupe; before that, as a fashion editor at
magazines as unalike as The Fader, Vibe
and Esquire. (Disclosure: Mr. Peskowitz
and I worked together at Men.Style.com, a
website owned by Condé Nast that has
since been shuttered.)
“There’s a reason he’s so popular among
street-style photographers,” said Will
Welch, the newly named editor of GQ Style,
who has known Mr. Peskowitz since they
began their careers at The Fader more than
a decade ago. “He really tries new ideas,
both in the various jobs he’s had and on his
actual person, the way he gets dressed.”
Mr. Peskowitz offered his own distillation
of his new idea: “It’s clothes for grown-up
weirdos,” he said of the vision for the store.
“Or grown-up clothes for weirdos?”
Weirdo style tends to proliferate in the
pages of magazines, where stylists (like Mr.
Peskowitz was) can focus on creating a look
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or a mood in a photograph, free from com-
mercial constraints or the constrictions of
reality.
Translating those visions into actual
sales is the job of retailers, and one reason
the most esoteric pieces seen on fashion-
week runways and magazine photo shoots
P r e s s R e a d e r. c o m
often don’t find their way to store shelves.
Grown-up ones do.
Mr. Peskowitz has been on both sides of
this divide. He believes that men still need
to wear tailored jackets (even in perma-cas-
ual Los Angeles) but also that they are
brave enough to venture beyond the black-
and-navy palette that stores often stock.
“There’s room to expand the horizons,”
he said. “I’m not talking about going ‘Joseph
and the Technicolor Dreamcoat,’ although
we did buy a couple of those.”
D6 N THE NEW YORK TIMES, THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 4, 2016
Top, the Crowleys at home. At right, a photo from Dennis Crowley’s
Instagram account taken at a James Bond film premiere. Below, the
couple with Ara Katz (left), a tech entrepreneur, on the party circuit.
A Marriage Built on Love and Tech
CONTINUED FROM PAGE D1
Mr. Crowley, 39, in Gap jeans and a black T-
shirt, liberally sprinkled in cat hair. (His
hoodies had been banished, Ms. Crowley
said, because they had become too much of
a tech-founder cliché.)
The two entrepreneurs, who celebrated
their second wedding anniversary in Octo-
ber and are expecting their first child in
May, have a uniquely modern marriage. In
addition to their cozy home life and shared
passion for active sports, Ms. Crowley is a
client of her husband’s, using Foursquare’s
location-tracking technology to market her
company.
The Crowleys also cut a dash in New
York’s tech-social scene, where the most in-
fluential people in the room are more likely
to be wearing performance fleece than de-
signer suits.
Marcy Simon, an angel investor who be-
came friendly with Mr. Crowley a decade
ago and is an adviser to Stowaway, met Ms.
Crowley at the Surf Lodge in Montauk, N.Y.,
a hangout popular with entrepreneurs in
their circle. Back in town, the Crowleys’
tech set socializes in downtown places like
the Soho House in the meatpacking district
and Lure Fishbar in SoHo.
“We go out with start-up founders and en-
trepreneurs,” Ms. Simon said of their crowd.
“We go out and eat or grab a drink, and then
many of us go back to work, whether we
have our own start-ups, or we have to talk to
the West Coast or China.”
The Crowleys’ circle includes friends like
the entrepreneur brothers Noah and Jonah
Goodhart (founders of Right Media and
Moat), while encounters at Lure may in-
volve major figures like the Lerer Hippeau
venture capital partners Eric Hippeau and
Ken Lerer.
Geek mystique gets the Crowleys invited
to A-list parties, including the recent James
Bond premiere at the Ziegfeld Theater,
where they posted an Instagram photo of
themselves in black tie. Gossip-column
sightings have also placed the Crowleys at
events alongside new-media luminaries
like Arianna Huffington, the Yahoo chief ex-
ecutive Marissa Mayer and the Hollywood
star (and tech gadfly) Ashton Kutcher.
