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TP - 5562e - July 2013 - Navigation Cadet Training Program
TP - 5562e - July 2013 - Navigation Cadet Training Program
(07/2013)
© Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, as represented by the Minister of Transport, 2013.
Permission is granted, by Transport Canada, to copy this TP 5562E as required. While use of
this material has been authorized, Transport Canada shall not be responsible for the manner in which the
information is presented, nor for any interpretations thereof. This TP 5562E may not be updated to reflect
amendments made to the original content. For up-to-date information, contact Transport Canada.
TP 5562E
(07/2013)
NAUTICAL CADET TRAINING PROGRAM TP 5562 E
PAGE 3 OF 164
DOCUMENT INFORMATION
Title Nautical Cadet Training Program
TP No. 5562E Revision 1 RDIMS # 4294605
Catalogue No. ISBN/ISSN
Originator Marine Personnel Standards, Telephone 613-991-3120
Pilotage and Medicine (AMSP) Fax
Tower C, Place de Ville 613-990-1538
330 Sparks St., 8th floor E-mail MarineSafety@tc.gc.ca
Ottawa, ON URL http://www.tc.gc.ca/MarineSafety
K1A 0N9
REVISIONS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. GENERAL .......................................................................................................... 6
1. GENERAL
1.1 PURPOSE
1) This document is intended for the guidance of Recognized Institutions wishing to
institute a post-secondary course in marine technology – nautical science, leading
to examinations pursuant to the Marine Personnel Regulations (MPR).
2) The purpose of the Navigation Cadet Training Program is to assist the marine
colleges, as well as Recognized Institutions, and their teaching staff in organizing
and introducing new training courses, enhancing, up-dating or supplementing
existing training material, where the quality and effectiveness of the training
courses may thereby be improved in order to meet international requirements
described in the International Maritime Organization (IMO) Model course
No. 7.03 – Officer in Charge of a Navigational Watch.
3) This document is to provide information to marine schools and colleges outlining
the requirements of the program, before approval can be granted by Marine Safety
and Security
1.3 AUTHORITY
1) The Marine Personnel Regulations (SOR/2007-115), made pursuant to the Canada
Shipping Act, 2001 (2001, c. 26).
2) As Canada is party to the Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping
(STCW) Convention, Transport Canada Marine Safety and Security is required
under Regulation I/8 - Quality Standards to institute a Quality Management System
in all training, assessment of competence, and issuance and revalidation activities
with respect to the certification of marine personnel.
3) Responsibilities within Marine Safety and Security as they relate specifically to the
functions of training and certification of seafarers in Canada, are laid out in the
Quality Management Manual, section QMS-INF-01, Organizational Chart and
described in section 1.1 of this publication.
4) The audit and approval of schools, personnel and marine training courses is defined
in the standards of Quality Management Manual Marine Personnel Standards and
Pilotage, which is incorporated by reference in
a) Paragraph 35(1) (d) of the Canada Shipping Act, 2001.
b) Section 114 of the Marine Personnel Regulations.
c) TP 2293 - The Examination and Certification of Seafarers.
NAUTICAL CADET TRAINING PROGRAM TP 5562 E
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1.4 DEFINITIONS
1) Training Certificate has the same meaning as in the Marine Personnel Regulations.
2) Graduation Diploma means the document issued by a Recognized Institution on
successful completion of a full program of study.
3) Approved Training Course and Approved Training Program have the same
meaning as in the Marine Personnel Regulations.
4) Recognized Institution has the same meaning as in the Marine Personnel
Regulations.
5) The Director refers to the Director, Marine Personnel Standards, Pilotage and
Medicine.
1.5 RESPONSIBILITIES
1) Transport Canada Marine Safety and Security
The responsibility of Transport Canada Marine Safety and Security is to ensure that
ships' officers are competent to perform their shipboard duties in order to ensure
the safety of navigation, the protection of life, property, and the marine
environment.
The Director General, Marine Safety and Security is responsible for reporting to the
International Maritime Organization (IMO) on the status of the Quality
Management System in accordance with the requirements of Regulation I/8 of the
STCW Convention.
6) Recognized Institutions
Part A provides the framework for the course with its aims and objectives
and notes on the suggested teaching facilities and equipment.
Part B provides an outline of lectures, demonstrations and exercises for the
course.
Part C provides the detailed teaching syllabus based on the theoretical and
practical knowledge specified in the STCW Code.
a) Qualifications of instructors;
b) Qualifications of supervisors and assessors;
c) In-service training;
d) Assessment of competence; and
e) Training and assessment within an institution.
a) Following the provisional approval, at a time agreed upon by TCMSS and the
Institution an examiner/auditor will visit the Institution in order to carry out a
detailed evaluation of the course or program.
b) The assessment will be carried out during delivery of the course at the
Institution so that course presentation can be observed and the administration
and delivery process for the course can be evaluated. If the course is in
accordance with the Marine Personnel Regulations, formal approval will be
given via letter from the Director or designated representative.
