CAMPOS VECTORIALES

CAMPOS GRAVITACIONAL (g)

𝐹Ԧ𝟎−1
𝑔Ԧ = 𝐹Ԧ𝟎−1 = 𝑚0 ∙ 𝑔Ԧ
𝑔Ԧ 𝑚0 𝑚0
𝐹Ԧ0−1 𝑚1 ∙ 𝑚0
𝑔Ԧ 𝐹𝑔 = 𝐺
𝑟2
𝑚 ∙𝑚
𝑚1 𝐺 1 2 0
𝑔Ԧ = 𝑟
𝑚0
𝑚1
𝑔Ԧ = 𝐺 2
𝑟
CAMPOS MAGNÉTICO (B)

𝐵 𝐵

𝑞𝑚
CAMPOS ELÉCTRICO (E)
𝐹Ԧ𝟎−1 𝑁
𝑞0+
𝐹Ԧ0−1 𝐸=
𝑞0 𝐶
𝐸
𝐸
Para cargas puntuales:
𝑞1+
𝑞1 ∙ 𝑞0
𝐹𝑒 = 𝑘
𝑟2
𝑞 ∙𝑞
𝑘 1 2 0
𝐸= 𝑟
𝑞0
𝑞1 ∙ 𝑞0
𝐸=𝑘
𝑟 2 ∙ 𝑞0

𝑞1 Campo eléctrico de una

𝐸=𝑘
𝑟 2 carga punto
𝑞1
𝐸∝
𝑟2
 Líneas de Fuerza (Campo)
𝐹Ԧ0−1
𝑞0+
𝑞0+ 𝐹Ԧ0−1
𝐸 𝐸

Campo eléctrico de un sistema de cargas puntuales

𝑞2
=𝑘
𝑟2 2

𝑞1
=𝑘
𝑟1 2

= 𝐸1 + 𝐸2 + 𝐸3 (SUMA VECTORIAL)

𝑞3
=𝑘
𝑟3 2
 𝐹Ԧ
𝑎𝑒
𝑒−

𝐸
𝑎𝑖ó𝑛
+

𝐹Ԧ

𝐹Ԧ𝟎−1 𝐹Ԧ𝟎−1
a) b) 𝐸=
𝐸= 𝑞0
𝑞0
𝐹𝑒 = 𝑞0 𝐸 𝐹𝑒 = 𝑞0 𝐸
𝑁 𝑁
𝐹𝑒 = 1,6 ∙ 10−19 𝐶 ∙ 3 ∙ 106 𝐹𝑒 = 1,6 ∙ 10−19 𝐶 ∙3∙ 106
𝐶 𝐶
𝐹𝑒 = 4,8 ∙ 10−13 𝑁 𝐹𝑒 = 4,8 ∙ 10−13 𝑁
 𝑞
𝐸∝ 2
𝑟
𝐸∝𝑞

𝑞
𝐸1 = 𝐸2 = 𝑘 =𝐸
𝑟2
𝑞2 = 𝑞3 =
2𝑞
𝐸4 = 2𝐸 𝐸3 = 𝐸4 = 𝑘 = 2𝐸
𝑟2
𝐸3 = 2𝐸
𝐸𝑝 𝑞
𝐸𝑥" = 2𝐸 − 𝐸 = 𝐸 = 𝑘 2
𝑟
𝐸𝑥 = 0
𝐸1 = 𝐸 𝑝 𝑞
𝐸2 = 𝐸 𝐸𝑦" = 2𝐸 − 𝐸 = 𝐸 = 𝑘 2 𝐸𝑦 = 4𝐸𝑠𝑒𝑛45° − 2𝐸𝑠𝑒𝑛45°
𝑟 𝑟
𝐸𝑦 = 2𝐸𝑠𝑒𝑛45°
𝑞1 = 𝑞4 = 𝐸𝑝 = 𝐸𝑥" 2 + 𝐸𝑦" 2
𝑞 2
𝐸𝑦 = 2𝑘 2
𝐸𝑝 = 𝐸 2 2𝑎 2
2
𝑞
𝐸𝑝 = 2 ∙ 𝑘 2
𝑟
𝑞 𝑘𝑞 Vertical hacia
𝑎 2 𝑎 2 𝑎 2𝑎 𝐸𝑝 = 2 ∙ 𝑘 2 𝐸𝑝 = 2 2
𝑟= + = 2 = 2𝑎 𝑎2 arriba (+y)
2 2 2 2
2
 𝐸𝑃 = 2𝐸+ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 = 2𝐸− 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃

𝑑
1 𝑞 2
𝑑
2
𝐸𝑃 = 2 ∙ ∙
= 𝑥 2 +
2 4𝜋𝜀0 𝑟 2 𝑟
𝑃 1 𝑞𝑑
𝜃 𝜃 𝐸𝑃 =
4𝜋𝜀0 𝑟 3

𝑃 = 𝑞𝑑 Momento dipolar eléctrico

1 𝑃
𝐸𝑃 = 3
4𝜋𝜀0 2 2
𝑑
𝑥2 + 2
 𝑞
𝐸𝛼
𝑟2 6𝐸 = 𝐸" = 𝐸𝑦

−12𝑞
−𝑞
−11𝑞 60°
12𝐸 6𝐸 = 𝐸"
30°

−10𝑞 −2𝑞

𝐸 2𝐸
−9𝑞 3𝐸 −3𝑞
𝐸𝑥 = 𝐸" − 2𝐸"𝑐𝑜𝑠60° − 2𝐸"𝑐𝑜𝑠30°
𝐸𝑦 = 𝐸"
𝐸𝑥 = −𝐸" − 2𝐸"𝑐𝑜𝑠60° − 2𝐸"𝑐𝑜𝑠30° ∝
𝐸𝑥 = −3,732𝐸"
−8𝑞 6𝐸 −4𝑞 𝐸𝑥 = −3,732𝐸" 𝐸"
𝑡𝑎𝑛 ∝=
3,732𝐸"
1
∝= 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1
3,732
−7𝑞 −5𝑞
−6𝑞 ∝=15° 9: 30
 𝐸 𝐸
𝐸𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜃
𝜃
𝑃
2
𝑑
𝑟= 𝑥2 +
𝑥 2

𝑞+ 𝑞+
𝑑
𝐸𝑝 = 2𝐸𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜃 2
𝑑
𝑥2 + → 𝑥2
Para x » d: 2
1 𝑞 𝑥
𝐸𝑝 = 2
4𝜋𝜖0 𝑟 2 𝑟 1 2𝑞𝑥
𝐸𝑝 =
4𝜋𝜖0 2 32
1 2𝑞𝑥 𝑥
𝐸𝑝 =
4𝜋𝜖0 𝑟 3 1 2𝑞𝑥
𝐸𝑝 =
4𝜋𝜖0 𝑥 3
1 2𝑞𝑥
𝐸𝑝 = 3 1 2𝑞
4𝜋𝜖0 2 2 𝑄 = 2𝑞 𝐸𝑝 = E de una carga punto
𝑑 4𝜋𝜖0 𝑥 2
𝑥2 + 2
 𝐸𝑃 = 𝐸𝑧 = 𝐸1 − 𝐸2 − 𝐸3 + 𝐸4

𝑞 1 1 1 1
𝐸𝑃 = 2
− − +
4𝜋𝜖0 𝑧−𝑑 𝑧2 𝑧2 𝑧+𝑑 2

𝑞 1 2 1
𝐸𝑃 = 2
− +
4𝜋𝜖0 𝑧−𝑑 𝑧2 𝑧+𝑑 2

𝑞 𝑧 4 + 2𝑑𝑧 3 + 𝑑 2 𝑧 2 − 2 𝑧 2 − 𝑑 2 2 + 𝑧 4 − 2𝑑𝑧 3 + 𝑑 2 𝑧 2
𝐸𝑃 =
4𝜋𝜖0 𝑧2 𝑧 + 𝑑 2 𝑧 − 𝑑 2

𝑞 𝑧 4 + 2𝑑𝑧 3 + 𝑑 2 𝑧 2 − 2𝑧 4 − 4𝑑 2 𝑧 2 + 2𝑑 4 + 𝑧 4 − 2𝑑𝑧 3 + 𝑑 2 𝑧 2
𝑬1 𝐸𝑃 =
𝑬4 4𝜋𝜖0 𝑧2 𝑧 + 𝑑 2 𝑧 − 𝑑 2