“They are one of the most dynamic and
interesting young couples and en-
trepreneurs that I know,” Ms. Simon said of
their appeal on the social circuit. “They both
make an impact on any room they’re in.”
On the domestic front, their household
CARLY ERICKSON/BFANYC.COM
conversations may revolve around mun-
dane topics like breakfast or the day’s
schedules, or can veer into entrepreneurial
jargon about geo-targeting customers or
C.P.M. (cost per mille, or thousand).
“We have a whole ad product that can
identify when people go into a Macy’s or a
Sephora, and you should put a Stowaway ad
in front of them,” Mr. Crowley recalled
telling his wife one morning, introducing
her to Foursquare’s Pinpoint service.
“I do my makeup in the bedroom, while
he’s laying in bed, reading,” Ms. Crowley
said.
Mr. Crowley shook his head. “I go through
my emails,” he said. “I’m working.”
“He’s reading his book,” Ms. Crowley
said.
“No, I’m not,” he said, and paused. “May-
be a little bit.”
Such affectionate bickering is familiar to
the couple’s shared group of friends.
“It’s almost like when teenagers really
like each other, they’re always trying to im-
press one another by one-upping each
other,” said Christian Bovine, a longstand-
ing friend who is the user-experience lead
at Omnigon, a digital consulting firm.
Bringing a dash of style
to a scene known more
for performance fleece.
“Whether it’s running a marathon or a
triathlon, or shooting bow and arrows — all
these weird things that they get into — they
do it together and they’re always pushing
each other.”
Ms. Crowley started in the beauty busi-
ness as a makeup artist with Clinique and
was most recently an editorial consultant
for the cosmetics firm Bobbi Brown. She
founded Stowaway with Julie Fredrickson,
who had been the digital brand manager at
Ann Taylor.
Selling directly to consumers through its
website, Stowaway is based on the idea of
“right sized” cosmetics: smaller products
that are easy to carry and won’t expire be-
fore the container is empty.
“My co-founder, Julie, and I were chatting
one morning over breakfast about frustra-
tions in the cosmetics world,” Ms. Crowley
said. “She was showing me her bag of tiny
little products that she was collecting from
every box-of-the-month club. And she was
WINNIE AU FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
asking me how to get her hands on these
products without having to subscribe to all
of these boxes.”
“I didn’t have an answer for her,” she said.
Stowaway’s Fulton Street offices have the
lean ambience of a tech start-up: contrac-
tor-white walls, sparsely decorated with
watercolors inspired by the hues of the com-
pany’s product line.
In the conference room, where a stocked
bar cart is the most noticeable accent, Ms.
Fredrickson said that most customers’ first
purchase is a $75 six-item kit that includes
petite-size lipstick, concealer, mascara, eye-
liner, blush and foundation. “We call it the
Little Black Dress of beauty,” she said.
Also popular is the lipstick (“smaller than
your pinkie finger” and “fits in your skinny
jeans”), which sold more than 100,000 units
over the holidays, Ms. Fredrickson said.
BACK IN THE East Village apartment on
East Eighth Street, Sooty and Milky were
trying to break out of the spare bedroom,
where they had been stashed during an in-
terview and photo shoot. Mr. and Ms. Crow-
ley relaxed with socked feet tucked under
themselves on the couch.
“We talk a lot online,” Mr. Crowley said of
the couple’s daily interactions. “The pillow
talk, so to speak, is more over instant mes-
senger.”
“In the evenings, we’re so tired we just
need to unwind, and not talking about work
is part of unwinding,” Ms. Crowley said. “A
lot of times, I’m not looking for an adviser in
him, I’m looking for a husband, and I just
need to vent to him. And he’s done this thing
where, a lot of times, whenever you freely
give advice, it’s caused arguments with us.
...”
“We’ve learned how to coexist,” Mr.
Crowley interjected diplomatically.
“And how we’ve coexisted is, he does this
really sweet thing,” she said, “which is, he’ll
ask me, ‘Do you want my advice, or do you
want me to just listen?’ Because, if I say, ‘I’d
love your advice,’ then I’ve asked for it, and
I can’t argue.”
