 real-time data warehousing,

 data mining,
 automated anomaly and exception detection,
 proactive alerting with automatic recipient determination,
 seamless follow-through workflow,
 automatic learning and refinement,
 geographic information systems (Appendix I)
 data visualization (Appendix II)

Business Intelligence assists in strategic and operational decision making. The strategic use of
Business Intelligence in the following order-

 Corporate performance management

 Optimizing customer relations, monitoring business activity, and traditional
decision support
 Packaged standalone BI applications for specific operations or strategies
 Management reporting of business intelligence
• Production reports: These are predefined reports based on industry-specific
requirements
• Parameterized reports. Users enter several parameters as in a pivot table to filter
data and isolate impacts of parameters. For instance, you might want to enter
region and time of day to understand how sales of a product vary by region and
time.
• Dashboards/scorecards: These are visual tools for presenting performance data
defined by users
• Ad hoc query/search/report creation: These allow users to create their own reports
based on queries and searches
• Drill down: This is the ability to move from a high-level summary to a more
detailed view
 • Forecasts, scenarios, models: These include the ability to perform linear
forecasting, what-if scenario analysis, and analyze data using standard statistical
tools.

There are two different strategies for adopting BI and BA capabilities for the organization: one-
stop integrated solutions versus multiple best-of-breed vendor solutions. The hardware firms
want to sell your firm integrated hardware/software solutions that tend to run only on their
hardware. It’s called “one stop shopping.” The software firms encourage firms to adopt the “best
of breed” software and that runs on any machine they want. In this strategy, you adopt the best
database and data warehouse solution, and select the best business intelligence and analytics
package from whatever vendor you believe is best.

2. (a)

A revenue model is the strategy of managing a company's revenue streams and the resources

required for each revenue stream. A business model is the structure comprised of all aspects of a

company, including revenue model and revenue streams, and describes how they all work

together

Freemium revenue model of e-commerce- An e-commerce revenue model is a plan for

generating revenue for an online business. While e-commerce revenue models share many

similarities with brick-and-mortar businesses, they also enable you to reach customers around the
globe and offer more diverse methods of generating sales. Selling products online can be a

profitable business. As e-commerce has developed, many options have emerged for creating

revenue online. An e-commerce revenue model is a plan for generating revenue for an online

business. While e-commerce revenue models share many similarities with brick-and-mortar

businesses, they also enable you to reach customers around the globe and offer more diverse

methods of generating sales. These models can be helpful in determining how to structure your

e-commerce business. For a service that's new to the market, offering a freemium version can be

a quick way to drive trial because of the low barrier to entry. ... In fact, if the right business

conditions are met, a freemium model can help drive faster recurring revenue and profit growth

than a paid-only model.

For example, A is a teacher of a university. For the corona pandemic students cannot access any

study materials, books. A provides free materials on the websites which varsity may authorized.

A could also set up an affiliate account and place a direct link to the book on the Amazon site,

which will pay A, percentage of the sale.

With the freemium revenue model, the most basic service level of a product is free for all, while

more sophisticated service levels require users to pay tiered subscription fees based on usage

levels.

This type of revenue model is popular among Web 2.0 service companies as a means of

simultaneously getting market penetration and building revenues. Some examples of successful

freemium companies include Flickr, YouSendIt, Evernote, 37signals and PDF Online. Skype

could also be considered a freemium company.

These web-based companies generally structure their offering with two or more levels of service.

They generate revenue by converting free users to paying customers.

1. (b)

Facebook is such a big part of market branding nowadays, it's hard to think back on a time

without it. Today, it's not that you're just missing out on a form of free or cheap marketing if

your business doesn't have a Facebook page, but, even worse your brand will be considered

irrelevant without one. Social media allows businesses to build more meaningful relationships

and get to know future consumers better. A business can build a fan base and receive feedback

from their target audience. It can create new avenues of traffic that lead people to their products

and solidify their identity to the consumer. Marketing has taken a new shift with social media

taking center stage. This is the main way businesses utilize social media. Social media offers

businesses different approaches to market their products either via organic marketing which is

free or paid targeted marketing.

Organic marketing mainly entails adoption and utilization of keywords similar to search engine

optimization. It requires creating social media accounts or pages, naming and describing the page

or account using the keywords and regularly creating and sharing keyword-optimized content

related to a business. The main aim of organic marketing is to achieve top rankings on search

results whether on social media or search engines whenever a search query using the keywords is

put. Businesses can also advertise by sharing posts, directly posting to groups or on influencer

pages with large followings.