𝑬2 𝑬3
𝑞 2𝑑 2 3𝑧 2 − 𝑑 2
𝐸𝑃 =
4𝜋𝜖0 𝑧 2 𝑧 + 𝑑 2 𝑧 − 𝑑 2

𝑧−𝑑
𝑆𝑖 𝑧 ≫ 𝑑 → 𝑧 ± 𝑑 ≅ 𝑧; 𝑦, 3𝑧 2 − 𝑑 2 ≅ 3𝑧 2

𝑞 2𝑑 2 3𝑧 2
𝑧+𝑑 𝐸𝑃 =
4𝜋𝜖0 𝑧 2 𝑧 2 𝑧 2
= 𝑞1

1 3 2𝑞𝑑 2
= 𝑞2 𝐸𝑃 = ; 𝐿𝑙𝑎𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜 2𝑞𝑑 2 = 𝑄:
= 𝑞3
4𝜋𝜖0 𝑧 4
3𝑄
𝐸𝑃 =
= 𝑞4 4𝜋𝜖0 𝑧 4
 𝑁
𝐸𝐴 = 40
𝐶

b)

a) 𝐹 = 𝑞𝐸𝐴
𝑁 9 𝑁
𝐹 = 1,6 ∙ 10−19 𝐶 ∙ 40 𝐸∝𝑁 𝐸𝐵 = ∙ 40
𝐶 25 𝐶
𝐸𝐵 𝑁𝐵 9 72 𝑁 𝑁
𝐹 = 6,4 ∙ 10−18 𝑁 = = 𝐸𝐵 = = 14,4
𝐸𝐴 𝑁𝐴 25 5 𝐶 𝐶
 𝑑𝐸3 𝑑𝐸2
𝑑𝐸1
𝐸𝑃𝑥 = න 𝑑𝐸𝑥
𝑃
𝑞 𝑬𝑃 = න 𝑑𝑬 𝐸𝑃𝑦 = න 𝑑𝐸𝑦

𝑑𝑞1
𝐸𝑃𝑧 = න 𝑑𝐸𝑧
𝑑𝑞2
𝑑𝑞3

Densidad lineal de carga (λ) Densidad superficial de carga (𝜎) Densidad volumétrica de carga (𝜌)
+ 𝑑𝑞 + 𝑑𝑞 𝑑𝑞
+
λ= + 𝜎= + + 𝜌=
𝑑𝐿 + + 𝑑𝐴 +
+ + + 𝑑𝑉
+ + +
+ + + +
+ +
+ 𝑞 𝐶 𝑞 𝐶
Si λ=Cte: λ= 𝑞 𝐶
+
+ + + Si 𝜎 =Cte: 𝜎= Si 𝜌=Cte: 𝜌=
+ 𝐴 𝑚2 𝑉 𝑚3
+ 𝐿 𝑚 + +
+
+ + +
+
+ +
+
 𝑧

𝑬𝑃 = න 𝑑𝑬

∅ 𝑑𝐸 𝑑𝐸
𝑑𝐸𝑧 = 𝑑𝐸𝑐𝑜𝑠∅ 𝐸𝑃 = න 𝑑𝐸𝑧

𝑑𝐸𝑦 = 𝑑𝐸𝑠𝑒𝑛∅
∅
𝐸𝑃 = න 𝑑𝐸𝑐𝑜𝑠∅

𝑧 𝑟= 𝑅2 + 𝑧 2
1 𝑑𝑞 𝑧
𝐸𝑃 = න λds= 𝑑𝑞
4𝜋𝜖0 𝑟 2 𝑟

𝑅 𝑦 2𝜋𝑅
𝑑𝑞 𝑧
𝑅 𝑑𝑞 𝐸𝑃𝑧 = න λ 𝑑𝑠
𝑞 4𝜋𝜖0 𝑟 3 0
𝑞 λ𝑧 2𝜋𝑅
λ= 𝐸𝑃𝑧 = න 𝑑𝑠
𝐿 4𝜋𝜖0 𝑟 3 0
𝑥
𝑞
λ= λ𝑧 2𝜋𝑅
2𝜋𝑅 𝐸𝑃𝑧 = 3
Para x » d: 𝑞𝑧 4𝜋𝜖0 𝑅2 + 2
𝑧 2
𝐸𝑃𝑧 = 3 2𝜋𝑅λ 𝑧
4𝜋𝜖0 𝑅2 + 2
𝑧 2 𝐸𝑃𝑧 = 3
4𝜋𝜖0 𝑅2 + 2
𝑧 2
z 𝑞𝑧
𝐸𝑃 = 3
4𝜋𝜖0 𝑅2 + 2
𝑧 2

Para z » R: 𝑅2 + 𝑧 2 ≅ 𝑧 2

𝑞𝑧
𝐸𝑃 = 3
2
4𝜋𝜖0 𝑧 2
𝑞𝑧
𝐸𝑃 =
4𝜋𝜖0 𝑧 3

1 𝑞
𝐸𝑃 =
4𝜋𝜖0 𝑧 2
E de una carga punto
 E
𝑑𝐸
𝑞𝑧 𝐸𝑚á𝑥 𝐸𝑚á𝑥 → =0
𝐸𝑧 = 𝑑𝑧
3
4𝜋𝜖0 𝑅2 2
+𝑧 2