NAUTICAL CADET TRAINING PROGRAM TP 5562 E
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a) Qualifications
i. The learning activity must be delivered by an instructor who is suitably
qualified and experienced in nautical subjects. The instructor at the
watchkeeping mate level must hold at least a Chief Mate, Near Coastal or
Master, Near Coastal Certificate of Competency or equivalent. The
instructor at the Chief Mate level must hold at least a Master, Near
Coastal or Master Mariner Certificate of Competency or equivalent. The
instructor is to be familiar with the present TP and approval documents
and process. For courses that are not marine-related, the qualifications
and experience of the instructor must be related to the subject being
taught, and will be assessed in accordance with applicable program
standards.
ii. In the case of specialized marine training courses (Marine Emergency
Duty, Simulated Electronic Navigation, Tanker Safety, Passenger Safety
etc.) the main course instructor, in addition to holding qualifications for
teaching, must have undergone training as an assistant instructor for two
courses and must then have taught a third course under the supervision of
a main course instructor. A testimonial of training for all instructors
signed by the main instructor will be required by TCMSS.
b) Experience and Teaching Qualifications
i. All instructors must have experience in course and curriculum
development or have attended a course on this subject. Program or
course instructors must hold teaching qualifications incorporating
training in instructional techniques, educational technology and
evaluation methods. These qualifications may be obtained in one of the
following ways:
a) through a federal government department in Canada, or an
overseas government which operates a recognized teacher
training program;
b) through a provincially accredited post-secondary education
institution in Canada; or
c) through a firm in Canada which is recognized by a provincial
government or by the federal government, and which is engaged
in providing education and training or educational technology
consulting services.
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5) The Institution will ensure that the audit team is granted full access to its facilities
and to the items referred to in (4), and that a person is designated to assist the audit
team with such access at all times during the audit.
- The passing grade for the part of the communications examination, level 2
that evaluates knowledge and skills with respect to sending and receiving the
distress signal “SOS” by flashing light is 100 per cent. With respect with the
ability to identify Morse symbols for the alphabet and numerals and the
listing of the single letter signals which may be sounded only in compliance
with the requirements of the International Regulations for preventing
Collisions at sea, the passing grade is 90 per cent.
- The overall passing mark will be of 70% for each specialized training course.
3) If the Institution determines that the nature of the subject requires a higher passing
mark than that specified in subsection (2), or requires a specific frequency of
attendance, this must be clearly stated in the course description. The instructor of
each course must keep attendance and evaluation records.
2) During practical sessions and group activities, there will be additional restraints on
class size. Where applicable, a recommendation on class size is contained in the
frameworks for each of the individual functions.
1.20 ATTENDANCE
The Institution must enunciate and enforce a clear policy on student attendance at classes.
Students must have a minimum of 90% of attendance. Records of attendance must be
maintained.
7) At the end of the allotted time, instructors are to gather all questionnaires and
answer papers, including any working papers.
8) Instructors are to ensure that students sitting an examination have clearly marked
each answer sheet with their name, the question number and any other details
required, in such a way as to avoid any possible confusion with respect to the
identification of answer sheets.
1.24 TEXTBOOKS
1) References to textbooks are made in the IMO Model courses of the individual
subjects to aid both, instructor and trainees, in finding relevant information and to
help in defining the scope and depth of treatment intended.
2) The mention of a particular textbook does not imply that it is essential to use that
book only that it appeared to be best suited to the course at the time of its design.
In many instances, there are a number of suitable books, and instructors are free to
use the best material or the most suited to their circumstances and trainees.
3) New editions of books and teaching material are constantly being produced;
therefore, instructors should always use the latest edition for preparing and running
their courses. Full use should be made of technical papers and other publications
available, such as Transport Publications (TP’s) and other publications from
maritime or other professional organizations. Such papers contain new
developments in techniques, equipment, design, management and opinion and are
an invaluable asset to a maritime training establishment.
b) the student may attempt the Bridge Watch Rating certificate of competency
after completion with success of the content of TP 10936 – Bridge Watch
Rating training course, providing the student has completed at least two
months of sea service performing deck duties involving the performance of
functions and duties with navigational watchkeeping including steering duties
carried out under the direct supervision of the master, the officer of the
navigational watch or a qualified rating on board one or more vessels of at
least 150 gross tonnage while the vessels are engaged on voyages other than
sheltered waters and has completed the on board training record book for
ratings forming part of a navigational watch. In order to obtain the certificate
of competency, the cadet is also to meet all requirements of section 171 of the
Marine Personnel Regulations.
c) the sea service for the Watchkeeping Mate certificate should be in three
phases - during the first phase, the student should become familiar with
shipboard routine and the duties and skills of a seaman; during the second
phase, he/she should become familiar with the duties of the watchkeeper; and
during the third phase, he/she should actively assist the officer of the watch in
watchkeeping duties on the bridge and on deck
d) The three-year program described above will allow the student to graduate
with a Watchkeeping Mate Certificate of Competency with some higher-level
credits, a few certificates of proficiency and/or endorsements.
e) Individual colleges may opt for programs of longer duration with sea service
and college training and education culminating at the Chief Mate level.
f) TCMSS will assess each program individually.
g) The arrangement for completion of the sea service should be mutually
arranged between college and the marine industry ensuring that a minimum
of twelve months sea service is spent on board one or more vessels of at least
150 gross tonnage while the vessels are engaged on voyages beyond sheltered
waters.
3) Table 1A of section 1.29 and Table 2A of section 1.30 contain the mandatory
subjects and training courses that are to be part of the nautical cadet training
program.
4) Table 1B of section 1.29 and Table 2B of section 1.30 are optional subjects and
training courses culminating at the Chief Mate level that a college may opt to
introduce in their Nautical Cadet Training Program. It is at the discretion of the
individual college.
5) (5) Table 2A and 2B of section 1.30 provide a list of training courses leading to
training certificates required for specific certificates or endorsements.