4. (a)

MIS and DSS are two abbreviations that are often heard in the field of Business Management.

They differ in a few aspects. MIS is a complementary network of hardware and software

cooperating to collect, process, store and distributes information to support the managerial role to

increase business values and profits. DSS is an information system that supports business or

organizational decision-making activities.

The Difference between MIS and DSS given below-

MIS DSS
MIS stands for Management Information DSS stands for Decision Support Systems.

Systems.
It is a type of link that assists in the It is an improvement of the concept of MIS. It
communication between managers of various
is true that both of them differ in terms of their
disciplines in a business firm or an
focus.
organization.
MIS focuses on the information gathered and DSS focuses more on leadership. It is all about

the information that has poured from different senior management in a firm providing

quarters. innovative vision.

MIS is characterized by an input of large DSS is characterized by an input of low

volume of data, an output of summary reports volume of data, an output of decision analysis

and process characterized by a simple model. and a process interactive model.

 MIS takes an input of large volume of data DSS uses the input of low volume of data and

and outputs summary report. output decision analysis.

The MIS based reports are not very flexible. The DSS based reports are more flexible.
The difference between MIS and DSS is that MIS is a primary level of decision making whereas

DSS is the ultimate and the main part of the decision. As a matter of fact, MIS is all about theory

whereas DSS is all about practice and analysis. An organization should employ both the systems

effectively.

4.(b)

Because the ARTS Data Model is mature, its conceptual view is subsumed into a Fully
Attributed Data Model.  This is because the broad retail framework is well established and it is in
a stage of development where it is being extended and enhanced not created from scratch.

A Logical Data Model data model is composed of:

•Entity Types

•Attributes

•Relationships and

•Domains

Each instance of these object types is uniquely identified and defined in business terms.  The
definitions supply the semantic content for a data model.  The ARTS Operational Data Model, in
technical terms, is a relational data model built using entity relationship modeling notation.

A database management system (DBMS) is simply the software that permits an organization to

centralize data, manage them efficiently, and provide access to the stored data by application

programs. The DBMS acts as an interface between application programs and the physical data

files. When the application program calls for a data item, such as gross pay, the DBMS finds this

item in the database and presents it to the application program. Using traditional data files, the

programmer would have to specify the size and format of each data element used in the program
and then tell the computer where they were located. A DBMS eliminates most of the data

definition statements found in traditional programs.

The DBMS relieves the programmer or end user from the task of understanding where

and how the data are actually stored by separating the logical and physical views of the data. The

logical view presents data as they would be perceived by end users or business specialists,

whereas the physical view shows how data are actually organized and structured on physical

storage media. The database management software makes the physical database available for

different logical views presented for various application programs. The logical description of the

entire database showing all the data elements and relationships among them is called the

conceptual schema, whereas the specifications of how data from the conceptual schema are

stored on physical media is termed the physical schema or internal schema. The specific set of

data from the database, or view, that is required by each user or application program is termed

the subschema. For example, for the human resources database illustrated in Figure 7-4 an

employee retirement benefits program might use a subschema consisting of the employee’s

name, address, social security number, pension plan, and retirement benefits data.

A database management system has three components-

• A data definition language

• A data manipulation language

• A data dictionary

The data definition language is the formal language programmers use to specify the structure of

the content of the database. The data definition language defines each data element as it appears
in the database before that data element is translated into the forms required by application

program. Most DBMS have a specialized language called a data manipulation language that is

used in conjunction with some conventional third- or fourth-generation programming languages

to manipulate the data in the database. This language contains commands that permit end users

and programming specialists to extract data from the database to satisfy information requests and

develop applications.

The most prominent data manipulation language today is Structured Query Language, or SQL.

End users and information systems specialists can use SQL as an interactive query language to

access data from databases, and SQL commands can be embedded in application programs

written in conventional programming languages.

The third element of a DBMS is a data dictionary. This is an automated or manual file that stores

definitions of data elements and data characteristics, such as usage, physical representation,

ownership (who in the organization is responsible for maintaining the data), authorization, and

security. Many data dictionaries can produce lists and reports of data use, groupings, program

locations, and so on.

Figure 1.1 illustrates a sample data dictionary report that shows the size, format, meaning, and

uses of a data element in a human resources database. A data element represents a field. In

addition to listing the standard name (AMT-PAY-BASE), the dictionary lists the names that

reference this element in specific systems and identifies the individuals, business functions,

programs, and reports that use this data element.

figure 1.1