Perhaps optimistically, she doesn’t fore-
see any such disputes about the separation
of roles when their baby comes.
“Clearly, our life is going to change,” she
said. “But, how we live our life now, clearly
all our responsibilities are shared, and ev-
erything with the baby will be shared.”
Her husband added, “I can’t imagine it’s
any harder than start-up stuff.”
ON THE RUNWAY
Designer Shuffle
Moves to Men’s Wear
Changes reach Brioni,
Berluti and Zegna.
By ELIZABETH PATON
Fashion is experiencing another
designer exodus.
On Monday morning, Kering’s
Italian men’s wear brand, Brioni,
and its creative director, Brendan
Mullane, released a statement
saying that they had reached “a
joint decision” not to renew their
working collaboration. Hours lat-
er, Berluti said that its chief de-
signer, Alessandro Sartori, was
leaving the LVMH-owned men’s
luxury label nine days after pre-
senting his latest fall collection at
Paris Fashion Week.
Speculation then turned to the
rival house Ermenegildo Zegna as
Mr. Sartori’s new posting after it
announced Wednesday that its
chief designer, Stefano Pilati, is
leaving after three years at the
helm.
“A domino effect has come into
play this week, and I feel very con-
fident that at least one will end up
moving to the former house of an-
other,” said Armando Branchini,
the vice chairman of the Italian
luxury lobby Fondazione Alt-
agamma, after the news broke.
Coming months after the de-
signer shake-up in women’s wear
at Balenciaga, Dior and Lanvin,
the sudden shift in the men’s wear
market underscores the indus-
try’s growing volatility when it
comes to creative direction. But
unlike the designer-auteur exits
that took place in women’s wear,
where the intensity of the work-
load was widely cited as a contrib-
uting factor, the reasons behind
the turmoil this week are less
clear. And, according to Mr. Bran-
chini, they are of less concern to
the industry.
“I don’t believe that these de-
signer moves will have any im-
pact on the market,” he said. “One
must remember that this is men’s
wear. The impact of creative direc-
tors in this sector is far more
limited than in women’s wear. If
anything, this trend just
reinforces that while creative di-
rectors are instrumental when
first changing a brand’s culture as
part of a revamp, once a vision is
established, the long-term devel-
opment falls to the C.E.O. and ex-
ecutive team.”
Certainly in the case of Berluti,
run by Antoine Arnault since 2011,
the departure of Mr. Sartori is not
linked to the quality of the compa-
ny’s recent performance.
Berluti generated less than 30
million euros ($32.6 million) in
revenue in 2011, when Mr. Sartori
first joined, and has added more
than €100 million ($109 million) to
that figure today, having ex-
panded its product offering,
bought a custom atelier and in-
creased its global store network to
46 boutiques, including big-ticket
flagships on Madison Avenue in
New York and Conduit Street in
London. Mr. Sartori, with his ele-
gant, finely detailed suits, experi-
mentations with color and intro-
duction of four-figure sneakers,
appeared to be trying to court a
younger crowd with more youth-
ful styles as the industry’s enthu-
siasm for the growth opportuni-
ties in luxury men’s wear rose.
“In five years with Alessandro,
VALERIO MEZZANOTTI FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
Clockwise from top left, Alessandro Sartori at the Berluti show, Stefano
Pilati after the Ermenegildo Zegna show, and the Berluti men’s wear show.
we have created a strong brand
while respecting the Berluti
DNA,” Mr. Arnault told The New
York Times after news broke that
his designer, whom he had hired in
2011 from the since-closed Z Zegna
line, was leaving.
“The house is playing an impor-
tant role in the men’s wear indus-
try, and we will continue in that di-
rection,” Mr. Arnault said.
A spokesman for Mr Porter, the
luxury men’s wear e-commerce
site and exclusive online dealer of
Berluti, confirmed Monday night
that the group saw the brand as
“successful for us.” He said the
same for Brioni, where Mr. Mul-
lane had also been forging a
younger, cooler aesthetic as part
of a renaissance at a traditional
luxury bastion since his appoint-
ment in 2012, the same year the
house was acquired by Kering.
