S46 Abstracts / Psychoneuroendocrinology 100S (2019) S1–S64
Salivary uric acid concentrations in young
children exposed to prenatal substance use are
related to emotion and behavioral problems
Jenna L. Riis 1,∗ , Rina D. Eiden 2 , Danielle S.
Molnar 3 , Shannon Shisler 2 , Marilyn A. Huestis 4 ,
Douglas A. Granger 1
1
University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
2 University at Buffalo, State University of New York,
Buffalo, NY, USA
3 Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
4 Institute of Emerging Health Professions, Thomas
Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
Background: Children exposed to prenatal substance use are
at increased risk of emotion and behavioral problems later in life.
We examined a potential mechanism underlying this association.
In a high risk sample, we examined relations between child uric
acid (UA), a purinergic biomarker linked to attention problems and
impulsivity, maternal substance use during pregnancy and prenatal
exposure, and emotion and behavioral problems in early childhood.
Methods: Participants were 136 mother-child dyads from a
prospective study. Mothers were diverse, mostly young, lower-
income, with relatively low levels of education, and all reported
cigarette use during pregnancy. Maternal substance use meas-
ures included intensive, calendar-based self-report of cigarette,
cannabis, and alcohol use, and infant meconium assay for cotin-
ine (a nicotine metabolite). Child internalizing and externalizing
behaviors, inattention/overactivity and aggression/defiance prob-
lems, and salivary UA were assessed at kindergarten-age.
Multivariable linear regression examined all relations control-
ling for small-for-gestational age and family income-to-needs ratio.
Relations between UA and child problems were also examined
adjusting for significant prenatal exposures.
Results: Overall, self-reported prenatal substance use was
not related to child UA. Among children with cotinine in their
meconium (N = 96), cotinine concentration was inversely asso-
ciated with UA (t(95) = −2.85, p < .01). UA was also inversely
related to externalizing behaviors (t(116) = −3.21, p < .01) and
inattention/overactivity (t(108) = −2.11, p < .05), however, only
inattention/overactivity remained significant when adjusted for
meconium cotinine concentration (t(87) = −2.02, p < .05).
Discussion: Our findings suggest further study of the effects of
early adversity on the purinergic system may advance understand-
ing of developmental risk for emotion and behavioral problems in
early childhood.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.12.159
Paper session: Resilience and intervention
science oral presentations
Time: Friday, 07/Sep/2018: 1:30pm–3:30pm
Ilona Yim (Session Chair)
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.12.160
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Can placental corticotropin-releasing hormone
inform timing of antenatal corticosteroid
administration?
Danielle A. Swales 1,∗ , Leah A. Grande 1 , Deborah
A. Wing 2 , Michelle Edelmann 3 , Laura M. Glynn 4 ,
Curt A. Sandman 2 , Roger Smith 5 , Maria Boman 5 ,
Elysia P. Davis 1
1 University of Denver, USA
2 University of California, Irvine, USA
3 University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus,
USA
4 Chapman University, USA
5 University of Newcastle, USA
Background: Antenatal corticosteroids commonly are admin-
istered to pregnant women at risk of delivering between 23 and
34 gestational weeks, providing crucial benefits to fetal lung mat-
uration and reducing risk of neonatal morbidity and mortality.
Corticosteroids are maximally efficacious for lung maturation when
administered within 2 to 7 days of delivery. Accurately identifying
the timing of preterm delivery is thus critical to ensure that antena-
tal corticosteroids are administered within a week of delivery and
to avoid unnecessary administration to women who will deliver
at term. A plausible biomarker for predicting time of delivery is
placental corticotropin-releasing hormone (pCRH).
Objective: The current study assesses whether pCRH concentra-
tions predict time to delivery, and specifically which women will
deliver within a week of treatment.
Method: 121 women with singleton pregnancies who were
prescribed betamethasone were recruited for study participation.
pCRH concentrations were evaluated prior to administration of the
corticosteroid betamethasone and timing of delivery was recorded.
Results: Elevated pCRH concentrations were associated with a
shorter time from treatment to delivery. ROC curves revealed that
pCRH may improve the precision of predicting preterm delivery.
Discussion: In the current sample, pCRH concentrations pre-
dicted the likelihood of delivering within one week of corticosteroid
treatment. Current findings suggest that pCRH may be a diagnostic
indicator of impending preterm delivery. Increasing the precision in
predicting time to delivery could inform when to administer ante-
natal corticosteroids, thus maximizing benefits and reducing the
likelihood of exposing fetuses who will be delivered at term.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.12.161
Stress effects on emotional memory in middle
childhood
Laurel Raffington 1,∗ , Johannes Falck 1 , Christine
Heim 2,3 , Mara Mather 4 , Yee Lee Shing 1,5
1 Max Planck Institute for Human Development,
Germany
2 Charité-University Medicine, Germany
3 Pennsylvania State University, University Park, USA
4 University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
5 Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Germany
In adults, memory for emotional objects is often enhanced,
whereas memory for neutral backgrounds paired with the emo-
tional objects is reduced. Furthermore, stress shortly before
encoding boosts memory in adults through interactions of norepi-
nephrine and cortisol. The aim of the current study was to examine
the effects of stress on children’s emotional memory. 135 6-to-7-
year-old children were randomly allocated to stress (N = 97) elicited
with the Trier Social Stress Test for Children or a control condition
 Abstracts / Psychoneuroendocrinology 100S (2019) S1–S64
(N = 38). After stress induction, children incidentally encoded 75
objects paired with 75 neutral scenes. Five categories, each with
15 objects, were created: negative valence with low (1) or high
(2) arousal, neutral (3), and positive valence with low (4) or high
(5) arousal. Recognition memory (hits – false alarms) was mea-
sured the following day. Unlike adults, children showed a memory
suppression effect of negative relative to neutral items, which was
more pronounced in girls and boosted by stress in girls. In stressed
girls, who had higher cortisol stress reactivity than boys, higher
cortisol levels were related to better emotional memory. No corre-
sponding effects of emotionality or cortisol where found on scene
memory. This provides evidence for an incidental memory suppres-
sion effect of negative objects that is boosted by pre-learning stress
in middle childhood, indicating that there may be qualitative dif-
ferences in emotional memory in children compared with adults.
