Break the chain of COVID19 Infection

 Wear face mask

 Frequent hand washing
 Proper hygiene
 Use alcohol and sanitizer
 Always observe physical distancing
 Cover your mouth when coughing and sneezing

These instructional activities is good for 1 week

Preliminaries

University Vision
A synergistic multi-campus university producing competent, value laden and globally
competitive graduates who are proactive in promoting the socio-economic prosperity of the
country.

University Mission
The University shall primarily provide advanced education, higher technological
professional instruction and training in the fields of agriculture, arts and sciences, business
and industry, computer and information technology, education, engineering, environmental
sciences, fisheries, forestry, law and criminal justice, medicine and allied sciences and other
related fields of study. It shall intensify its research, extension and production functions and
provide progressive leadership in its areas of specialization.

Core Values
Excellence
Integrity
Accountability

Quality Policy
We commit to provide quality instruction, research, extension and production
grounded on excellence, integrity and accountability as we move towards exceeding
stakeholders’ satisfaction in compliance with relevant requirements and well-defined
continual improvement measures.
“Dekalidad na edukasyon, Kinabuhi na mainuswagon”

Subject Teacher’s Contact Details

Name : JAZELLE DANE E. ABALOYAN

Contact No. : 09095745395/09974755689
Email Address: jdanearevile12@gmail.com
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 Preliminary Activity:

Please read and understand the following questions. Answer comprehensively.

Provide a sheet for your answer.

A. Vision and Mission

 What personal and professional qualities should you possess to become
globally competitive graduate?
 How will the University prepare you to become professional in your
chosen field of specialization?
B. Course Content, Requirements and Marking System (Please read the course
guide)

Lesson1. MORAL AND NON-MORAL STANDARDS

Introduction
When classes were suspended due to the COVID-19 pandemic, you have been
staying at home most of the time. In the television, social media, or in print you see different
ways by which people display their behavior. Some might be appealing to you; others may
make you feel disgusted. But why such reactions? What makes you happy when you like a
Facebook post; and sad when the post seems not right?

Learning outcomes:
At the end of this lesson, you should be able to:
1. define ethics and morality and differentiate them;
2. Identify the nature and purpose of morality, and
3. differentiate between moral and non-moral standards.

Activity
Take a deep breath and say the word “morality” in your mind three times. Then, on a
separate sheet of paper write a one-sentence description for each picture using your
understanding of the word morality as the guide of your judgment.
Photo A

Photo C
Photo B

Analysis: Why do you think doing right actions is important?

Ethics
Ethics is the philosophical study of the nature of good life, of right action, and of duty
and obligation to do good. It is a sub-branch of philosophy under Axiology, a philosophy
concerned with human values. Hence, ethics is the philosophical study of morality we call
moral philosophy. It consists of universal beliefs or principles about what goodness is.
Ariola (2018) enumerated four ethical principles that can be found across cultures: a.) non-
killing principle; b.) non-lying principle; c.) non-stealing principle, and; d.) principle revolving

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 sexual conduct. Examples of issues that are ethical in nature includes honesty, freedom, and
love.
From this, we can say that ethics is theoretical as it tries to critically reflect on the
nature of goodness or of the ideals of what’s moral and what’s not. Standards that govern
professional practice are also ethical principles. Physicians and nurses are some of the
many health professionals who give frontline services in this COVID-19 pandemic. The
reason why they risk their lives in the name of their professions is because they are ethically-
bound to the life-giving oath that they have taken.

Morality
Morality on the other hand is about the rules that govern the promotion of human
goodness so that individuals and the society may flourish (Pojman, 2005). Morality then
speaks of norms (Pojman, 2005) or rules of human conduct. If ethics is theoretical, morality
is practical and most of the time relative.
What we believe to be moral in our culture
may not be for the other. Religion also
influences our view of morality. For example,
Muslims consider eating pork as haram or
forbidden because the Holy Quran says that
pork is impure while for Catholics, a fiesta is
incomplete without lechon baboy.
Although law and morality should go
hand-in-hand, it is not always the case. Law
is a system of rules in a specific country
enacted by its ruling agency and once
violated a corresponding punishment is given.
Cheating during a quiz may be morally
unacceptable but you can’t be put to jail just
because you let your classmate copy your
answers. Hence, what is immoral may
sometimes be not illegal

ETHICS AND MORALITY

Photo D

Morality is about what is right and

wrong—some things are right,
Differences between ethics and morality. others are wrong. Morality is the
code or rules in which our actions
Why be ethical? are judged against shared values.
Morality is, as Socrates said, “How Ethics are principles that form those
we ought to live.” It is therefore important moral codes (Boone, 2017).
that we study Ethics so that we would be
able to align our thinking, feeling, and action
to what is good and beneficial not only to ourselves but to a much larger community as well.
For Boone (2017), Ethics helps us understand the world by providing structure to it through
the standards, virtues, and rules that it provides that guide our behavior; he explains why it is
important for us to act ethically with these points:
1. Acting ethically is a requirement for life. Ethics help us choose the best way to act so
that the things that we do will not be aimless, pointless, and random; hence, we live a life
that is happy, productive, and purposeful.
In this time of pandemic, you have a moral obligation to yourself to keep your mind
and body healthy by following certain health measures.