“Brendan’s passion, vision and
charisma always emerged
through his work, and we are very
grateful for his dedicated commit-
ment to the company,” said Gian-
luca Flore, Brioni’s chief execu-
tive. He added that a new creative
director would be appointed in “in
due time,” and that the brand’s
spring 2017 collection in June
would be developed by an in-
house design team.
“I wish Brioni the future it de-
serves among the best luxury
The sudden shift in
men’s wear mirrors the
recent shake-up in
women’s wear.
brands,” said Mr. Mullane, for-
merly the head men’s wear de-
signer at Givenchy.
Times have been tougher, at
least publicly, at Zegna, which has
almost 500 stores worldwide and
lower average prices than Brioni
and Berluti. Hit by China’s eco-
nomic slowdown (the country
makes up a third of the brand’s to-
tal sales) and currency fluctua-
tions last year, the group said it
would reduce capital spending
while introducing new products at
both the top and bottom of its tar-
get market.
The collections of Mr. Pilati, the
former designer of Yves Saint
Laurent, who joined Zegna in 2012
as head of design, often received
critical acclaim. But with suits in
the couture collection starting at
$5,000, they have also been seen
as too expensive for the majority
of Zegna customers. Many say
that he wishes to return to his
roots in women’s wear.
But with the growing number of
high fashion houses that are forg-
ing ahead without star designers
at the helm, questions will arise
about the shifting boardroom-de-
sign studio dynamic and the long-
standing partnership model that
has underpinned the luxury busi-
ness.
“There have now been numer-
ous instances in this industry
where without a lead designer, the
shows have gone on regardless,”
Mr. Branchini said.
“And from a business perspec-
tive, sales and turnover have pro-
gressed in spite of a lack of a star
name. Increasingly, the role of a
single designer once a super-
brand is on cruise control is be-
coming less and less important.”
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P r e s s R e a d e r. c o m
VALERIO MEZZANOTTI FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
 THE NEW YORK TIMES, THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 4, 2016 N D7

Prematurely Mature
CONTINUED FROM PAGE D1
ing Anderson Cooper for the inspiration,
adding the hashtag #50shadesofgay.
They’re not alone.
Gone are the days when guys would ac-
tively avoid graying hair. For a new genera-
tion of adventurous men, dyeing one’s hair
gray is gaining traction, appropriating a na-
turally occurring phenomenon from older
men and giving it a millennial twist.
“Men are embracing color more in a gen-
eral way,” said Amie Rau, a stylist at
Matthew Morris Salon in Denver, who dyed
Mr. Kenworthy’s hair. “This is an extension
of that.”
Both Mr. Malik and Mr. Kenworthy de-
clined to be interviewed for this article.
Ms. Rau said that since their first session,
Mr. Kenworthy had brought in an image of a
young woman with dyed gray hair as inspi-
ration. “He kept asking me, ‘Is it crazy that I
want to do this?’ ”
After the ESPN cover, Mr. Kenworthy, 24,
went to Ms. Rau to go platinum blond. “I
said: ‘You know, you just came out to an en-
tire nation. You should do what you want to
do,”’ she recalled saying.
Gray and silver hair has definitely been
trending, said Aura Friedman, a senior hair
colorist at the Sally Hershberger Salon in
New York. “The demographic of guys who
come to me to go gray are doing it more as a
fashion statement,” she said, as opposed to
a more natural look.
Ms. Friedman said she has dyed the hair
of Phillip Picardi, the digital editorial direc-
tor of Teen Vogue, and Drew Elliott, the
chief creative officer for Paper magazine,
among others.
now I feel more fun and cooler,” Michael
Vasquez, 30, a senior business analyst, said The continued care of
of his artificial gunmetal hue, now several gray hair requires
months old. “I really love it. I feel sexier.” commitment. ‘It’s like
Admittedly, part of that is because of the
positive response he received from friends
owning a pet,’ the stylist
and on social media, getting 90 “likes” on Amie Rau says.
his Instagram account. “Of course, my mom
doesn’t like it,” Mr. Vasquez said with a
laugh.