Para que z, EMáx

𝑑𝐸 z
𝐸𝑚á𝑥 → =0
𝑑𝑧 z

𝑑 𝑞𝑧
𝐸𝑚á𝑥 → 3 =0 3 1
𝑑𝑧
4𝜋𝜖0 𝑅2 + 2
𝑧 2 𝑅2 + 2
𝑧 2 = 3𝑧 2 𝑅2 + 2
𝑧 2

3 3 1 𝑅2 + 𝑧 2 = 3𝑧 2
𝑞 𝑅2 + 2
𝑧 2 2 2
− 2 𝑧 𝑅 + 𝑧 2 2𝑧
=0 𝑅2
4𝜋𝜖0 𝑅2 + 𝑧 2 3
𝑧2 =
2
3 1
𝑅2 + 2
𝑧 2 − 3𝑧 2 𝑅2 + 2
𝑧 2 𝑅2
=0 𝑧2 =
𝑅2 + 𝑧 2 3
2
3 1 2𝑅
𝑅2 + 2
𝑧 2 − 3𝑧 2 𝑅2 + 2
𝑧 2 =0 𝑧= = 𝑅 = 0,707𝑅
2 2
 𝑧𝑑𝑞
𝑑𝐸𝑃𝑧 = 3
4𝜋𝜖0 𝑤2 + 2
𝑧 2
𝑧𝜎2𝜋𝑤𝑑𝑤
𝑑𝐸𝑃 = 3
4𝜋𝜖0 𝑤2 + 2
𝑧 2

𝑧𝜎 𝑤=𝑅 2𝑤𝑑𝑤 𝑢 = 𝑤2 + 𝑧2
න 𝑑𝐸𝑃 = න 3
4𝜖0 𝑤=0
𝑤2 2
+𝑧 2 𝑑𝑢 = 2𝑤𝑑𝑤

𝑧𝜎 𝑑𝑢
𝐸𝑃 = න 3
4𝜖0
𝑢2
1 𝑅
−
𝑧𝜎 𝑤2 + 𝑧2 2
𝐸𝑃 =
4𝜖0 1
−2
0

𝜎 𝑧 𝑅
𝐸𝑃 = − 1
2𝜖0
𝑤2 + 2
𝑧 2 0

𝜎 𝑧
𝐸𝑃 = − 1 − (−1)
2𝜖0
𝑅2 + 2
𝑧 2
 𝜎 𝑧 CAMPO ELÉCTRICO EN EL EJE DE UN DISCO DE CARGA
𝐸𝑃 = 1− 1
2𝜖0
𝑅2 + 2
𝑧 2

𝐶𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑅 ≫ 𝑧 → 𝑅2 + 𝑧 2 ≅ 𝑅2
0
𝜎 𝑧
𝐸𝑃 = 1− 1
2𝜖0 2
𝑅 2
𝜎
𝐸𝑃 = CAMPO ELÉCTRICO DE UNA SUPERFICIE INFINITA DE CARGA
2𝜖0

𝜎 𝑧
𝐸𝑃 = 1− 1
1
2 −2 𝜎 1 𝑅 2
2𝜖0 𝜎 𝑅
𝑅2 + 2
𝑧 2 𝐸𝑃 = 1− 1+ 𝐸𝑃 = 1− 1−
2𝜖0 𝑧 2𝜖0 2 𝑧
𝑧
𝜎 𝑧 𝑞 2
𝐸𝑃 = 1− 2 1 𝑅
2𝜖0
𝑅2 + 2
𝑧 2
1
𝐸𝑃 = 𝜋𝑅
2𝜖0 2 𝑧
𝑧
𝜎 1 1 𝑞
𝐸𝑃 = 1− 1 1 𝐸𝑃 =
2𝜖0 2 −2 2 4𝜋𝜖0 𝑧 2
𝑅 2 2 𝑅 1 𝑅
+1 1+ =1− … E de una carga punto
𝑧 𝑧 2 𝑧
 𝐸𝑃 = න 𝑑𝐸𝑦

