Professional Documents
Culture Documents
(a) Name the three structures found in a plant cell that are not found in a neurone.
(3)
1 .....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
2 .....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
3 .....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
D
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A
E
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*P45628A0228*
(i) Complete the table by naming each part of the reflex arc.
One has been done for you.
(4)
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Part Name
B sensory neurone
3
*P45628A0328* Turn over
2 A student takes two strips from the epidermis of an onion and places one in distilled
water and the other in concentrated salt solution.
She then uses a camera to photograph a sample of these cells under a microscope.
(a) Suggest why a red onion is often used when carrying out this investigation.
(1)
(b) (i) The differences in the appearance of the plant cells are due to osmosis.
Explain what is meant by the term osmosis.
(2)
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*P44248A0428*
(ii) Explain why the cells in distilled water look different when compared to the
cells in salt solution.
(4)
(c) If red blood cells are placed in distilled water and examined under a microscope
no cells are seen.
Explain why no red blood cells would be seen.
(2)
5
*P44248A0528* Turn over
3 Galactosaemia is an inherited condition. It is caused by a mutation to a gene on
chromosome 9. This gene codes for an enzyme that removes the sugar galactose
from the body.
Key
unaffected male
1 2
unaffected female
12 13 14 15 16 17 18
(a) (i) How many individuals in the family pedigree have an X and a Y chromosome
in each of their body cells?
(1)
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(ii) How many individuals in the family pedigree are homozygous recessive?
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*P48219A0832*
(b) (i) What is meant by the term mutation?
(2)
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(ii) The mutation for galactosaemia is harmful but some mutations can be beneficial.
Describe one example of a beneficial mutation.
(1)
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(c) Some inherited conditions can be fatal but medical treatment is often available.
Explain what would happen to the frequency of alleles for these inherited
conditions if medical treatment was not available.
(3)
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*P48219A0932* Turn over
4 (a) A student reads the following statement.
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(b) The diagram shows sperm cells, viewed using a microscope, from two different men.
Use the information in the diagram to give two reasons why man A is more fertile
than man B.
(2)
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*P48219A01032*
(c) The graph shows how smoking may affect the movement of sperm.
50 –
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40–
30–
percentage of sperm
seen moving (%)
20–
10–
0–
–
–
smokers non-smokers
(i) The average (mean) sperm count in the semen from non-smokers is
55 million in 1 cm3.
Calculate the number of moving sperm in 1 cm3 of semen from the non-smokers.
(2)
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(ii) Use the information from the graph to explain why smoking could affect
male fertility.
(2)
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*P48219A01132* Turn over
5 Explain how the rate of transpiration is affected by changes in the environment.
(5)
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*P44248A01228*
6 Stomata are pores found mainly on the underside of leaves.
guard cells
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stomatal pore
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*P45628A01528* Turn over
(b) An experiment is carried out to examine the effect of the size of stomatal pores on
the rate of transpiration.
rate of transpiration in mg / m2 / s
Size of stomatal
pore in µm
still air moving air
0 0 0
4 22 38
8 46 140
12 48 165
16 50 210
20 50 248
16
*P45628A01628*
(i) Plot a graph to show the effect of stomatal pore size on transpiration rate in
still and moving air.
Use a ruler to join your points with straight lines.
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(6)
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(ii) Use the graph to compare the effect of increasing stomatal pore size on
transpiration rate in still and moving air.
(2)
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*P45628A01728* Turn over
(iii) Explain the effect that moving air has on transpiration rate.
(3)
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*P45628A01828*
7 The passage describes tissue culture in plants.
Complete the passage by writing a suitable word or words in each of the spaces.
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(10)
Plant scientists use the technique of micropropagation to produce large numbers of genetically
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... plants.
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This medium needs to contain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ......................................................................... , to provide the growing plants
for amino acids. The advantages of micropropagation include the ability to produce
19
*P45628A01928* Turn over
8 (a) An experiment was carried out to look at the effect of exercise on heart rate.
The experimental results were collected from a group of children, both boys and girls.
Henry 72 76 87
Laura 79 84 96
David 97 99 100
Michael 67 75 132
Claire 82 83 141
Rosanna 95 98 113
Rachel 82 87 136
Hattie 77 82 96
Alex 79 82 90
Rebecca 82 89 156
Siobhan 87 94 170
Mark 82 94 128
Thomas 98 76 172
Lougie 80 92 132
Average (mean) 89 93
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*P45628A02028*
(i) Calculate the average (mean) for the student data after exercise.
Show your working.
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(2)
(ii) Name the child with an anomalous result in the data for heart rate just before
exercise.
(1)
(iii) Suggest why the mean value of heart rate just before exercise is different to
the mean value at rest.
(2)
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*P45628A02128* Turn over
(b) Long distance runners and cyclists usually have a lower than average resting heart rate.
Suggest why a low heart rate has developed in these people.
22
*P45628A02228*
9 (a) The table shows features found in three groups of living organisms.
Complete the table using a tick ( ) to show that the group of living organisms
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Feature
Group
Cell wall Plasmid Cytoplasm Nucleus
bacteria
fungi
protoctists
(1)
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*P45628A02328* Turn over
10 The diagram shows the structure of the female reproductive organs.
P. . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............... ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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*P45628A02428*
(b) The graph shows changes in the hormones oestrogen and progesterone during a
woman’s menstrual cycle.
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15
hormone level 10
in blood in
arbitrary units
5 oestrogen
progesterone
0
days
(iii) Describe the changes that take place in structure R during the menstrual cycle.
(3)
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*P45628A02528* Turn over
(c) Some women only have sexual intercourse at certain times of their menstrual cycle
in order to avoid pregnancy.
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*P45628A02628*
11 The photograph shows the logs left behind after an area of forest has been cut down.
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(b) Some of the logs removed from the forest are used to make garden benches.
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© James F. Perry
28
*P48219A02832*
The garden bench is painted with a fungicide solution.
This prevents the wood being decomposed because fungicide kills fungi.
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DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA
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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA
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29
*P48219A02932*
12 The passage describes the study of organisms and their ecosystems.
Complete the passage by writing a suitable word in each of the spaces.
(8)
To study the number and distribution of plants in an area, a wooden or metal frame is used. This
The numbers in each frame are combined and then divided by the total number of frames.
This is done to calculate the . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................ for each area. By using several
26
*P44248A02628*
13 (a) Describe how the process of micropropagation (tissue culture) can be used to
produce plants with desirable characteristics.
(5)
27
*P44248A02728* Turn over