I

A. EEJll!ln

IlPABOilHC
CPilCKOXPBA TCKOf KlhlUKEBHOf JE3HKA

HOBO .l.l.OilYlbEHO H HCilPABJbBHO HSJJ.AlbB

. . ...... ... ... "f'_... - .. ,.: .... .. , _, . .. ... · . ...........;..,

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CTPOCBETA
M3UABAYKO nPEUY3EnE CPBMJE
EEOfPAU, 1950
 Il E.QfOBOP
Oao je HOBO, npepatjeHO H3Jl.albe .11.oca.11.annner Harne:·
npason11ca. · KaKo je H .11.oca.n.arnlhH npason11c Haw aacHoBall
11a Ha11eJIHMa 6ecMpTHora ByKa, np11po.n.Ho je .11.a ce OH 11 y
HOBOM, npepatjeHOM H3JJ.att.y He MO)Ke MHOrO MelbaTH. y IbeMy
i:.y, npe csera, YllHlbeHe aHaTHe .11.onyHe. AaHac ce y 1-iarnoj
Kl-b!l)KeBHOCTH MHOro BHllie Hero HKa.11.a TIHille jy)f{HHM H3ro-
80!)<' I ; aaTO je H Taj H3r0BOp y OBOj Kl-bH3H Mopao nocTaTH
noTnyHo pasttonpaaaH ca HCTO'IHHM. Cayr.11.e r.11.e ce peq H3rO··
ope1..-a jy>KHHM rosopoM O.llJIHKyje 0.!1. HCTOl!Hor, TY cy Jl.OTHIJHe
'4 H 11 o6eJie>KeHe Kao HCT04He HJIH jy)frne. f.11.e m1je TaKo
nJie>KCHO, 3Ha1Jll .n.a pe4H Bpe)le no.11.je)l.HaKO 3a o6a li3rOBOpa.
Tpe6a HMaTH Ha yMy .11.a je . oso, Ha npBOM MecTy, npa-
oo nHc, a He ynyTCTBO 0 npaBHJJHOCTH H 4HCTOHH je3HKa. 3aTO
Ka.n.a ce HeKa pe4 y npaBHJIHMa HJIH y pe1JHHKY HaBO.ll.H, TO
3Ha4H .11.a je BaJba OHaKO HanHCaTH !<aKO je y Kl-bH3H 03HalJeHO
aKo je KO )f{eJIH ynoTpe6HTH.
l1Ha11e ce na3HJIO .11.a ce y 0,3.eJbKe KOjH HMajy )J.orosopm1
KapaKTep, a Taj je KapaKTep THM oco61maMa OCTao H y OBOM
Ka.n.a~by, yttece lllTO BHllle jacttocTH H ynpowhettocTH. To tta-
po11HTO BpeJl.H aa rnasy 0 nHCal-by BeJIHKHX H MaJIHX· TIHCMeHa;
nonyH>eH je TaKotje H O.lleJbaK o cacTaBJbeHOM 11 pacTaBJbeHoM
TIHCal-by pe1JH, 0 CKpaheHOM TIHCal-by pettH H 11apaaa. IloHeWTO
je Mel-baHO TaMO r.11.e je 6HJIO TIOTpet'h10 11 y .n.pyrl!M o.n.eJbl.lllMZ,
t:apOIJHTO y O)l.eJbKY 0 TpaHcKpHnl.lHjH CTpaHHX pe1111.
HHTepnyHKl.lHja je y CBOjHM 1.I,pT.aMa OCTaJia HCTa, f: caMO
je y Hajsa>KHHjeM )l.eJiy CBOM, y O)l.eJbKY 0 TIHCalby. aaneTe,
a11aTHO ynpomheHa 11 cHa6.n.eaeHa aehoM 3()1-1paoM Hajpa3JJH4-
HHjHx npHMepa.
Ja 3axaaJbyjeM cs11Ma cTpy111ba1.I,HMa KOjH cy Me y OBOM
nocny n0Morn11, a 1-iapo'rnTo capa.n.HHU.HMa HHCTHTyTa Cpnc'Ke
lllra~rnapHja ,,ByK Kapm,rnh", noroa ,,V!CKpa", Eeo~p;;-,n~Ta~oBCK-; op~ 32
aKaJl.e~11je~ 1-iayKa,
 ,

I
As6yKe
1. - Y ttaweM cy Hapo.ll.Y y ynoTpe6H .11.se aa6y1<e:
1n1p1rnwua, y OHOM o6mrny Kojw joj je .11.ao 1818 r. ByK Ka-
par,mh, H naTttHHUa, 1<ojy je Tptt.ll.eceTHX rop;1rna npownora aeKa
yaeo 3a TIOTpe6e ttawer je3HKa Jby.n.eBHT faj H KOja ce .ll0ll-
m1je_pa3BttJJa .n.o JI.aHawH>er caor o6;mKa {a. T. 3).