𝐸𝑃 = න 𝑑𝐸𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
𝑑𝑧 𝑑𝑞 𝑧
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 =
𝑦 1 𝑑𝑞
𝑧 𝐸𝑃 = න 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
4𝜋𝜖0 𝑟
𝑧 = 𝑦𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃
𝑧=∞
1 λ𝑑𝑧
𝑑𝑧 = 𝑦𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝜃𝑑𝜃 𝐸𝑃 = න 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
4𝜋𝜖0 𝑧=−∞ 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2
= λ𝑑𝑧
𝜋
λ 𝑦𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝜃𝑑𝜃
2
𝐸𝑃 = න 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
4𝜋𝜖0 −𝜋 𝑦 2 + 𝑦𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 2
2
𝜋
λ𝑦 2 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝜃
𝐸𝑃 = ∙ 2න 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃𝑑𝜃
4𝜋𝜖0 𝑦 2 0 1 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛 2𝜃

𝜋
2λ 2
𝐸𝑃 = 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜃 0
4𝜋𝜖0 𝑦
λ 𝜋
𝐸𝑃 = 𝑠𝑒𝑛 − 𝑠𝑒𝑛0
2𝜋𝜖0 𝑦 2
λ
𝐸𝑃 =
2𝜋𝜖0 𝑦
 𝜋
λ 2
𝐸𝑃 = න 𝑟 ∙ 𝑑∅ 𝑠𝑒𝑛∅
2𝜋𝜖0 𝑟 2 0
𝜋
λ𝑟 2
𝐸𝑃 = න 𝑠𝑒𝑛∅𝑑∅
2𝜋𝜖0 𝑟 2 0

𝐸𝑃 = න 𝑑𝐸𝑦 λ 𝜋
𝑑𝑠 = 𝑟𝑑∅ 𝐸𝑃 = −𝑐𝑜𝑠∅ 2
2𝜋𝜖0 𝑟 0
𝑑𝑞 = λ𝑑𝑠 𝜋
2
𝐸𝑃 = න 𝑑𝐸𝑠𝑒𝑛∅ 𝑞
𝜋
−2 2𝜋𝑟
4 𝜋
𝜋 𝐸𝑃 = −𝑐𝑜𝑠 − −𝑐𝑜𝑠0
2 2𝜋𝜖0 𝑟 2
𝑑𝐸𝑥− 𝑑𝐸𝑥+ 𝐸𝑃 = 2 න 𝑑𝐸𝑠𝑒𝑛∅
∅ ∅ 0
𝑑𝐸𝑦−
𝑑𝐸𝑦+ 4𝑞
𝑑𝐸− 𝑑𝐸+ 𝜋
2 1 𝑑𝑞 𝐸𝑃 = 2𝜋𝑟
𝐸𝑃 = 2 න 2𝜋𝜖0 𝑟
4𝜋𝜖 𝑟 2 𝑠𝑒𝑛∅
0 0
4𝑞
𝐸𝑃 =
𝜋 4𝜋 2 𝜖0 𝑟 2
1 2
𝐸𝑃 = න λ𝑑𝑠 𝑠𝑒𝑛∅ 𝑞
2𝜋𝜖0 𝑟 2 0 𝐸𝑃 = 2 2
𝜋 𝜖0 𝑟
𝑦
 𝐸𝑥 = න 𝐸𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜃 𝐸𝑦 = න 𝐸𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃

1 𝑑𝑞 1 𝑑𝑞
𝐸𝑥 = න 2 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜃 𝐸𝑦 = න 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
4𝜋𝜖0 𝑟 4𝜋𝜖0 𝑟
1 λ𝑑𝑥 𝑥 1 λ𝑑𝑥
𝑥 𝐸𝑥 = න 2 ∙ 𝐸𝑦 = න 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
4𝜋𝜖0 𝑟 𝑟 4𝜋𝜖0 𝑥 + 𝑅 2
∞
𝑟 λ 𝑥𝑑𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 = 𝑅𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃
𝐸𝑥 = න 3 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 =
4𝜋𝜖0 0 𝑅 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑅𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝜃𝑑𝜃
𝜃 𝑥2
+ 2
𝑅 2
𝜃 𝑢 = 𝑥 2 + 𝑅2 𝑑𝑢 = 2𝑥𝑑𝑥 λ 𝑅𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝜃𝑑𝜃
𝑑𝐸
𝑑𝐸𝑦 = 𝑑𝐸𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 𝐸𝑥 = න 𝐸𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜃 𝐸𝑦 = න 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
λ 1 ∞ 𝑑𝑢 4𝜋𝜖0 𝑅𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 2 + 𝑅2
𝐸 = 𝐸𝑥 𝑖Ƹ + 𝐸𝑦 𝑗Ƹ 𝐸𝑥 = න
𝑑𝐸𝑥 = 𝑑𝐸𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜃 4𝜋𝜖0 2 0 32
𝑢 λ 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝜃
𝐸𝑦 = න 𝐸𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 𝐸𝑦 = න 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃𝑑𝜃
1 ∞ 4𝜋𝜖0 𝑅 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝜃 + 1
2 2 −2
λ 1 𝑥 + 𝑅
𝐸𝑥 = 𝜋
4𝜋𝜖0 2 1 λ
− 2
2 0 𝐸𝑦 = න 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃𝑑𝜃
4𝜋𝜖0 𝑅 0
∞
λ −1 λ 𝜋
λ 𝐸𝑥 = 𝐸𝑦 = 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜃 02
𝐸𝑥 = 𝐸𝑦 = 4𝜋𝜖0 1
4𝜋𝜖0 𝑅 𝑥2 + 2
𝑅 2 4𝜋𝜖0 𝑅
0
𝐸𝑥 λ
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 = λ 1 𝐸𝑦 = 1−0
𝐸𝑦 𝐸𝑥 = 0− − 4𝜋𝜖0 𝑅
𝜃 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 1 4𝜋𝜖0 𝑅
λ λ
𝜃 = 45° 𝐸𝑥 = 𝐸𝑦 =
4𝜋𝜖0 𝑅 4𝜋𝜖0 𝑅
 PARTÍCULA EN CAMPO GRAVITACIONAL UNIFORME
Caída libre Lanzamiento vertical
𝑚 𝑣=0 1 2
𝑣0 𝑦 = 𝑣0 𝑡 − 𝑔𝑡 1
2

