(NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCES

& TECHNOLOGY)

HU-101 ISLAMIC STUDIES

ASSIGNMENT-01

SUBMITTED TO:
Ma’am Pakeeza Tabassum

SUBMITTED BY:
Syed Shaheer Raza Naqvi [416628]
Syed Muhammad Shabbar Abbas Naqvi [418566]
DE-44 (EE)-C

Submission Date:

07-11-22

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 SCIENCE AND ISLAM

Introduction
Everyone has their own point of views, suppose if you ask somebody
about science and Islam, one would say that they are both different
studies but in our point of view they are the same one because every
individual is unable to understand that basically science is abstracted
from Islam.

SCIENCE means “ TO KNOW ” or “ TO GAIN KNOWLEDGE ” and

in the perspective of Islam, we are created to gain knowledge as Allah
Almighty said in Qur’an, “read” and at the other side our Holy Prophet
(P.B.U.H) said, “to gain knowledge is an obligation for every muslim
men or women”. Another proof regarding this topic is that Allah
Almighty sent Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H) as a preacher and the
reason that Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H) sent to the mankind is to
teach about the right and wrong. Allah Almighty send man as his
vicegerent because only mankind was given intellectuality from Allah
Almighty even not to the angels (who were capable of this). Allah
Almighty has given mankind this designation instead of all creation
only for this reason that He wanted that mankind should gain knowledge
about Allah Almighty that is actually science. We shall discuss about
the relations of some types of Sciences and Islam in the following
contents:
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• Relation Between Biology and Islam:
Biology is a scientific study of life. It is a type of natural science in
which the genes of all organisms are studied.

What Islam says:

1. Qur’an states about the origin of living things as:
“And Allah has created from water every living creature: so of
them is that which walks upon its belly, and of them is that which
walks upon two feet, and of them is that which walks upon four;
Allah creates what He pleases; surely Allah has power over all
things.”
[Surah An-Nur, verse-45]

2. Qur’an states about the initial stage of human creation:

“ And one of His signs is that He created you from dust, then lo!
you are mortals (who) scatter. ”
[Surah Ar-Rum, verse-20]

“ He created man from a clot. ”

[Surah Al-Alaq, verse-2]

“ Then We made the seed a clot, then We made the clot a lump of
flesh, then We made (in) the lump of flesh bones, then We clothed
the bones with flesh, then We caused it to grow into another
creation, so blessed be Allah , the best of the creators. ”
[Surah Al-Mu’minun, verse-14]
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 Explanation:
From these verses, we learned that Islam clearly states about the
creation of human being as well as other creations as Marine and other
types of creatures. Thus, science is directly related with Islam as it
sures the different stages of creation.

• Relation between Physics and Islam:

Physics is a branch of natural science that studies about the matter,
its fundamental constituents, and its behavior through space and
time.

a) Teleportation:
Teleportation is the theoretical transfer of matter or energy from one
point to another without traversing the physical space between them.
What Islam says:
The proof of teleportation in Islam is given in Qur’an as it states
about the incident of Prophet Soloman (A.S)
“ When Solomon learned that the Queen of Sheba was coming, he
said [to his council]: O you nobles! Which of you can bring me her
throne ere she and her followers come unto me in willing surrender
to God? Said a bold one of the invisible beings [subject to
Solomon]: I shall bring it to thee ere thou rise from thy council-
seat - for, behold, I am powerful enough to do it, [and] worthy of
trust! Answered he who was illumined by revelation: [Nay,] as for
me - I shall bring it to thee ere the twinkling of thy eye ceases! And
when he saw it truly before him, he exclaimed: This is [an outcome]

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 of my Sustainers bounty, to test me as to whether I am grateful or
ungrateful! However, he who is grateful [to God] is but grateful for
his own good; and he who is ungrateful [should know that], verily,
my Sustainer is self-sufficient, most generous in giving! ”
[Surah An-Naml, verse-38-40]

Explanation:
The Qur’an mentions the teleportation in the above verses. Prophet
Soloman (A.S) had many miracles such that he was able to listen and
understand the languages of animals as well as Jinn. Once he ordered
the Jinn’ah to bring the throne of Bilqis as soon as possible. So, one of
the Jinns replied that it was able to bring that throne within the
twinkling of an eye, so he did it. Thus, it means that it was a part of ilm
(knowledge) that Allah (S.W.T) has given to this creature. As we look
into the definition of teleportation we came to know that at that time
the Jinn brought the throne of Bilqis through teleportation.

b) Relativity of Time:
Time is relative. It is not an absolute fact and it depends upon the
perspective of the thinker.

