INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL Digital & Analog Comm.

Systems
(United States Edition) 8th Edition, L. W. Couch, II

Chapter 1

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[ 1-2 J U.rin, (1-/), d. ~

d,= f;J;; =i :l,(r ODD) ~ oil-~ (2.. ~"1. E.\"f I., ~ . ~ ').

d,+~'1.-= SS~·"e.s ~ PCIl>OO) i- V'J,.~~ -::. S51tt,/es

~ h1 =(56 - .r- ('l»b»~ ::: S 2. H+

( htre ) =d
'1. 1..
t t"e
."

:J h7.,p .hre = d"'J- kJ~~'{' 1, ~<. re

~d~2ht'~ ~hd re.:t('J~DIli,k;): 5"2.BDM,7es
Ld· J..::: cnde-"4 At'-ltkf l:r fe.l) atvl d ti, ";,{(S.
~ J2. (lIIlles)~ 2,,1, ~;;~ (.s-ll3()N~/e.r)
~cr- -= 1.~ or .d =Vff:

2. d =- :; 0 ni.J~ =. 2 {2h =; t[- (1 It): (& ())2..

~ I-.-=- (3o)YB =. 112. --=-~o:::oo!.oIl_

11 -5 la :::th =12 ~DO) =N.I'!", ,(2.." :J. 4 ... h ['1-) :: 1.83 "'I'/~
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J-.

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~ I Ip<jJl} ~ JD~('f} "9 1= :~:r.f =- ID~1. (K)
1

 INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL Digital & Analog Comm. Systems

(United States Edition) 8th Edition, L. W. Couch, II

LET p--The probability for sending a binary 1, then the probability for
sending a binary 0 is (l-p). From the entropy formula for H(p), we can draw
the figure of R(p) ,and from this figure , we can find the maximum entropy
and the p.
R(p)=(p*ln(P)+(1-p)*ln(1-p»j(-ln(2»
k
k := 0 •• 50 P := - HMAX := 1
k 50
-1
h :=-­
k In(2)

h ,HMAX I------+-----:=--+----=====--+------i
k

o
o P 1
k
From the .above figure, we know the maximum entropy is 1 where the
probability for sending 1 or 0 is 0.5.
INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL Digital & Analog Comm. Systems
(United States Edition) 8th Edition, L. W. Couch, II

·\1-10 P I
::- o.L5 .
)
~l..:: ~~ ~ 0,15 . )

f 'f = ~ 5 "- P~ :.?) "Pg =- PC[ = D, 0 /

o. L 5" + 2 (O./S-) -I- cD (a. 0)) = 0 • cr I

/0

:. ~
'0 :::. t).os ~;""te
j
2. p.~
~ I
== ',0
~ to
H = 2 p. ~~ ~ (t\ ~ [~J
'-, 11
2 p, ~ f· J .)) J j
j- ..t:Ao'L ";'::'1

=[i-I"L] [. L 5 .Lv. , ?. <; + Ll ) , ,,,. fr- ,/S­

+(<0) ,oi t.,.. ,Of + .o~ Jr. ,o"l, ]

H ::: S, 0 g 4- b,'+~

I 1-11 ~ ,) ?, = 0, ~ • P?:: 0 , '7

D,3bo.s +O,(~O,I
_~ L
H = o. gg I bl'ts

(h,) f! IIW>.x (oJ- P; = ~ = ~ = 0 S .i ~ I, 1M

II oM'" j. =- - L ( 6.5) J,.,.. 6," " 1 b,,' f "fI""c.'f-

b"L
1
1 - 12 I M ~ /0 ~, :: -L
) 10
'=:..
.)
l lo
t

H = - I() (. J) ~ .I =- ~ . ~ (2.. h ;ts

)ML

T~ li- :: S,5LL ~;+~ :; /,11 Sft, ::.T

f!... 3 lA.; +~ 1st. c.
3
 INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL Digital & Analog Comm. Systems
(United States Edition) 8th Edition, L. W. Couch, II