This work was supported by Jacobs Foundation to YLS and CH.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.12.162
Positive memory recall reduces cognitive and
neuroendocrine vulnerability to depression
Adrian Dahl Askelund 1,∗ , Susanne Schweizer 2 ,
Ian Goodyer 1 , Anne-Laura van Harmelen 1
1 University of Cambridge, UK
2 University College London, UK
Background: Depression is currently considered the greatest
cause of ill health and disability worldwide. A known risk fac-
tor of subsequent depression is exposure to early life stress. Such
exposure may operate by sensitizing the maturing neuroendocrine
stress response system to later-life stress. Notably however, many
show resilience and do not report mental health problems in the
aftermath of later-life stressors. The factors that subserve this
resilience remain to be revealed. We note that activating positive
memories has been found to lower cortisol and mood responses to
acute stress in humans and depression-like behavior in mice. It is
still unknown whether recalling positive memories evokes resilient
responses to later-life stressors when they occur naturally.
Method: Here we used longitudinal path modeling to study the
effects of positive memory specificity on cortisol and mood in ado-
lescents at risk for depression due to early life stress (N = 643, age:
14 years).
Results: We found that recalling more specific positive mem-
ories was associated with lower morning cortisol and lower
dysphoria a year later. Moderated mediation analyses demon-
strated that positive memory recall reduced later depressive
symptoms through lowering self-devaluative thoughts, in response
to negative life events.
Discussion: Positive memory recall actively dampened the neg-
ative effect of stressors over time, thereby operating as a resilience
factor. This finding has important clinical implications for at-risk
populations. Positive memory specificity is malleable and repre-
sents a promising target for prevention. We suggest that improving
positive memory specificity in at-risk adolescents may counteract
prior vulnerability to depression.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.12.163
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S47
Childhood adversity and levels of cortisol and
DHEA in adolescence
Lotte van Dammen 1,∗ , Susanne de Rooij 2,3 , Pia
Behnsen 3 , Anja Huizink 3,4
1 University Medical Center Groningen, The
Netherlands
2 Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The
Netherlands
3 VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
4 University of Skövde, Sweden
Background: Childhood adversity has been shown to affect
levels of the main HPA-axis output hormone cortisol, but the asso-
ciation with another HPA-axis hormone, dehydroepiandrosterone
(DHEA), has been scarcely investigated. We aimed to test the sex
specific associations between person-, and environment-related
childhood adversity and levels of cortisol, DHEA and cortisol/DHEA
ratio.
Methods: A total of 215 adolescents filled out a question-
naire to assess childhood adversity, divided into a person- and
environment-related sub score. Cortisol and DHEA concentrations
and cortisol/DHEA ratio were determined in hair segments. Addi-
tionally, saliva samples were collected four times during the day.
Regression analyses were used to test associations between child-
hood adversity and cortisol and DHEA levels, stratified for sex.
Results: Data were available for 74 boys and 116 girls with a
mean age of 15.7 years (SD = 2.0). Higher levels of person-related
adversity were associated with higher hair DHEA levels in girls
and with higher hair cortisol levels in boys. A trend towards a
significant association was observed between higher levels of
environment-related adversity and higher DHEA levels in boys.
Adversity was not associated with cortisol/DHEA ratio. The saliva
cortisol day curve showed a trend towards lower cortisol secretion
in boys with environment-related adversity, compared to boys
without adversity.
Conclusion: Adolescents who had experienced more childhood
adversity showed higher levels of cortisol and DHEA in hair, but a
tendency towards lower daily saliva cortisol secretion. In addition,
we found uncoupling of adversity effects on DHEA in boys and girls,
for respectively environment-related and person-related adversity.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.12.164
The role of co-rumination and adrenocortical
attunement in young women’s close friendships
Ashley Marie Rankin 1,∗ , CaSandra
Swearingen-Stanborough 2 , Jennifer
Byrd-Craven 1 , Douglas A. Granger 3,4
1 Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, USA
2 Langston University, USA
3 Institute for Interdisciplinary Salivary Bioscience
Research, University of California, Irvine, USA
4 Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing,
Bloomberg School of Public Health, and School of
Medicine, USA
Attunement, or synchrony, of behavior and physiology has
been well documented in family, mother-child, and romantic rela-
tionships. This study aimed to determine whether attunement of
the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis occurs in women’s
close friendships, and the role of a common social style, co-
rumination in that attunement. Saliva samples (later assayed for
cortisol) were collected from 37 dyads (74 individuals) during a
laboratory task in which they were either asked to work together
toward a common goal (control task) or discuss interpersonal