What Islam says:

Qur’an states the relativity of time in the following verses:

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 “He will say: ‘What number of years did you stay on earth?’ They
will say: ‘We stayed a day or part of a day, but ask those who keep
account.’ He will say: ‘Brief indeed was your sojourn, if you had
only known!’ ”
[Surah Al-Mu’minun, verse-112-114]
“ On the day when they behold It, it will be as if they had but tarried
for an evening or the morn there of. ”
[Surah An-Naziat, verse-46]

“ The angels and the spirit ascend to Him in a day the measure of
which is like fifty thousand years. ”
[Surah Al-Ma’arij, verse-4]

Explanation:
From the above stated verses, we came to know that time is relative
as the waqia’h of mehraj and other incidents stated in Qur’an like;
The waqia’h of Ashab-e-Qahaf explains the relativity of time as the
time was relative to them. Thus, we came to know that the
phenomenon of Physics are defined by Islam as many incidents
related to different eras are stated in Qur’an.

• Relation between Mathematics and Islam:

Mathematics is a type of science which deals with the study of number,
quanity and space and some abstract concepts.

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What Islam says:
In Islam there are many Ulama (scholars) who were great
Mathematicians as we search into the history, the men like Prophet
(P.B.U.H), Hazrat Imam Ali (A.S) and his offsprings (Aima’h-e-
Kara’am (A.S) ).

Holy Prophet (S.A.W)’s Sayings:

“ I am the city of knowledge and Ali is the door to this city.”
As we know that Prophet (P.B.U.H) has given his knowledge to Imam
Ali (A.S) so some of his miracles regarding Mathematics are as under:

a) Dividing Inheritance:

Imam Ali (AS) was endowed with a quick, sharp, incisive,

mathematical mind. Here are a few interesting stories in which
Imam Ali's mathematical brilliance revealed itself. What is a wife's
share? Imam Ali (A.S) was once interrupted while he was
delivering a sermon from the pulpit by someone who asked him
how to distribute the inheritance of someone who had died leaving
a wife, his parents and two daughters. The Imam instantly
answered: "The wife's share becomes one ninth." How? This
answer is in fact the result of a long analysis with a number of steps.
Ordinarily, we have to decide on the original share of each of these
heirs, in the following way:

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 ‘The wife takes one eighth, in view of the presence of an inheriting
child.’ [Holy Quran 4:12]
‘The deceased's father and mother take one sixth each.’ [Holy
Quran 4:11]
‘The two daughters take two thirds of the inheritance.’ [Holy Quran
4:11]
So, the total will be: 1/8 + 1/6 + 1/6 + 2/3 = 3/24 + 4/24 + 4/24 +
16/24 = 27/24
This means the share becomes less than 1/8 in view of the increase of
the total of the shares which are so fixed and prescribed. So, the one
eighth, the original share due to the wife out of twenty-four total
shares, has become three shares out of total of twenty-seven, which is
one ninth. Imam Ali's mind went through this complex mathematical
process in a second.

b) Whole Number and not a Fraction:

One Day a Jewish person came to Imam Ali (AS), thinking that since
Imam Ali thinks he is too smart, I'll ask him such a tough question
that he won't be able to answer it and I'll have the chance to embarrass
him in front of all the Arabs. He asked "Imam Ali, tell me a number,
that if we divide it by any number from 1-10 the answer will always
come in the form of a whole number and not as a fraction." Imam Ali
(AS) looked back at him and said, "Take the number of days in a year
and multiply it with the number of days in a week and you will have
your answer." The Jewish person got astonished but as he was a
polytheist (Mushrik), he still didn't believe Imam Ali ibn Abu Talib
(AS) He calculated the answer Imam Ali ibn Abu Talib (AS) gave