𝑔Ԧ = 𝐶𝑡𝑒
𝑦 𝑣𝑓 = 𝑣0 − 𝑔𝑡 2

𝑣𝑓 2 = 𝑣0 2 − 2𝑔𝑦 3
𝑣0
𝑣𝑓

De 1 , cuando y = 0: t = tV De 2, cuando 𝑣𝑓 = 0: t = tS De 3 , cuando 𝑣𝑓 = 0: 𝑦 = 𝑦𝑚á𝑥

1
0 = 𝑣0 𝑡𝑉 − 𝑔𝑡𝑉2 0 = 𝑣0 − 𝑔𝑡𝑠
0 = 𝑣0 2 − 2𝑔𝑦𝑚á𝑥
2
1 2
𝑔𝑡 = 𝑣0 𝑡𝑉 𝑔𝑡𝑠 = 𝑣0 2𝑔𝑦𝑚á𝑥 = 𝑣0 2
2 𝑉
2𝑣0 𝑣0 𝑣0 2
𝑡𝑉 = 𝑡𝑠 = 𝑡𝑠 = 𝑡𝑏 𝑦𝑚á𝑥 =
𝑔 𝑔 2𝑔
 Movimiento semiparabólico

𝑚 𝑣𝑥 Perpendicularmente al campo, 𝑣𝑥 = 𝐶𝑡𝑒; (𝑀𝑅𝑈) 𝑥 = 𝑣𝑥 𝑡

𝑣𝑜𝑦 = 0 𝑀𝑅𝑈 (𝑣𝑥 = 𝐶𝑡𝑒)
1 2
𝑦 = − 𝑔𝑡 1
2
𝑦

𝑔Ԧ = 𝐶𝑡𝑒 Paralelamente al campo, a = g = Cte : (MRUA) 𝑣𝑓 = −𝑔𝑡 2

𝑣𝑓 2 = −2𝑔𝑦 3
Movimiento parabólico
𝑣𝑦 = 0 𝑔Ԧ = 𝐶𝑡𝑒 1
𝑦 = (𝑣0 𝑠𝑒𝑛∅)𝑡 − 𝑔𝑡 2 1
2

𝑣Ԧ0 𝑦𝑚á𝑥 Paralelamente al campo, 2

𝑣0𝑦 = 𝑣0 𝑠𝑒𝑛∅ 𝑣𝑓𝑦 = 𝑣0 𝑠𝑒𝑛∅ − 𝑔𝑡
a = g = Cte : (MRUA)
𝑚 ∅ 𝑦=0
𝑣𝑥 = 𝑣0 𝑐𝑜𝑠∅ 𝑣𝑓𝑦 2 = (𝑣0 𝑠𝑒𝑛∅)2 − 2𝑔𝑦 3
𝑣0 𝑡 = 𝑡𝑉
𝑀𝑅𝑈 (𝑣𝑥 = 𝐶𝑡𝑒)
𝑥𝑚á𝑥
𝑡 = 𝑡𝑉
 De 1 , cuando y = 0: t = tV De 2 , cuando 𝑣𝑓 = 0: t = tS De 3 , cuando 𝑣𝑦 = 0: 𝑦 = 𝑦𝑚á𝑥
1
0 = (𝑣0 𝑠𝑒𝑛∅)𝑡𝑉 − 𝑔𝑡𝑉2 0 = 𝑣0 𝑠𝑒𝑛∅ − 𝑔𝑡𝑠
0 = (𝑣0 𝑠𝑒𝑛∅)2 − 2𝑔𝑦𝑚á𝑥
2
1 2
𝑔𝑡 = (𝑣0 𝑠𝑒𝑛∅)𝑡𝑉 𝑔𝑡𝑠 = 𝑣0 𝑠𝑒𝑛∅
2 𝑉 2𝑔𝑦𝑚á𝑥 = (𝑣0 𝑠𝑒𝑛∅)2