Achieving the silver fox look is an in-
volved process. “In the industry, we call it a
bleach and tone or a double process,” Ms.
Friedman said, referring to a two-part pro-
cedure in which the hair is first stripped of
its natural pigment and then colored, an un-
dertaking that can last eight hours and is of-
ten costly.
While there is a range in prices depend-
ing on hair length and color, Ms. Friedman
estimated that going gray would start at
$350 at most salons. (She estimated a ses-
sion for her services would be $600.)
And that doesn’t take into account up-
keep. “It does require a lot of maintenance,
going back to the salon for touch-ups and
conditioning it at home with the right prod-
ucts in between appointments,” she said.
The continued care also requires commit-
ment, Ms. Rau said. “It’s like owning a pet,”
she said.
But because there are so many shades of
gray — from those with bluish undertones
to more natural variations — the color must
be versatile enough to compliment a variety
of skin tones.
“When you’ve got gray hair, every move
you make seems ‘young’ and ‘spry,’” Andy
Warhol said in his 1975 book “The Philoso- BILLBOARD

Interest definitely seems to be up. A rep-
resentative from Amazon said it had seen a
threefold increase in the last year in
customers searching for gray hair dye.
“It’s kind of an ironic statement, espe-
cially when the wearer is noticeably young
and probably years away from natural
graying,” said Michael Fisher, creative di-
rector of men's wear at Fashion Snoops, the
trend forecasting agency. “It’s just another
bold way to stand out from the crowd.”
Tyler Oakley, 26, the social media per-
sonality who parlayed his online cachet into
the documentary “Snervous” and book
“Binge” last year, has experimented with
his hair color, adopting many shades, from
purple to green.
“Gray is the favorite color I’ve ever had,”
he said. “It was unique and fun, but it’s not
eye-catching in the way that like lilac or
mint was. When I had those colors, I felt like
everyone was looking at me. With gray, I felt
like I was trying on a new look but it was
also relatively natural.”
phy of Andy Warhol (From A to B & Back
Again)” to explain his decision to dye his
hair gray in his early 20s, a look that be-
came his calling card. “It’s like you’re get-
ting a new talent.”
While there aren’t many precedents for
young men co-opting the hoary coifs of their
elders, trendsetting women like the fashion
blogger Tavi Gevinson, the pop star Grimes
and Tilda Swinton have all embraced a faux
gray.
“It has nothing to do with wanting to look
old,” said Mr. Fisher of Fashion Snoops. “We
are in the midst of a time when guys are
breaking their own boundaries and really
finding new ways to express themselves.
Having gray hair plays right into that.”
Like Warhol, men of the Instagram era
know that having a visual signature can be
beneficial. “It was never like part of some
play for my ‘brand,’” Mr. Oakley said. “But
as someone in a creative field, I thought,
‘Well, why can’t I do this?’”
Thanks to endorsements from style-
Above, Zayn Malik with gray
hair on the cover of Billboard
magazine. Above right, Gus
Kenworthy, the freestyle skier,
showing off his new look on
Instagram. Right, Tyler Oakley,
the YouTube personality,
experiments with his hair color.
gray is likely to hit a tipping point. “It’s
crazy how many men have contacted me,”
Ms. Rau said of the response to Mr. Kenwor-
thy’s gray unveiling on Instagram.
But Mr. Fisher isn’t so sure of its sustain-
ability. “It’s just a fad,” he said. “It’s just an-
other part of personal expression like
bleaching, mermaid hair and even man
buns.”
Mr. Oakley had another reason for think-
ing the trend may not last: the upkeep.
While he has thought about going gray ASTRID STAWIARZ/GETTY IMAGES FOR OUT100

Celebrities aren’t the only ones to take the savvy celebrities and the growing popular- again, nowadays, he said, “I’m too lazy for
plunge. “I’ve always been confident, but ity among the fashion cognoscenti, going all that.”