NAUTICAL CADET TRAINING PROGRAM TP 5562 E
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TABLE 1B
Optional3
Subject Hours TCEC2
Credit
OPTIONAL ACADEMIC SUBJECTS:
Electronics 40
OPTIONAL MARINE TECHNICAL SUBJECTS AT THE MANAGEMENT LEVEL:
Navigation Systems and Instruments 90 NS & I
Meteorology, level 2 50 MET 2
Cargo, level 3 100 CG 3
Ship Management, level 3 90 SM 3
Engineering Knowledge, level 2 100 EK 2
Total: 470
_____________________________________
TABLE 2A
Mandatory
TRAINING COURSES Hours Optional TCMSSA* Reference
Courses
MANDATORY SPECIALIZED TRAINING COURSES, AT THE
OPERATIONAL LEVEL:
MED with respect to STCW Basic Safety 43 MED BST TP 4957
MED with respect to Survival Craft and Rescue Boats Other Than Fast 28 MED SC TP 4957
Rescue Boats
MED in Advanced Fire Fighting 35 MED AFF TP 4957
Restricted Operator Certificate - MC 24 ROC-MC RIC-25 Industry Canada
Simulated Electronic Navigation, Leadership and Teamwork Skills 120 SEN - LTS TP 4958
Electronic Chart Display and Information Systems (ECDIS) 40 ECDIS TP 4958
Marine Advanced First Aid 35 MAFA TP 13008
Total: 325
TABLE 2B
Mandatory
Subject Hours Optional TCMSSA* Reference
Courses
OPTIONAL SPECIALIZED TRAINING COURSES :
Steering Variable Steering
Oil and Chemical Tanker Familiarization 60 OCTF TP 8129
Specialized Oil Tanker Training 55 OT2 TP 8129
Simulated Electronic Navigation, Leadership and Managerial Skill 125 SEN-LMS TP 4958
Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS) 70 GMDSS RIC-25 Industry Canada
Marine Medical Care 51 MMC TP 13008
Bridge Resource Management 30 BRM TP 13117
Total: 391
Note 1: Sea service acquired in a position other than as a cadet (prospective officer)
will not be recognized for the twelve months sea service required under an
approved nautical cadet training program except:
Note 2: Sea service to be acquired on board vessels of at least 150 gross tonnage
while the vessels are engaged on voyages beyond sheltered waters
voyages.
2) The use of a Training Record Book is to ensure that the cadet undergoes
training in areas, which are essential to navigation safety and the efficient
operation of the ship. There is no restriction on colleges setting additional
assignments to be undertaken during the sea service - particularly in areas
of specialized operation such as the Coast Guard. The administration of
additional assignments would fall to the individual college, but will also
be included for the examiner's assessment.
3) If a cadet was not able to accomplish certain tasks as described in the
training record book during his/her sea phase, the college must give
assignments on those particular tasks to the cadet to ensure the cadet has
acquired the knowledge on the subject. These assignments are to be
included for the examiner’s assessment.
4) A Record Book must be maintained by each student and this will be
inspected by the institution’s Cadet Program coordinator after each
service period, and endorsed by the institution before the student makes
application for the examinations for the Watchkeeping Mate certificate.
The examiner of Masters and Mates shall inspect the record book and
assignments at the time of assessment of qualifying service. The purpose
of such inspection is to ensure that the student has complied with its
training requirements and has made optimum use of his sea service.
1.37 REFERENCES
1) The STCW Convention and the following TPs are applicable for the
approval of courses and programs:
a) TP 2293 The Examination and Certification of Seafarers.
b) TP 4957 Marine Emergency Duties Training Courses.
c) TP 4958 Simulated Electronic Navigation Courses.
d) TP 5562 Nautical Cadet Training Program.
e) TP 8129 Tanker Safety, Crude Oil Washing and Inert Gas, and
Supervisor of Transfer Operations Training Courses.
f) TP 10655 Recognized Establishments and Approved Training
Courses.
NAUTICAL CADET TRAINING PROGRAM TP 5562 E
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2.1.1 MATHEMATICS
1. General physics:
.1 Mass, weight and force
.2 Distance, velocity and acceleration
.3 Circular motion and rotation
.4 Statics
.5 Work, energy and power
.6 Machines
.7 Density
.8 Fluids
.9 Principle of Archi medes and flotation
2. Heat:
.1 Temperature
.2 Expansion of solids and liquids
.3 Gases
.4 Transmission of heat
.5 Change of state
.6 Vapours
.7 Refrigeration
a) single-letter signals;
b) two letter signals;
c) three-letter signals beginning with “M” for the Medical
Section
Ability to determine the ship’s Position lines and position fixing (cont’d…)
position by use of: landmarks;
aids to navigation, including Ability to plot a position on the chart from
lighthouses, beacons and buoys; simultaneous cross bearings and from a bearing and
dead reckoning, taking into distance off; Methods used to obtain simultaneous cross
account winds, tides, currents bearings with least error; Definition of dead reckoning
and estimated speed position (DR), estimated position (EP) and fixed
position; Ability to plot a dead reckoning position on
the chart and marks accordingly; Ability to plot an
estimated position on the chart and marks accordingly;
Ability to plot position lines – straight line, circle,
hyperbola; Ability to find a position line by bearing,
horizontal angle, vertical sextant angle and transit line;
Ability to determine a position by a combination of
bearing distance and the methods in the above
objective; Ability to find a position by simultaneous
bearings of two objects; Ability to find the distance that
the ship will pass off a given point when abeam;
Ability to construct a position line to clear a
navigational danger by a given distance.