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 him. To his amazement he came across the following results: The
number of Days in a Year = 360 (in Arab) The Number of Days in a
Week = 7 The product of the two numbers = 2520
Now...
2520 ÷ 1 = 2520
2520 ÷ 2 = 1260
2520 ÷ 3 = 840
2520 ÷ 4 = 630
2520 ÷ 5 = 504
2520 ÷ 6 = 420
2520 ÷ 7 = 360
2520 ÷ 8 = 315
2520 ÷ 9 = 280
2520 ÷ 10 = 252

c) Dividing 17 Camels:

A person was about to die, and before dying he wrote his Will which
went as follows: "I have 17 Camels, and I have three sons. Divide my
Camels in such a way that my eldest son gets half of them, the second
one gets 1/3rd of the total and my youngest son gets 1/9th of the total
number of Camels." After his death when the relatives read his will
they got extremely perplexed and said to each other that how can we
divide 17 camels like this. So after a long hard thought they decided
that there was only one man in Arabia who could help them: "Imam
Ali (AS)." So, they all came to the door of Imam Ali (AS) and put
forward their problem. Imam Ali (AS) said, "Ok, I will divide the
camels as per the man's will." Imam Ali (AS) said, "I will lend one of

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 my camels to the total which makes it 18 (17+1=18), now let’s divide
as per his will."
The eldest son gets 1/2 of 18 = 9
The second one gets 1/3 of 18 = 6
The youngest gets 1/9 of 18 = 2
Now the total number of camels = 17 (9+6+2=17)
Then Imam Ali (AS) said, "Now I will take my Camel back."

Explanation:
In the light of above historical events, we came to know that
Mathematics has a great importance in the eyes of Islam as it is
involved in the basic laws such as the law of inheritance etc.
After knowing about these historical events of Imam Ali (A.S), it is
confirmed that Mathematics is involved in Islam.

• Relation between Chemistry and Islam:

Chemistry is a branch of science which deals with the study of atom,
substance, chemical reactions and essence in our daily life and so on.

What Islam says:

Qur’an states about atom as:

"And you are not (engaged) in any affair, nor do you recite
concerning it any portion of the Quran, nor do you do any work but
We are witnesses over you when you enter into it, and there does not
lie concealed from your Lord the weight of an atom in the earth or

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in the heaven, nor anything less than that nor greater, but it is in a
clear book."
[Surah Yunus, verse-61]

Qur’an states about chemical elements in the following verse:

"Certainly, We sent Our apostles with clear arguments, and sent

down with them the Book and the balance that men may conduct
themselves with equity; and We have made the iron, wherein is great
violence and advantages to men, and that Allah may know who helps
Him and His apostles in the secret; surely Allah is Strong, Mighty."
[Surah Al-Hadid, verse-25]

In chemistry we know "Fe" as Iron, but in Al-Qur'an iron mentioned as

Al-Hadid.

"Gardens of perpetuity, they shall enter therein; they shall be made

to wear therein bracelets of gold and pearls, and their dress therein
shall be silk."
[Surah Fatir, verse-33]

Qur’an discuss about mixture of soil and water in the following verse:

"Or its waters should sink down into the ground so that you are
unable to find it."
[Surah Al-Kahf, verse-41]

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 Explanation:
From the above verses, it is clear that Qur’an mentions the chemical
substances and somehow their chemical combinations, matter and
atoms. Thus, chemistry being a branch of science relates with the
religion ‘Islam’.

• Relation between Astronomy and Islam:

Astronomy is the study of everything in the universe beyond Earth’s
atmosphere.

What Islam says:

As Qur’an states about the nature of heavenly bodies in the following
verses:

"Did you see how God created seven heavens one above an other
and made the moon a light therein and made the sun a lamp?"
[Surah Nuh, verse-15-16]

"We have built above you seven strong (heavens) and placed a
blazing lamp."
[Surah An-Naba’, verse-12-13]

Explanation:
The blazing lamp is quite obviously the sun. Here the moon is defined
as a body that gives light (munir) from the same root as nur (the light
applied to the Moon). The Sun however is compared to a torch (siraj)
or a blazing (wahhaj) lamp. A man of Muhammad's time could easily

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distinguish between the Sun, a blazing heavenly body well known to
the inhabitants of the desert, and the Moon, the body of the cool of the
night. The comparisons found in the Quran on this subject are
therefore quite normal. What is interesting to note here is the sober
quality of the comparisons, and the absence in the text of the Quran of
any elements of comparison that might have prevailed at the time and
which in our day would appear as phantasmagorical.
As Qur’an states about the stars in the following manner:

"By the sky and the Night-Visitor, who will tell thee what the Night-
Visitor is, the Star of piercing brightness."
[Surah Al-Tariq, verse-1-3]

Explanation:
The evening star is qualified in the Quran by the word takib meaning
'that which pierces through something' (here the night shadows). The
same word is moreover used to designate shooting stars (surah-37,
verse-10): the latter are the result of combustion.