nttp11J111U3 JlaTHHllU8 l'lllpHJ1HU8 JfaTHHHua

Aa A a H H N n
s 6 B b 1-b th Nj nj
B B v v 0 0 0 0
I1 n p p
r r G g
Rr
.Il .II. D d p p
0 ~ f) d cc ss
E e E e TT T t
)K }f{ zz 11 h cc
3 3 zz y y u u
VI H I i <I> ct> F f
J i J j xx H h
K K K k u ll
lj 4 cc
cc
JI .IJ L I
Jb Jl Lj lj I.I 1,1 Dz dz
MM Mm Ww ss
2. - A36y4HH je pe.!l JiaTHHHue: a b c c c d dz a e
f g h i j k l lj m n nj o p r s t u v z s z.
3. - Qsa J13TllHHUa npeTCTaB.lba 3B8HH'!HY J13THHCKY aa6yKy. npH-
M JbeHy aa onrnry ynoTpe6y KOJl Hae 'y TOKY speMena. Otta H y osoiw
06JlHKy .. ,!I.a (JcTaSHMO Ha CTpatty Malby H3pa3HTOCT HaJlpe.D.HH.'C 3H8KOBa
y lbOj apeMa aace6HHM wapaMa y hHpHJillUH, HMa npeMa l\HpHnHU.11 CBOjHlt
 9

He)l.OCT3T3K3. npHHUHn je !rnpH.111Lte .lla CBaKH 3ace6HH rJJaC Hawer je- 6. - nHpHJJHll,a H JiaTHHHU,a HHCY ce CJiarane H y TOMe
3HK3 HMa CBOj noce6Hl1 3HaK. MeljyTll\1 y JlaTHHHUlf HMaMO 3a lb, ltJ II I/ no llJTO cy CE\, . .n.oca.n.a y JiaTHHHll,H Tylje pe4M (TyljH .Ha3HBH Ii
;i.sa 3ace6Ha 3HaKa yje)l.HO caCTaBJbeHa: lj. nj H di O)l KOjlfX CB3KH HM3
H caMocTaJJHO 3Ha'leH.e 11 caMocTanHy ynoTpe6y y J1aT1tHHu11 . OH11 113ro-
HMeHa) HaBO,!l,WJe o6M4HO y· H3BOpHOM m1calby, .IJ.OK 1e Ha4eJIO
aopettH KaKo cy HanttcaHH He )lajy 11awe rnacoee Jb, lb HI/, eeh rnacoeHe trnpH.rrnu,e ·.!la ce oHe ttaso.n.e oHaKo KaKo ce y .llOTH4HOr Ha-
rpyne Jl+j, ."+i • .11.+lK. 3aTo je noTpe6Ho 3HaTH )la ce lj. nj H di KaJ.a po,11,a H3rosapajy. JlaHaWlhlifM je npasom1coM yTBpt;e1rn ,n.a ce
npeTCT3BJbajy CJIHBeHe rnacoee lb, lb H 1/- H y JiaTHHHUll 'lllT3JY Kao r10pe,11, H3BOpHOf o6eJJe}f{aBalba MO>t<e CTaBJbaTM y JiaTHHHll,H Ii ,
yMeKwaHO /, n II CJIHBeH11 3BYK di. )la 6H ce TO 06e.1elKHJJO II Ha nllCMY
11 .na 6H ce 3HaJio .l{a 11x TaKo aaJba 'IHTaT11, a He Kao .l!Ba rnaca (ucn.
KaKo ce Te pe4H H3roeapajy (s. T. 253).
nadiivjeti H diamija, KOjH ce Ha HCTH HalJHH nttwy y JiaTHHHUll, HaKO
ce npno H3roeapa HDP.JICUajemu, a Apyro fla.Muja), T.iypa .ilaHH'IHli je 7. npasonHC ce Hawer je3MKa caMO y H3BeCHOM npasuy
MO)f{e Ha3BaTH rJiaCOBHH M (cpOHeTHJlKHM), jep je nHca!he pe4l1
1878 ro)l. npeAJJOnrno Tp11 3HaKa n. l H g 3a noMeHyTa TPH rnaca KOJI!
npeMa 113rosopy orpaHH4eHo y !heMy caMo Ha 3ace6He pe4H n
'
1111 )(O )laHac jow HeMajy wttpc ynorpe6e; caMo d, Koje je )laHH'ltth ra)la
3ace6He o6JIHKe. To 3Ha4M .n.a ttaw npasonHc so,11,11 patiyHa o
npe)lJIO>KHO MeCTO )lOTa,llaWlher gj HJJll dj, y HOBHje je speMe npHMJbfHO H

