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Chapter 2
ni
yi N (2-1) i
Vi
n
N (2-2)
i V i
i 1 i 1
N——number of components
Composition of natural gas
(3)mass fraction
wi
Gi N
w
i 1
i
(2-3)
w
i 1
i ——total mass of gas
Gi / M i
yi N (2-4)
G /M
i 1
i i
N
M ( yi M i ) (2-5)
i 1
PM
According to EOS: g ZRT
Relative density: g g / a
g M / 29
2.2 The Equation of State(状态方程) for
Natural Gas and the Law of Corresponding
State(对比状态原理)
EOS(状态方程) for ideal gas
PV ZnRT
Z is known as the compressibility factor (压缩因子).
Vreal gas
Z
Videal gas
At 10.5MPa,
and 60℃ ,
what’s the z-
factor for
ethane?
1
1
Principle of corresponding state(对比态定律)
2—4 一些非烃类气体的物性常数
名 称 分子式 分子量 沸点,℃ 临界压力 临界温度 液体密度(标准 偏心因子
3
(0.1MPa 下) Pc,MPa Tc,K 条件下)g/cm ω
空气 N2,O2 28.964 -194.28 3.7714 132.78 0.856
二氧化碳 CO2 44.010 -186.43 7.3787 304.17 0.827 0.2250
氦 He 4.003 -372.52 0.2289 5.278 /
氢气 H2 2.016 -459.73 1.3031 33.22 0.07 -0.2234
硫化氢 H2S 34.076 -315.74 9.0080 373.56 0.79 0.0949
氮气 N2 28.013 -371.19 3.3936 126.11 0.808 0.0355
氧气 O2 31.999 -389.22 5.0807 154.78 1.14 0.0196
水 H2O 18.015 100 22.1286 647.33 1.0 0.3210
How to get compressibility of natural gas?
Gas in reservoir
Gas formation volume factor(体积系数)
Formation volume factor, is defined :
V (reservoir condition)
Bg (2-44)
Vsc ( surface standard condition, 0.1MPa & 20℃)
Bg——volume factor of natural gas,m3/(标)m3;
Vsc——volume under surface standard condition,(标)m3;
V——volume under reservoir condition,m3
nRTsc
Vsc (2-45)
Psc
273 t Psc Z CZ
Bg =
293 P P
标准状态(Standard Condition):20ºC,1atm
表2—9不同国家或不同场合对标准状态的规定
1mol 理想气体
国家或机构 规定温度、压力
在该状态下的体积
物理学标准状态 0℃,760mmHg(0.101325MPa) 22.4L
中国 石油工业 20℃(293K),0.101325MPa 24.04L
前苏联 石油工业 20℃(293K),0.101325MPa 24.04L
美国 石油工业 20.0℃(68℉), 0.101325MPa 24.04L
美国 高压气体协会 20.0℃(68℉),1atm 24.04L
美国 气体协会 60℉(15.6℃),30in Hg(760mmHg) 23.68L
英国 60℉(15.6℃),30in Hg(760mmHg) 23.68L
0.06
0.05 120℃
Bg,m 3 /标m 3
0.04
0.03
0.02
0.01
0.00
0 20 40 60 80 100
P,MPa
图2—6 某天然气气样 P-Bg 关系
C pr C g Ppc
What’s the unit of Cg and Cpr???
How to get Cg of natural gas?
天然气视对比压缩系数Cpr可由已知的视对比参数(Ppr,Tpr)由图2—8查出。
Two methods:
(1)Using Fig.2-3, get Z factor and its gradient
(2)Using Fig.2-8, get Cpr
The changing
regularities are different 1.6
at high/low pressure 1.4
1.2 High pressure region
高压区(稠气体)
condition.
Pr 1
0.8
0.6
The partition between 0.4
Low低压区(稀气体)
pressure region
high and low pressure 0.2
can be seen in Fig.2-9 0
0 2 4 6 8 10
Tr
图2—9 计算气体粘度时高压区与低压区的划分
At low pressure
1
(2—59)
3
——density of gas;
——average velocity of gas molecular;
As T increases:
(1)Molecules movement increases
(2)More collisions between each other
(3)Kinetic energy of molecules increase
(4)The internal friction of the fluid is raised
Example 2-11
g
i gi i
y M 0.5
gi i
M 0.5
Example 2-12
W P
X vw (2—66)
V RwT
X——absolute humidity,kg/m3;
W——mass of water vapor,kg;
V——volume of water vapor,m3;
Pvw——partial pressure of water vapor,Pa;
T——absolute temperature of natural gas,K;
Rw——gas constant of water vapor Rw 461.53kg m3 / (kg K )
Relative humidity (相对湿度)
X=Xo×Cs×Cβ
1. Large resource
据测算,中国南海天然气水合物的资源量为
700亿吨油当量,约相当中国陆上石油、天
然气资源量总数的二分之一。