Courses and distances
Definition of course and distance; Ability to convert
true courses laid-off to magnetic courses, including
determination of variation at any place; conversion of
true courses to gyro, magnetic and compass courses and
vice versa; determining the up-to-date value of
variation and interpolating for variation at a given
locality from isogonic lines or compass roses; use of
transit lines, azimuth and amplitude to determine
compass error; Ability to lay off true course between
two positions and mark with appropriate symbol;
Approximate polar and equatorial circumferences of
the earth; Ability to find the distance between two
positions; Knowledge of distance measurement on
nautical char; Ability to measure the distance between
two positions on a Mercator Chart based on the latitude
of the two positions.
Effect of wind and current
Ability to calculate the speed between two positions;
Definition of set, rates, drift and leeway due to wind;
Describe ship’s speed, effective speed, course and
distance made good, applied leeway; The allowing for
effects of wind and tide; the problem of combining
vectors of wind, current, tidal effect and course to steer
to arrive at course made good;
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Tide tables
Ability to calculate tides and heights and low water at
reference and secondary ports, and the calculation of depth
of water at those times; Use of the calculated depth of
water at high and low water to determine the height of
water at a given charted position; Ability to determine the
predicted time for a given tide level; Ability to estimate set
and rate of tidal currents by reference to tidal current
tables and by actual observation; The tentative nature of
tabulated tidal current values and the need for caution in
using them; The use of tidal stream charts; The zero level
of the charts.
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Ability to navigate in confined Altering course; transits; leading marks and bearings;
waters Recording the vessel’s progress; Making allowance for
height of tide; Preparatory details to be attended to in
entering confined waters (e.g. a review of the relevant
sections of the sailing directions, ready availability of
large-scale charts of the area with proposed track drawn to
indicate distances, courses and near dangers noted);
Navigational aids with their characteristics to be
identified, clearing lines, marks and bearings to be used
during the passage to be drawn in, pre-calculation of tidal
heights where critical depths of water may be encountered;
The maintenance of a record of the vessel’s progress on
both charts in logbook, including times of passing
successive points, course’s compass error, speed, weather;
NAUTICAL CADET TRAINING PROGRAM TP 5562 E
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Thorough knowledge of the Knowledge and application of the content and intent of the
content application and intent Collision Regulations with Canadian Modifications as
of the International amended from time to time, including distress signals.
Regulations for Preventing
Collisions at Sea with
Canadian Modifications 1983
Atmospheric pressure
Wind
Knowledge of the
characteristics of the various Definition of wind; The Beaufort scale of wind force; The
weather systems, reporting pressure gradient force; The coriolis force; The surface
procedures and recording wind circulation around high and low pressure centres;
system Ability to insert surface wind directions on a map showing
pressure distribution and indicate relative wind speeds at
various places within the pressure field; Buys-Ballot’s
law; The method of estimating the strength of the wind
and direction from the appearance of the sea surface, using
the Beaufort wind scale; The factors, other than the wind
speed, which affect the appearance of the sea surface; The
difference between apparent and true wind; Ability to
determine the true wind velocity by using a vector
diagram, given the apparent wind and the ship’s course
and speed; The method of estimating the wind direction
from the appearance of the sea surface; The use of a
geostrophic wind scale.
Cloud and precipitation
How does clouds form; What does a cloud can consist of;
The need for and the definition of condensation nuclei;
Ability to name and describe the ten basic cloud types;
The probable base heights of the ten principal cloud types;
Definition of precipitation, rain, drizzle, hail, snow and
sleet; Theory of formation of thunderstorms and
lightnings; Associated clouds, conditions within the
clouds; Times, seasons and localities of occurrence.
Visibility
Definition of fog, mist, haze; Ability to apply the concept
of processes leading to supersaturation to a classification
of fogs as mixing, cooling or evaporation fogs; The
formation of radiation fog, mentioning areas, seasons and
reasons for its dispersal; The effect of pollution on the
formation of radiation fog; The formation of advection
fog; The conditions leading to the formation of sea smoke,
and typical areas where sea smoke may be encountered;
Methods of estimating the visibility at sea, by day and by
night, and the difficulties involved.
NAUTICAL CADET TRAINING PROGRAM TP 5562 E
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Knowledge of the The wind and pressure systems over the oceans
characteristics of the various
weather systems, reporting Ability to sketch the circulation cells which would exist on
procedures and recording a rotating earth, not inclined to its orbit of rotation around
system the sun, and with a homogeneous surface; Ability to draw
the mean surface pressure and wind distribution over the
earth’s surface in January and July; The characteristics and
location of the doldrums, intertropical convergence zone,
trade winds, sub-tropical oceanic highs, westerlies and
polar easterlies; Ability to describe a monsoon regime;
List of areas which experience a true monsoon regime;
The causes of monsoon regimes; Ability to apply previous
concepts to a qualitative explanation of the weather
associated with the January and July monsoons of the
Indian Ocean, China Sea, north coast of Australia and west
coast of Africa; Ability to explain the qualitatively the
monsoon-type weather along the north-east coast of Brazil;
Ability to apply the concept of horizontal temperature
differences to the explanation of the formation of land and
sea breezes; The formation of anabatic and katabatic
winds; List of regions of occurrence of anabatic and
katabatic winds; Examples of local winds.