... 3a WKOJJe H YJl33H cae BHWe y ynoTpe6y. AJIH HnaK HMa jow OCTaTaKa
11 OJl CTap11jer 11a'111tta n11caH.a (Tj. oHora no KOMe ce d n11we Kao gj
HJlll dj)
4. y HaweM je je3HKY p cyrJJaCHH4KO H ca~10r JICI·
CHH4KO. Te)Klha je seli o.n. By1<0sa speMeHa .n.a ce caMorna-
CHH4KO p o6eJJe}f{H H,ap04HTHM 3HaKOM Ka.rra ce Haxo.aH 1133
caMorJJacHHKa IMH npe.n. H>HM. AJJH ce .n.o .n.attac y TOM npasu.y
HHje JlOWJJO HH .n.o KaKsor onwrnjer Ha4HHa ( ca~wr,1acHocT
TaKsora p o6eJJe}f{aBaJia ce noJJyrJJaCHHKOM, anocTpotjJoM, u.p-
THU.OM, je.n.HOM Ta4KOM Ha.n. p 11 .IJ.BeMa Ta4KaMa Ha.ll lhHM), H
cee BHwe npeosJJa~yje y nHcalby tteo6eJJe}f{aBa!he Ta1rnora p
HHKaKBHM Hap04HTHM 3HaKOM. AJJH ce MO}f{e .n.onycnn11 Jla ce
3a osaKBO p, .n.aKJJe 3a caMorJiaCHH4KO p Hcnpeil H 113a ca11o10-
rJJaCHHKa, ynoTpe6Jbasa anoCTpocj:>: y.Mp'o, rp'oqe, upocwp'o,
cyp'J1Cuqa, iiop'aaili.u ce, 3ap'3aiIJu, cmp'oHuqa, 11ap'11yi.Iiu
o,naiip'o HT.IJ.. (oso je noTpe6tto Y4HHHTH ott,11,a Ka.n.a Tpe6a
llOKa3aTJ.t .n.a p 4HHH CJIOr).
npoMeHaMa caMo y 3ace6HHM pe411Ma (Ha np. cJ1a.aa1c cJiailli-:a),
aJJ11 He H o npoMeHaMa M3BaH 3ace6H11x pe4H, Ka,ll.a 611 npo-
MeHa rJJacosa 3am1CHJia 0,11, Henocpe.n.He 6m13v.He 3ace61tux pe'lu
y pe'lew1uu. Hanp. 11aKo ce H3rofl,apa ,1wm 1cyl1e, w lbll.M,.
nuwe ce 1coJJ. 1cyl1e, c lbll.M , jep cy TO 3ace6f.1e pe411, a csaKa
ce pell MJIH csaKH ce o6JIHK pe411 m1we, npeMa Jl.YXY Hawera
npasom1ca , 0Ha1w K.aKo OH caM rJi aCH . 6e3. o63Hpa Ha !herosy
ae3y ca ,11,pyrnM pe4ttMa y pe4ett11u.11. DpeMa TOMe, H 1,:a,11, Jl.Be
pe4tt 06pa3yjy jell.Hy, oHe ce y Toj pe4H no11sprasajy npa-
BHJIHMa Koja spe.n.e 3a npocTe, Tj. rnacoBH ce nnwy ottaKo KaKo
ce Harosapajy (,,o.o." ,,KaJJ.a", ,,OJI." ,,caJJ.a" , ,,KaJJ." ,,ffaJJ." HTJI..
Tpe6a · m1caTH Ka,11.a 4HHe cJIO)!{CHe pe4H: ow1caJJ.a, omca.aa.
ICGiIJllQA HTJl..; ncn. T: 39).

5. - 0Jl rnacoea Hawe a36yKe x ce ynorpe6Jbaea y MaJJeHuM

JJ,eny Hawer 11apoJ1a; eeh1111a ra HapoJla He no3Haje 11 He H3rosapa. A.rn
KaKo je Taj rnac nocTao cacraBHH ,Aeo rnacosHor CHcTeMa Hawer KlbH-
iKeBHor -Je3HKa, Mopa ce Hay11HTH r)le ra eaJba craeJban1. 3aro cy
MOpaJJH 6HTH )laTH y pe'IHHKy npHMepH r,lle ra Tpe6a yr.orp1:6.'baBaT11
(s. o H.eMy rn. IX).
KaTKa)la ce rnacoBH h H f) He 113roeapa1y npaa11.H10 y HaweM
11apOJly; HMa ueJIHX o6JiaCTH y · KOjl!Ma ce TH rnaCOBH Mewajy ca 'I If l,J.
3aTO ce MOpaJia aaTH y pe'IHHKY H tbHXOBa ynorpe6a, 6ap y OCHOBHHM
pe'!HMa H HacTaBUHMa (B. rJI. Ylll).
 _n-p AJlEHCAH}J.AP BE: J1 III•

nPABOnVIC •
CPnCKOXPBATGl{Or 1{1-bY!)f(EBHOr JE;3Y!l{A

*
l\opeKTOPl!
IlABJIE 11BJUi n JOBAHHA MAPHOBJill'i

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!IlTaMnalbe saupweHO 6-XII-1952 rororne.