2𝑣0 𝑠𝑒𝑛∅ 𝑣0 𝑠𝑒𝑛∅ (𝑣0 𝑠𝑒𝑛∅)2

𝑡𝑉 = 𝑡𝑠 = 𝑡𝑠 = 𝑡𝑏 𝑦𝑚á𝑥 =
𝑔 𝑔 2𝑔

Perpendicularmente al campo, 𝑣𝑥 = 𝐶𝑡𝑒; (𝑀𝑅𝑈) 𝐶𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑡 = 𝑡𝑉 : 𝑥 = 𝑥𝑀á𝑥

𝑥 = 𝑣𝑥 𝑡 𝑥𝑀á𝑥 = 𝑣0 𝑡𝑉 𝑐𝑜𝑠∅

𝑥 = (𝑣0 𝑐𝑜𝑠∅)𝑡 2𝑣0 𝑠𝑒𝑛∅

𝑥𝑀á𝑥 = 𝑣0 𝑐𝑜𝑠∅
𝑔
𝑣02 2𝑠𝑒𝑛∅𝑐𝑜𝑠∅ 2𝑠𝑒𝑛∅𝑐𝑜𝑠∅ = 𝑠𝑒𝑛2∅
𝑥 = 𝑣0 𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑠∅ 𝑥𝑀á𝑥 =
𝑔
𝑣0 2 𝑠𝑒𝑛2∅
𝑥𝑚á𝑥 =
𝑔
 “Caída libre”
𝑚 “Lanzamiento vertical” 1 2
𝐹 𝑣=0 𝑦 = 𝑣0 𝑡 − 𝑎𝑡 1
𝐸= 𝑞 + 𝑣0 2
𝑞
𝐹𝑒 = 𝑞𝐸
𝐹 = 𝑞𝐸

𝑚𝑎 = 𝑞𝐸 𝑣𝑓 = 𝑣0 − 𝑎𝑡
𝑦 𝐸 = 𝐶𝑡𝑒 2
𝑎≠𝑔
𝑞𝐸
𝑎= 𝑎≫𝑔
𝑚 𝑣𝑓 2 = 𝑣0 2 − 2𝑎𝑦 3
𝑣0
𝑣𝑓
𝑞+
De 1 , cuando y = 0: t = tV De 2 , cuando 𝑣𝑓 = 0: t = tS De 3 , cuando 𝑣𝑓 = 0: 𝑦 = 𝑦𝑚á𝑥
1 2 0 = 𝑣0 − 𝑎𝑡𝑠
0 = 𝑣0 𝑡𝑉 − 𝑎𝑡𝑉 0 = 𝑣0 2 − 2𝑎𝑦𝑚á𝑥
2
1 2 𝑎𝑡𝑠 = 𝑣0
𝑎𝑡 = 𝑣0 𝑡𝑉 2𝑎𝑦𝑚á𝑥 = 𝑣0 2
2 𝑉
𝑣0
2𝑣0 𝑡𝑠 = 𝑣0 2
𝑡𝑉 = 𝑎 𝑦𝑚á𝑥 =
𝑎 2𝑎
𝑡𝑠 = 𝑡𝑏
 “Movimiento semiparabólico”
+
𝑚 𝑞 𝑣𝑥
𝑣𝑜𝑦 = 0
Perpendicularmente al campo, 𝑣𝑥 = 𝐶𝑡𝑒; (𝑀𝑅𝑈) 𝑥 = 𝑣𝑥 𝑡