11 -13 I,~ LI~;r .,(11;-& /w...I 1>1=2.'1- ) ~ =~);r ~ ~ i e,,~fl j=t Jt

U.. ~ 1J I,,~
-/'71..
=- f2"[ Ii} I] /11 (1)'1 -/- 3(t/'j 3(1)/1] yl

- 1¥1l...
C~ecJ;. t' P: ~ l'l[ U/~ J{i.F~
=9 J-J::. 1/. BII> Ms oJ"l i '=- 2. U ( ti(tJ'~:: /. 0

1
1 - 14 I B -" 3~o U-z t~ )"8 "3tlJ B
c= ~ Jp~l.[l-l~)] ~ /;1. /11 [if ~j
(sIAlMB 3
*~)J8/b I.,j-fr)
-q- iJ:: I D J~ (D':: II> Db :::.

c.. =I:I>~ l~ [lDllQ - 1. 'l'1~ Ii)~

;

1-15 1

(a) chars := 110 Number of characters available

log (chars) ]
b := ceil Number of bits required to represent a character
[ log(2)
====> b = 7 bits

(b) B:= 3200 Hz Channel bandwidth

SNRdB := 20 dB Signal to noise ratio

SNRdB

10
SNR :;:;:: 10 ==;~===> SNR = 100 (Absolute power ratio)
4
C := B. [log (1 + SNR)] ==> C = 2.131·10 Channel capacity (bits/sec)
log(2)
C 3
C :::::: ­ ===> C = 3.044 10 Channel capacity (chars/sec)
b

(c) Assuming equally likely characters,

information content of each character is:

1
P := - - - - - Probability of each character
chars

log[~]
1;=-­ =========> I = 6.781 bits
109(2)

4
INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL Digital & Analog Comm. Systems
(United States Edition) 8th Edition, L. W. Couch, II

1 1 -16 I R (S ) [()~ 1-' (I + J D~o/I~ )

:. EI~ It i1 ::. 'B J ,,~ /. t1.) :: 'B ~Jt,'l4 q)
(a) ~ J:Lt)O-3DlY~ crbD ~ R'::.(qOQ) (t4l/i/f) :: 13.1-5 k~/fJ"fr
(6] B::. 31t)~ -U;on-='/7oo:1 R:::.V7tJ~(j~91-q) '= 7-5~ 'H kl;cfs!r
(c) :B-=- 32. DO'" jDe>=' 2'tbTJ ~ ~~ (;l9~ (I'f. 9'f-Jl)=- ~3. 35~ki!J.!r
[i--17=-J Ur\c.oJ~J Jt4+o. 1~ ~ t; ~ sL;ff. re1lsto­

l!ti,ff' ,~ 1 b~-h ~t "-h ~) .......,.--L..-,~-r--.L,--J.;,--L.-r-l

COd~J :l~t~ o~t

. . (S~/ff ()lfi- ~ ~',Is 4t (,. 1i;"e.)

1-18 ]r, f sf,,(j Y(3,rrey

x .- 1 x .- 0 x .- 1 x .- 1 x .- 1 Input vector

0 1 2 3 4

ga .- 1 ga .- 0 ga .- 0 ga .- 1 Gain vector, mod2 adder

0 1 2 3

gb .- 1 gb .- 1 gb .- 1 gb .- 1 Gain vector, mod2 adder

0 1 2 3

k := 0 .. length(ga) - 2
v := 0 k : = 0 .. length (x) - 1 v := X
k k+length(ga)-l k
k := length (x) + length (ga) - 1 .. length{x) + 2 length (ga) - 3
v : = 0 i : = 0 .. length (v) - length (ga)

k j := 0 .. length (ga) - 1

sa
i

sb
i
:= V
~
[9b length(gb)-j-l v
j+i
]

sb s := sa s := sb
i 2 i i 2 i+1 i

i := 0 .. 2 length (x) - 1
out := S
i i

For xT = (I 0 1 1 1)
====> out T = (1 1 0 1 1 0 0 Ill)