As Qur’an states about the planets in the following manner:

"God is the light of the heavens and the earth. The similitude of His
light is as if there were a niche and within it a luminary. The
luminary is in a glass. The glass is as if it were a planet glittering
like a pearl."
[Surah An-Nur, verse-35]

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Explanation:
Here the subject is the projection of light onto a body that reflects it
(glass) and gives it the glitter of a pearl, like a planet that is lit by the
sun. This is the only explanatory detail referring to this word to be
found in the Quran.

As Qur’an states about the Celestial Organization in the following

verses:

"(God is) the One Who created the night, the day, the sun and the
moon. Each one is travelling in an orbit with its own motion."
[Surah Al-Anbiya, verse-33]

"The sun must not catch up the moon, nor does the night outstrip
the day. Each one is travelling in an orbit with its own motion."
[Surah Yasin, verse-40]

Explanation:
Here an essential fact is clearly stated: the existence of the Sun's and
Moon's orbits, plus a reference is made to the travelling of these bodies
in space with their own motion. A negative fact also emerges from a
reading of these verses: it is shown that the Sun moves in an orbit, but
no indication is given as to what this orbit might be in relation to the
Earth. At the time of the Quranic Revelation, it was thought that the
Sun moved while the Earth stood still. This was the system of

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geocentrism that had held sway since the time of ptolemy, Second
century B.C. , and was to continue to do so until Copernicus in the
Sixteenth century A.D. Although people supported this concept at the
time of Muhammad, it does not appear anywhere in the Quran, either
here or elsewhere.
Thus, Islam clearly states about Astronomy as our Holy Prophet
(P.B.U.H) and Imam Ali (A.S) had great knowledge about Astronomy.
As Imam Ali (A.S) said: I know the pathways of sky better then of
Earth.

Conclusion:
Science and Islam are intimately linked. Islam not only places a high
premium on science but positively encourages the pursuit of science.
Indeed, Islam considers science as an essential prerequisite for human
survival. This sounds odd. We normally think of religion as inimically
hostile to science. Wasn’t there a long and protracted war between
science and Christianity? Did the Church not prosecute Galileo? But
this ‘war’ between ‘science’ and ‘religion’ was purely a western affair.
There is no counterpart of such mutual hostilities in Islam. On the
contrary, Islam encouraged the pursuit of scientific knowledge right
from its inception. The Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H) emphasized
that the material world can only be understood through scientific
inquiry. Islamic culture, he insisted, was a knowledge-based culture. He
valued science over extensive worship and declared: ‘An hour’s study
of nature is better than a year’s prayer. This is why he directed his
followers to ‘listen to the words of the scientist and instill unto others

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the lessons of science and go even as far as China in the quest of
knowledge’. The Quran, which the Muslims believe to be the very Word
of God and clearly distinguish it from the words of Prophet Muhammad,
places immense emphasis on scientific knowledge. The first Quranic
word revealed to Muhammad is ‘Read’. It refers, amongst other forms
of readings, to reading the ‘signs of God’ or the systematic study of
nature. It is a basic tenet of Muslim belief that the material world is full
of signs of God; and these signs can only be deciphered through rational
and objective inquiry. Almost one third of the Quran is devoted to the
praise of scientific knowledge, objective inquiry and serious study of
the material world. ‘Acquire the knowledge of all things, the Quran
advises its readers; and pray: ‘God increase me in my knowledge. One
of the most frequently cited verses of the Quran reads: “Surely in the
heavens and earth there are signs for the believers; and in your
creation, and the crawling things He scatters abroad, there are signs
for a people having sure faith, and in the alternation of night and day,
and the provision God sends down from heaven, and therewith revives
the earth after it is dead, and the turning about of the winds, there are
signs for a people who understand” (45:3-5). So, science and Islam are
and should be, natural bed fellows.

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