The View From the Back Row

By MARY BILLARD
PARIS — Photographers and film crews im-
mediately swarmed a car as it glided in front
of Place Vendôme on a Sunday night in late
January, jostling to capture the beauty who
safely in her seat.)
Tuesday
The Chanel clients dutifully surrendered
their iconic quilted bags to the X-ray convey-
or belt, while a larger utilitarian cross-body
Award nominee for “45 Years,” posed for the
cameras in front of Palais de Tokyo. Dressed
PLATINUM
JEWELS
in a white-zipped jacket and perfectly tai-
lored black pants, Ms. Rampling dutifully
stood and stared into the popping lights, a
photo op without questions about her con-

stepped out. Bystanders craned to get a
glimpse of a woman wearing a bright orange
dress, cunningly engineered with provoca-
tive cutouts and bound with matching thin
ropes, pulleys really, covering a few key bits.
The word filtered through to the back of the
hive that it was Rita Ora, the British pop star
and fashion-show mainstay, and, crucially,
someone clearly committed to working a
dress.
Ms. Ora was there for the Atelier Versace
show and the start of couture week in Paris,
which over the next four days would feature
25 shows on the official calendar, attracting
hundreds of journalists and retailers,
dozens of customers from markets as
far-flung as Russia and China, tight
bands of photographers cordoned off
on a platform at each of the shows to
record the elaborate, fantastical
gowns for posterity, and a handful of
celebrities to populate the front rows
and satisfy the paparazzi.
And me.
For once, thanks to the offer to at-
tend the shows as a neophyte and
write about the experience, I would be
able to witness the greatest spectacle
in fashion — not just on Twitter and In-
stagram, but in person.
Monday
Handsome young sentries, whose
purpose seemed to be purely aes-
thetic, lined the hall of the Musée Ro-
din, the site of the Dior show. This was
the first Dior show without the de-
signer Raf Simons, and there was cu-
riosity about the collection, of course,
and speculation whether any of the regular
Dior stars would show up. Paparazzi sur-
rounded one woman. Was it Jennifer
Lawrence? Charlize Theron? Natalie Port-
man? The sea parted: Olivia Palermo.
The show whizzed by — one revelation
was all the blood, sweat and tears involved
in creating a collection that whizzes by on
bag caused a slight commotion as the guards
scurried to find a bin large enough to accom-
modate it.
The atmosphere was decidedly familial.
The Chanel-clad guests warmly greeted one
another, some with plumb lips and tousled
wavy hair, others of the thin, pulled-together
Betsy Bloomingdale variety. One tall man
with an elaborately and elegantly tied scarf
told a friend: “I am good. At this age, I’ve
decided I will be good. What else can one
say?”
Inside the Grand Palais was a heart-stop-
MARCY SWINGLE FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
Outside the Chanel couture show
in Paris, where the looks can be
as eye-catching as those inside.
ping set that would elicit heartfelt bravos at patiently. “Tell him, it’s a big deal,” his com-
an opera, perfect for a “Madama Butterfly” rade said.
staged in Scandinavia. A large wooden
IN BLOOM
troversial statement on the Oscars boycott.
The actresses Juliette Binoche and Isa-
belle Huppert, as well as the Australian rap-
per Iggy Azalea, graced the front row. Hand-
some gray-haired men, immaculate in crisp
shirts, expensive watches and presumably
Armani suits, dotted the audience.
FEBRUARY 4 –13, 2016
Wednesday
The last show, and no danger of becoming
MADISON AVENUE
jaded. There was still the thrill of passing
through the gawkers outside, being ignored
by the photographers, flashing the invite
A FLOWER SHOW
and actually getting in. This was especially FEATURING THE WORLD’S
true at the Hôtel Salomon de Roth-
schild for the Valentino collection. It MOST FABULOUS JEWELRY
was surreal, climbing up the marble
staircase, ceilings painted with In support of the Playground Partners
cherubs, spying Grace Coddington,
of the Women’s Committee of
the newly minted creative director at Central Park Conservancy.