Structure of depressions
Definition of air mass; The formation of air mass;
Definition of Source region; The characteristics required
of a source region; The source-region characteristics of
arctic, polar, tropical and equatorial air-mass types;
Definition of warm front and cold front; Recognize the
symbols for warm and cold fronts; With the aid of a
diagram, ability to describe the weather experienced
during the passage of an idealized warm front; With the
aid of a diagram, ability to describe the weather
experienced during the passage of an idealized cold front;
Definition of depression; Ability to identify a depression
on a surface synoptic or prognostic chart; The stages in the
life cycle of a polar front depression; Family of
depressions; Ability to draw a diagram of a polar front
depression, for both northern and southern hemispheres,
showing isobars, warm and cold fronts, with circulation
and warm sector; Ability to draw a cross-section through a
polar front depression, on the poleward and equatorial side
of the centre, showing fronts, cloud and precipitation
areas; The usual movement of a polar front depression;
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Weather routeing
The use of routeing
Basic routines of weather routeing ; The use of
climatological information from routeing charts and
sailing directions for route planning; how meteorological
forecasts, and synoptic and forecast charts are used to
modify the route plan to utilize favourable conditions and
mitigate adverse conditions .
tan = GG1
GM
Where GG1 is the transverse shift of G from the centre
line.
Anti-pollution procedures and Ability to describe the content and key points in a typical
all associated equipment shipboard oil pollution emergency plan (SOPEP); Basic
knowledge of anti-pollution equipment required by
MARPOL Convention and Canadian regulations; Basic
knowledge of Garbage management plans.
Knowledge of the pollution Basic knowledge of the content, application and ability to
prevention requirements as use the following Canadian Regulations:
contained in the Canadian
Regulations Vessel Pollution and Dangerous Chemicals Regulations;
Arctic Shipping Pollution Prevention Regulations;
Shipping Safety Control Zones Order.
Knowledge of the statutory requirements to report
pollution incidents as contained in the Pollutant Discharge
Reporting Regulations, 1995.
Ballast Water Control and Management Regulations
Basic working knowledge of Oil Record Book (Part I machinery space operations
the relevant IMO conventions and Part II – Cargo/Ballast operations) (cont`d…)
concerning safety of life at sea
and protection of the marine The various entries that needs to be made in the Oil record
environment book with respect to above for following operations:
a) for machinery space operations (all ships);
b) for cargo/ballast operations (oil tankers);
The entries required for accidental or other exceptional
discharge of oil.
Shipboard Oil Pollution Emergency Plan (SOPEP)
including Shipboard Marine Pollution Emergency
Plans (SMPEP) for oil and/or Noxious Liquid
Substances and Vessel Response Plan (VRP)
What is a Shipboard Oil Pollution Emergency Plan;
Content of a SOPEP; Which vessels must carry a SOPEP;
Guidelines for the Development of a Shipboard Oil
Pollution Emergency Plan; Link to IOPP certificate.
Shipboard Marne Pollution Emergency Plan (SMPEP)
Vessels required to carry a SMPE); Content of SMPEP.
Vessel Response Plan (VRP)
What is a Vessel Response Plan; Vessels required to carry
a VRP.
Overview of anti-pollution equipment, Sewage plant,
Incinerator, comminutor, ballast water treatment
plant
The operating procedures of anti-pollution equipment such
as: sewage plant, incinerator, communitor and ballast
water treatment plant.
Volatile Organic Compound (VOV) Management Plan,
Garbage Management System, Anti-fouling systems,
Ballast Water Management and their discharge
criteria
Volatile Organic Compound Management Plan
What is Volatile Organic Compounds; When VOC
emissions from the fuel/petroleum industry sources occur;
When VOC emissions from ships occurs; How to control
the emission; The aim of the VOC Management Plan.
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Basic working knowledge of Territorial Sea and the Contiguous Zone (cont`d…)
the relevant IMO conventions
concerning safety of life at sea The obligations during innocent passage in a territorial
and protection of the marine sea; The use of sea lanes and traffic separation schemes in
environment the territorial sea; The obligations of nuclear-powered
ships and ships carrying dangerous or noxious substances;
The additional rights of a coastal State regarding ships
proceeding to internal waters or calling at a port facility;
The charges which may be levied on ships passing through
a territorial sea; The criminal jurisdiction of a coastal State
on board foreign ship passing through the territorial sea;
The coastal State’s obligation to facilitate contact between
consular authority of the flag state and the ship’s crew
when taking measures to arrest a ship; The civil
jurisdiction of a coastal State on board a foreign vessel
passing through the territorial sea; The extent of the
contiguous zone and the control a coastal State may
exercise therein.
International straits
The legal status of waters forming straits used for
international navigation; The right of transit passage;
definition of transit passage; the duties of ships in transit
passage; The meaning of “generally accepted international
regulations, procedures and practices”; The duty of ships
in transit passage regarding sea lanes and TSS; Matters on
which coastal State laws or regulations may affect transit
passage; The obligations of ships during transit passage;
The application of innocent passage to straits used for
international navigation; Definition of Archipelago and
archipelagic state; The right of innocent passage through
archipelagic waters; How sea lanes should be defined and
how ships should follow them; Archipelagic State may
designate TSS for any sea lanes; Ships must respect
established sea lanes and TSS.
Exclusive Economic Zone and Continental Shelf;
Definition of the exclusive economic zone and states its
breadth; Definition of continental shelf; The coastal
State’s jurisdiction over artificial islands, installations and
structures within its exclusive economic zone; The
establishment of safety zones around artificial islands,
installations and structures and the breadth of those zones;
The obligations of ships regarding safety zones.