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2. Acting ethically is a requirement for society. Kindness matters; it helps unite the
society. As members of a much wider community there are roles to play and rules to follow.
Ethics helps build relationships that keeps the society from falling apart.
That is why, people are advised to stay at home in order to save other people’s lives
during this pandemic. If a Manila-based worker wants to go back to his province, he needs to
see his plan according to a much larger scheme of things before deciding and not just
according to his individual needs. One must do his or her part in making everyone safe and
avoid the risk of viral contagion by not travelling; it is in this sense that the Balik/Hatid
Probinsya Program of Senator Bong Go becomes problematic.
3. Acting ethically has a religious purpose. Because we need incentives to act morally,
religion provides such reward. Acting according to the norms of religion would make you
take hold of the promise of an eternal reward, doing otherwise would entail an after-life
suffering. That is why, for some people, doing what is right would mean following the
commands of the holy text of their religion.
In 2021, the Philippines will celebrate its 500 years of being Christianized.
Christianity was signalled in the country when Magellan and his troops first landed in
Homonhon Island, Eastern Samar. Our country is the only predominantly Catholic nation in
the Asian region. In the present COVID-19 situation, it was featured in the news that
President Duterte said to shoot all those who would violate the lockdown rules. Is his
statement morally upright based on the teachings of Christianity?
4. Acting ethically is for the benefit of oneself. The golden rule, “Do unto others what
you want others do unto you”, means that kindness begets kindness. Even when one
behaves appropriately because of self-interest, surely good things will follow. For Eastern
philosophy, a good act brings good karma.
We have this proverb “Ang susi sa kaligayahan ay ang pagiging
mapagmapasalamat”. That is why, you feel happy when you pack food for our COVID-19
frontliners because you feel grateful for their heroism. That feeling of happiness is a personal
gain yet it benefits not only yourself but others as well.
5. We act ethically because humans are basically good. This is the major claim of
moral philosophy. Humans are naturally good and they try to behave accordingly. Do
humans act accordingly because they have to, or do they pursue an ethical life because
there are acts that in themselves are naturally good and worth pursuing? What do you think?

The Purpose of Morality

Living ethically assures that
everyone will flourish. Although morality
may restrict our freedom, acting morally
upright brings greater freedom to do
good to oneself and to others. Pojman
(2005, p.7) enumerates these purposes
of morality:
1. To keep society from falling apart
2. To ameliorate human suffering Photo E

3. To promote human flourishing

4. To resolve conflicts of interest in just
and orderly ways
5. To assign praise and blame, reward
and punishment, and guilt

The Nature of Moral Principles

To lead a moral life, one follows
moral principles. These are practical guides that govern our actions and these principles
have these traits or characteristics (Pojman, 2005):
1. Prescriptivity. As what the word “prescribe” means, moral principles are imperatives,
they give commands. For example, “Do not steal” or “Love your enemies.”

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2. Universalizability. Moral principles must apply to all relevantly similar situation. If
cheating is prohibited in a certain exam, then in all kinds of exam, cheating must not be
tolerated. The key here is consistency. Just like the golden rule, do not do to other people all
the things that you don’t want to be done to you.
3. Overridingness. Moral principles take precedence over other principles or one moral
principle may take over another. For example, civil disobedience may be morally upright
when it is done with a higher cause. That is why, going to rallies during the Martial Law or in
the present Anti-Terrorism Bill mañanita rallies are considered right even when they mean
social disobedience because they serve a greater purpose and that is to defend human
freedom.
4. Publicity. Moral principles should be known by all who should follow them; they
shouldn’t be a secret because we use these principles to give commands, to assign rewards
or punishment or to give advice.
5. Practicability. Moral codes should be workable and they should not lay a heavy burden
to those who follow them. In other words, they could be done. If posting in Facebook your
criticism about the government would mean terrorism, then the Anti-Terrorism Bill is
impractical because turning a blind eye to
what the government is doing is not a practice MORAL & NON-MORAL
of democracy.
STANDARDS
Moral standards involve the rules
Moral versus Non-moral Standards
Moral standards are principles that people have about the kinds of
have moral impact. They definitely point out actions they believe are morally right
what is right and wrong, good or evil. Moral and wrong, as well as
standards provide a structure on how you are the values they place on them. Non-
going to live your life and how you relate with moral standards refer to rules that
others in harmony as it outlines the values are unrelated to
that you share with others to promote ethical considerations
goodness to everyone, or the common good. (ourhappyschool.com, 2018).
That is why, not keeping your word, taking
advantage of others, or tarnishing your
friend’s reputation in social media are seen as moral misconducts because they do not
promote goodness. Rules about table manners, classroom procedures and routines, or
dressing up for a party are considered non-moral standards because they are outside the
scope of morality, they do not have ethical considerations and would not give a great dose of
guilt when not followed. To violate a moral code with intention is to be immoral. An amoral
act is neither moral nor immoral. Feeling angry is natural, anger is amoral; but the act of
killing someone due to anger is another thing—it is immoral.
By now, you shouldn’t be surprised if in the preceding activity only the middle picture
speaks about morality. Answering your phone in a meeting, although it is disturbing to
others, does not mean immorality but stealing (the middle picture) does. To sleep during a
classroom discussion does not have a great moral impact but the intention for doing so may
convey a moral question.

Assessment
Answer directly the following questions on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Make a Venn Diagram on Ethics and Morality. Mention the similarities and differences of
Ethics and Morality.
2. Describe the nature and purpose of morality.
3. Make a T-Chart on the differences between moral and non-moral standards.

References:
1. Boone, B. (2017). Ethics 101: From Altruism and Utilitarianism to Bioethics to Political
Ethics, An Exploration of the Concepts of Right and Wrong. NY: Adams Media.

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2. Pojman, L.P. (2005). How Should We Live? : An Introduction to Ethics. CA: Cengage
Learning.

Reminder:

Submit this learning material securely packaged (please provide an

extra plastic envelope intended for the second set of learning materials) to the
campus security personnel or as advised by your subject teacher, on the
prescribed date and time.