SPONSORED BY
large of Vogue, in her Vans.
It was surprisingly intimate. The
actress Marisa Berenson, the house
muse, warmly greeted the guests, em- Please visit the following boutiques
bracing a woman in a kimono who was on Madison Avenue between
smiling and mingling. A check of her
E 57th & E 86th Streets:
chair tag (she was to be seated next to ORGANIZED BY
Giancarlo Giammetti, the longtime ALEXIS BITTAR
business partner of the designer) and
a quick Google search identified her ASPREY
as Madame Setsuko Klossowska de MADISON AVENUE CH CAROLINA HERRERA
Rola, the widow of the artist Balthus.
She was there in support of her daugh- CHANEL FINE JEWELRY
ter, Harumi, who designed the jewelry IN SUPPORT OF
CHOPARD
for the collection.
Very impressive and all very chill. DAVID YURMAN
The only drama was confusion over
the seating in the back row. Most were DE GRISOGONO
nervous to be caught playing musical
FABERGÉ
chairs and potentially face a public humilia-
tion. Two men took the logical action and de- FRED LEIGHTON
cided to sit where there were empty seats.
The show was called for 6:30 p.m., and it was GRAFF
approaching 7. One looked at his watch, im-
HUEB FINE JEWELRY
IPPOLITA
Harp music cued the show’s start, and
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the runway in 10 or 15 minutes. But even a

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structure (later described as a dollhouse or models floated by in serpentine gold head-

rookie, sitting in the back row and having to
strain to get a clear look at the clothes, could
recognize the creative reinterpretations of
the legendary Bar jacket. The interim de-
signers appeared, the crowd politely ap-
plauded and quickly darted off.
That evening, as I headed off to Giambat-
minimalist country home), surrounded by a pieces, barefoot, across petals, in diapha-
LALIQUE
garden (real grass) with a painted rich blue nous, airy dresses, and coats with what
backdrop sky infused with sunlight. It was a looked to be antique velvet, yet, of course, PAUL MORELLI
memory of a landscape never seen. was not. POMELLATO
The tranquillity was broken by the en- The thousands of hours spent creating the
trance of a K-Pop megastar, G-Dragon, collection, the details and the vision, com- SIDNEY GARBER
sporting Chanel brooches and a furry bined with the ethereal impermanence of
P r e s s R e a d e r. c o m

tista Valli, I began to panic. A longer-than- STEPHEN RUSSELL

expected Métro ride (no car and driver for
me!) and then a wrong turn on the way to Le
Carreau du Temple had us blocks away at
the scheduled start time. No worries, my
show companion told me, the shows do not
begin on time, “Ever.” (Sure enough, we sat
inside for almost half an hour after arrival,
marveling at the stars we still could not iden-
tify and at a woman who arrived in a gown
with a long train, along with an assistant
who carried that train for her until she was
Chanel trapper hat, and he was owning the the shows, was mind-blowing. The urge to
look. G-Dragon, whose real name is Kwon Ji- document the experience prompted me to
yong, is no stranger to Chanel; he is a front- overshare during the week with my 111 Insta-
row regular. Editors giddily noted their surg- gram followers and 432 Facebook friends. For more information:
ing uptake in retweets and followers thanks The posts racked up likes and comments www.madisonavenuebid.org
to the G-Dragon effect. from nonfashionista friends enjoying the
Movie stars, at least ones covered in Us contact high. A last photo of the impossibly The Madison Avenue BID and Central Park Conservancy
Weekly magazine, were proving disappoint- stylish front-row beauties at Valentino was are 501 (C) (3) organizations. A copy of their latest
annual reports are available from the Office of the
ingly rare. Luckily, Giorgio Armani (at his captioned, “C’est Fini.” Attorney General, Department of Law, Charities Bureau,
Armani Privé collection) delivered that “Thank God,” one armchair spectator 120 Broadway, New York, NY 10271.
evening. Charlotte Rampling, an Academy posted. “I’m exhausted.”
 D8 N
THE NEW YORK TIMES, THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 4, 2016

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