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Determine position and the Classify stars by apparent magnitude; Recognize stellar
accuracy of resultant position constellations as seen from earth; Kepler’s laws;
fix by any means Determine the hour angle and declination of the planets;
Determine the time of visible rising and setting of the sun
by use of the nautical Almanac; Determine the azimuth
and hour angle of true rising and setting of the sun; Civil,
nautical and astronomical twilights; The influence of
latitude on the duration of twilight, including the
conditions necessary for twilight all night, continuous
daylight and continuous darkness; Ability to calculate the
time of meridian altitude of the planets and stars; Altitude
corrections for the planets and stars; The relation between
time and longitude and between time and hour angle;
Ability to calculate position lines by means of all the
celestial bodies in any position; Ability to choose stars
suitable for observation in the twilight period; Ability to
identify stars by means of a star chart, a star finder and by
calculations.
Knowledge of the basic theory Radiation hazard and precautions and safe distance
and operation of a marine
Radar System The importance of not storing radar spares nearer to
magnetic compasses than the specified safe distance; The
safety precaution necessary in the vicinity of open
equipment and the radiation hazard near antennae and
open waveguides.
Recognize that radar consists of computer component
The main components of a computer system: input device,
output device, printed circuit board, Central Processing
Unit (CPU), Memory; Relate computer processing to
radar: Analogue and digital concepts, analogue to digital
converter, Auto-tuning, Auto-clutter, Trails, manual
plotting, Image expansion and image averaging.
Characteristics of radar sets and factors affecting
performance
The relationship between maximum range and pulse
recurrence frequency; The relationship between detection
range and transmitted energy (power and pulse length);
The relationship between minimum range and pulse
length; The effects on bearing and range accuracy of beam
width, heading marker error, centring error, yawing,
parallax, variable range marker and gyro error; The effects
on bearing discrimination beam width, spot size, plan
position indicator tube size, pulse length, gain; The
difference between x-band radar and S-band radar
(Frequencies, antennas); Advantage and disadvantage of
X-band Radar; Advantage and disadvantage of S-band
Radar.
Factors external to the radar set affecting detection
Ability to use the equation for the distance to the radar
horizon and ability to explain the relationship between
antenna location and detection ranges; The effect of
variations in refraction on radar detection range (super
refraction, sub refraction, surface duct, elevated duct); The
effect of precipitation on radar detection ranges (rain, hail,
snow fog); Ability ti identify blind areas and shadow
areas, permanent blind and shadow sectors and their
relationship to the antenna location; How characteristics of
targets influence their detection range (aspect, shape,
composition, size); How clutter may mask targets (sea
clutter and rain clutter).
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Knowledge of the basic theory Factor which might cause faulty interpretation of the
and operation of a marine radar picture
Radar System
Relative motion and true motion presentation; The cause
and effect of interference; The cause and effect of side
echoes; The cause and effect of indirect echoes; The cause
and effect of multiple echoes; The cause and effect of
second trace echoes; The effect on radar performance of
power lines and bridge crossing rivers and estuaries; The
effect of the ship in seaway; The effect of ship in ice
covered waters.
Knowledge of the set up and Set up and maintain optimum radar display
the operation of Radar in
accordance with Ability to operate main controls (Power, antenna); Ability
manufacturer’s instructions. to operate transmitter controls (Standby/transit, pulse
length, PRF); Ability to adjust receiver controls to give an
optimal picture (tuning, gain, linear/logarithmic gain,
sensitivity time control, fast time control); Ability to
adjust display controls (brilliance, illumination, focus,
shift, range selector, range rings, VRM, EBL, mechanical
cursor, heading marker, anti-clutter); The presentation of:
Head-up, Course-up, North-up, relative motion mode,
True motion mode; The function of each radar display
control; The operation of radar in high speed Craft (ref.
High Speed Craft Code); Routine radar checks; The
periodic operational checks to be performed by the radar
operator; The purpose and the contents of radar logs.
Knowledge of the effects of How the effect of wind on a given ship depends upon: -
wind and current on ship the wind strength, - the relative direction of the wind, - the
handling above water area and profile, - the draught and trim, - the
ship’s fore-and-aft movement; Behaviour of the ship when
engines are put astern, the pivoting point; Behavior of a
ship moving ahead with a wind from various directions;
Effects of wind when making large turns, on a disabled
vessel, when the ship is slowed, when making sternway;
Creating a lee; The effect of current on the motion of a
ship, when in rivers and narrow channels, when turning in
a channel;
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Initial action to be taken The OOW initial actions to be taken following a collision,
following a collision or running aground, discovery of fire, sighting of derelicts,
grounding or other sighting or receiving distress signals, breakdown of aids or
emergencies: initial damage equipment, power failure, capsize of tugs when under tow
assessment and control or manoeuvring, collapse of crew member in tank or other
confined space, accidents to any person on board, ship;
Procedures for abandoning ship; Ability to determine
damage to own ship; Ability to measures to attempt to
limit damage to salve own ship; Precautions to be taken
when beaching; Actions to be taken on stranding; Means
of limited damage and salving the ship following a fire or
explosion; Steering arrangement using materials normally
found aboard ship; Means of constructing a rudder, where
practicable.
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Normal and emergency Recognition and knowledge of the meaning and use of
communications distress signals contained in the Collision regulations;
Recognition and knowledge of the meaning and use of the
lifesaving, emergency and distress signals contained in the
International Code of Signals; Emergency
communications within the GMDSS regulations;
understanding and use of the IMO standard Marine
Communication Phrases.
Inspect and report defects and Knowledge and ability to explain where to look for
damage to cargo spaces, hatch damage and defects most commonly encountered due to
covers and ballast tanks Loading and unloading operations, corrosion, severe
weather conditions; Identify those elements of the ship
structure, which are critical to the safety of the ship;
Understanding of the purpose of the “enhanced survey
program”
Basic working knowledge of Basic working knowledge of the SOLAS and MARPOL
the relevant IMO conventions conventions; Purpose and application of the International
concerning the safety of life at Safety Management (ISM) and International Ship and
sea and the protection of the Shore Facility Security (ISPS) Codes; Purpose of Flag
marine environment State and Port State control.