𝑞𝐸 1
𝑎=
𝑚 𝑦 = − 𝑎𝑡 2 1
2
𝑦

𝐸 = 𝐶𝑡𝑒 Paralelamente al campo, a = Cte : (MRUA) 𝑣𝑓 = −𝑎𝑡 2

𝑣𝑓 2 = −2𝑎𝑦 3
“Movimiento parabólico”
1 2
𝑦 = (𝑣0 𝑠𝑒𝑛∅)𝑡 − 𝑎𝑡 1
𝑞𝐸 𝐸 = 𝐶𝑡𝑒 2
𝑎=
𝑚
𝑣Ԧ0 𝑦𝑚á𝑥
𝑣0𝑦 = 𝑣0 𝑠𝑒𝑛∅ Paralelamente al campo,
𝑚 a = Cte : (MRUA) 𝑣𝑓 = 𝑣0 𝑠𝑒𝑛∅ − 𝑎𝑡 2
𝑞 + 𝑣0𝑥 = 𝑣0 𝑐𝑜𝑠∅ 𝑣0
𝑀𝑅𝑈 (𝑣𝑥 = 𝐶𝑡𝑒)
𝑥𝑚á𝑥 𝑣𝑓 2 = (𝑣0 𝑠𝑒𝑛∅)2 − 2𝑎𝑦 3
De 1 , cuando y = 0: t = tV De 2 , cuando 𝑣𝑓 = 0: t = tS De 3 , cuando 𝑣𝑓 = 0: 𝑦 = 𝑦𝑚á𝑥

1 2 0 = 𝑣0 𝑠𝑒𝑛∅ − 𝑎𝑡𝑠 0 = (𝑣0 𝑠𝑒𝑛∅)2 − 2𝑎𝑦𝑚á𝑥

0 = (𝑣0 𝑠𝑒𝑛∅)𝑡𝑉 − 𝑎𝑡𝑉
2
1 2 𝑎𝑡𝑠 = 𝑣0 𝑠𝑒𝑛∅ 2𝑎𝑦𝑚á𝑥 = (𝑣0 𝑠𝑒𝑛∅)2
𝑎𝑡 = (𝑣0 𝑠𝑒𝑛∅)𝑡𝑉
2 𝑉
𝑣0 𝑠𝑒𝑛∅ (𝑣0 𝑠𝑒𝑛∅)2
2𝑣0 𝑠𝑒𝑛∅ 𝑡𝑠 = 𝑦𝑚á𝑥 =
𝑡𝑉 = 𝑎 2𝑎
𝑎
𝑡𝑠 = 𝑡𝑏

Perpendicularmente al campo, 𝑣𝑥 = 𝐶𝑡𝑒; (𝑀𝑅𝑈) 𝐶𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑡 = 𝑡𝑉 : 𝑥 = 𝑥𝑀á𝑥

𝑥 = 𝑣𝑥 𝑡 𝑥𝑀á𝑥 = 𝑣0 𝑡𝑉 𝑐𝑜𝑠∅

𝑥 = (𝑣0 𝑐𝑜𝑠∅)𝑡 2𝑣0 𝑠𝑒𝑛∅

𝑥𝑀á𝑥 = 𝑣0 𝑐𝑜𝑠∅
𝑎 𝑉
2
𝑣0 2𝑠𝑒𝑛∅𝑐𝑜𝑠∅ 2𝑠𝑒𝑛∅𝑐𝑜𝑠∅ = 𝑠𝑒𝑛2∅
𝑥 = 𝑣0 𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑠∅ 𝑥𝑀á𝑥 =
𝑎
𝑣0 2 𝑠𝑒𝑛2∅
𝑥𝑚á𝑥 =
𝑎
 EXPERIMENTO DE MILLIKAN

𝐹𝑒 = 𝑞𝐸 𝐹𝑒 = 𝑞𝐸 𝐹𝑒 = 𝑞𝐸

− −
− ෍ 𝐹𝑦 = 0
− − − −
𝐸 = 𝐶𝑡𝑒 −−
− − − −
𝑞𝐸 − 𝑚𝑔 = 0

𝐹𝑔 = 𝑚𝑔 𝐹𝑔 = 𝑚𝑔 𝐹𝑔 = 𝑚𝑔 𝑞𝐸 = 𝑚𝑔

∆𝑞 = 𝑞2 − 𝑞1 = 8,204 − 6,563 ∙ 10−19 = 1,64 ∙ 10−19 = 𝑞𝑚í𝑛 = 𝑒

∆𝑞 = 𝑞3 − 𝑞2 = 11,50 − 8,204 ∙ 10−19 = 3,296 ∙ 10−19 = 2𝑒

∙
∙
∙

∆𝑞 = 𝑞9 − 𝑞8 = 26,13 − 22,89 ∙ 10−19 = 3,24 ∙ 10−19 = 2𝑒