Canadian legislation and Basic knowledge and application of the Canada Labour
regulations and vessels Code and the Marine Occupational Safety and Health
documentation Regulations; Practical knowledge of the rights and
privileges of the various certificates of competency and
endorsements required on board ship and issued by
Transport Canada; Basic knowledge of ship’s
documentation, inspection certificates, loadline
certificates, manning certificates, tackle book, oil record
book.
Competence: Seamanship
Mooring Lines Use, care and stowage of mooring lines, types of line used
for mooring and their characteristics; Names of the various
mooring lines and orders; Making fast on-shore bollards
being used by another ship; Use of moorings on the bight
and doubling up; Use, handling and securing of lines to
make fast a harbour tug; Use, handling and securing
towing wires; Use, handling and securing of insurance
wires; Use of lines in securing a vessel and in warping
alongside a berth, lock or lay-by; Use of mooring wire-
ropes reels; Types of fairleads, their construction, naming
and use; Use of rat guards.
Deck Machinery Practical use and care in the use of: electric and hydraulic
winches (ordinary and self-tensioning), windlasses and
capstans; Electric and hydraulic derrick winches and deck
cranes; Elevators and hatch opening systems.
Knots and Splicing Basic knotting, gripping and splicing with reference to
current practice, seizings, rackings, frappings, and
stoppers.
Knowledge of the principles of The parts of the magnetic compass and their function
magnetic compasses,
electromagnetic compasses The requirements of SOLAS Chapter V – Regulation 19 in
and marine transmitting regards to the requirements for the carriage of magnetic
magnetic heading devices and compasses; Pelorus; Parts and functions of the magnetic
ability to determine and allow compass; The operating principle of Transmitting
for errors of the magnetic Magnetic Compass; Performances standards for magnetic
compasses compasses.
The errors of the magnetic compass and their
correction
The importance of keeping a record of observed
deviations; Ability to determine deviations and prepare a
table or graph of deviations; The approximate coefficients
A, B, C, D and E; The equation for the deviation on a
given heading in terms of the coefficients; The conditions
which give rise to each of the coefficients; the use of the
approximate coefficients A, B, C, D and E; Why
coefficients A and E may exist at a badly sited compass;
The non-magnetic causes of an apparent coefficient A;
Coefficient B results from what; Induced magnetism; How
the deviation associated with the coefficient permanent B
varies with magnetic latitude; How the deviation
associated with the coefficient induced B varies with
magnetic latitude; Why the deviation due to permanent
magnetism should be compensated by permanent magnets
and that due to induced magnetism by spherical soft iron
correctors, where possible; The causes of heeling error and
how it varies with heel, course and magnetic latitude; The
correction of heeling error and why the correction does not
remain effective with change of magnetic latitude; The
correction of heeling error and why the correction does not
remain effective with change of magnetic latitude;
Definition of the constant lambda 1 and lambda 2;
Definition of the constant mu; How the soft iron spheres
increase the mean directive force towards magnetic north
and that the value of lambda with the spheres in place is
called ship’s multiplier;
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Knowledge of the principles of The errors of the magnetic compass and their
magnetic compasses, correction (cont’d)
electromagnetic compasses
and marine transmitting The vertical force instrument and its use in correcting
magnetic heading devices and heeling error; Methods of obtaining a table of deviations;
ability to determine and allow Ability to analyze a table of deviations to obtain
for errors of the magnetic approximate coefficients; Anything which could affect the
compasses deviation of the compass should be stowed in its sea-going
position before correcting; The adjustment of the compass
by the analysis and or tentative methods and obtain a table
of residual deviations; The order in which corrections
should be made and why they are made in that order; How
heeling error may produce an unsteady compass on certain
headings after a large change of magnetic latitude and how
to deal with it; How sub-permanent magnetism gives rise
to retentive error; Definition of the magnetic moment of a
bar magnet; How the relative strengths of two fields may
be found.
Knowledge of the systems The main systems under the control of the master gyro;
under the control of the The main types of gyro-compasses in use at sea; Refer to
master gyro and the operation manufacturer’s manuals to determine necessary
and care of the main types of maintenance tasks.
gyro-compasses in use at sea
Heading control systems / Automatic pilots
Knowledge of the functions, principles, operational
requirements, alarms, indicators and fall-back
arrangements required of Heading control systems / Auto-
Pilot systems; the differences between Heading control
systems and Auto-Pilot systems.
Rate of turn indicators
Knowledge of the functions, principles and operational
requirements of rate of turn indicators. Practical
knowledge of the Steering Appliances and Equipment
Regulations.
Ability to understand and Synoptic and prognostic charts and forecasts from any
interpret a synoptic chart and source
to forecast area weather,
taking into account local Ability to interpret the isobaric patterns of a synoptic
weather conditions and weather chart with interpolation and extrapolation as
information received by necessary; Ability to determine the geostrophic and
weather fax approximate surface wind speeds from the chart by use of
the geostrophic wind scale; Ability to determine the
weather associated with specific places within the plots;
Ability to determine the likely movement of pressure
systems; The use of prognostic charts; The information
given in shipping forecasts; The information received
from internet and e-mail.
The Range of Information Available
Knowledge of information available on weatherfax in
Canada and Worldwide; Forecast 12-24 hours, pressure,
wind, sea state, visibility, clouds, weather changes;
Knowledge of services available; Radio Aids to
navigation, Atlantic and Great Lakes, Pacific; Ability to
locate marine weather forecast areas; Understanding
weather forecasts for the Great Lakes, ability to use
MAFOR code; Assorted weatherfax in weather, satellite,
sea state and ice charts; Understanding of synoptic surface
analysis charts; Understanding of surface progs;
Understanding of wave charts, analysis, forecast;
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Knowledge of ocean current Surface water circulation of the ocean and principal
systems adjoining seas
The effect of geostrophic force on surface current; The
generation of drift currents by prevailing winds; The
generation of gradient currents from differences in water
temperature and salinity; The generation of gradient
currents resulting from the indirect effect of wind causing
a piling up of water on windward coasts, as in the case of
the equatorial counter currents; The nature of currents
formed by a combination of the above as experienced by
western shores of large land masses; The general pattern
of surface water circulation to the atmospheric pressure
distribution;Ability to identify the principal individual
currents by name; The causes of individual currents where
explicitly stated in Meteorology for Mariners; The
classification of individual currents as warm or cold where
appropriate; The form in which surface current data is
presented in current atlases and on routeing charts; Ability
to evaluate qualitatively the use of this data in passage
planning; The derivation of the vector mean current;
Ability to compare qualitatively the values of the
information given by the current rose, the predominant
current and the vector mean current as aids to passage
planning.
Voyage planning principles with respect to weather
conditions and wave height
Ability to use the data from Ocean Passages of the world;
Climatological routeing; Definition of Significant wave
height; The factors affecting wave height and direction;
The methods employed in forecasting wave heights;
Optimum (Least time) routeing; The forms of routeing;
The methods of constructing a least time track; The merits
of ship and shore based routeing, and their limitations; The
construction of ships performance curves; The use on
monthly Routeing Charts;
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Loading, care and unloading Application of all available shipboard data related to
of bulk cargoes loading, care and unloading of bulk cargoes
Loading, care and unloading Application of all available shipboard data related to
of bulk cargoes loading, care and unloading of bulk cargoes (cont’d...)
The typical information that can be obtained from a
loading instrument; the certification, testing and use of a
loading instrument; Ability to utilize a typical loading
instrument to plan and monitor bulk carrier loading,
ballast exchange and discharge operations.
Code of practice for the safe loading and unloading of
bulk carriers (BLU code)
The contents of the Code of Practice for the Safe Loading
and Unloading of Bulk Carriers (BLU code) in relation to:
- planning the sequence of operation;
- communications and coordination between ship and
terminal;
- allocation of ships to appropriate terminals;
- condition of ships and terminal equipment;
- training of ship and terminal personnel;
- requirement to be familiar with and comply with local
regulations;use of safety checklists;
- responsibility of the Master;
- additional considerations in relation to dangerous
cargoes;
- the use of the BLU Manual by terminal staff ;
- the impact of arrival and departure condition on
manoeuvrability;
- actions to minimize hull and local stress;
- actions to take where acceptable hull and local stress
levels may be exceeded.
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Safe cargo handling in The appropriate action to take in case of general and
accordance with the medical emergencies involving packaged dangerous goods
provisions of the relevant using the EMS and MFAG guidance of the IMDG Code;
instruments The risks that might be created by undeclared dangerous
goods or goods that are not packaged or
separated/segregated in accordance with the IMDG Code;
The loading and discharge of dangerous goods, bulk
cargoes and marine pollutants may be subject to port and
national regulations in loading and discharge ports in
addition to the requirements of the IMO codes.
Limitation on strength of the Hull girder stress; Causes of the longitudinal bending;
vital constructional parts of a Ship’s torsional strength; Upper deck plating; Transverse
standard bulk carrier and bulkheads;; Types of cracking in the upper deck; High
interpret given figures for cyclical stress; Damage to hatch covers; Causes of
bending moments and shear corrosion; Visual inspection; Cargo hold inspection; The
forces common damage/defects that may occur on watertight
transverse bulkheads situated at the ends of dry cargo
holds of a bulk carrier; Fractures that may occur in the
deck plating at hatches and in connected coamings; Causes
of cracking in way of no. 1 cargo hold.
Limitation on strength of the The damages caused by cargoes in cargo holds, especially
vital constructional parts of a to tanktop plating and side: (cont’d…)
standard bulk carrier and
interpret given figures for - large grab buckets may cause considerable damage
bending moments and shear to tank top plating when being dropped to grab
forces cargo;
- use of bulldozers and pneumatic hammers may also
be harmful to cargo hold structures and may result in
damage to tank tops, bilge hoppers, hold frames and
end brackets;
- umber cargoes may also cause damage to the cargo
hold structures of smaller bulkers that are employed
in the carriage of light bulk cargoes and lumbers.
Cracking on large bulk carriers; Ballast tanks. Ability to
interpret given figures for bending moments and shear
forces.
Methods to avoid the Principal factor in the loss of many bulk carriers;
detrimental effects on bulk Corrosive effects of cargoes; Causes of improper cleaning
carriers of corrosion, fatigue during hold cleaning; Causes of corrosion due to ballast
and inadequate cargo exchange; Prevention of corrosion; Vulnerable aspects of
handling a bulk carrier operation; Damages to bow plating; Causes
of hatch cover dislodgment; Metal fatigue; What can
weaken the vessel’s structural capacity; Areas that are
prone to fatigue cracks in the cargo holds; Causes of
carriage of high density cargoes; Damages to side shell.